Unit 12 What's the Difference between Boys and Girls
What is the difference between Phonetics and Phonology
Does someone still remember what phonetics is? Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages. It stresses the speech sound itself. While phonology is also called phonemics音韵学，it is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. It stresses a particular language and its specific meaning.The second difference is their unit. Phonetic unit is phone. It means the speech sound we hear and produce during linguistic communication.The sign of a phone is phonetic symbol. One phonetic symbol represents one phone. For example, a monophthong(单元音) is made up of one phone, while a diphthong（双元音）is made up of two phones. Phones vary in different languages, even dialects in one language. Phonological unit is phoneme. Phoneme is of distinctive value. It is not any particular sound, but rather represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.In English, [p h] and [p] can not be distinguished from their meanings, so they are phones. While /l/ in light and /t/ in tight can be distinguished from meaning, so they are phonemes.Phones express the natural quality of speech sounds, while phonemes express the social attribute.Generally, phones are placed in square brackets and phonemes in slashes. The third difference is their branches. Phonetics has four branches. (1)Articulatory phonetics发音语音学: the study of how speech sounds are made, or articulated.(2)Acoustic phonetics声学语音学: deals with the physical properties of speech as sound waves in the air. Transmission of speech sounds(3)Auditory (or perceptual) phonetics听觉语音学: deals with the perception, via the ear, of speech sounds.(4)Forensic phonetics论辩语音学: has an application in legal cases involving speaker identification and the analysis of recorded utterances. Phonology has two branches.Diachronic (historical) phonology历史性音系学examines and constructs theories about the changes and modifications in speech sounds and sound systems over a period of time.Synchronic (descriptive) phonology共时性音系学investigates sounds at a single stage in the development of a language, to discover the sound patterns that can occur.The last difference is their characteristics. Phonetics is characterized of physical, description; while phonology is characterized of meaning, function.Because phonetics includes production, transmission, and perception of speech sounds, it emphasizes on the physical analysis. And it isconnected to acoustics and auditory, so it is concerned with the accurate description.From the definition of phonology, we know that phonology studies how the speech sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. It expresses meanings and is used for communication, so it is characterized of meaning, function.。
高一英语Unit2教案 新课标 人教版
高一英语Unit2教案GoalExpressionPART ⅠWANMING UP (P8)What’s the difference between British English and American English? That’s what we will begin to know from this Unite. Please try to find the answers for the questions below1.What is the woman’s name and what’s the man’s name?Answer: The woman is Nancy. The man is Joe.2.What is the nationality of the woman and the man? Why doyou think so? = What is that Nancy thinks Joe wants? What is that Joe is looking for? Answer: The woman is from Britain while the man is from the United States of America.One speaks Britain English and the other speaks American English. The man says:”Could I use your bathroom?”What he means is:”I want to go to WC.”But that’s not Britain English. Britain people say:”I want to go to the lavatory.” or “I want to go to WC.” In Britain if onementions “a bathroom”, it may have only a bath or a shower or a basin for you to wash, to take a bath or to have a shower. Only sometimes there may be a toilet in a British bathroom. A toilet is also a water closet or WC. But the word “closet” may refer to a box with a lock in which you keep your clothes and school bags at school. In American English “go to the bathroom” often means to go to the lavatory or WC. So, when Nancy hands Joe a clean towel, he is puzzled. Just look at the picture on page 8.He’s wondering why Nancy gives him a towel. He’s asking himself:” What’s the use of a towel now?” While he is thinking about a toilet or a WC—a water closet. That’s why Joe says:” I didn’t find what I was looking for!”What he was looking for is actually the toilet or the WC—the water closet, not the bath.loo (BrE), lavatory （BrE）, rest room(AmE)3.Do you know what “smart” and “funny” mean in AmericanEnglish? Answer: “smart” is used as an American slang, meaning “clever”. Such as “smart bomb”—a military slang; it’s an extremely accurate missile guided by electronic mans, as by reflected laser beam. A lot of smart bombs were used in the war against Saddam Hussein in Iraqin April 2003. “Funny” means tricky or deceptive in American English. For example, there’s some funny business going on between them. They are doing illegal business against the law.4.Can you tell a story about a misunderstanding caused bythe difference between British English and American English? Answer:During the Second World War, the British government urgently asked the Americans for some thousands of bushels of “corn” to feed liberated population. The American government shipped what in America is “corn”but in Britain is “maize” or Indian corn”. The British really wanted wheat (The British people call wheat corn in England). This linguistic blunder (big mistake) costa few million dollars to repair. So you see, “corn”meanswheat in British English but it refers to “maize” in American English. *bushel蒲式耳=35.238liters升Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue on page 8 then answer the questions one by one.LISTENING (P9)Listening TextIt’s that woman. She drives me crazy. It all started right from the very first day. I would say from the very firstevening when I set foot into that house. “Good evening, Mr Brown, could you please put your coat on a peg? –Oh no, not there, in the closet, please. Yes, thank you, and oh, your shoes, could you please take them off? Thank you. And eh, your umbrella, yes, could you please put your umbrella in the umbrella stand? Oh no, not there, here! Please don’t forget. The key of the front door, here you are, and remember, if you come home after midnight, please lock the door. Good night! Oh Mr Brown, would you please be quiet after nine o’clock in the evening?”And that was only the beginning. “Mr Brown, don’t shower after nine,” she shouted. She would walk past my door and say:” Mr Brown, would you please remember not to smoke in the bathroom? Could you walk the dog, please? Will you trun down your radio, please? Please, Mr Brown, could you speak quietly on the phone?”It was terrible. Oh, I could not have stayed there another week, for sure. And then there was this letter,”Dear Mr Brown,”it said, “could you please return the key of the front door? And one more question. Can you help me find a new tenant for my flat?The landlady asked Mr. Brown: 1.to put his coat on a peg a peg to hang on适当的时机、借口、话题等He has not a peg to hang on. 他一点借口也找不出来。
译林版英语八年级上册Unit2 School life Welcome to the unit课件
football soccer
autumn fall
lorry truck
film movie
biscuits
cookies
holiday vacation
garden yard
shop store
New words. <英>饼干
lorry
She is the taller of the two girls.
5 .他比班上其他任何一个男孩都聪明。
He is cleverer than any other boy in his class.
6 .露西和莉莉，谁更苗条？
Who is slimmer ,Lucy or Lily?
1.她是班上年纪最小的。
language points
1. What is school like? like: prep.像… (unlike) eg: John looks like his father.
His hat is like mine What’s the weather like? What is he like? *What do you like？ 你喜欢什么？
4 .露西、埃米和桑迪哪个最大？
Who is the oldest ,Lucy ,Amy or Sandy?
将英语作为主要语言或本族语言的国家 有: 英国、爱尔兰、美国、加拿大、澳 大利亚、新西兰、印度和部分非洲国家。 英国和美国是世界上最大的两个使用英 语的国家，但是这两个国家在使用英语 的过程中也有不少区别。
China
England the USA
ground floor first floor
Attention:
Nivaldo_Chemistry-a_molecular_approach课件第一章
Consider the preparation of refined salt, what's the difference between distillation and vaporization?
20
Tell some notices in the process of filtration. (the first one is given)
12
What’s the atomic theory about and who proposed it? What’s the difference between a theory and a law? Do Conceptual Connection 1.1
13
1.3 The Classification of Matter
Give some examples to show a gaseous matter can be compressed.
Do Conceptual Connection 1.2
Consider the density of a matter in those three states, in which state does it has the largest density, why?
See fig. 1.7, at the mouth of the flask, can we see white fog or white smoke? What is that? What is chemical change?
11
A scientific approach to discover the knowdge
Observation __________ __________ __________
(完整版)新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案Unit1
Unit 1Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone’s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world?This is still powerful in today’s social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants.2. What’s the difference between today’s intercultural co ntact and that of any time in the past?Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”? Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one’s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society. Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is like?As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a “global village”, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization? Technology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the ‘global’ may be more local than the ‘local’”?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, “the ‘global’ may be more local than the ‘local’”.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world? Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of Michael Fay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability tounderstand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalization? Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Case StudyCase 1In this case, there seemed to be problems in communicating with people of different cultures in spite of the efforts made to achieve understanding.We should know that in Egypt as in many cultures, the human relationship is valued so highly that it is not expressed in an objective and impersonal way. While Americans certainly value human relationships, they are more likely to speak of them in less personal, more objective terms. In this case, Richard‘s mistake might be that he chose to praise the food itself rather than the total evening, for which the food was simply the setting or excuse. For his host and hostess it was as if he had attended an art exhibit and complimented the artist by saying, “What beautiful frames your pictures are in.”In Japan the situation may be more complicated. Japanese people value order and harmony among persons in a group, and that the organization itself－be it a family or a vast corporation－is more valued than the characteristics of any particular member. In contrast, Americans stress individuality as a value and are apt to assert individual differences when they seem justifiably in conflict with the goals or values of the group. In this case: Richard‘s mistake was in making great efforts to defend himself. Let the others assume that the errors were not intentional, but it is not right to defend yourself, even when your unstated intent is to assist the group by warning others of similar mistakes. A simple apology and acceptance of the blame would have been appropriate. But for poor Richard to have merely apologized would have seemed to him to be subservient, unmanly.When it comes to England, we expect fewer problems between Americans and Englishmen than between Americans and almost any other group. In this case we might look beyond the gesture of taking sugar or cream to the values expressed in this gesture: for Americans, ―”Help yourself”; for the Engl ish counterpart, ―”Be my guest”. American and English people equally enjoy entertaining and being entertained but they differ somewhat in the value of the distinction. Typically, the ideal guest at an American party is one who ―makes himself at home, even to the point of answering the door or fixing his own drink. For persons in many other societies, including at least this hypothetical English host, such guest behavior is presumptuous or rude.Case 2A common cultural misunderstanding in classes involves conflicts between what is said to be direct communication style and indirect communication style. InAmerican culture, people tend to say what is on their minds and to mean what they say. Therefore, students in class are expected to ask questions when they need clarification. Mexican culture shares this preference of style with American culture in some situations, and that‘s why the students from Mexico readily adopted the techniques of asking questions in class. However, Korean people generally prefer indirect communication style, and therefore they tend to not say what is on their minds and to rely more on implications and inference, so as to be polite and respectful and avoid losing face through any improper verbal behavior. As is mentioned in the case, to many Koreans, numerous questions would show a disrespect for the teacher, and would also reflect that the student has not studied hard enough.Case 3The conflict here is a difference in cultural values and beliefs. In the beginning, Mary didn’t realize that her Dominican sister saw her as a member of the family, literally. In the Dominican view, family possessions are shared by everyone of the family. Luz was acting as most Dominican sisters would do in borrowing without asking every time. Once Mary understood that there was a different way of looking at this, she would become more accepting. However, she might still experience the same frustration when this happened again. She had to find ways to cope with her own emotional cultural reaction as well as her practical problem (the batteries running out).Case 4It might be simply a question of different rhythms. Americans have one rhythm in their personal and family relations, in their friendliness and their charities. People from other cultures have different rhythms. The American rhythm is fast. It is characterized by a rapid acceptance of others.However, it is seldom that Americans engage themselves entirely in a friendship. Their friendships are warm, but casual, and specialized. For example, you have a neighbor who drops by in the morning for coffee. You see her frequently, but you never invite her for dinner --- not because you don‘t think she could handle a fork and a knife, but because you have seen her that morning.Therefore, you reserve your more formal invitation to dinner for someone who lives in a more distant part of the city and whom you would not see unless you extended an invitation for a special occasion. Now, if the first friend moves away and the second one moves nearby, you are likely to reverse this --- see the second friend in the mornings for informal coffee meetings, and the first one you will invite more formally to dinner.Americans are, in other words, guided very often by their own convenience. They tend to make friends eas ily, and they don‘t feel it necessary to go to a great amount of trouble to see friends often when it becomes inconvenient to do so, and usually no one is hurt. But in similar circumstances people from many other cultures would be hurt very deeply.。
新 外研版英语八年级上册Module 10 Unit1 (2)配套练习(附答案)
Module 10The weatherUnit 1It might snow.[见学生用书A38]Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词1．The t__emperature__ in Beijing is between minus nine and two degrees today. 2．Don't play a j__oke__ on him.It's not polite.3．There are many c__louds__ in the sky.I think it will rain later on.4．It will be summer in February in Australia，so it'll p__robably__ be very sunny. 5．There was a heavy __storm__(暴风雨)last night.6．I like __rainy__(下雨的)days because the air is fresh.7．I have just had a __terrible__(可怕的)thought.Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1．—Is Jack busy packing luggage(行李)?—Yes.He __is__leaving__(leave)for America on vacation.2．—How is the weather?—It is raining __heavily__(heavy)．3．It's __snowy/snowing__(snow)．You should be careful on the road，or you may slip(滑倒)．4．On __rainy__(rain)days，we'd better __stay__(stay)at home and do some reading. 5．I wish I __were__(be)in Hainan now.6．Don't forget __to__bring__(bring)your homework here.Ⅲ.完形填空The weather is closely related(联系)to our life.It is all around us all the time.It is a(n)__1__ part of our lives.We can't control(控制)it，but it often controls how and where we live，what we do，what we __2__ and what we eat.Read this passage and learn more about the __3__．What is the weather？The weather is just the state of the atmosphere(大气层)at any time，such as temperature，wind，__4__，sun，etc.What makes the weather __5__？As we know，not every place on the earth getsthe same amount of __6__．Some places get more sunlight.So it's __7__ in those places.Some places get little or no sunlight in __8__．Then those places have lower temperatures in winter.These __9__ in temperature make the air and water move around the __10__．The movement helps to __11__ the heat energy from the sun across the earth.So the weather changes.What's the difference between weather and climate(气候)？Climate is a place's weather over a __12__ time.The weather changes from day to day and __13__ from hour to hour.It can be sunny in the morning，__14__ cold and wet in the afternoon.As for the climate，it changes very __15__ over lots of years.(A)1.A.important B．interestingC．helpful D．useful(A)2.A.wear B．hearC．like D．read(D)3.A.seasons B．lifeC．customs D．weather(B)4.A.water B．rainC．plants D．animals(B)5.A.return B．changeC．rise D．drop(C)6.A.rain B．snowC．sunlight D．moonlight(B)7.A.nicer B．warmerC．heavier D．richer(A)8.A.winter B．autumnC．summer D．spring(D)9.A.advantages B．changesC．movements D．differences(A)10.A.earth B．mountainsC．sun D．oceans(D)11.A.reach B．fetchC．blow D．take(C)12.A.good B．hardC．long D．short(D)13.A.also B．almostC．just D．even(D)14.A.so B．becauseC．as D．but(B)15.A.differently B．slowlyC．carefully D．easilyⅣ.阅读理解Maybe you know floods，earthquakes，sandstorms and so on.But have you heard of typhoons(台风)？Typhoons are some of the worst storms，usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea.Most of them happen in July，August and September.How does a typhoon happen？When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun，it evaporates(蒸发)into the air.This makes the air hotter.When the air gets warm enough，it starts to move higher up into the sky.After the air gets warmer，it starts to move quickly，making wind.The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky.The warmer the air gets，the quicker the wind moves.And when the wind moves faster than 32.7 metres a second，a typhoon begins.A typhoon has two parts.One is called the “eye”．In the eye，the wind does not move so fast.The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye.Here are the strongest winds and hardest rain.Typhoons are very dangerous.In November，2013，Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 5，500 people in Philippines(菲律宾)．Many people went missing.What to do when a typhoon hits?☆Stay inside.Close all the windows and stay away from them.☆Try to bring all of your things inside.Strong winds can even blow away your bikes.☆Listen to the radio or watch TV for important information.(D)1.This passage is most probably from________．A．an advertisementB．a travel recordC．a weather reportD．a science magazine(A)2.Typhoons often happen________．A．in the hot seasonB．in the cold seasonC．only in ChinaD．under the sea(D)3.In which order does a typhoon happen?①The wind moves fast enough and then a typhoon starts.②The air moves quickly，making wind.③The sun makes sea water hot.④The air gets warmer.A．②③①④B．③①④②C．①③④②D．③④②①(C)4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．The warmer the air gets，the slower the wind moves.B．About 7，100 people died because of Typhoon Haiyan in Philippines. C．The strongest winds and hardest rain are in the wall of clouds.D．A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 40 km a second. Ⅴ.词汇运用A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
Advanced English Book1 U12 The Two Cultures
Albert Einstein Charlie Choplin
Xian Xinghai
Section 1: Warm Up
Lead-in Background Information
Questions:
1. Can you classify people into three categories: scientist, artist and scientist as artist/artist as scientist? 2. Do you see any difference between scientists and artists? What’s the difference between people in the last group and those in the first two?
Section 1: Warm Up
Lead-in Background Information
La Cousine Bette
La Cousine Bette is an 1846 novel by French author Honoréde Balzac. Set in mid-19th century Paris, it tells the story of an unmarried middle-aged woman who plots the destruction of her extended family. Bette works with Valé rie Marneffe, an unhappily married young lady, to seduce and torment a series of men. One of these is Baron Hector Hulot, husband to Bette’s cousin Adeline.
译林牛津7年级下册Unit4Findingyourway单元测试卷(电子档包含答案)
7B Unit4 Finding your way 单元测试卷一、单项选择（每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）1. ___ woman over there is ____ popular teacher in our school. A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the2. Lianyungang is ______ the east of China and China is ________ the west of Japan. A. in; on B. to; in C. in; to D. to; on3. We would like you ______ and we look forward _______ you. A. to come, to see B. come, to seeing C. come, to see D. to come, to seeing4. Jack often tells us jokes to make us _____ . A. laughs B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing5. We ______ wear sports shoes when we climb a mountain. A. can ' t B. shouldn ' t C. needn ' t D. have to6. Let's help the old man walk ____ the street. A. cross B. across C. crossing D. acrossing7. Remember ___ off the lights when you leave the classroom.A. turnB. to turnC. turningD. turned8. _________________________________ － Excuse me ， can you tell me the tothe Sunshine Hotel ？－ I'm afraid I can't help you. I'm new here.A. street B. road 9. － What'swrong with your watch A. walkB. go 10. It is going to rain soon. You __C. wayD. path ？ － It doesn't ______ .C. doD. work ___ take an umbrella with you.A. don ' t play on the road C. come to school on foot14. You must be tired. Why not B. not be late again D. to take the first turning_________ a rest?A. to stop to have B. to stop having C. stop to have15. --- Can you help me to buy some bananas? --- _________ . A. No problem B. That ' s right C. Not any more二、词汇检测（每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）A ）请根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
【人教版】八年级上册英语：Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister试题及答案
Test for Unit 3听力部分(20分)Ⅰ.听句子，选择恰当的应答语。
(5分)( )1.A.Yes，he is.B．No，he can't.C．Yes，they are. ( )2.A.My brother. B．Yes，my sister is.C．No，my brother is smarter.( )3.A.At school. B．At ten o'clock. C．Playing tennis. ( )4.A.She has long hair. B．Fifteen.C．America.( )5.A.Yes，they are. B．No，it isn't. C．Yes，he is.Ⅱ.听对话，选择最佳答案。
(5分)( )6.What is Sue good at?A．Music. B．Art. C．Sport.( )7.Who is more hardworking?A．Mary. B．Lily. C．Lucy.( )8.What was the result of the running race?A．Tom was the first. B．Dave was the second. C．Peter was the third.( )9.Why does the woman think Steve should get the job?A．He is more hardworking. B．He is more serious. C．He is smarter.( )10.What's the difference between Tina and Tara?A．Tina studies harder than Tara.B．Tina is friendlier than Tara.C．Tina is shyer than Tara.Ⅲ.听长对话，选择最佳答案。
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句 （关系代词指代整个主句）
Conclusion 3
1. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词， 关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语 时可以省略。
2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，
又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导
且关系代词不可以省略。
Example 4
1. He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match. 2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.
4. We shouldn’t be ashamed of the way we look, should we ?
5. My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment. 6. It’s the same in China—many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.
4. Xi’an, ______ which I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July,
_____ when he won’t be so busy.
新目标人教版英语八年级上册《Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister》检测试题及答案
Unit 3标准检测卷(满分：120分时间：100分钟)听力部分(20分)一、听句子，选出你所听到的单词(每小题1分，共5分) 1．A.older B．cheaper C．newer2．A.leaving B．waiting C．calling 3．A.necessary B．healthyC．interesting4．A.all B．both C．too5．A.expensive B．popularC．beautiful二、听小对话，选择正确的答案(每小题1分，共5分) 6．Who is more outgoing?A．Mary. B．Nancy. C．I don't know.7．What is Steve good at?A．Sports. B．Music. C．English.8．What's the difference between John and Tim?A．John is more serious. B．John is heavier.C．John is shorter.9．How old is Mrs Turner's son?A．Twelve. B．Nine. C．Fifteen.10．What kind of friends does Jack like to have?A．Friends who are like him.B．Friends who are different from him.C．Both A and B.三、听长对话及问题，选择正确的答案(每小题1分，共5分)听第一段对话及问题，回答第11～12小题。
11．A.A photo.B．A newspaper.C．A magazine.12．A.He is shorter than Maria.B．He is younger than Maria.C．He is thinner than Maria.听第二段对话及问题，回答第13～15小题。
Unit 12 Clothes Make the Man 课文翻译
Unit 12Clothes Make the Man — UneasyAnne Hollander1. The last decade has made a large number of men more uneasy about what to wear than they might ever have believed possible. The idea that one might agonize over whether to grow sideburns or wear trousers of a radically different shape had never occurred to a whole generation. Before the mid '60s whether to wear a tie was the most dramatic sartorial problem: everything else was a subtle matter of surface variation. Women have been so accustomed to dealing with extreme fashion for so long that they automatically brace themselves for whatever is coming next, including their own willingness to resist or conform and all the probable masculine responses. Men in modern times have only lately felt any pressure to pay that kind of attention. All the delicate shades of significance expressed by the small range of possible alternatives used to be absorbing enough: Double- or single-breasted cut? Sports jacket and slacks or a suit? Shoes with plain or wing tip? The choices men had had to make never looked very momentous to a feminine eye accustomed to a huge range of personally acceptable possibilities, but they always had an absolute and enormous meaning in the world of men, an identifying stamp usually incomprehensible to female judgment. A hat with a tiny bit of nearly invisible feather was separated as by an ocean from a hat with none, and white-on-white shirts, almost imperceptibly complex in weave, were totally shunned by those men who favored white oxford-cloth shirts. Women might remain mystified by the ferocity with which men felt and supported these tiny differences, and perhaps they might pity such narrow sartorial vision attaching so much importance to half an inch of padding in the shoulders or an inch of trouser cuff.2. But men knew how lucky they were. It was never very hard to dress the part of oneself. Even imaginative wives and mothers could eventually be trained to reject all seductive but incorrect choices with respect to tie fabric and collar shape that might connote the wrong flavor of spiritual outlook, the wrong level of education, or the wrong sort of male bonding. It was a well ordered world, the double standard flourished without hindrance, and no man who stuck to the rules ever needed to suspect that he might look ridiculous.3. Into this stable system the width-of-tie question erupted in the early '60s. Suddenly, and for the first time in centuries, the rate of change in masculine fashion accelerated with disconcerting violence, throwing a new light on all the steady old arrangements.Women looked on with secret satisfaction, as it became obvious that during the next few years men might think they could resist the changes, but they would find it impossible to ignore them. In fact to the discomfiture of many, the very look of having ignored the changes suddenly became a distinct and highly conspicuous way of dressing, and everyone ran for cover. Paying no attention whatever to nipped-in waistlines, vivid turtlenecks, long hair with sideburns, and bell-bottom trousers could not guarantee any comfy anonymity, but rather stamped one as a convinced follower of the old order -- thus adding three or four dangerous new meanings to all the formerly reliable signals. A look in the mirror suddenly revealed man to himself wearing his obvious chains and shackles, hopelessly unliberated.4. In general, men of all ages turn out not to want to give up the habit of fixing on a suitable self-image and then carefully tending it, instead of taking up all the new options. It seems too much of a strain to dress for all that complex multiple role-playing, like women. The creative use of male plumage for sexual display, after all, has had a very thin time for centuries: the whole habit became the special prerogative of certain clearly defined groups, ever since the overriding purpose of male dress had been established as that of precise identification. No stepping over the boundaries was thinkable -- ruffled evening shirts were for them, not me; and the fear of the wrong associations was the strongest male emotion about clothes, not the smallest part being fear of association with the wrong sex.5. The difference between men's and women's clothes used to be an easy matter from every point of view, all the more so when the same tailors made both. When long ago all elegant people wore brightly colored satin, lace, and curls, nobody had any trouble sorting out the sexes or worrying whether certain small elements were sexually appropriate. So universal was the skirted female shape and the bifurcated male one that a woman in men's clothes was completely disguised, and long hair or gaudy trimmings were never the issue. It was the 19th century, which produced the look of the different sexes coming from different planets, that lasted such a very long time. It also gave men official exemption from fashion risk, and official sanction to laugh at women for perpetually incurring it.6. Women apparently love the risk, of course, and ignore the laughter. Men secretly hate it and dread the very possibility of a smile. Most of them find it impossible to leap backward across the traditional centuries into a comfortable renaissance zest for these dangers, since life is hard enough now anyway. Moreover, along with fashion came the pitiless exposure of masculine narcissism and vanity, so long submerged and undiscussed. Men had lost the habit of having their concern with personal appearance show asblatantly as women's -- the great dandies provided no continuing tradition, except perhaps among urban blacks. Men formerly free from doubt wore their new finery with colossal self-consciousness, staring covertly at everyone else to find out what the score really was about all this stuff. High heels and platform soles, once worn by the Sun King and other cultivated gentlemen of the past, have been appropriated only by those willing to change not only their heights but their way of walking. They have been ruled out, along with the waist-length shirt opening that exposes trinkets nestling against the chest hair, by men who nevertheless find themselves willing to wear long hair and fur coats and carry handbags. Skirts, I need not add, never caught on.1. 过去的十年里，为了穿什么衣服，戴什么饰品许多男士感到很不自在，连他们自己都不曾相信过会有这种可能。
新世纪研究生英语教程——综合英语(第四版)北京理工大学出版社unit1、2、7、8、11TestA,TestB课后答案
Unit1 Free Falling1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Unit2 The New Economics of Oil1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2. SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8. Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forUnit7 Competition Is Destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.Directions: Use the questions given below as a guide to write a summary. You can refer to Task 1 and Task 2.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7. In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.(C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone. (C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulUnit8 Power to the People1. What is the author's attitude towards alternative energy?The writer believes that alternative energy will play more important roles in the future.2. What advantages does PV have?It has the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance.3. What advantages does hydropower have?It is a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.4. What are the main disadvantages of wind power?Noise, negative impacts on local tourism, potential disruption to wild life.5. Why are fuel cells considered "zero emission" and preferred by some governments?They release only water vapour into the atmosphere. They are economical and require little maintenance as well as no recharging.Summarize the text.What will be the main means to power our modern societies?Why is it so urgent to find alternative energy?What is the future of solar power, wind power and hydropower?What are the final solutions to man's energy needs?Suggested SummaryIn the article "Power to the People", the author Mark Townsend states that solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now prepared to take the place of fossil fuels and become the main means to power our modern societies. He lists two reasons contributing to man's hot pursuit of alternative sources of energy. One is the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. Another is the crucial progress made by using new technology. According to the writer, a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels will lead to a great future of the solar energy. In addition, if the strength of rough seas can be brought under control, water power is likely to be another major renewable energy. Thirdly wind power can also benefit our life if we can eliminate the negative impacts on the environment. Finally, the author assumes that as an ideal clean energy, fuel cells will be the answer to the future energy needs.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. At the press conference, they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. (B)A. searchingB. strugglingC. crowdingD. exciting2. Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness. (C)A. notableB. tangibleC. extraordinaryD. sensible3. This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seems way out of proportion. (A)A. farB. meanC. simplyD. away4. Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location. (D)A. confrontedB. fantasticC. confidentD. noticeable5. Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich, high performance networking. (C)A. made moneyB. made achievementsC. made advancesD. made progress6. The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment. (B)A. make useB. controlC. produceD. escape7. We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else. (A)A. barriersB. blessC. reportsD. handouts8. I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months. (B)A. changeB. adjustC. directD. organize9. The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation. (B)A. overjoyedB. floodedC. crowdedD. satisfied10. He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity. (D)A. decidedB. practicedC. dependedD. placedUnit11 London Bridge Is Falling DownAnswer the following questions briefly according to the text.1. Why the Millennium Bridge was shut down soon after it had opened to the public?FeedbackBecause it kept vibrating when people walked on it.2. What happened to the Internet?The Internet became paralyzed due to many attacks made by anonymous hackers.3. Why was the Steamboat Act not established until 1838?This was due to two major causes. First, people did not figure out what caused the explosion of the steamboat until 1837. Second, the government did not attach enough importance to the problem.4. What does the congressman mean by saying "Let the Government attend to its own business, and let the people attend to theirs."?The congressman means it is the people's duty but not the government's to set standards for producing, maintaining and inspecting steam boilers.5. What's the author's opinion of the high-tech crises?Though the high-tech crises are inevitable, humans will always look for ways to tackle them and will never give up exploring into the unknown fields of science.Summarize the text.What have gone wrong with some new high-tech innovations?What is the writer's opinion of these high-tech crises?Why does the writer review the establishment of the Steamboat Act?How do people deal with technical trouble now?Will people continue to make attempts at new technologies in the future?Suggested SummaryBy highlighting two technological crises, i.e. the swaying Millennium Bridge and the crippling Internet, the writer successfully draws the readers' attention to the somewhat embarrassing problems with some new high-tech innovations. The writer argues that these crises are inevitable because the innovations lead us into the unexplored world of science. With a look back on the establishment of theSteamboat Act, the writer indicates that the improvement of any high-tech innovation will go through a long and slow process. Fortunately, we are now able to respond more quickly to the danger of new technologies, and have become increasingly skilled in controlling the crises. In the end, the writer claims with confidence that humans are certain to defeat any catastrophe, and will never stop exploring the unknown technical world.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Instead, he concentrates on how he helped raise Clinton from the dead after the debacle of the 1994 congressional elections. (C)A. disputeB. triumphC. catastropheD. deception2. She is running-running away from a shaking house and a row of wobbling green trees. (B)A. swervingB. swayingC. steeringD. striding3. A total of 252 imported pests have been spotted, of which 174 could wreak havoc on forests. (A)A. inflictB. inflateC. preventD. relieve4. But no evidence suggests that she courted danger for her children as she encouraged their freedom. (B)A. ignoredB. provokedC. flatteredD. avoided5. The report explains the gruesome results the weapons will have on human beings. (D)A. seriousB. furiousC. pleasingD. shocking6. Residents are bracing themselves for further carnage caused by the typhoon. (B)A. cargoB. damageC. suicideD. assassination7. The biggest threats to children's health lurk in the very places that should be the safest-at home, in school and the community. (D)A. fleeB. lureC. sneakD. hide8. Vigilance against collateral environmental damage is crucial to sustainable growth nowadays. (D)A. neglectB. suspicionC. indignationD. caution9. Racism has many forms. It does not solely manifest itself against one particular race. (C)A. testifyB. verifyC. showD. conceal10. The child has a very responsive nature and will soon become fond of you. (A)A. sensitiveB. silentC. introvertD. lively。
一年级英语下册Unit3AttheZoo(第6课时)教案人教PEP版
Unit Three At the zoo第六课时课时内容B. Start to read; Let’s check; Let’s sing.C. Story time课时分析本课时是在基本掌握本单元重点词汇和句型的基础上，进行的练习测试与故事阅读课。
Start to read中，教材展示了四种动物的图片，分别是金鱼、老鼠、狗和熊猫，同时出示了四个句子: It’s small and thin. It’s big and fat. It has a long tail and big eyes. It has a long body and short legs. 学生需要猜一猜这四句分别对应是哪个动物，再说一说，选一选。
这个活动主要检验学生能否正确认读本单元的两个重点句式：It’s…和It has … Let’s check部分包括两个练习活动。
第一个活动为听录音判断正误。
第二个活动为看一看，连一连。
活动提供了一幅猫捉老鼠的图片。
学生需要认真观察图片中动物的特征，并选择与之对应的形容词。
这个活动的目的旨在考查学生对于重点单词的认读和理解。
Let’s sing的歌词内容是在动物园，呈现了cat, rat, monkey, giraffe四种动物，并通过描述他们的活动及特征呈现了单词：fast, fat, short, tall。
学生在学唱歌曲的同时，一方面熟悉了四种动物的名称，另一方面也进一步操练了形容词的使用。
Story time还是我们的老朋友Zoom和Zip之间的故事。
这次，他们两个比谁认识的动物多。
他们边画边说，直到Zoom把猩猩认成了猴子为止。
故事内容极其简单，绝大部分内容都是动物名称的罗列，包括老虎、狮子、狐狸、狼、斑马、马、猩猩和猴子。
这些动物都有相似的地方，在学习故事的时候，要指导学生使用形容词来描述它们的具体特征，以区分这些动物。
此外，还要向学生渗透保护动物的意识和观念。
课时目标1. 能够听懂、会说、认读本单元重点单词。
沪教版八年级英语上册Unit 2综合测试卷含答案
沪教版八年级英语上册Unit 2综合测试卷英语八年级·上（HJ版）时间：120分钟满分：120分第一部分(听力共30分)一、听对话, 选答案(共15小题, 计20分)第一节：(共10小题, 计10分)()1. A. 500 grams. B. 5, 000 grams. C. 50 grams. ()2. A. Italy. B. India. C. China. ()3. A. 486. B. 648. C. 468.()4. A. Nine. B. Nineteen. C. Nineteenth. ()5. A. In 1992. B. In 1982. C. In 1990. ()6. A. For 17 years. B. For 27 years. C. For 7 years. ()7. A. Going to the park.B. Spending time with friends.C. Visiting her grandmother.()8. A. 7：45. B. 8：15. C. 8：45. ()9. A. In a park.B. In a shop.C. In an office.()10. A. About 10 minutes.B. About 20 minutes.C. About 30 minutes.第二节：(共5小题, 计10分)听第11段对话, 回答第11、12小题。
()11. How old is Jenny's sister?A. 26.B. 16.C. 17.()12. What is the age difference between Jenny's brother and sister?A. 9 years.B. 19 years.C. 6 years.听第12段对话, 回答第13至15小题。
()13. How long has Mike been collecting stamps?A. For about 4 years.B. For about 40 years.C. For about 14 years.()14. How many stamps does Mike collect?A. About one hundred.B. About two hundred.C. About three hundred.()15. How many stamps does the girl collect?A. Nearly seven hundred.B. Nearly eight hundred.C. Nearly nine hundred.二、听独白, 填信息(共5小题, 计10分)Many students' opinions on mobile phones：16. It is________ to have a mobile phone.17. They can talk with their parents or ________ at any time.The writer's opinions：18. Many students spend much time in ________ messages and some use them toplay games in class.19. Some students hope to buy the new or ________ mobile phones and it will wastetheir parents' money.20. Mobile phones can also bring many________ problems.第二部分(笔试共90分)三、完形填空(共20小题, 计20分)AWater is the most important of all the things we eat and drink. Not many people understand this but ___21___ quite true. The human body can go without ___22___ for a long time. We've got many examples for this. Yet two ___23___ three days without water can usually make people ___24___. Man can't live __25___ water.Many people don't understand how ___26___ water the human body needs ___27___ work well, and many people, especially young people, do not drink enough, ___28___in very hot weather. Our body is mostly water, about 65% to 75%. That is to say, about two thirds of our body is water. When we do sports, some of the water will get away from our body. ___29___ we don't drink any water, we won't have enough water. And if we don't have enough water, we ___30___ tired and many of us will get ill. So you know how important water is to us.()21. A. it's B. its C. it D. is()22. A. food B. water C. drink D. meat()23. A. so B. and C. but D. or()24. A. to die B. die C. to died D. died()25. A. have B. with C. without D. in()26. A. many B. much C. little D. few()27. A. and B. the C. / D. to()28. A. even B. ever C. almost D. hardly()29. A. If B. For C. Since D. But()30. A. has felt B. felt C. feel D. will feelBA Christmas GiftPiccola lived in Italy. I thought Piccola was a very ___31____name for a little girl but in her country it was not strange at all, andher mother thought it was the sweetest ___32___. Piccola had nokind father, no big brother or sister, and no sweet baby to play___33____. She and her mother ___34____ in an old stone house.They were very poor, and the mother was away from home almost every day, ___35____ clothes for some rich people, and working hard to earn(赚) money for her little girl and herself. Piccola often built houses using a heap of stones in the back yard by ___36____. One day Piccola saw her new neighbor ___37____ a nice pair of shoes. She didn't wear shoes before. And Piccola tried on her shoes. They were ___38____. So she wanted a pair of shoes.But she knew her mother didn't have money to buy the shoes for her. On ___39____ eve, she hoped Santa Claus could give her a nice pair of shoes. And she told her mother about it. Her mother told Piccola that Santa Claus ___40____ every child liked the gift and he had all kinds of gifts. She slept near the chimney so that she could know Santa Claus came and gave her gift. In the morning when Piccola woke up, she found a new pair of shoes near her. How beautiful the shoes were! She liked the gift very much.()31. A. special B. strange C. beautiful D. loud()32. A. food B. screen C. fact D. name()33. A. with B. for C. as D. to()34. A. lived B. touched C. served D. acted()35. A. buying B. selling C. washing D. choosing ()36. A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself ()37. A. having B. dressingC. wearingD. reaching()38. A. pretty B. brightC. cleverD. comfortable()39. A. Thanksgiving B. EasterC. ChristmasD. Halloween()40. A. found B. knewC. feltD. heard四、阅读理解(共15小题, 计20分)第一节：阅读下面A、B、C三篇短文, 从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Unit+6+Survival+Using+language+外研版(2019)选择性必修第二册
Activity
“no matter + 疑问词” ，“疑问词+ever” 可否替换？
让步状语从句：“no matter + 疑问词”，“疑问词+ever”
无论他说什么，都不要相信他。 No matter what he says, don't trust him. Whatever he says, don't trust him. 不管是谁来这个派对，他\她都会收到一份礼物。 Whoever comes to the party, he will receice a gift. No matter who comes to the party, he will receice a gift.
2. How do people and organizations react to these crises?
1 The first one tells of an outbreak of a new disease. The second one reports a heat wave. The third one tells of an oil shortage. The fourth one reports the invasion of foreign species on an island. The fifth one tells of the spreading of a huge fire.
What do you think…? What’s your take on this?
The way I see it, … Personally, I think / believe… I’m quite impressed… What surprises me more is …
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Unit 12 What’s the Differencebetween Boys and Girls?一、参考译文在这现代化充满竞争的世界里，男人和女人都声称不论性别，权利平等。
但是男女生来就是不同的。
一个小女孩拥抱粉红的玩具娃娃，一个小男孩拆卸一辆新买的玩具汽车，这都是本性的流露。
而一个母亲拒绝给女儿买玩具手枪，一个父亲给儿子买肌肉拉力器作为生日礼物，这都很正常。
性别差异的原因是什么呢？文化和不同行为表现间又有什么关系呢？Deborah Blum 一个母亲同样是一个作家，将会给你一个有趣而又科学的分析。
我四岁的儿子想要一个芭比娃娃，望着他充满了期待的眼睛和天使般的面孔，我很疑惑。
有了这个儿子和他的哥哥，我们的房子就如RUS的玩具店一样变成了玩具的仓库。
到处都是肌肉拉力器﹑带着锯齿的恐龙﹑明晃晃的刀剑和漏水的水枪。
抱怨是连绵不绝的----妈妈你不好----在我拒绝给他的弹药库添加新东西时。
我的儿子在某一层面上开始视手枪为家庭必备物件了。
“用牙刷仍它”，他有一次在屋子边上追猫的时候对他的伙伴喊到。
“为什么你想要芭比娃娃呢，亲爱的？”我问道。
“我想把它的头拧下来”。
于是我又一次站在了性别差异的边缘，此时此刻，一个人会知道不同的性别事实上真的是不同的。
我知道，对于我们这一代从小就被灌输中性思想的女性来讲没有比通过抚养孩子来认识男女之间的巨大的性别差异更快的办法了。
“我过去从未干过这个，”一个朋友在他的儿子把土司面包咬成枪的形状的那天说。
“我认为我的女儿有粉红基因”，一个英国记者最近倾诉，她供认说她女儿不仅有很多芭比娃娃，还有与之配套的所有塑料钱包和纤细的高跟鞋。
我并不喜欢柔和的色彩。
我喜欢丛林绿，血红。
我认为有某种原因----某种生物原因------导致了男孩与女孩，男人与女人，男性与女性之间的差别。
我希望，我们可以快点让这种名义上很对的观念——我们的文化很纯粹，孩子们生来都很纯洁。
他们是被周围的成人影响甚至操控的——成为过去。
我们为什么不是男就是女，原因很简单:繁殖使然。
我们生来就一样（呼吸，血液循环）。
我们生来就不一样（产生精子，产生卵子，产奶，或什么都不产）。
内在生物系统——结构上的或习惯上的——产生了这些不同。
这不是全部原因，却是部分原因。
什么时候生物原因初步影响它？文化是什么时候占据了她？从某种意义上来说，在这令人吃惊的人类易变的习俗上，一个人影响另一个人吗？我最喜欢的关于文化对性别的微弱影响例证之一是芭比娃娃VS哥斯拉效益。
结果证明许多男孩想要玩具和一些所谓的“女孩玩具”。
尽管这些孩子不受到鼓励去买这些玩具。
家长在给他们的孩子买与性格不符的玩具时总是很犹豫。
在一份几乎300孩子参与的调查中，研究员发现，如果小男孩们想要一个配有大炮的士兵玩具作为生日礼物，70%会得到满足。
如果他们想要芭比娃娃，或是和芭比娃娃差不多的塑料玩具时，成功率只有40%或更低。
Marc Breedlove,加州大学伯克利分校的营养学家指出：把生物和文化分离就像把头发分离一样。
但是科学家还是想把它分离，他们竭尽全力地在早期发现中去探索。
一些科学家寻找孩子还未出生前的差异，他们争论说文化很难影响到胚胎。
结果证明男胎儿比较好动。
在出生后一年里，对玩具的选择已经很清晰：男婴儿经常被机械性或结构性的玩具所吸引，几个月大的女婴儿倾向于可以用来搂抱的带脸的玩具。
玩的世界——我们倾向于什么玩具，怎样玩——对科学家来说已经成了严肃的问题。
如今关于玩的最热门的理论是：玩是对于成人世界挑战的练习阶段。
专家们告诉我们，通过游戏我们学会如何来权衡竞争，如何（如我们所期望的那样）优雅得体的面对得失，从而使我们更直接的学会与人交朋友。
从科学的角度来说，我们是在学习社会关系。
“玩提供了一种没有生命威胁的来坚持你自己的方式。
”Christine Drea，一个研究人员说，“通过玩，你学会竞争与侵略的技巧。
”我们是群居的种族。
我们发现孤立是有伤害性的，我们承认儿时的玩法折射出了成人的社会结构。
对于人类来说，我们的方式趋向于符合我们的化学特性：男性比女性多产生七到十倍的睾酮。
因此，你可以预言，小男孩会比小女孩更杂乱无章。
对灵长类动物来说，这丝毫不假。
回溯到20世纪70年代末期，Robert Goy，威斯康辛大学的心理学家，首次证明青春期的雄雄猴子比雌猴子玩得更野。
Goy继续表明，如果你操纵睾酮水平——提高雌性睾酮水平——降低雄性睾酮水平——你会得到相反的效果，将会出现温柔的小雄猴和粗野的小雌猴。
我们没有对人类做这种实验。
然而基因变体可以得到很相近的结论。
就如先前提到的，男性睾丸循环水平比女性高。
但是，也有例外，叫做先天性肾上腺增生，这类小女婴的肾上腺突然增加了睾酮。
研究人员发现这类女孩更喜欢卡车、汽车和有侵略性的游戏。
这并不代表她们不加入传统的女孩游戏。
但是如果有选择的话，她们更喜欢在嘈杂的街边玩。
更高的肾上腺分泌水平也产生了另一个特性：竞争性。
事实上，从这点出发，肾上腺几乎是可以预测的。
在比赛前它增长；这可以从每一件事情上测量出来，从棋类比赛到足球比赛到法庭战斗到打架。
如果你赢了，你的肾上腺就保持在这个水平了；如果你输了，它就下降。
科学家认为他扮演的角色就是让你在竞争边缘站起来让你去争取胜利。
甚至在学前，男女孩玩的方式也截然不同。
男孩趋向于聚集在强大的竞争团队里。
他们喜欢玩有很明确的胜利者、失败者和吹嘘者的游戏。
女孩们则聚集在较小的团队里，玩一些没有等级制度或胜利者的游戏。
据我们队3到4岁的儿童的研究发现，男孩和女孩在那么小的年纪就已经学会用不同的方式来解决矛盾——男孩常常采取恫吓的方式，而女孩则往往通过口头协商来达成和解。
也有一些使人生气的关于语言差异的新观点。
最近，EMORY大学的研究员发现，雌性小猴在学习语言技巧时比雄性小猴快。
听上去很熟悉？小雌猴比小雄猴有更强大的联系欲望。
这和她们母亲的荷尔蒙有关。
一些初步测试表明，早在胚胎发育期就在雄激素影响下的雌猴子更像雄猴子。
它们很少用语言来表达自己。
对于人类来说，我们寻找自然的生物变异。
一般来说，女孩比男孩听力更敏锐，监测声音的细小的毛细血管震动得更有力。
这是用来强烈交流的旋律。
似乎有种生物上的东西使得产生卵的动物要求更精锐的交流能力。
当然，也有很多关于个性和习惯的东西并不受睾酮影响。
那么怎么解释假小子——这些充满活力，宁愿选择垒球而不愿意去茶会的女孩子们呢？怎么解释感情丰富，可爱的小男孩——这些远离他们的朋友和兄弟的战争游戏区域——表现出惊人的可爱和害羞的男孩呢？怎么解释冷淡的女人，八卦的男人等等。
简洁的答案是：性别差异是群体差异，总的群体方式差异。
影响我们习性的复杂的基因、荷尔蒙、神经传递素、内在化学物质，人人之间不同并且是可变的。
在人体内的日常生态体系中，没有什么能阻止这样一些现象的发生，例如，爱玩汽车的女孩，爱玩过家家的男孩，积极进取富于竞争力的成年女子和爱呆在家里抚养孩子的男人。
人体生物系统为每一种在固定形式排列组合中的可能个性和性行为预留了空间。
最后，我们行为的表现形式可以影响我们的生态系统。
睾酮和竞争之间的关系式这一点变得非常完美。
是的，公司的律师比部长有更高的睾酮水平。
但是，这里有一个先鸡后蛋，还是先蛋后鸡的问题。
律师生来就有高水平的睾酮吗？或者是职业使然？或者是两者的结合呢？类似的情况也存在于男人与女人中；做高竞争性的工作的女人睾酮水平比那些呆在家里带孩子的男人高。
由生物系统引导的行为没有对错或正常不正常之分。
我们强加在孩子身上的任何套式——广义的说，还有加在成人身上的套式——是纯粹文化的影响而非生物影响。
举例来说，小男孩都很吵闹淘气，我们趋向于在情感上对他们表现得坚硬来使之与他们的个性相符合。
然而科学告诉我们的正好相反。
小男孩，需要更多的感情上的支持。
一项在伯克利大学所做的研究揭示：若母亲沮丧而做事畏惧，最终孩子会缺少爱而智商降低。
Laura Allen,加州大学的营养学家如此解释道：“我认为男孩需要更多的一对一的关注。
我认为爱会改变大脑内荷尔蒙的水平，然后影响整个大脑的个发展。
”伯克利大学的研究和联邦政府的日常关怀研究在女孩子中间发现了一套不同的模式。
女孩们在情感上很坚强不屈——我认为我们大部分人都推导出了这样的结论——女孩们受到限制更容易对健康的发展造成伤害。
是限制使得我们的女儿的智商降低。
男女间真正差异是什么呢？稀有的特例除外，对性别的解剖是简明、孤立的。
但是，性别的化学组成确实是复杂的。
这是个统一体，我认为，在这广义的“正常”范围内，我们可以找到各自的位置。
甚至，我们可以改变自己的位置。
我们可以影响我们孩子的位置----不是强制而是引导。
如果你还在怀疑，我并没有给我儿子买玩具。
这些天，我成长了很多，以至于我不同意让儿子肢解昂贵的玩具。
我让他在快餐的儿童餐的促销产品中挑选了一个按比例缩小的芭比娃娃，而不是玩具汽车。
结果这个娃娃的外表是金属状膏状体，她不可毁灭，令人生厌，我儿子失去了兴趣。
这些天，他喜欢上了画滴血的恐龙。
我？我递给了他红色的蜡笔。
二、文章大意This Passage talk about the differences between boys and girls by an examplePart 1 (P 1-6) An experience from author's daily lifePart 2 (P 7) Give a problem about the topicPart 3 (P 8-14) About the different ways of play between boys and girls and the effects of play Part 4 (P 15-20) The association between the human biology and and the behaviorsPart 5 (P 21-22) Conclusion and author's opinion三、词汇disregard (Int L2)vt. 不管；不顾；不理会；漠视，忽视；蔑视，轻视n. 漠视，忽视；不理，不顾；不尊重gender (Int L2)n.<语>性某些语言的（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等）；性别；某些语言的（名词、代词和形容词）性的区分cuddle (Int L3)vt.& vi. 拥抱，怀抱vi. 依偎着睡n. 搂抱，拥抱disassemble (Int L4)vt. 解开，分解，拆开angelic (P1 L2)adj. 天使的，天国的；（美丽、善良、纯洁等）似天使的warehouse (P2 L2)n. 仓库，货栈；批发商店；福利库vt. 把…放入或存入仓库；把…存入保税仓库；不良安置jagged (P2 L3)adj. 参差不齐的；锯齿状的；粗糙的v. 使成锯齿状（jag的过去式和过去分词）sword (P2 L3)n. 剑，刀；武力，战争；兵权，权力leak (P2 L3)vi. 漏出；透露；（指消息，秘密等）泄密；漏电，漏水vt. 使泄露；<非正式> 擅自公开n. 泄漏，漏洞；裂缝；漏出物；（俚语）撒尿pistol (P2 L3)n. 手枪v. 用手枪射击arsenal (P2 L5)n. 兵工厂，军火库weapon (P2 L5)n. 武器，兵器vi. 武装，提供武器phallic (P2 L6)adj. 生殖器崇拜的；阴茎崇拜的；生殖器的；阴茎的chase (P2 L8)vt. 追捕；追求；追寻；镂刻n. 追捕；打猎；猎物（指鸟兽等）；槽vi. 追逐，追赶；追寻；追求（常与after连用）；[口语] 奔跑neutrality (P5 L4)n. 中立，中立地位，中性；<化>中性confide (P6 L3)vt. 吐露（秘密、心事等）；委托，托付；vi. 吐露秘密；信任，信赖confess (P6 L3)vt.& vi. 承认；聆听（某人的）忏悔（或告罪、告解）；（尤指罗马天主教会）忏悔；悔过vt. 听……忏悔pastel (P6 L6)n. 彩色粉笔，粉蜡笔；彩色粉笔画，蜡笔画；轻淡柔和的色彩adj. 彩色粉笔画的；蜡笔画的；（色彩）淡的，柔和的notion (P7 L1)n. 概念，观念；意见，见解；奇想；打算slate (P7 L2)n. 石板；板岩，页岩；行为记录；石板色，深蓝灰色vt. 用石板瓦盖，用板岩覆盖（例如屋顶）；把……加到竞选者的名单上；安排或指定adj. 石板的；石板色的，深蓝灰色的manipulate (P7 L3)vt. 操作，处理；巧妙地控制；操纵；[医] 推拿，调整reproductively (P7 L4)adv. 复制的；生殖的sperm (P7 L6)n. 精子；精液；鲸蜡油structural (P7 L7)adj. 结构（上）的，构架（上）的；建筑的；构造上的；组织上的startlingly (P7 L10)adv. 惊人地fluid (P7 L10)n. 液体，流体adj. 流体的，流动的，流体的，液体的；易变的，不固定的；（动作、设计、音乐等）流畅优美的alter (P7 L11)vt. 改变；更改；改建（房屋）；（人）变老vi. 改变；修改illustration (P8 L1)n. 说明；例证；图解；插图fine-tune (P8 L1)vt. 调整，使有规则；对…进行微调versus (P8 L2)prep.（表示两队或双方对阵）对；（比较两种不同想法、选择等）与……相对；对抗cannon (P8 L7)n. 大炮；机关炮；榴弹炮；加农炮vi. 与……猛撞；开炮vt. 炮轰peer (P8 L9)vi. 凝视；盯着看；隐退，若隐若现；同等，比得上n. 同辈，同等的人；贵族；同侪，伙伴（此处指同种类的娃娃）adj. 贵族的；（年龄、地位等）同等的；相匹敌的neuroscientist (P9 L1)n. [医]神经科学家：神经科学各分支的专家split (P9 L2)vt. 分裂；分开；<俚>（迅速）离开；分担；分离n. 划分；分歧；裂缝；劈叉vi. <俚>走开；揭发；被撞碎；<美>[证券]（股票）增加发行adj. 裂开的，劈开的，分离的，分裂的analogous (P9 L3)adj. 相似的，可比拟的；<生>同功的；模拟式exhaustively (P9 L4)adv. 用尽一切地；全面的prebirth (P9 L5)v. 性别选择slap (P9 L6)n. 掌掴；掌掴声；侮辱vt. 猛打；用力放置；尖刻批评、侮辱vi. 拍击adv. 直接地；猛然地fetus (P9 L6)n. 胎，胎儿distinct (P9 L8)adj. 明显的，清楚的；卓越的，不寻常的；有区别的；确切的infant (P9 L9)n. 婴儿，幼儿；未成年人；初学者，生手adj. 婴儿的，幼儿的；幼稚的，幼小的；初期的；未成年的gravitate (P10 L1)vi. 受重力作用；被吸引assert (P11 L1)vt. 声称，断言；维护，坚持；坚持自己的主张；生效isolation (P11 L4)n. 隔离；隔离状态；孤独；孤立状态adj. 孤立主义的；孤立主义者的conform (P11 L5)vi. 符合；遵照；适应环境vt. 使遵守；使一致；使顺从adj. 一致的；顺从的testosterone (P11 L7)n. [生化]睾酮；睾丸素（男性荷尔蒙的一种）rough-and-tumble (P11 L8)adj. 杂乱无章的，混乱的n. 混战，扭打realm (P11 L9)n. 领域，范围；王国；（学术的）部门，界；（动植物分布的）圈，带primate (P11 L9)n. 灵长目动物；（英国教会的）大主教；<古>首领；监督长adj. 灵长目动物的；首要的juvenile (P12 L3)adj. 少年的；幼稚的，年少无知的；幼稚的n. 青少年；扮演少年角色的演员；少年读物；羽毛未丰的鸟，雏鸟goy (P12 L3)n. 非犹太人，异邦人，异教徒reverse (P12 L5)vt.& vi.（使）反转；（使）颠倒；掉换，交换；[法]撤消，推翻vi. 倒退；[桥牌]逆叫adj. 反面的；颠倒的；倒开的；[生]倒卷的n. 倒转，反向；[机]回动；倒退；失败variation (P12 L8)n. 变化，变动；变异，演变；变奏曲；变量adrenal (P12 L11)adj. <解>肾上的，肾旁的，肾上腺的gland (P12 L11)n. <解>腺；[机]密封压盖，填料盖inadvertently (P12 L12)adv. 漫不经心地，疏忽地；非故意地；无意中rowdy (P12 L15)adj. 吵闹的；粗暴的n. 凶暴的人；无赖courtroom (P13 L4)n. 法庭，审判室brawl (P13 L5)n. 吵架；打架；喧闹的舞会；乱哄哄的拳赛vi. 打架；争吵；互骂；（流水）哗哗地响vt. 大声喊出；为……争吵bluster (P14 L3)vi. 咆哮，威吓；怒冲冲地说；狂吹，夸口n. 吓唬，怒号；狂风声，巨浪声boast (P14 L4)vt. 自夸，自吹自擂；夸口说；以有……而自豪；自负有n. 夸口，自负；自负的事物，引以为傲的东西；自夸的话；扬言hierarchy (P14 L5)n. [计]分层，层次；等级制度；统治集团；天使的级别或等级provocative (P15 L1)adj. 挑衅的；刺激性的n. 刺激物；兴奋剂verbal (P15 L1)adj. 词语的；言语的；口头的；动词的n. 非谓语动词，非限定动词cooing (P15 L5) v.（鸽）咕咕地叫，发出鸽叫般的声音（coo的现在分词）；温柔可爱地说话prenatal (P15 L6)adj. 出生前的，胎儿期的hormone (P15 L6)n. 荷尔蒙；激素preliminary (P15 L7)adj. 初步的，初级的；预备的；开端的；序言的n. 准备工作；预赛；初步措施；（对学生等的）预考androgen (P15 L7)n.雄性激素（尤指睾酮），雄性荷尔蒙；雄激素fetal (P15 L8)adj. 胎儿的，胎的register (P16 L3)n. 登记，注册；记录；登记薄；自动记录器vt. 登记，注册；（仪表等）指示；表示，表达；（感情）流露vi. 登记，注册；留下印象；完全符合；[印刷]对齐vibrate (P16 L3)vt.& vi.（使）振动[颤动]；摆动；犹豫；激动intense (P16 L4)adj. 热情的，强烈的，紧张的；热烈的，热情的，认真的；[摄]（底片）明暗度强的；有强烈感情（或意见、想法）的notched-down (P16 L6)adj. 不完整的utero (P16 L8)n. 子宫stereotype (P17 L2)n. 陈规旧习，旧规矩；固定的形式；铅版；铅版制版法，铅板印刷vt. 使成陈规；把……浇铸成铅版；使用铅版；使固定tomboy (P17 L3)n.（喜欢玩闹的）女孩，假小子，男孩似的顽皮姑娘exuberant (P17 L3)adj. 生气勃勃的；（活力）充沛的；茂盛的，繁茂的；（词藻）过于华丽的，极度的adv. 生气勃勃地；（活力）充沛地；茂盛地softball (P17 L3)n. 垒球（运动）cuddly (P17 L6)adj. 不由得想搂抱的，可爱的；令人想拥抱的clingy (P17 L6)adj. 易于粘住的，依附的infinity (P17 L7)n. <数>无穷大；无限的时间或空间neurotransmitter (P18 L1)n. 神经传递素nurture (P18 L5)vt. 养育；培育；滋养；培植n. 教养，培育；营养物，食物；环境因素impose (P20 L2)vt.强加；征税；以……欺骗vi. 利用；欺骗；施加影响rambunctious (P20 L4)adj. <美><口>粗暴的，喧闹的equate (P20 L4)vt. 使相等；相当于；等同；视为平等withdrawn (P20 L7) adj. 孤僻的，离群的；偏僻的v. 取回，收回（withdraw的过去分词）one-on-one (P20 L10)n. 面对面daycare (P20 L13)n.日托，幼儿园confinement (P20 L16)n. 监禁，关押；分娩，生产；限制，约束，束缚anatomy (P21 L2)n. 解剖，肢解，分解，分析；（详细的）剖析；（生物体的）解剖结构；骨骼continuum (P21 L4)n. [数]连续统；[经]连续统一体；闭联集；[物]连续区，连续体，统一体dismember (P22 L2)vt. 肢解；割断手足；分割pricey (P22 L2)adj. 价格高的，昂贵的scaled-down (P22 L3) adj.缩小比例的，降低比例的annoyingly (P22 L5)adv. 恼人地，烦人地indestructible (P22 L5)adj. 不能破坏的，不可毁灭的；坚不可摧crayon (P22 L7)n. 彩色蜡笔或粉笔vt.& vi. 用彩色蜡笔[粉笔]画四、短语leak water pistol (P2 L3)射水枪at one point (P2 L5)曾经dream up (P2 L6)虚构出，凭空想出chop off (P4 L1)砍下，砍掉straightforward reason (P7 L4)容易理解的原因analogous to (P9 L3)类似的split hairs (P9 L3)过细划分gravitate toward (P9 L10)倾向，移向assert oneself (P11 L1)让自己自信be responsible for (P13 L1)…的原因in this regard (P13 L3)在这一点上early on (P14 L2)在早期resort to (P14 L5)求助于，依靠preliminary test (P15 L7)初步测试tune for (P16 L3)适合play house (P18 L5)过家家push up (P19 L6)上升equate with (P20 L4)与…平等，等同drive down (P20 L16)下降make books (P22 L6)打赌五、难句理解1. There I was again,standing at the edge（realize）of the great gender of divide（difference）,the place and the moment where one becomes absolutely sure that the opposite sex is,in fact,opposite (P5 L1)2. I think my daughter has a pink（typical特别的，典型的）gene (P6 L3)3. I don’t think in pastels（浅/淡色的）myself.I think jungle-green,blook-red (P6 L5)4. Reproductively,it works. (P7 L4)5. It’s （biology）not all of who we are（不是主要原因，即生物特征不是主要原因）,but it’s a part（是部分原因）. (P7 L8)6. little boy tend to be more rough-and-tumble than little girls. (P11 L8)男生往往比女生更加杂乱无章7. But there are naturally occurring genetic variations（遗传变异）that make closely comparable points（可比较的方面）.(P12 L8)8. we can each find a place within the wide band of ”normal”. (P21 L4)9. I’m too grown up（足够成熟去深入了解）these days to approve of disremembering pricey toys. (P22 L2)。