Sybase whitepaper#
爱普生L3218打印机说明书
Specification Sheet | Page 1 of 2The perfect printer for your home office.Innovative Cartridge-Free Printing — High-capacity ink tanks mean nomore tiny, expensive ink cartridges; Epson’s exclusive EcoFit ® ink bottles make filling easy and worry-freeDramatic Savings on Replacement Ink — Save up to 90% with replacement ink bottles vs. ink cartridges 1 – that’s enough to print up to 7,500 pages black/6,000 color 2, equivalent to about 90 individual ink cartridges 3.Stress-Free Printing — Up to 2 years of ink in the box 4 – and with every replacement ink set – for fewer out of ink frustrationsZero Cartridge Waste — By using an EcoTank printer, you can help reduce the amount of cartridge waste ending up in landfillsImpressive Print Quality — Unique PrecisionCore Heat-Free Technology ™ and Claria ® ET pigment black ink produce extremely sharp text – plus impressive color photos and graphics – on virtually any paper typeRobust Paper Handling — Auto Document Feeder, paper-saving auto 2-sided printing and a 250-sheet paper tray for high productivityBuilt-in Scanner & Copier — High-resolution flatbed scanner and a 2.4"color display for easy document copying and navigationModern Connectivity — Features Ethernet and wireless, plus hands-free voice-activated printing 5. Easily print from your smart device 6 with the intuitive Epson Smart Panel ® App 7Designed for Reliability — Worry-free 2-year limited warranty with registration 8, including full unit replacement/ecotankReplacement ink bottles2YEARLimited Warranty81 Actual savings and costs will vary considerably based on print tasks, print volumes and usage conditions. Savings and cost per ISO page are based on the cost of replacement ink bottles and the cost of enough standard cartridges to achieve the total page yields of the bottles using the MSRP (USD) and yields for Epson ® standard-capacity ink cartridges for similarly featured Epson consumer inkjet printers as of October 2020.All-in-One Cartridge-Free Supertank PrinterWireless | Print | Copy | Scan | EthernetSpecification Sheet | Page 2 of 2Scan Bed Size 8.5" x 11.7"Max. Scan Size (ADF) 8.5" x 14"Scan Features Scan to Computer, Scan to Cloud 9Auto Document Feeder30 sheets: 1-side to 2-side, Max. size: 8.5" x 14"/legalConnectivityStandard Connectivity Hi-Speed USBWi-Fi 4 (802.11 b/g/n)10Ethernet (10/100 Mbps)Wi-Fi Direct ®10Operating SystemsWindows ® 10, Windows 8, 8.1 (32-bit, 64-bit), Windows 7 (32-bit, 64-bit)Mac ® OS X ® 10.6.8 – macOS ® 10.15.x 11Windows Server ®2003 – Windows Server 201912 (32-bit, 64-bit)Approx. 5.3 W (Standby)Approx. 0.9 W (Sleep)Approx. 0.2 W (Power off)Safety ApprovalsSafety standards UL60950, CSA C22.2 No. 60950EMI FCC Part 15 subpart B class B CAN/CSA-CEI/IEC CISPR 22 class B Weight and Dimensions (W x D x H)Printing: 16.4" x 19.8" x 10.0", 417 x 503 x 255 mm Storage: 14.8" x 13.7" x 9.1", 375 x 347 x 231 mm Weight: 14.8 lb, 6.7 kg Packaging Dimensions19.9" x 16.2" x 12.3", 506 x 412 x 313 mm Packaging Weight 16.1 lb, 7.3 kgSpecifications and terms are subject to change without notice. EPSON, EcoTank, Epson ESC/P , Epson Smart Panel and MicroPiezo are registered trademarks, EPSON Exceed Your Vision is a registered logomark and Better Products for a Better Future, Epson Connect, Epson iPrint and PrecisionCore Heat-Free Technology are trademarks of Seiko Epson Corporation. EcoFit is a registered trademark of Epson America, Inc. AirPrint, Apple, Mac, macOS and OS X are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Android is a trademark of Google LLC. Windows, Windows Server and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Wi-Fi ® and Wi-Fi Direct ® are registered trademarks and Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™ is a trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance ®. SmartWay is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. All other product and brand names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Epson disclaims any and all rights in these marks. All other product and brand names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Epson disclaims any and all rights in these marks. Copyright 2021 Epson America, Inc. CPD-61375 6/21All images simulated.† Black and color print speeds are measured in accordance with ISO/IEC 24734. Actual print times will vary based on factors including system configuration, software, and page complexity. For more information, visit /printspeed | †† Black and color copy speeds are determined in accordance with ISO/IEC 29183. Actual copy times will vary based on factors including system configuration and page complexity. For more information, visit /copyspeed | 1 Actual savings and costs will vary considerably based on print tasks, print volumes and usage conditions. Savings and cost per ISO page are based on the cost of replacement ink bottles and the cost of enough standard cartridges to achieve the total page yields of the bottles using the MSRP (USD) and yields for Epson standard-capacity ink cartridges for similarly featured Epson consumer inkjet printers as of May 2021. | 2 Part of the ink from the included bottles is used for initial setup; yields are lower than those of replacement ink bottles. Replacement and included ink bottle yields based on the ISO/IEC 24712 pattern with Epson’s methodology. Actual ink yields will vary considerably for reasons including images printed, print settings, temperature and humidity. Yields may be lower when printing infrequently or predominantly with one ink color. All ink colors are used for printing and printer maintenance, and all colors must be available for printing. For more information, visit /inkinfo | 3 Individualcartridges estimate based on print yields of a replacement set of black and color ink bottles as compared to Epson standard-capacity ink cartridges for similarly featured printers as of May 2021. | 4 Based on average monthly document print volumes of about 200 pages. | 5 See /voice for device compatibility. Epson Connect account and voice-activated account registration required. | 6 Most features require an Internet connection to the printer, as well as an Internet- and/or email-enabled device. For a list of Epson Connect enabled printers andcompatible devices and apps, visit /connect | 7 Requires Epson Smart Panel App download. Data usage fees may apply. | 8 12 months of standard limited warranty or 50,000 plain paper sheets (whichever happens first). For an additional 12-month extended service plan (total of 24 months or 50,000 plain paper sheets, whichever happens first), you must register your product and use Epson genuine ink bottles. See Limited Warranty for details. | 9 Requires an Internet connection, a free Epson Connect account and a destination email address or cloud storage account. For a list of supported cloud services, visit /connect | 10 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED TM ; level of performance subject to the range of the router being used. Wi-Fi Direct may require printer software. | 11 Some applications and/or functions may not be supported under Mac OS X. | 12 Only printing and scanning are supported under Windows Server OS. |13 Monthly duty cycle is the highest duty a user could expect in a month, based on near-constant operation of a device of this kind. It is not recommended that the device be run at this duty. For best device performance, run the device at the recommended duty. | 14 Internet access is required to install OS X drivers and software. | 15 For convenient and reasonable recycling options, visit /recycle | 16 SmartWay is an innovative partnership of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that reduces greenhouse gases and other air pollutants and improves fuel efficiency.Epson America, Inc.3131 Katella Ave., Los Alamitos, CA 90720Epson Canada Limited185 Renfrew Drive, Markham, Ontario L3R 6G3 www.epson.ca/ecotankContact:。
Agilent MicroLab Pharma white paper说明书
OverviewUS FDA Part 11 in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and its EU analog, Eudralex Chapter 4, Annex 11, describe the requirements for electronic records and electronic signatures for regulated pharmaceutical organizations. Released in 1997, 21 CFR Part 11 has been enforced since 1999. The intent of these guidelines is to ensure that all appropriate electronic records areattributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, accurate, and maintained with integrity.This white paper is a resource for users of Agilent MicroLab Pharma(Version 5.2 and later) that couples MicroLab software with Spectroscopy Configuration Manager (SCM) and the Spectroscopy Database Administrator (SDA). It is the responsibility of the user and their organization to ensure that the functionalities provided by this software package MicroLab are used appropriately to achieve compliant operation for laboratory data acquisition and processing. In addition to the technical controls provided by the software, the user organization must establish procedural controls–standard operating procedures (SOPs)–to address relevant nontechnical requirements. For example, controls such as internal audit programs must also be established to ensure that system operators follow the SOPs.Appendix 1 provides a detailed description of how MicroLab Pharma supports users and their organizations in achieving the requirements of each section of 21 CFR Part 11 and the related sections of EU Annex 11. The descriptions assume that system access, including instrument hardware and software, is controlled by the staff responsible for the electronic records contained on the system. Thus, the system is designed as a “closed system” as defined in 21 CFR Part 11.3(b)(4).Support for Title 21 CFR Part 11 and Annex 11 Compliance: Agilent MicroLab Pharma21 CFR Part 1121 CFR Part 11 covers three specific elements of a regulated laboratory’s operation:• Security of electronic records• Attribution of work• Electronic signatures (if used)SecuritySecurity can be interpreted as “the right people, having the right access, to the right information.” Regulated organizations must be able to both verify the identity of system users,and limit system access to trained, authorized individuals (11.10(d), (i) and (g); 11.100(b)). Because laboratory staff have different responsibilities based on their job assignments, data access must be segregated and defined such that certain users have certain types of access to certain data sets, while potentially having different access to other data sets.“Separation of duty, as a security principle, has as its primary objective the prevention of fraud and errors. This objectiveis achieved by disseminating the tasks and associated privileges for a specific business process among multiple users.”Botha, Eloff, IBM Systems Journal (1).Attribution of workAttribution of work refers to documenting the “who, what, when, where, and why?” of work performed. Automated audit trails independently record users’ actions, thus connecting laboratory staff to the work they perform. Audit trail entries enable staff and regulatory inspectors to reconstruct the complete history of an electronic record.• Who: Clearly identifies the person responsible for the particular action that creates, modifies, or deletes arecord.• What: Is the action that took place, including, if applicable, the old value and the new value contained in the record.• When: Unambiguously declares the date and time the action took place.• Where: Clearly identifies the impacted record.• Why: Explains the reason for a change to a regulated record. The reason is often selected from a list ofpre‑defined reasons to provide consistency and to enable searching and sorting of entries.eSignaturesWhile 21 CFR Part 11 does not require the use of eSignatures, it does provide regulations for when they are used. In this case, the system must ensure that eSignatures:• Are irrevocably linked to their respective records• Show the full name of the signer, date, and time, as well as the meaning of, or reason for, the signature (such asreview, approval, responsibility, or authorship)• Are present whenever the signed records are displayed or printedAppendix 1. Satisfying the Requirements Set Forth in US FDA Title 21 CFR Part 11 and Related Global Regulations Using Agilent MicroLab PharmaAppendix 1 table notesColumn oneThe table addresses 21 CFR Part 11 requirements in the order that they are presented in the US FDA reference document. (2) Related requirements such as those found in EU Annex 11 (3) follow each section of Part 11.Column twoFor completeness, column two lists all requirements of21 CFR Part 11 and other related global requirements. “System” refers to the analytical system used to acquire and process data.Most requirements are fulfilled by either technical controls (that is, software functionality) or procedural controls (that is, SOPs). Technical controls are controls providedby the software and, therefore, the software supplier,while procedural controls are the responsibility of the user organization. 21 CFR Part 11 requirements listed in bold are requirements addressed by technical controls. Other global requirements are listed in regular font. Requirements that must be addressed by procedural controls are listed in blue. Column threeSome requirements involve both technical and procedural controls. Responsibilities for each requirement are listed in column three. “S” refers to an analytical system supplier. “U” refers to the user organization. Rows containing requirements that must be exclusively addressed by the user organization are shown in blue. Blue may also indicate technical controls the user will be responsible to implement.23Column sixColumn six explains how the regulatory requirement can be satisfied using the technical controls provided by MicroLab with SCM/SDA. Column six also provides additionalrecommendations for the user organization when relevant.Column fourIf available, and where appropriate, related globalrequirements and comments are provided in column four.Column fiveColumn five indicates with a “yes” or “no” whether the requirement can be satisfied using the technical controls provided in MicroLab with SCM/SDA. N/A is not applicable to the software.1. Validation2. Accurate Copies and Secure Retention and Retrieval of Records42. Accurate Copies and Secure Retention and Retrieval of Records, Continued53. Authorised Access to Systems, Functions, and Data4. Electronic Audit Trail64. Electronic Audit Trail, Continued74. Electronic Audit Trail, Continued5. Operational and Device Checks85. Operational and Device Checks, Continued96. Data Integrity, Date and Time Accuracy7. Control for Open Systems (only applicable for open systems)108. Electronic Signatures – Signature Manifestation and Signature/Record Linking119. Electronic Signatures General Requirements and Signature Componentsand Controls129. Electronic Signatures General Requirements and Signature Componentsand Controls, Continued1310. Controls for Identification Codes and Passwords1411. System Development and Support15/chemAgilent shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.Information, descriptions, and specifications in this publication are subject to change without notice.© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2020 Printed in the USA, February 21, 2020 5991‑6024EN DE. 6388425926References1. R. A. Botha, J. H. P Eloff. “Separation of duties for accesscontrol enforcement in workflow environments” IBM Systems Journal – End-to-end security 40(3), 666‑682 (2001).2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR ‑ Code ofFederal Regulations Title 21. Title 21—Food and Drugs, Chapter I—Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services, Subchapter A—General. Part 11 Electronic Records; Electronics Signatures [Online] https:///scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=11 (accessed January 7, 2020)3. European Commission Health and ConsumersDirectorate‑General. Public Health and Risk Assessment. Pharmaceuticals. EudraLex. The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union. Volume 4. Good Manufacturing Practice. Medicinal Products for Human and Vetrinary Use. Annex 11. Computerised Systems. [Online] https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/files/eudralex/vol‑4/annex11_01‑2011_en.pdf (accessed January 7, 2020)For More InformationFor more information on our products and services, visit our Web site at /chem.。
白皮书：无线阀门操作系统 - 手动阀门和您的工厂：无线阀门自动化的案例说明书
Manual Valves and Your Plant:The Case for Wireless Valve Automation.SafetyBetter ControlRemote ControlFigure 2. Key Drivers for AutomationIn addition to cost, plant owners looking to automate valves also have to deal with the complexity of the procurement process which involves numerous manufacturers and installation and commissioning contractors, delaying the automation process.The Challenges of Manual Valves Problems with Manual ValvesChemical32%Power Generation16%Pulp and Paper14%Refining11%Oil/Gas Production5%3%Mining3%Other Industries16%Figure 3. Respondents by industry, who reported problems with manual valves.FILL: The use of manual valves, with no monitoring can lead to overflows and bad process batches when valves are not shut down on time. The lack of monitoring in manual valves can also mean process variables can compromise the quality of a batch when it is not operated in time.The Advantage of Wireless• Wireless monitoring, control, and automation canoffset the operational challenges without added costs to wiring and installation.IntroductionManual Valves cause plant owners difficulties through low visibility, high operational costs, and lack of flexibility for process control. These challenges may often times not be observable, and the resulting costs go unquantified. Additionally, project managers and engineers know that automation and control project approval faces barriers due to capital investments, and wiring and installation costs.When financial analysis suggests that a project’s cost is still too high, engineers usually compromise further by not automating the operation of valves, an inexpensive solution but leaving the valve “blind” when it comes to knowing the valve position. These limitations can lead to more difficult operations, increasing the risk of spills, possibility of exposing personnel to plant hazards and, faulty batches and discharges which compromise the environment. So how many manual valves are being used in a facility?The average plant contains 5000 valves:Control Automated ManualFigure 1. Typical Plant Valve Distribution• Most of the valves in a plant will be quarter-turn valves- this includes automated valves.•On average, 1-2% of manually-operated valves are automated every year, mostly because of the limitations of manually-operated valves.**The information stated on this material is the result of a recent independent industry survey and is presented for informational purposes only.• Access to real-time monitoring and feedback can provide a valve’s specific position in relationship to the process’ fill activity.• Control room and batch operators can use integrated control logic to automate process and attain batch accuracy.FLUSH: Spills can result from manual flush valves left inthe open position or drain valves not set properly, leading to various process or environmental issues. Discrete valves controlled with a solenoid alone is not as effective as integrating continuous feedback of the valve position. Increase Plant and Environmental Safety with Wireless • Wireless enables fast operation and status feedback.• Determination of valve status in real time allows plant operators to make critical decisions to avoid environmental spills before they occur.DRAIN: Delays in processing caused by waiting for your plant personnel to manually operate or report the status of your drain valves can be cumulative.Improve Plant Efficiency with Wireless• Wireless automation cuts back on lost time and costs by monitoring and implementing your operations from the safety and convenience of your control room.• Wireless reduces the time and cost associated with sending an operator to manually operate a valve. TRANSFER or DUMP: Unwanted variables in the process caused by lack of automation feedback and mechanical switch issues reduce quality and compromise operations and batches. When timing is critical, the risks are even higher. Reduce uncontrolled variables caused by manual operation delays and unreported faulty mechanical operation without increasing installation and maintenance costs with wireless valve automation.Improve Product Consistency and Batch Quality with Wireless• Valve operations can be executed with precise timing reducing variables and increasing batch quality• Determine faulty valves immediately before critical process operations are executed.Traditional ApproachT o fully automate a valve and actuator package, one requires a solenoid, limit switches, input/output points, wi ring, labor, and engineering and procurement capabilities. Lack of standardization arising from multiple vendor components leads to future maintenance issues from ownership of parts replacements, to multiple operation and maintenance standards.Emerson’s wireless solution for valve automation essentially combines solenoid functionality with limit switch feedback into an integrated wireless package further minimizing automation component requirements.Benefits Derived from a Wireless PackageWorker Safety– Wireless control means no more climbing ladders or accessing difficult locations on-site during bad weather or difficult situations.Improve Worker Efficiency– Plant personnel will spend less time moving around operating and monitoring valves. Higher Production Efficiency – Better response time, less downtime, spills and clean up means more time focused on production efficiencies.Reduce Lost Batches – Closed loop control means no human error or lapses from open loop control.Protect the Environment – Incidents that harm the environment cost money and harm a plant’s reputation. Emer son’s wireless Valve Operating System TM (VOS) and Automated V alve Package (A VP) address these challenges. By combining a 4300 series wireless controller, actuator, accessories (for VOS) and valve (for AVP) as a complete kit, Emerson creates value by simplifying the entire procurement process. VOS and AVP assemblies can be installed on-site as a complete unit, fully documented and ready for use. Make the most out of your plant operations today. Visit our VOS and AVP Solutionshere.About the AuthorsDexter Huerto is an Assistant Marketing Manager for Emerson’s Valve Automation for Asia Pacific Region and Charles Khalid S. Rico is a T echnical Writer forValve Automation MARCOM.HandwheelMounting KitMounting KitMounting KitActuatorValve ValveValveControllerWireless - Valve Operating SystemTMWhite PaperWP .WVOS.01 Rev AOctober 2013For complete list of sales and manufacturing sites, please visit/actuationtechnologieslocations or contact us at **************************************World Area Confi guration Centers (WACC) offer sales support, service, inventory and commissioning to our global customers. Choose the WACC or sales offi ce nearest you:NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA 19200 Northwest Freeway Houston TX 77065USAT +1 281 477 4100Av. Hollingsworth325 Iporanga Sorocaba SP 18087-105BrazilT +55 15 3413 8888ASIA PACIFICNo. 9 Gul Road#01-02 Singapore 629361T +65 6777 8211No. 1 Lai Yuan RoadWuqing Development Area Tianjin 301700P. R. ChinaT +86 22 8212 3300MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA P. O. Box 17033Jebel Ali Free Zone DubaiT +971 4 811 8100P. O. Box 10305Jubail 31961Saudi ArabiaT +966 3 340 865024 Angus CrescentLongmeadow Business Estate East P.O. Box 6908 Greenstone1616 Modderfontein Extension 5South AfricaT +27 11 451 3700EUROPEHolland Fasor 6Székesfehérvár 8000HungaryT +36 22 53 09 50Strada Biffi 16529017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC)ItalyT +39 0523 944 411/bettis©2018 Emerson. All rights reserved.The Emerson logo is a trademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. Bettis TM is a mark of one of the Emerson family of companies. All other marks are property of their respective owners.The contents of this publication are presented for information purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed as warranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their use or applicability. All sales are governed by our terms and conditions, which are available on request. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specifications of our products at any time without notice.。
美国赛斯saes getter -white paper
Purity & Innovation3THE SAES GETTERS GROUP IS THE WORLD LEADER IN A VARIETY OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS WHERE STRINGENT VACUUM CONDITIONS OR ULTRA-HIGH PURITY GASES ARE REQUIRED.BRINGING A WEALTH OF EXPERIENCE IN SPECIAL METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE TO THE NEEDS OF THE ADVANCED MATERIAL INDUSTRY IS OUR NEW CHALLENGE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY.41947SAES, Società Apparecchi Elettrici e Scientifici based in Milan (Italy), beco-mes operative through investments byfamilies della Porta and Canale.1951Development of the first stablebarium-aluminum alloy.Pioneering the development of the getter technology, the SAES®Getters Group is the world leader in a variety of scientific and industrial applications where stringent vacuum conditions or ultra-high purity gases are required.For nearly sixty years, our getter solutions have been fostering and supporting technological innovation in the information display and lamp industries, in ultra-high vacuum systems, in a wide range of electronic device-based applications, and in the vacuum thermal insulation. The Group also delivers solutions for ultra-high purity gas handling to the semiconductor, fiber optics and otherhi-tech markets.Bringing a wealth of experience in special metallurgy and material science to the needs of the advanced material industry is our new challenge for the 21st century.We broaden our vision and keep on supporting your innovation. By nature.By leveraging the core competencies in special metallurgy, material science and thermal processes, the SAES Getters Group broadens its corporate vision and expands its business in the advanced material niche markets, with the introduction of:advanced optical crystals for the optoelectronic device and solid-state laser marketsshape memory alloys for components primarily used in the automotive, transportation and domotics industries metalorganic materials for chemical vapor deposition getters for MEMS/MOEMS and microelectronic hermetically packaged devicesAn outstanding Research & Development structure, based at the Group’s headquarters near Milan, Italy, is committed to technological excellence and keeps the Group at the forefront in innovation.A total production capacity distributed at 8 manufacturing plants spanning across 3 continents, a worldwide-based sales & service network, nearly 1,000 employees allow the Group to combine multicultural resources, skills and expertise to form a truly global enterprise, capable to best support customers around the world, 24 hours a day.SAES Getters has been listed on the Italian Stock Exchange Market, Star Segment, since 1986.Purity by Tradition, Innovation by Nature56Our VisionSAES Getters Group’s vision is to be the leading globalsupplier of advanced materials to niche markets characterized by high growth potential in the high-tech business segments.By leveraging our:sixty-year corporate culture of Research & Development and manufacturing excellenceworldwide leadership in the traditional getter-based application fieldscommitment to product and process qualitysound financial position and business integritythe SAES Getters Group is uniquely positioned to offer competitive advantages to the advanced material markets, as well as to support customers’ innovation and productivity enhancement through the provision oftechnological value.1958New headquarters and a firstmass-production plant are openedin Milan.1966Launch of Total Yield Flash Getters,extending color TV tube lifetime from 300 to 10,000 hours.Our Strategy SAES Getters Group’s business strategy builds on the following foundations:expanding our business portfolio and market leadership, through the development of new products within core competence areas pursuing the Group’s growth through selected acquisitions and strategic business partnerships fostering long-term business relationships with the ultimate goal to generate value for our customers, while enhancing the Group’s technological expertise and market competitiveness focusing on customer global support and satisfaction, maximizing quality and production efficiency through vertical integration, improved operational performance and attentive investment strategy committing to long-term success and stability, while practicing an ethic of responsibility and transparency towards stakeholders 7A Global Presence9Cologne GERMANY Daventry GREAT BRITAINCleveland OH – USA Colorado Springs CO – USA San Luis Obispo CA - USASAES Getters S.p.A.Group Headquarters Viale Italia 7720020 Lainate (Milan) - Italy Ph. +39 02 93178 1Fax +39 02 93178 320info @ 10Nanjing CHINASeoul KOREAMoscow RUSSIAShanghai CHINATokyo JAPANJincheon-kun KOREAAvezzano (AQ)ITALYSINGAPORE1112UNITED STATESSAES Getters USA, Inc.1122 East Cheyenne Mountain Blvd.Colorado Springs, CO 80906Ph. +1 719 576 3200 - Fax +1 719 576 5025susa@SAES Pure Gas, Inc.4175 Santa Fe RoadSan Luis Obispo, CA 93401Ph. +1 805 541 9299 - Fax +1 805 541 9399spg@EUROPESAES Getters S.p.A.Viale Italia 7720020 Lainate (Milan) - ItalyPh. +39 02 93178 1 - Fax +39 02 93178 320info@SAES Getters (Deutschland) GmbHGerolsteiner Strasse 1D 50937 Cologne - GermanyPh. +49 221 944 0750 - Fax +49 221 944 0754saesgermany@SAES Getters (GB) Ltd.Heritage House - Vicar LaneDaventry NN11 5AA - Great BritainPh. +44 1327 310777 - Fax +44 1327 310555saesgb@SAES Getters S.p.A. - Moscow Representative Office45, 24/2 Usievitch Street125315 Moscow - RussiaPh./Fax +7 095 7241228saesgetters@mtu-net.ruASIANanjing SAES Huadong Getters Co., Ltd.56 Xingangdadao, XinshengweiNanjing Economic & Technical Development ZoneNanjing 210038, Jiangsu Province - P.R. of ChinaPh. +86 25 8580 2335 - Fax +86 25 8580 1639saeschina@SAES Getters Technical Service Shanghai Co., Ltd.No. 415 Guo Shou Jing RoadZhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New AreaShanghai 201203 - P.R. of ChinaPh. +86 21 5080 3434 - Fax +86 21 5080 3008saeschina@SAES Getters S.p.A. - Shanghai Representative OfficeNo. 415 Guo Shou Jing RoadZhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New AreaShanghai 201203 - P.R. of ChinaPh. +86 21 5080 3434 - Fax +86 21 5080 3005saeschina@SAES Getters Singapore PTE, Ltd.6 Temasek BoulevardSuntec Tower Four #41-06Singapore 038986Ph. +65 6887 3343 - Fax +65 6887 3445saessingapore@SAES Getters Korea Corporation13th FL. Shinil B/D, 143-39Samsung-dong, Kangnam-kuSeoul 135-090 - KoreaPh. +82 2 3404 2400 - Fax +82 2 3452 4510www.saesgetters.co.krsaeskorea@SAES Getters Japan Co., Ltd.2nd Gotanda Fujikoshi Bldg.23-1 Higashi Gotanda 5-Chome, Shinagawa-kuTokyo 141 - JapanPh. +81 3 542 00431 - Fax +81 3 542 00438www.saesgetters.jpsaesjapan@Sales & Service Locations1970-79SAES Getters establishes sales subsidia-ries in Europe to fulfill the growing mar-ket demand.1973The new Japanese sales subsidiary is inaugurated in Tokyo.Manufacturing LocationsUNITED STATESSAES Getters USA, Inc.1122 East Cheyenne Mountain Blvd.Colorado Springs, CO 80906Ph. +1 719 576 3200 - Fax +1 719 576 50255604 Valley Belt RoadIndependence Cleveland, OH 44131Ph. +1 216 661 8488 - Fax +1 216 661 8796SAES Pure Gas, Inc.4175 Santa Fe RoadSan Luis Obispo, CA 93401Ph. +1 805 541 9299 - Fax +1 805 541 9399EUROPESAES Getters S.p.A.Viale Italia 7720020 Lainate (Milan) - ItalyPh. +39 02 93178 1 - Fax +39 02 93178 320SAES Advanced Technologies S.p.A. Nucleo Industriale67051 Avezzano (AQ) - ItalyPh. +39 0863 4951 - Fax +39 0863 495530ASIANanjing SAES Huadong Getters Co., Ltd.56 Xingangdadao, XinshengweiNanjing Economic & Technical Development Zone Nanjing 210038, Jiangsu Province - P .R. of China Ph. +86 25 8580 2335 - Fax +86 25 8580 1639SAES Getters Technical Service Shanghai Co., Ltd.No. 415 Guo Shou Jing RoadZhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 - P .R. of ChinaPh. +86 21 5080 3434 - Fax +86 21 5080 3008SAES Getters Korea Corporation 256-6, Okdong-ri, Ducksan-myun Jincheon-kun, Chungbuk-do - KoreaPh. +82 43 537 6000 - Fax +82 43 537 600813Research & Innovation1516THE HISTORY OF SAES GETTERS PROVES HOW INNOVATION AND HIGH QUALITY R&D FUEL ALL COMPANY’S ACTIVITIES. FOR SAES’ SCIENTISTS INNOVATION IS A MIND SET. THROUGH TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIPS AND ALLIANCES, THE SAES GETTERS GROUP HAS BEEN ABLE TO SUPPORT CUSTOMERS’ CUTTING-EDGE APPLICATIONS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHL Y INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE LAST 60 YEARS.1977SAES Getters opens SAES GettersU.S.A. Inc. at Colorado Springs, CO, itsfirst US sales and manufacturing facility.1981Development of low activation tempera-ture alloys for use in vacuum bottles and other vacuum insulated devices.The speed of the technological evolution that has characterized the last century and that is going toaccompany our lives in the new millennium requires a total commitment to innovation. The history of SAES Getters proves how innovation and high quality R&D fuel all company’s activities.For SAES’ scientists innovation is a mind set. They are challenged by customers’ requests, real market innovators,and are supported by a management policy that every year allocates approximately 8% of sales revenues to research and development activities.In the new facility in Lainate, in the Milan area, corporate laboratories cover an area of 3,300 square meters, where nearly 100 people are daily committed to investigate problems, develop proposals and test solutions using highly advanced instrumentation and mathematical modeling.Innovation at SAES is treated as a complex process that starts with the idea conception and ends with the launch of the related products onto the market.The innovation process takes place in the frame of our Research & Innovation function which includes, besides the Research department, also the Process Technology and Engineering departments.In order to better focus its Research & Innovation activities,the SAES Getters Group has recently adopted the Stage-Gate ®approach for the management of innovation projects, which enables a more effective utilization of resources through a structured screening of the new projects and of their development.The Group founds its business on competencies that have been acquired in sixty years of activity. The deep knowledge of special metallurgy and vacuum technology paved the way for broader competencies in material science and interests in advanced material applications.These, coupled with the understanding of the gas-surface interaction, and the know-how in UHP gas purification and analysis represent the core and the strength of SAES’capabilities.A deep understanding of the market needs guides SAES’R&I and the researchers and scientists highly value continuous relationships with industry key players. Not only is this essential to develop the right product with the required features: through technology partnerships and alliances, the SAES Getters Group has been able to support customers’ cutting-edge applications with the development of highly innovative solutions.The over 330 technologies patented during its entire business activity and the hundreds of scientific publications confirm SAES Getters’ continuous and unfalteringcommitment to innovation, as well as testify to a corporate policy firmly oriented to a strong intellectual property protection.At the Heart of SAES’ Excellence17Special MetallurgySAES’ skills in metallurgy stem from a scientific approach followed by the company in developing and characterizing getter alloys based on reactive metals. The skills include key aspects, such as the mastering of alloy melting techniques,the understanding of compositional and micro structural aspects of alloys, powder handling and characterization, as well as contamination related issues.Material ScienceThe deep understanding of special metallurgy and powder metallurgy developed into a more comprehensive and deeper knowledge in material science. This prompted SAES to expand its interests into new advanced materialdevelopments and applications, such as advanced optical crystals, shape memory alloys and metalorganic precursors for chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD).18The understanding of gas-surface interaction phenomena has guided SAES to advanced tailor-made getters and to catalytic materials for environmental applications.Getter Film DepositionThe increased miniaturization of flat displays and electronic devices called for thinner gettering solutions and SAES Getters has responded by offering porous getter filmsdeposited on different substrates through a proprietary sintering process.Our Core CompetenciesThe innovation process at the SAES Getters Group founds its solid basis on core competencies developed in a6-decade long activity, during which SAES Laboratories have become a center of excellence for material science and have developed an unparalleled know-how in ultra-high vacuum technology, gas-surface interaction and gas purification and analysis. These specific competencies, supported by strong technical capabilities in mechanical engineering, electronics and process simulation, allow the Group to offer premium solutions for highly technological markets. SAES’ productapplications span from the display industry, in all its forms from conventional cathode ray tubes to the new generations offlat displays, to the manufacturing of components used in several and diversified electronic devices ranging from x-ray tubes to wafer-level MEMS, from applications in particle accelerators and in large vacuum systems for physical experiments to solutions supporting the lamp, semiconductor, optoelectronic and automotive industries.1984The Avezzano industrial complex is esta-blished near Rome, for vertical integra-tion and quality control of all getter alloys used for the production of evaporable and non-evaporable getters.1987Acquisition of SAES Pure Gas Inc. in San Luis Obispo, California, a leading com-pany in the engineering and manufactu-ring of bulk and point-of-use gas purifiers for the semiconductor industry and other high-tech markets.Ultra-High Vacuum TechnologyCreating and maintaining ultra-high vacuum in a variety of systems pose challenges that only a deep knowledge of the various facets of vacuum science and technology can overcome. Thanks to its wealth of experience and to sixty years of leadership in vacuum related products, the SAES Getters Group can offer an all-round approach: the development of getter pumps adds up to the know-how built in the selection of materials and components, the evaluation of the outgassing and permeation and the vacuum system engineering.Gas-Surface InteractionThe deep understanding of the gas-surface phenomena has played a fundamental role in the optimization of the getter alloys and it has also allowed the development of special catalysts addressed to gas purification for the demanding semiconductor industry and to environmental applications.Chemical and Physical AnalysisA key point in understanding the material properties is their characterization via chemical and physical analysis. Thecapability to carry out the complete series of tests in-house guarantees SAES Getters’ on-time and highly reliable results. Among the wide range of tests available at SAES Labs are: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry,Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy.Gas PurificationThe knowledge of the kinetics of the gas-surface interaction and of the bulk diffusion mechanism of getter materials has been instrumental in the development of the gas purification business. SAES Getters researchers and engineers have a wealth of expertise in designing and assembling ultra-high purity systems, suitable to handle gases whose purity is better than 1 part-per-billion of atmospheric contaminants.Gas AnalysisSAES Labs have built up a long tradition of competencies in trace gas analyses, which started with the widespread use of various types of mass spectrometers to analyze the residual gases in vacuum devices. Residual gas analysis techniques have been specifically studied andimplemented not only for conventional vacuum systems,but also to cope with the increasing miniaturization of thevolumes to be analyzed, as in the case of OLED and MEMS devices.1920While it is widely recognized that the introduction of newproducts has an increasingly greater importance on sales aswell as on profits, specialized literature reports that onlyone in seven new projects delivers successful products.Thanks to its superior technology and to the sharpfocalization on customers’ future needs, the SAES GettersGroup has always enjoyed market success in thedevelopment and introduction of new products.To continue this tradition in a market environment which ischaracterized by increasing complexity and rapidtechnological changes, SAES Getters has recently updatedand implemented a more formalized process to select andrun new projects in the frame of the R&I function.The new product development (NPD) process is based onthe Stage-Gate methodology. This approach helps identify,organize, deploy and control the steps necessary to ensurethe effective and efficient implementation of new projects,with the ultimate goal to improve the chances for productsuccess and reduce time-to-market.Particularly, the innovation process articulates in a string ofphases of activities (stages) and of assessments anddecisions (gates). The project selection process is basedon criteria aimed at maximizing the chance of success bydeep assessment of a number of technical, economical andstrategic parameters.Key principles of SAES Getters’ adoption of the Stage-Gatemethodology are:production of superior, differentiated productscontinual interaction with customers and usersthroughout the development processsolid planning and sharp, early product definition beforedevelopment beginscross-functional effort and empowered project leadersand teamstough go/kill decisions at the gates to focus resources onthe most promising projectsfacilitation of clear project prioritization and resourceallocationThe Stage-Gate NPD process requires the contributionof different functions within the Group, from researchto engineering, from intellectual property protectionto marketing, supervised by a steering committee.A dedicated resource, the multi-project portfolio manager,coordinates the entire process and ensures it is evenly,correctly and timely carried out.The SAES Getters Group values the implementation of thisnew innovation management system as a great asset tocontinue the successful tradition in product innovation thathas distinguished the company throughout its entirebusiness history.Advancing the Management of Innovation1990First development of industrial purifiers(point-of-use, area and larger sizes),based on special getter alloys and cataly-tic materials, for purification of processgases to meet semiconductor manufac-turing requirements.1994Launch of high capacity non-evaporable getter pumps using newly developed sin-tered blades and disks, to improve mechanical characteristics and pumpingspeeds.1995Opening of the SAES Getters Shanghairepresentative office and of theSingapore sales subsidiary.In an increasingly competitive knowledge-based economy where intangible assets, such as brand awareness and innovation, have become keys to the corporate success, intellectual property protection plays a fundamental role. The SAES Getters Group has regarded its intellectual property as a strategic asset since its business inception and has always had an active role in managing the intellectual capital with dedicated resources.Key activities of SAES Intellectual Property department are the support during the patent approval process, as well as the obtainment of trademark registrations; the continuous monitoring of the new patents, released both in SAES’traditional application fields as well as in the new areas of business that the company is evaluating; and the technical assistance during litigation for an effective legal protection of the company’s rights.If the number of patents is an indication of the capability to innovate, SAES Getters can surely be proud of the over 330 inventions - including products and processes - that have been patented by the company in its sixty years of activity. The chart on the side, providing at-a-glance breakdown of the innovations patented for each business segment, shows how significantly the Group has contributed to a variety of application fields through the provision of innovative and competitive technological solutions. Intellectual Property: a Competitive AssetAlloys & GetteringDisplaysLampsVacuum InsulationGetter Pumps Gas Purification & Analysis Semiconductor TechnologyCatalysisOther12,12%27,58%5,76%10,61%5,45%19,09%3,33%2,42%13,64%21Quality, Environment, Safety and Ethics2324SAES GETTERS STRIVES TO PROVIDE CUSTOMERS WITH HI-TECH TOP QUALITY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. THE GROUP’S FOCUS ON THE STRATEGIC VALUE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ALSO RESULTS IN VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESSES. THIS ALLOWS SAES GETTERS TO OPTIMIZE PRO-DUCT QUALITY WHILE FACILITATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE PRO-DUCTS AND PROCESSES WHICH ARE RESPECTFUL OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION.1996The Group’s headquarters and laborato-ries move to a new 15,000 sq. mt. faci-lity in Lainate, in the Milan area.1996Development of High Porosity Thin Film (HPTF) getters, for field emission dis-plays and for application in a wide range of electronic devices.To ensure continuous product improvement and strong market leadership, the SAES Getters Group remains loyal to its traditional core values and is committed to building an integrated Quality, Environment, Safety and Ethics Management System.The Group is certified under the UNI EN ISO9001:2000Quality Management System, with corporate certification covering all the manufacturing facilities.Quality excellence at SAES Getters results in vertical integration of production processes. This allows the Group to optimize product quality and to apply a close cost control policy, while facilitating the development of innovative products and processes, which are respectful of the environment and of natural resources conservation. The process approach is another distinctive mark of the Group’s Quality Management System. Structuring activities and related resources as a value-added process leads to improved performance, to consistent results and to the determination of clear responsibility in the managing of key activities.The evaluation of risks, consequences and impact of activities on stakeholders, as well as a more effective human resources management can also be more consistently achieved through process-structured activity.SAES Getters’ focus on the strategic value of total quality management shows in the continuous and attentive control of customer satisfaction, through adequate performance monitoring tools, and in the responsive implementation of proactive quality policies based on the analysis results.The SAES Getters Group recognizes that the protection of the global environment is an essential social duty for all human beings in the 21st century and that a substantial role needs to be played for the conservation of Earth resources.The Group is aware that all industrial activities, products and services may have a potential impact on theenvironment and, for this reason, strives to achieve a sound and consistent environmental performance for all its products and processes.All SAES Getters’ companies are committed to developing advanced products that exhibit safe andenvironment-friendly features by restricting the use of environmentally hazardous substances in products,encouraging a responsible exploitation of all natural resources and promoting projects for waste material recycling.To confirm SAES Getters’ efforts in preventing pollution and minimizing environment impacts, while still pursuing the continual improvement of their business performance, the following Group's manufacturing facilities have been ISO14001 certified: SAES Getters S.p.A. in Lainate (Milan),Italy; SAES Advanced Technologies S.p.A. in Avezzano, AQ,Italy; SAES Getters Korea Corporation in Jincheon-kun,Korea; and Nanjing SAES Huadong Getters Co. Ltd. in Nanjing, P .R. of China.We Care: an Integrated Management System 25Innovative Business Solutions2728SAES GETTERS’ PRODUCT LINES BASED ON THE EXPLOITATION OF THE PRO-PRIETARY GAS-SURFACE INTERACTION TECHNOLOGIES, TYPICALL Y USED IN VACUUM APPLICATIONS AND FOR ULTRA-HIGH PURITY GAS HANDLING, ARE OPE-RATED THROUGH TWO BUSINESS UNITS, THE INFORMATION DISPLAYS AND THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS UNITS.THE SIX BUSINESS AREAS UNDERL YING THIS STRUCTURE ARE COMMITTED TO ENSURING THE BEST CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN SPECIFIC MARKET SEG-MENTS, WITH THE SUPPORT OF A SALES & SERVICE GLOBAL NETWORK DISTRI-BUTED ACROSS EUROPE, AMERICA AND ASIA.1998SAES Getters Technical Service Co. Ltd.is formed in Shanghai, China, and loca-ted in the Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park,to best address the increasing technicalrequirements of the Chinese semicon-ductor and high-tech markets.1999Introduction of the St 787 series, non-evaporable getters capable of withstan-ding lamp manufacturing critical condi-tions and to deliver improved safety and ecological content.Information Displays Business Unit Cathode Ray TubesSAES Getters is the Color Cathode Ray Tube (CCRT) and Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) industry's worldwide leading provider of evaporable getters. With three manufacturing plants located in Italy, China and Korea exceeding an overall yearly production capacity of 250 million pieces, for the last 30 years SAES Getters has been unanimously recognized as the number one getter supplier for all kinds of cathode ray tubes. Excellent quality, extremely wide product portfolio, vertical integration and a worldwide logistic network are the key factors that motivate customers to choose SAES Getters not only as a supplier, but as a strategic business partner.Flat Panel DisplaysA strategic supplier of technology innovation for the flat panel display industry, SAES Getters offers solutions that meet the most severe requirements in terms of vacuum maintenance, impurity removal and controlled mercury release in cold cathode fluorescent lamps for LCDbacklighting. SAES’ evaporable and non-evaporable getters,desiccants, alkali metal sources and mercury dispensers support most of the cutting-edge flat panel developments –including Plasma displays, Field Emission Displays (FEDs),Vacuum Fluorescent Displays (VFDs) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays – by delivering the highest display efficiency and lifetime extension.2930Industrial Applications Business Unit2002Launch of IntegraTorr, an innovative non-evaporable getter (NEG) pumping solu-tion for particle accelerator vacuumchambers, developed by CERN and bran-ded by SAES Getters under a licenseagreement.LampsThe leading supplier of high quality, innovativenon-evaporable getters (NEG) and metal dispensing products, SAES Getters fully addresses and solves many key issues of the lamp industry related to vacuum purity maintenance, filling-gas purity and lamp processing for street, industrial and commercial lighting.SAES’ advanced mercury dispensers for fluorescent lamps support the most important lamp manufacturers worldwide in fully complying with stringent mercury dosing regulations, thus ensuring minimal environmental impact.Electronic DevicesThis Business Area offers solutions for an extremely wide and diversified range of electronic devices, whose functioning requires either vacuum or a high purity rare gas atmosphere to operate, and it addresses several different market segments: avionics, medical, security & defense, telecommunications and automotive. Applications of its sintered porous NEG products span from mature electron tubes to detectors and sensors, while the alkali metal dispenser product line fulfills the needs of the photosensitive device industry.。
MES基本知识介绍
制造执行系统 (manufacturing execution system，简称MES）是美国AMR公司(Advanced Manufacturing Research，Inc．)在90年代初提出的，旨在加强MRP计划的执行功能，把MRP计划同车间作业现场控制，通过执行系统联系起来。
这里的现场控制包括PLC程控器、数据采集器、条形码、各种计量及检测仪器、机械手等。
MES系统设臵了必要的接口，与提供生产现场控制设施的厂商建立合作关系。
MESMES即制造执行系统，能通过信息传递，对从订单下达到产品完成的整个生产过程进行优化管理。
当工厂中有实时事件发生时，MES能对此及时作出反应、报告，并用当前准确的数据对它们进行约束和处理。
这种对状态变化的迅速响应使得MES能够减少企业内部那些没有附加值的活动，有效地指导工厂的生产运作，同时提高了工厂及时交货的能力、改善了物料的流通性能，提高生产回报率。
MES还能通过双向的直接通讯在企业内部和整个产品供应链中提供有关生产行为的关键任务信息。
MES概述MES是在40年代由美国先进制造研究机构AMR （AdvancedManufacturingResearch）通过对大量企业的调查提出的，认为制造业应该用三层模型（3rd-layer-model）表示信息化（如图1所示），将位于计划层和控制层的中间位臵的执行层叫做MES，MES 处于企业计划系统（ERP/SCM）和过程控制系统（PCS）的中间位臵。
ERP作为业务管理系统，DCS/PLC作为控制系统，而MES则作为生产执行系统与上层ERP等业务系统和底层DCS等生产设备控制系统一起构成企业的神经系统，把业务计划的指令传达到生产现场，将生产现场的信息及时收集、上传和处理。
MES作为上、下两个层次之间双方信息的传递系统，是连结现场层和经营层，改善生产经营效益的前沿系统。
图1AMR1992年提出的三层模型MES是在公司的整个资源按其经营目标进行管理时，为公司提供实现执行目标的执行手段。
赛门NBU白皮书
WHITE PAPER: ANATOMY OF A DATA BREACH Mayur Dewaikar高级产品经理赛门铁克公司信息管理团队WHITE PAPER: NEXT GENERATION DATA PROTECTION WITH NETBACKUP 7Symantec NetBackup™ 7提供新一代数据保护Symantec NetBackup™ 7 提供新一代数据保护目录摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 NetBackup 7 的主要功能 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2内部重复数据删除 (2)NetBackup 客户端重复数据删除功能. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 NetBackup 介质服务器重复数据删除功能. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 OpenStorage 重复数据删除硬件设备. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4虚拟机保护既全面又简单. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4通过 OpsCenter 和 OpsCenter Analytics 实现集中管理和报告功能. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6高级灾难恢复. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 NetBackup 7 的其他重要功能. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8结论. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8摘要当今 IT 企业在保护其环境中的数据方面面临多重挑战。
ESD系统 黑马ESD系统资料 Chapter 7,8,9_ch
3.3 PES H41q-HRS
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3.3.1 系统结构 ··································································································· 17 3.3.2 中央模件 F8652A ······················································································ 17 3.3.3 协处理器模件 F8621A ··············································································· 19 3.3.4 通讯模件 ··································································································· 19 3.3.5 机械结构与设计························································································· 19 3.3.6 24 伏直流供电 ··························································································· 19 3.3.7 5 伏直流供电 ····························································································· 20 3.3.8 I/O 总线 ····································································································· 20 3.3.9 安全停车（Safety Shutdown） ································································· 20 3.4 输入/输出级 ········································································································· 21 3.4.1 24 伏直流供电 ··························································································· 21 3.4.2 I/O 模件 ····································································································· 21 3.4.3 (Ex)i 模件 ··································································································· 21
白盒测试工具Pclint
PCLint的特点
全面覆盖
PCLint能够全面覆盖C和C语言的语 法和语义，检测各种类型的错误和缺 陷。
高精度
PCLint采用先进的静态分析技术，能 够准确地识别代码中的问题，减少误 报和漏报。
可定制
白盒测试工具PCLint
目 录
• PCLint简介 • PCLint的安装与配置 • PCLint的使用方法 • PCLint的常见问题与解决方案 • PCLint与其他白盒测试工具的比较 • PCLint的发展趋势与未来展望
01
PCLint简介
什么是PCLint
PCLint是一款白盒测试工具，用于对 C和C代码进行静态分析，以发现潜在 的缺陷、漏洞和不符合编码标准的代 码。
03
支持更多编程语言
为了满足更广泛的需求，PCLint将逐 步支持更多的编程语言，包括新兴的 编程语言和跨平台语言。
PCLint与其他技术的结合应用
与测试框架集成
PCLint将与主流的测试框架（如JUnit、TestNG等）紧密集成，实 现测试与代码分析的无缝对接。
与版本控制系统协作
通过与版本控制系统（如Git、SVN等）集成，PCLint将能够跟踪 代码变更，为开发者提供更准确的代码分析报告。
指定输出目录，用于存放PCLint生成的测试报告和覆盖率文件。
report-junit
生成JUnit格式的测试报告，便于集成到CI/CD工具中。
PCLint的测试用例编写
编写测试用例时，需要遵循一定的命名规范，例如使用“test_”作为前缀 ，以便于识别和组织测试用例。
测试用例应针对待测试的源代码中的函数、类或模块进行编写，确保覆盖 所有重要的功能和边界条件。
各种纸类中英对照 (2)
以下是各种纸的中英文对照单铜纸：C1S art paper or C1S art board双灰板：Grey board铜版纸：Coated Art Paper(or Board)/glossy coated paper/SBS(Solid Bleached Sulfate): C1S(coated one side单铜纸)和C2S(coated two sides双铜纸)。
根据表面涂布效果分为Matte(哑光纸)和Glossy(光面纸)。
哑粉纸: Matt Art paper双胶纸：wood free paper包装纸：Tissue双白纸：CCWB：clay coated white back灰底白板纸：Grey back board（GB）可移性贴纸：removable sticker银锑咭纸：金/银：Foil paper：gold / silver单坑（B-坑/E坑）：Single Corrugated双坑：Double Corrugated灰底白板纸板：CCNB(Clay Coated News Back)牛底白板纸板：CCKB(Clay Coated Kraft Back)白底灰芯纸板：CCWB(Clay Coated W te Back)平板瓦楞纸：corrugated board西卡纸：Bristol board再生牛卡（test liner）原生牛卡（virgin Kraft liner board）涂布的白面牛卡（coated white-top KLB）废纸挂面纸板Test liner涂布的白面牛卡(coated white-top KLB)纯牛卡：Kraft liner(KL)仿牛卡/挂面仿牛卡：Test liner(TL)面纸：outer liner芯纸：inside liner瓦楞芯纸：Medium表面蜡质瓦楞纸箱：WCC(Waxed Corrugated Containers)楞型：flute type表面处理：coating/ surface fishingUV油：UV Varnishing局部UV油：Spot UV Varnishing光胶：Opp Lamination哑胶：Matt Lamination吸塑油：Blister Varnish光油：Gloss Varnish??磨光：Calendaring Varnish哑油：Matt Varnish局部印油：Spot Varnish环保磨光：ENV calendering??环保吸塑：ENV heat-seal?烫金：foil stamping?结构：structure?彩盒：color box贴纸：sticker:removable stiker 可移动性贴纸说明书：brochure/leaflet贴体包装：skin packaging天地盒:top and base or box with top and bottom lid 翻盖盒: lid hinged base with extend flap精品盒: case box or plush box轧型：die-cut平版印刷：offset printing制版：make-up书刊印刷bookand periodical printing套印不准out of register透印print through印刷printing染纸：dyed paper印刷材料printing material印刷技术printing technique印刷品printed matter?印刷压力printingpressure印刷油墨printig ink原稿original制版plate making包衬cylinder-packingglossy film 亮光膜matte film 亚光膜覆光膜是glossy lamination覆亚膜是matte lamination压敏纸pressure-sensitive paper?沥青牛皮纸asphalt kraft paper?石蜡纸paraffin paper?聚乙烯涂覆纸polyethylene coated paper?不规则聚丙烯防潮牛皮纸atactic polypropylene coated moisture proof kraft paper? 玻璃纸cellophane (regenerated cellulose film)?聚乙烯加工玻璃纸polyethylene extrusion-coated cellophane?氯乙烯加工纸vinylidene chloride treated paper?印刷用胶粘纸pressure sensitive adhesive papers for printing?纸绳paper string?纸胶带（包装用）gummed paper tapes(for packaging)?牛皮纸袋kraft paper sacks?包装水泥用牛皮纸袋sewn kraft paper sacks for cement?可延伸牛皮纸袋extensible kraft paper sacks?铝箔防水包装纸aluminium foil laminated package paper?光纤维加固的牛皮纸袋fiber reinforced kraft paper sacks?布袋woven bag?黄麻袋jute bag?牛皮纸衬垫、合成树脂布袋kraft lined, synthetic resin woven bag?甘薯淀粉包装用牛皮纸袋kraft paper sacks for sweet potato starch? 马铃薯淀粉包装用牛皮纸袋kraft paper sacks for potato starch?挥发性防腐纸volatile corrosion inhibitor?纸幅面尺寸trimmed size of paper?砂纸abrasive paper?砂纸原纸abrasive base paper?吸收性纸absorbent paper?吸水纸，吸收性纸absorbing paper?帐簿纸account book paper?计算机用纸accounting machine paper?无酸纸acid free paper?耐酸纸acid proof paper，acid resistant paper?隔音纸acoustic paper?溴化银印相纸actinometer paper?吸湿纸active paper?计算机用纸adding machine paper?地址标签纸address label paper?胶粘纸adhesive paper?广告纸，招贴纸advertising paper?仿大理石纸agate paper?仿玛瑙大理石纹纸agate marble paper?耐老化纸age resistant paper?航空信纸air paper?名片纸alabaster paper?相簿纸alabaster paper?蛋白胶纸albumenized paper?蛋白胶纸albumin paper?地图纸aligning paper?耐碱纸alkali-proof paper?全棉纤维纸all rag paper?全木浆纸all wood paper?仿鳄皮纸allogator imitation paper?西班牙草浆印刷纸alpha printing paper?铝纸aluminum paper?铝衬纸aluminum casting paper?铝涂布纸aluminum coated paper?铝粉纸aluminum dusted paper?铝箔衬纸aluminum foil backing paper?铝箔夹层纸aluminum laminated paper?琥珀条纹纸amber laid paper?弹药筒纸ammunition paper?频率感应记录纸amplitude response recording paper? 分析化学用滤纸analytical filter paper?斜面纸angle paper?斜截面纸angle-cut paper?斜角纸angular paper?动物胶表面施胶纸animal tub-sized paper?耐酸纸anti-acid paper?耐酸马尼拉纸anti-acid manila paper?防蚀纸anti-corrosion paper?防伪造纸anti-falsification paper?防霉纸anti-fungicide paper?防锈纸anti-rust paper?防锈原纸anti-rust base paper?防锈纸anti-tarnish paper?低光泽纸，仿古纸antique paper?仿古书籍纸antique book paper?杀菌纸antiseptic paper?保光泽纸antitarnish paper?水彩图画纸aquare(le) paper?档案纸archival paper?绝缘纸armature paper?香料纸aromatic paper?含砷纸arsenical paper?美术纸art paper?美术装饰纸art cover paper?水彩画纸art drawing paper?美术广告纸,美工宣传纸art poster paper?牙科用纸articulating paper?牙科用纸articulating paper?人造革纸artificial leather paper?仿羊皮纸artificial parchment paper?石棉纸asbestos paper?石棉(电)绝缘纸asbestos (electrical)insulating paper? 消毒纸，防腐纸aseptic paper?无灰纸ashless paper?无灰滤纸ashless filter paper?防潮纸，沥青纸asphalt paper?沥青原纸asphalt base paper?防喘纸asthma paper?地图纸altas paper?彩色印刷纸autochion printing paper?压感复写纸autocopy paper?纪念册纸autograph paper?自动(划线)记录纸autographic register paper?复印纸autographic transfer paper?汽车袋用纸automobile-bag paper?复制纸，影印纸autotype paper?食品包装纸avenized paper?蓝条纹书写纸azure laid(writing) paper?书籍衬里纸back-lining paper?裱糊纸backing paper?腊肉包装纸bacon paper?(纸)袋纸bag paper?蔗渣浆纸bagasse paper?浸渍绝缘纸bakelite paper?浸渍绝缘纸bakelized paper?面包纸bakers paper?层合平衡纸balance sheet paper?单面沥青包装纸baling paper?气球用纸balloon paper?鲍尔斯唐纸balston's paper?竹浆纸bamboo paper?绷带纸bandage paper?高级书写纸bank paper?钞票纸banknote paper?餐桌纸banquet table cover paper? 理发头枕纸barber's headrest paper? 抗渗透纸barrier paper?钡地纸baryta paper?原纸base paper?(弹筒)装药用纸basewad paper?韧皮纸bast paper?高级信纸bath paper?涂蜡装饰纸batlk paper?蓄电池用纸battery paper?涂蜡装饰纸battik paper?曲折纸板beaming paper?床包装纸bedsted-wrapping paper? 啤酒过滤纸beer-filter paper?夹层纸between-lay paper?字典纸bible paper?吸水性纸张bibulous paper?帐目纸bill paper?光泽广告纸billboard paper?自动记录纸billing machine paper? 装订用纸binder's paper?生物纸biochargeable paper?饼干包装纸biscuit paper?饼干包装纸biscuit cap paper?蜡笔画纸bistered paper?防潮纸，沥青纸bituminized paper?相册黑色衬纸black album paper?防潮纸waterproof paper?防空纸blackout paper?刮刀涂布纸blade coated paper?空白书籍纸blank book paper?毛毯袋用纸blanket bag paper?空白书籍纸blanking paper?弹药用纸，矿工用纸blasting paper?耐漂纸blach resistant paper?鲜肉包装纸blood proof paper?吸墨纸blotting paper?兰色洋蜡包装纸blue candle wrapping paper? 蓝印纸blueing paper?晒图纸blueprint paper?兰色描图纸bluetracing paper?扉页纸board paper?单面光扉页纸boardglazed paper?纱管纸，盘纸bobbin paper?原纸body paper?涂布原纸bodystock paper?仿制纸bogus paper?证券纸，高级书写纸bond paper?书籍纸book paper?帐簿纸booking paper?瓶签纸bottle labelling paper?压光辊用纸bowl paper?纸盒糊面纸boxcover paper?箱装书写纸boxed writings paper?盲文印刷纸braille(printing) paper?面包袋纸bread bag paper?面包标签纸bread label paper?光泽纸bristel paper?锦纹纸，压印花纸brocade paper?小册子用印刷纸brochure paper?破损纸张broken paper?溴素纸，照相放大纸bromide paper? 金色皱纹纸bronze crepe paper?金色纸bronze paper?棕色晒图纸brown print paper?刷辊涂布纸brush(coated) paper?植物幼苗防风纸brushing kraft paper? 泡沫涂布纸bubble coated paper?浅黄的复写纸buff copying paper? (制革用)磨光纸buff(ing) paper?暗色绘图纸buff drawing paper?建筑用纸building paper?松厚书籍纸bulking(book) paper?松厚纸bulky paper?染色加工纸bunt paper?布纹纸burlap lined paper?高光泽纸burnished paper?染色加工纸,过干纸burnt paper?包肉纸butcher's paper?黄油包装纸butter paper?(电力)电缆纸cable paper?含毛壁纸caffoy paper?糕点包装纸cake wrapping paper?日历纸calenday paper?压光辊用纸calender bowl paper?压光处理的纸张calendered paper?仿革纸calf paper?布纹纸calico paper?布纹纸cambric paper?圣经纸combridge bible paper?宝石花纹涂布纸cameo paper?蜡烛包装纸candle paper?糖果袋纸candy bag paper?布纹书写纸canvas note paper?有光纸cap paper?电容器纸capacitor(tissue) paper?植物防护纸capping paper?货车包覆纸carlining paper?砂糖包装纸caramel paper?石碳酸纸carbolic paper?复写纸carbon paper?复写纸原纸carbon body paper?复写纸原纸carbon raw paper?复写纸原纸carbonizing paper?压感复写纸carbonless (copy) paper?打光用纸，研磨纸carborundum paper?卡片纸card paper?极图记录纸cardiographic paper?地毯纸carpet lining paper?车箱顶棚用纸板carriage pahel paper?地图纸，图表纸，记录纸carte paper?极图记录纸，心电图记录纸cartographic paper? 纸盒衬纸carton liner paper?弹壳纸，弹药用纸cartridge paper?纸箱标签纸case labels paper?运输包装纸case lining paper?现金收支记录带纸cash control tape paper? (现金收支)票据纸register paper?运输包装纸casing paper?帆布箱衬里用纸casket paper?高光泽印刷纸，涂布美术纸cast coated paper? (塑料薄膜用)浇铸纸casting paper?目录纸catalog (ue) paper?封面纸，绘图纸catridge paper?松油纸cedarized paper?芹菜培育纸celery bleaching paper?赛璐珞原纸celluloid paper?水泥袋纸cement bag paper?陶瓷贴花纸ceramic transfer paper?谷物箱衬纸cereal box liners paper?白垩涂布纸chalk transfer paper?办公纸chancery paper?炭画书籍纸charcoal book paper?木炭画纸charcoal(drawing) paper?图表纸chart paper?支票用纸check paper?化学浆制成的纸张chemical paper?支票纸，防伪纸cheque paper?手工竹纸china paper?模造纸chintz paper。
ProSystem fx Engagement到Workpapers CS数据转换信息Kit说明书
Information Kit for Conversions from ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpapers CSThis document provides information about the data converted from ProSystem fx® Engagement to Workpapers CS™.ContentsWhat to expect from the data conversion (2)Conversion considerations and recommendations (2)Installing the conversion program (2)Converting the client data before import into Workpapers CS (2)Data transferred during conversion (4)Chart of Accounts and balances (4)Grouping schedules (5)Transactions (5)Engagement-related data transferred during conversion (6)Engagement information (6)Folder information (7)Workpaper information (7)ProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word demographic formulas (7)ProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word link formulas (8)Conversion notes and exceptions (8)Items not converted (8)Data Conversion Report (9)Getting help (9)Help & How-To Center (9)Product support (9)What to expect from the data conversionThe overall objective of the data conversion from ProSystem fx Engagement is to provide accurate, comprehensive Workpapers CS data to help you move forward with Workpapers CS.Important!Due to differences between applications, some data must be modified during the conversion process and some data cannot be converted. Additions and/or modifications may be required to exactly duplicate engagement and workpaper information in Workpapers CS after the conversion.Conversion considerations and recommendationsPlease review the following before beginning the conversion process.▪We recommend that you convert a smaller, easy-to-process client first. This will help you become familiar with the conversion options in Workpapers CS.▪Some data items from ProSystem fx Engagement are not converted because there is no exact equivalent in Workpapers CS.Installing the conversion programClick this link to download a ZIP file and install the ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpapers CS conversion utility.Converting the client data before import into Workpapers CS Important! When you convert large or complex sets of engagement files for a ProSystem fx Engagement client, you should allow a significant amount of time for the conversion and import. Please wait for the process to be completed before converting another client.After installing the ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpaper CS conversion program, use the following steps to create the converted data files for import into Workpaper CS.The conversion process does not modify existing client data in ProSystem fx Engagement. However, we strongly recommend that you create a backup of the original client before you process any clients.1. Verify that the ProSystem fx Engagement binder has been synchronized with the Local File Roomand that any instances of this binder or workpapers are closed on your workstation.2. To start the conversion program, right-click the CS Data Conversions icon on your desktop andchoose Run as Administrator. If you did not install the shortcut, click Start on the Windows taskbar and then choose All Programs > CS Professional Suite > CS Data Conversions.3. In the Select competitor field, select ProSystem fx from the drop-down list.4. In the Select the export location for the converted files field, click the Browse button to browse to thelocation where the import files should be placed until imported into WorkpaperCS.5. Click Start conversion.6. If prompted to close all open sessions of Word® and Excel®, close those sessions.7. If prompted to select your user, select the login for the Local File Room for which you want to convertdata. This dialog will open only if multiple logins exist on the workstation.8. In the Processing Type dialog, click either Single or Multiple. Single converts just one client at a timeand allows for greater customization. Multiple allows for multiple clients, but the application makes more assumptions about the clients during the conversion.9. In the Select a Client dialog or Select client(s) dialog, select the client(s) you want to convert, andclick Continue.Note: This dialog lists all available clients for conversion from ProSystem fx Engagement. Yourselection of Single or Multiple in step 8 determines whether you can select one or multiple clients. 10. In the Engagement selection dialog, which lists all of the binders / engagements for the selectedclient(s), select an engagement type for each binder you want to convert, and then click Continue. 11. If you selected a single conversion, an optional Trial Balance selection dialog may open if multipleTrial Balances existed in ProSystem fx Engagement. Workpapers CS supports only one Trial Balance per engagement. Select the desired Trial Balance.If you selected multiple conversions, the last accessed Trial Balance will be used.12. Click Continue.13. In the Account classification selection dialog, select the ProSystem fx Engagement group thatcontains the account classification you want to use in Workpaper CS.Note: If you click Skip, the program will not convert any Account Classifications for the Trial Balance Accounts.14. In the Tax group selection dialog, select the set of tax codes to convert for your Trial Balance.If you selected multiple conversions, the last tax year will be used.15. Click Continue to begin the data conversion process, and then follow the prompts that appear on thescreen.16. At the prompt indicating the conversion process is complete, click OK to begin importing theconverted data into Workpapers CS.17. In Accounting CS, choose File > Import > ProSystem fx Engagement to open the ProSystem fxEngagement conversion wizard.18. Source Data: Select the location where your ProSystem fx Engagement export files are stored andclick Next.19. Source Data - Clients: Mark the checkbox next to the ProSystem fx Engagement client—or multipleclients—that you want to convert, and then click Next.20. Staff: Select the Accounting CS Workpapers staff member—or multiple staff members—to map to foreach corresponding ProSystem fx Engagement staff in the list.Note:If the appropriate staff member is not available from the drop-down list in the Accounting CS Staff column, exit the wizard and add that staff member in the Setup > Firm Information > Staffscreen, and then restart the conversion process.21. Click Finish to complete the conversion.Data transferred during conversionThe following tables detail the ProSystem fx Engagement data that converts to Workpapers CS.Chart of Accounts and balancesProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTrial Balance > Chart ofAccountsActions > Enter Trial BalanceAccount # Account numberDescription DescriptionReport ReportBudget BudgetProposed PotentialUNADJ Unadjusted Unadjusted balance is convertedonly for the current period.ADJ Adjusted Prior-year and prior-periodbalances only.FTAX Tax Prior-year and prior-periodbalances only.OBAL1 Other Prior-year and prior-periodbalances only.Trial Balance > AccountGroupings > Tax CodeAccount GroupingTax Code Tax Code Tax codes and tax codeassignments for clients with ayear end of 2012 or later.menu navigation andfield namenavigation and field name informationTrial Balance > AccountGroupings > Group AccountGrouping > AdvancedAccClass RatioClass Classification codeClassification subcodeIn ProSystem fx Engagement,classification and ratios are seton a group-by-group basis.During the conversion process,you will be asked from whichgroup we should pullclassification and ratios.Grouping schedulesProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTrial Balance > AccountGroupings > Group AccountGroupingEnter Trial Balance > Account Groupings Account group name GroupingCode CodeCode Description Code DescriptionSubcode SubcodeSubcode Description Subcode DescriptionTransactionsProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTrial Balance > Journal EntrySummaryActions > Enter Transactions JE# ReferenceDescription DescriptionAdditional Distributions (Account, Amount, Description) Distributions (Account, Account Description, Amount)menu navigation andfield namenavigation and field name information Reversing journal entry Auto-reverse next periodType:Adjusting Journal Entries Reclassifying Journal Entries Federal Tax Journal Entries Other Journal Entries1 Proposed Journal Entry Type:AdjustingReclassifyingTaxOtherPotentialJournal entries are posted to thespecific engagement for whichthe entries were intended.Engagement-related data transferred during conversionThe following information is provided to identify ProSystem fx Engagement items that are automatically converted to Workpapers CS items.Engagement informationProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationBinder Properties Engagement PropertiesName Engagement binder name If you convert multiple binders fora single client, the binders musthave a unique name.Type Type You must select the newWorkpapers CS type during theconversion.Entity In the ProSystem fx Engagementconversion, Entity is determinedby the selection on the TaxGroup selection screen. Thisdata is mapped to the Client >Accounting information tab. Period sequence Period FrequencyBinder Index View Binder TreeEngagement tree structure Engagement tree structureFolder informationProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTab Properties Engagement tree structureIndex # Folder name Index # and Name are combinedto comprise the Workpapers CSfolder name.Name Folder nameWorkpaper informationProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationWorkpaper Properties Workpaper PropertiesName NameIndex # ReferenceSign Off: Preparers Preparer You can rename Preparer,Reviewer, and Reviewer 2names in Workpapers CS, ifdesired.Sign Off: 1st Reviewers Reviewer You can rename Preparer,Reviewer, and Reviewer 2names in Workpapers CS, ifdesired.Sign Off: 2nd Reviewers This will depend on staff mappingand whether signoffs are set upin Workpapers CS beforehand. Sign Off Initials Sign Off Initials Initials and date will display underthe signed off heading inWorkpapers CS.ProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word demographic formulasThe following table lists the applicable ProSystem fx Engagement formulas and the equivalent formula variables in Workpapers CS.ProSystem fx EngagementName FunctionsWorkpapers CS VariablesBinder Name Engagement NameBinder Due Date Completion DateBinder Type Engagement TypeProSystem fx EngagementWorkpapers CS VariablesName FunctionsBinder Report Release Date Report Release DateWorkpaper Name Workpaper NameWorkpaper Index Workpaper ReferenceCurrent Period End Current Period DateProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word link formulasExcel® and Word® link formulas do not convert.Conversion notes and exceptionsThis section details conversion notes and exceptions.▪Engagement tree structure: The order and appearance of the engagement tree structure in Workpapers CS after the conversion may differ from the ProSystem fx Engagement binder. Please note all items are converted to the correct folder locations within the engagement. To providemaximum flexibility, Workpapers CS does not automatically sort folders and workpapers.▪Excel and Word workpaper add-ins, macros, and links: Excel workpapers are modified during the conversion process for removal of add-ins, macros, and/or links.▪Manual workpapers: Manual workpapers are converted as text documents.▪Tax Codes: If UltraTax CS® Tax Codes are desired during the conversion, a translation of ProSystem fx Engagement Tax Codes to UltraTax CS is available. Only one Tax Code Group will convert.▪Workpaper references: Workpapers CS requires that workpapers have reference values.Workpapers without an index value are assigned a reference value during the conversion. You may rename the workpaper reference, if desired. If a duplicate reference exists in a folder, the duplicate references will be renamed.▪Finalized Binders: Finalized binders will be converted as Active unfinalized binders. We recommend that you convert only active / unfinalized binders.Items not convertedThis section details items not converted.▪Workpapers not in a standard binder folder: This includes workpapers within the Unfiled Workpapers, Conflicts, Incompatible Workpapers, Published Workpapers, and Trash folders. To convert these workpapers, you must move the workpapers into a standard binder folder before the conversion process.▪Trial Balance: Consolidated trial balances.▪Firm information▪Client Information▪Engagement and workpaper password information▪Engagement and workpaper history▪Workpaper notes and templates▪Staff▪M3 Tax CodesData Conversion ReportThe data conversion from ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpapers CS creates a report for each engagement converted. The Data Conversion report lists certain modifications made during the conversion process, such as truncations, abbreviations, and so on. Most items in the report are informational and do not require immediate attention.To access the report, locate and open YYYYYY.html, where YYYYYY is the binder name. The report is placed in the user’s Documents folder.Getting helpHelp & How-To CenterFor answers to questions on using Workpapers CS, access the Help & How-To Center by clicking the Help link on the toolbar. For more information, including sample searches, see Finding answers in the Help & How-To Center.Product supportFrom the Support Contact Information page on our website, you can complete a form to send a question to our Support team. For additional product support, visit the Support section of our website. You can also access our Support website from Workpapers CS by choosing Help > Additional Resources > General Support Information.。
Rootstock白皮书(英文版)
RSKBitcoin powered Smart Contracts White paperOverviewRevision: 9Date: November 19th, 2015By Sergio Demian LernerConfidentialIntroductionWhy Rootstock is important for the Bitcoin Ecosystem?Alignment of Bitcoin Stakeholders and protection of valueGovernance modelProtection of Bitcoin Miner's InvestmentSecuring the Bitcoin / Rootstock 2-way pegLower Bitcoin transactions fees and stable value asset issuing Bitcoin Security hardeningRootstock as a low-cost BTC payment networkRootstock Use CasesMicropayment channels and Hub-and-Spoke networksPeer-to-peer distributed exchangeRetail Payment SystemsEscrow ServicesCrypto-assets CreationAsset SecuritizationDecentralized remittancesIP Protection / RegistryVoting SystemMicro-lendingSupply Chain TraceabilityOnline Reputation & Digital IdentityIn-game Global CurrencyInternet-gambling and Prediction MarketsFair-playingTechnology OverviewTuring-Complete virtual MachineSidechainSemi-Trust-Free SidechainsDynamic Hybrid Merged mining/FederationFast payments and low-latency-networkRootstock Feature comparisonInstant Payments Technology previewDECOR+ ProtocolThe block propagation protocolTwo Stage Block Propagation (2SBP)Push Missing Transactions protocol (PMT)Delayed Transaction Inclusion heuristic (DTI)Immediate Block Header Propagation (IBHP)Two Prioritized Streams for each Connection protocol (2PSC) Mining on Unverified Blocks Heuristic (MUB)Local Route Optimization Protocol (LRO)Re-using the Bitcoin Mining NetworkThe real topology of the networkThe PoW function Verification TimeClient Networking StackThe Block OverheadSimulationsSafe Merged miningTransaction PrivacySecurityScalabilityProbabilistic Verification and Fraud Proofs ConclusionsIntroductionIn2008Satoshi Nakamoto revolutionized payments by creating Bitcoin.Bitcoin included a very limited implementation of the so-called“smart contracts”,a concept introduced back in 1993 by Nick Szabo.Since then,a lot of research has been dedicated to the creation of new cryptocurrencies that support full Turing complete distributed programs.Now there is a widespread confidence that useful,secure and deterministic virtual machines can be built to achieve this goal.We believe that new use cases are necessary in order for Bitcoin to become the leading global cryptocurrency,and that adding smart-contract capabilities is key to secure that future.With that in mind we created Rootstock(RSK),a smart-contract platform that incorporates a Turing Complete Virtual Machine to Bitcoin.It also provides other enhancement to the network such as faster transactions and better scalability,features that we also believe will enable new usage scenarios.RSK is an evolution of QixCoin,a turing-complete cryptocurrency created back in2013by the same development team.RSK provides an improved payment experience with near instant confirmations.It achieves currently300tps and confirms most payments in less than20seconds.And yet,is still based on the same security guarantees Bitcoin has, supporting SHA-256D merged mining.RSK works as a Bitcoin Sidechain.When Bitcoins are transferred into the Rootstock blockchain,they become“Rootcoins”(RTC).Rootcoins are equivalent to bitcoins living in the Rootstock blockchain,and they can be transferred back to Bitcoins at any time at no additional cost(except for standard Rootstock transaction fees).RTC is the base currency used on the RSK sidechain to pay miners for transaction and contract processing.There is no currency issuance:all RTC are created from Bitcoins coming from the Bitcoin blockchain.Rootstock enhances Bitcoin in the following areas:•Turing-complete Rootstock Virtual Machine (RVM) allowing smart-contracts•Average first confirmation of transactions in 10 seconds•Safe merged mining combining PoW with threshold-signature based federation •Embedded low-delay fast relay backbone into peer-to-peer gossip network.•Two-way pegging using sidechains(currently a federated peg,fully automatic peg subject to Bitcoin improvements)Acronyms:“RSK”refers to the Rootstock(the platform),related terms are“RSK protocol”(the specification)and“RSK reference node”(the reference implementation),the native RSK currency is the“Rootcoin”,and“RTC”is the symbol of the Rootcoin currency,“BTC”refers to the Bitcoin currency and “Bitcoin” refers to the Bitcoin protocol.Why Rootstock is important for the Bitcoin Ecosystem?Alignment of Bitcoin Stakeholders and protection of valueRootstock governance's primary goal is to align the main stakeholders of Bitcoin by creating rewards that are fully aligned with their current activities.This philosophy is directly reflected in its core architecture where Bitcoin miners provide the hashing power required for the proof-of-work block validations,industry leaders (Exchanges,Wallets and Payment Processors)integrate the Federation that creates validation checkpoints and sign the redeem transactions of the 2-way peg.On top of that Rootstock decides improvements to its platform based on a voting system where Miners,Industry Leaders,Bitcoin/Rootstock holders and core developers take the final decision.In the following paragraphs we describe how this incentives play along.Governance modelEach player in the community has the know-how to serve best the community:exchanges and web-wallets know how to protect Bitcoin savings,miners know how to realize large scale mining operations to secure user’s transactions,Blockhain companies innovate in new use cases and makes dreams come true,core developers have the technical expertise to known how to tackle the technical challenges to come,node maintainers provide the infrastructure and network connectivity,and users are the heart of the system,providing trust and liquidity.Rootstock governance model aims to represent all actors of the community,by providing a board of governance consisting in5seats.Miners will be able to vote with hashing power (1vote),Bitcoin and Rootstock users will vote with proof-of-stake(1vote),Exchanges and web-wallets will vote though the Federation(1vote),Rootstock and Bitcoin Core developers will have a special threshold voting system(1vote),and the last vote will be offered to a non-profit established Bitcoin institution,such as the Bitcoin Foundation,that can represent the broader ecosystem.Also an institutional vote could be offered to the Ethereum Foundation, if it is representative of the Ethereum community.Protection of Bitcoin Miner's InvestmentIn August2016Bitcoin mining profitability margin will fall to less than50%due to the decreasing block reward from25BTC to12.5BTC.Hundreds of millions of mining hardware will become instantaneously obsolete.This probably includes all mining machines in the market today,since two generations of chips(faster and with lower power consumption)will be developed and sold before2017.Almost all current miners that have not replaced their hardware will see the end of their mining business.Rootstock,thanks to its merged mining capabilities,brings the opportunity to these miners to keep on businessat least four more years.Since Bitcoin merge-miners can mine both coins with zero marginal cost,miners will still be able to mine Bitcoin as long as the additional income provided by Rootstock mining compensates the profitability gap.Additionally the reduction in mining profitability by the Halving will create additional concentration in the low cost miners which will increase Bitcoin's network vulnerability. Hence,RSK could also play a key role in promoting a broad base of profitable miners increasing the security and value of Bitcoin.Also by starting today at a minimum cost,and creating applications for Rootstocks,Bitcoin miners may not only protect their investment,but develop a whole new business opportunity.Securing the Bitcoin / Rootstock 2-way pegLeading Bitcoin companies will integrate a Federation that will play the fundamental role of securing the transfer of funds between the Bitcoin and Rootstock blockchains.In exchange for that they will profit from the fees generated by the settlement between the inflow and outflow of funds.Lower Bitcoin transactions fees and stable value asset issuingCurrent Bitcoin holders and prospective users have seen their usage of the monetary system confined to certain use cases(i.e:investment,global payment network)mainly due to bitcoin price volatility but this constraint might worsen in the future due to a potential increase in transaction fees on the next Bitcoin halving.Rootstock brings a solution to this by offering almost instant transaction validation(20 seconds)and asset issuing with prices pegged to that of a fiat currency or other stable commodity.Lowering volatility exposure in transactions while keeping bitcoin as a reserve currency increases overall bitcoin value.Bitcoin Security hardeningOn the next Bitcoin reward halving,hundreds of millions on dollars in obsolete mining hardware will be sold cheaply privately or online.This will open a window of vulnerability giving an attacker the possibility to buy a huge amount of hashing power for very little money and execute a51%attack.Also the decrease in security may affect the perceived value of the coin.By increasing the profitability of Bitcoin mining with Rootstock merged mining, the Bitcoin network may prevent the hash rate to plummet.Rootstock as a lowcost BTC payment networkIf Bitcoin block size is not increased via a hard-fork,when the next Bitcoin reward halves, Bitcoin transaction fees may become prohibitively high for certain applications.As RSK blocks can hold many more transactions than Bitcoin blocks,Rootstock will naturally offer lower fees. See next section for an analysis of future scenarios regarding transaction fees. The future of Bitcoin and its transactions fees is unclear:currently,contentious proposals on changes in the maximum block size will have a high impact in future transaction fees.In the following table we attempt to predict future scenarios and compare RSK and Bitcoin under reasonable assumptions on growth and forks.Parameter Bitcoin RootstockConfirmation time with comparablesecurity under Satoshi equivalence10 minutes 10 secondsMinimum confirmation time for areversal probability of 0.1%20 minutes (2 blocks) 30 seconds (3 blocks)Max. Transactions per second 3.3 tps(assuming an average size tx) 300 tps at launch Scalable to 1000 tpsCurrent average cost for users for a standard transaction 6 centsAssuming:1.5 tpsMarket price not availableCurrent cost for miners to include a standard transaction1 centAssuming:Using the fast relay networkUTXO in memory1 ms processing time per tx.25.2 BTC average block reward5 centAssuming:Using standard relay network<1 cent (estimated)Assuming:No RSK specific hardwareswitching.Almost no Rootstocktransactions1 cent (estimated)Interrupting a miner to load newheader loses 10 ms ofprocessing timeTransaction fees by end of 2016 1.6 USDAssuming:block size is not increasedBTC/USD rate unchangedSame level of security3 tps1 cent (estimated) Assuming:3 tpsIs important to note from the above chart that transaction fees estimations are based on the unproven fact that the BTC price will remain at approximately240BTC/USD during 2016.If the price increases ten-fold during this period,then also will the transaction fees, rendering Bitcoin Blockchain viable as an inter-banking clearing system,but not a payment network.Also is important to note that off-chain payment systems can emerge, providing cheaper payments,but at the same time centralizing the network,and changingits decentralized nature.The following table shows possible future scenarios by the end of2016,assuming that network hashing difficulty increases at the same ratio as BTC price:Scenario Bitcoin cost of tx to miners Rootstock cost of tx to miners Bitcoin price increases 10x 16 USD 2 centsTPS increases 10x via hardfork 11 cents 0.2 centsBTC price and TPS increase 10x 1.1 USD 2 centsAs the cost of including a Bitcoin transaction increases,users will switch to platforms with lower transaction costs, such as Rootstock.Rootstock Use CasesThe Rootstock platform provides Turing-complete smart contracts as proposed by Nick Szabo in1993.At the same time,RSK’s VM is backward compatible with Ethereum VM, hence Rootstock gives the opportunity to developers working on Ethereum to benefit from the robustness of the Bitcoin Blockchain.Below we present a list of potential smart contracts and use cases that can be developed over RSK.Micropayment channels and Hub-and-Spoke networksMicropayment channels allow two parties to make secure regular low valued payments without paying fees for each payment, but only one time when the channel is closed.Hub-and-Spoke networks allow mutually untrusted users to make low-cost one time payments indirectly using payment channels to and from a third party with minimal trust. The RSK allows Hub-and-spoke networks to be implemented directly with minimal hassle and interfacing natively with standard e-wallets.Peer-to-peer distributed exchangeUsing TierNolan's protocol RSK supports contracts that act as peer-to-peer exchanges. Automatic matching in an order book can also be easily created.This allows distributed markets over independent block-chains, exchanging crypto-assets without third parties. Retail Payment SystemsRSK allows BTC to be adopted globally for every-day retail transactions.One of Bitcoin main limitations for retail use is its confirmation time(from10minutes to1hour to ensure irreversibility).RSK allows consumers to benefit from Bitcoin security with confirmations in just a few seconds.Merchants will be able to accept payments instantaneously without requiring third party gateways.Another key element that any platform should have to succeed in the retail market is to be able to support a large amount of transaction per second(tps).The RSK network,using the DÉCOR+protocol,allows to process over the Bitcoin Blockchain up to 300 tps (twice as much as Paypal)Escrow ServicesRSK allows the creation of smart escrow services where oracles sign(or not)a transactions defining whether it should be executed(or not)without having any contact with the funds under escrow.Crypto-assets CreationRSK allows the creation of crypto-assets(or altcoins)secured by the Bitcoin network. Given RSK’s flexibility to price the contract’s fuel these application(as all others)could be used from students to banks and corporations.Asset SecuritizationRSK also allows the creation of digital tokens backed by real assets.This could be use to digitally commercialize REITs,shares,issue debt or any other asset(or future proceed). This particular use case will provide a unique solution to those small businesses in the developing countries where the traditional financial markets do now fulfill the demand for working capital or capital to grow.Decentralized remittancesThis particular use case is especially important in developing economies where the unbanked/undocumented population has to pay usury fees to send money to their families for food and shelter.IP Protection / RegistryRSK allows the development of contracts that can replicate what is known as Proof-of-Existence which allows individuals and companies alike to proof the existence of a certain document(or property right)at any given point in time with the security of the Bitcoin Blockchain.This use case could be particularly important in societies in Latin America, Africa and Asia with unreliable land registration mechanisms.Voting SystemAs a particular case of crypto-asset,RSK allows the creation of digital votes that allow extremely secure and transparent elections at a minimum cost.Micro-lendingOver50%of the global population does not have access to the traditional financial system. This lack of access to credit is a direct cause to the economic inequality that our global society faces nowadays.RSK allows the development of scalable digital micro-lending contracts that could provide access to credit to the3billion poorest inhabitants of the world.Supply Chain T raceabilityRSK also allows the creation of digital wallets to track and trace(digitally)the physical location of a certain product or batch.This type of contract could be particularly useful in the retail,food and healthcare industries among others.As all the other use cases,by using RSK this could be achieved with the security of the Bitcoin Blockchain at a minimum cost.Online Reputation & Digital IdentityOne of the main problems of the developing world is the lack of documentation and IDs for the poor.This prevents the poor from voting,accessing healthcare,reporting crimes/ abuses and accessing financial aid.RSK allows the creation of digital global registries as secure as the Bitcoin Blockchain at extremely low cost.In-game Global CurrencyMany multi-player games have in-game economies,including private currencies.As these games evolve,virtual currencies become as valuable to users as fiat money,and are often traded on secondary markets.Inflation,cheating,and online theft become user concerns. Also the game company may face legal and security hurdles having users virtual money in consignment.As the world becomes global,so will virtual games,and players will feel discomfort that money earned in one game cannot be easily spent in another game.RSK can solve these problems by allowing games to accept BTC(in equivalent RSK coins)for their in-game payments,or create a private digital asset that is protected by RSK.RSK payments can be as fast as closed-loop systems for low denominations,so game engines can use RSK as the in-game purchase system,for player-to-player trading and for company-to-player virtual offerings.By just clicking on an URL or scanning a QR code, trading can be triggered using the standard player's external e-wallet software,and also paying commissions to the gaming company.Internet-gambling and Prediction MarketsFast payments also means fast payouts.Bitcoin gambling sites such as SatoshiDice have managed to provide no-registration fast betting experience using0-confirmations and chained transactions,but at a security risk for the gambling site.RSK allows betting with near instant payouts having block confirmation.Fair-playingBy incorporating smart-contracts,and in conjunction with well-studied cryptographic protocols such as Mental Poker,RSK is able to provide an open and fair platform for card playing without the requirement for a trusted third party taking a rake.These are just a few examples among many others that could be developed and programmed over the RSK platform using the underlying Bitcoin technology.It is important to mention that the Bitcoin miners(via merge mining)are going to be the ones running these contracts and benefiting from the vast majority of the fuel consumed to run those contracts.Technology OverviewRSK platform is, at its core, the combination of:● A Turing-complete resource-accounted deterministic virtual machine (for smartcontracts)● A two-way pegged Bitcoin sidechain (for BTC denominated trade)● A dynamic hybrid merge-mining/federated consensus protocol (for consensussecurity), and a low-latency network (for fast payments).Turing-Complete virtual MachineRSK virtual machine(RVM)is the core of the Smart-contract platform.Smart-contracts are executed in parallel by a high-percentage of the network nodes.The result of the execution of a smart-contract can be the processing of inter-contract messages,creating monetary transactions and changing the state of contracts persistent memory.The RVM op-code level compatible with EVM,to allow Ethereum contracts to run flawlessly on RSK. In the first release,the VM is executed by interpretation.For the next release,it is planned to emulate EVM by dynamically retargeting EVM opcodes to a subset of Java-like bytecode,and a security-hardened and memory restricted Java-like VM will become the new VM(RVM2).This will bring RSK code execution to a performance close to native code.Main features:•Independent VM, but compatible with EVM at the opcode level.•Rootstock provides Ethereum users the possibility to run their projects with the security of the Bitcoin network.•New opcodes for fast int32arithmetic and better just-in-time compilation (planned), for greater performance.SidechainA sidechain is an independent blockchain whose native currency is pegged to the value of another blockchain currency automatically by using proofs of payment.There is a two-way peg when two currencies can be exchanged freely,automatically,and without incurring in a price negotiation.In RSK,the Rootcoin(RTC)is two-way pegged to the BTC(more precisely,a Rootoshi,the minimum unit of account in RSK,is pegged to a Satoshi,the minimum unit of account in Bitcoin).In practice,when BTC are exchanged for RTS,no currency is“transferred”between blockchains in a single transaction because Bitcoin cannot verify the authenticity of balances on another blockchain.When a transfer occurs,some BTC are locked in Bitcoin and the same amount of RTC is unlocked in RSK.When RTC needs to be converted back into BTC,the RTC get locked again in RSK and the same amount of BTC are unlocked inBitcoin.Semi-Trust-Free SidechainsFully trusted and third-party-free two-way pegs can be created using smart-contracts on both platforms.But since Bitcoin does not currently support smart-contracts nor native opcodes to validate external SPV proofs,part of the two-way pegging system in RSK requires trust on a set of a semi-trusted third-parties(STTP).No single STTP can control the locked BTCs,but only a majority of them has the ability to release BTC funds.The STTPs temporarily store the BTC that are locked,and unlocks BTC to pay Bitcoin users RTC are locked in RSK to be transferred back to Bitcoin.In RSK the STTPs that protect the locked funds are precisely the members of the Federation.This is because the Federation incentives are highly aligned with the STTPs: they must be well-respected community actors,such as universities,and they must also have the technical ability to maintain a secure network node.The locking and unlocking of funds is done by this secure network nodes without any human intervention.Therefore a requirement for being part of the Federation is the ability to audit the proper behaviour of the software that powers the node,specially regarding the correctness of the component that decides on releasing BTC funds.We plan to create tamper proof hardware that will enforce the Federated validation algorithm to further improve security.Once Bitcoin adds special opcodes or extensibility to validate SPV proofs as a hard-fork, and once the new system is proved secure and trust-free,the Federation role as STTPs will no longer be necessary,and the RSK team will implement the changes to adapt RSK to the trust-free system.Dynamic Hybrid Merged mining/FederationWe believe that PoW is the only consensus system that prevents the re-write of blockchain history at low cost.All other consensus systems that do not consume a valuable resource for mining have this drawback,and rely on reputation,and prevent anonymous participation in mining.All other consensus systems require new users to trust in a set of parties to find an authenticated checkpoint of the ledger.High rate PoW consensus based on periodic blocks with low orphan waste requires miners to stop their hardware miners and restart them to mine on new header mid-states each time a new block is solved by the network.This result in mining time gaps,or greater network latencies for mid-state switching,on average.These gaps reduce the efficiency of Bitcoin mining even if they consume a few milliseconds.Therefore RSK uses the DECOR+ block reward sharing scheme to reduce competition and allow miners late switch to the RSK best block.If miners switch their hardware each time a RSK block is found,they compete for a full RSK block reward.If they late switch,and keep mining past block tips, they create uncles and and earn a share of the block reward.In none of these cases they are fully orphaned,as DECOR+pays a reward to uncles and the GHOST rule counts uncles as normal blocks and secures the best chain.The efficiency of BTC mining is therefore maximized.As we expect a period where RSK hashing power will be below50%of the total BTChashing power.This would leave the network vulnerable to a51%attack where the remaining hashing power outperforms the existing RSK hashing power to double-spend. To prevent such situation RSK includes federated checkpoints for PoW mined blocks. Federated checkpoints are signed by the Federation members and clients can use the the majority of the signatures to better decide which is the best chain.Also Rootstock has a last-resort protocol where if mining power goes below5%of Bitcoin hashing power,the Federation is able to create signed blocks.By default,clients stop using federated checkpoints when if Roostock hashing power is over66%of the maximum BTC hashing difficulty observed in the best chain and the fees paid in a block is higher or equal to the average reward of a bitcoin block.The RSK platform will be launched with a federation of well-known and community respected members.Each member is identified by a public key for the checkpoint signature scheme.The federation is be able to add or remove members using and embedding voting system, although these actions would require a high percentage of the member votes. The aim of RSK founders is that the RSK network will incentivize merge-mining.However RSK is robust to merge-mining shortage as the Federation is automatically brought to secure the network in the shortage case.Main features:•1-day maturity for mining reward.•Federated members checkpoints•Code embedded checkpoints during bootstrapping period.•No loss of efficiency in Bitcoin mining expected from merge mining(less than0.1% for immediate mid-state switching and 0% for late switching)Fast payments and low-latency-networkRSK aims to be a better payment network.To achieve fast payments,several solutions have been developed:-Use of competition-free block selection(e.g.Hyperledger,Ripple,closed-loop systems)-Use of hub-and-spoke networks (e.g. Bitcoin lightning network)-Use of high PoW block ratesHub-and-spoke networks add new centralization nodes,and require a complete adaptation of client wallets to a new,completely different payment model.Although so this alternative can be easily implemented on RSK,is not the native system for fast payments.RSK adopts the DECOR+and FastBlock5protocols,which allow reaching a10seconds average block rate that does not create incentives for mining centralization,is selfish-mining free and incentive compatible.Main features:•10 seconds block interval•Two stage block propagation (2SBP) protocol•Push Missing Transactions (PMT) protocol•Full network propagation of last competing blocks to prevent selfish mining and reduce stale block rate.•Delayed Transaction Inclusion heuristic(DTI).Transactions are delayed5seconds on each miner’s block transaction queue to allow the fastest possible block verification,because transactions are already present in the pools of every node of the network.•New network command to spread block headers with time critical priority.•New network command to spread block transactions hash list immediately after block header propagates.•Mining on Unverified Blocks Heuristic(MUB).Mining over block headers with unverified transactions with a 5 seconds fallback.•Block headers are flagged when they have no transactions (except for coinbase) •Two Prioritized Streams for each Connection protocol(2PSC).New message transport layer with message-slicing allowing two parallel sessions with distinct priority.This allows block headers to be sent over the high priority session and interrupt whatever message was being transmitted over the low priority session.•Local Route Optimization Protocol(LRO).Local optimal block routing based on peer priorities. Local optimal transaction routing based on peer priorities •DECOR+protocol for reward sharing between competing blocks.•GHOSTprotocol for chain weighting.。
富士通应用现代化解决方案：PROGRESSION White Paper说明书
White PaperApplication Modernization PROGRESSIONContentsIntroduction -PROGRESSION AbstractMarket needs and challengesApplication Modernization DriversFujitsu Modernization Solution using PROGRESSIONSource Code Control, Build and DeploymentBenefits of PROGRESSION ModernizationWhy Fujitsu and its PROGRESSION automated toolsuite solution?Introduction –PROGRESSION AbstractPROGRESSION from Fujitsu is an automated suite of migration tools based on Fujitsu knowledge of legacy platforms. Application modernization has always been a high priority forCIOs. However for vendors including Fujitsu, selling application modernization solutions has not been an easy task because of high project risk and value from application modernization is generally hard for CIOs to foresee.The latest application modernization solution from Fujitsu, PROGRESSION™, offers high quality, low risk and foreseeable value, all of which are achieved by a fully automated conversion tool suite.This paper introduces the benefits of the PROGRESSION from Fujitsu automated tool suite and how Fujitsu America has successfully implemented projects using PROGRESSION. PROGRESSION from Fujitsu is an automated suite of migration tools based on Fujitsu knowledge of legacy platforms:»Transform legacy assets to modern technology(Microsoft® platform)»Business Logic and Screens unchanged –with newfunctionality and better agility»Customizable templates for a full 3-tierObject Oriented .NET® thin client application»SQL® server database (Oracle® and FEP possible)»Cloud Ready»Owned, fully developed and supported by Fujitsu»No license fee or runtime licenses»Modernization projects are professionalservices engagements»Easily customizable for unique customer requirements»Legacy Platforms supported:»IBM® mainframe, UNISYS® mainframe,AS/400, HP® 3000Market needs and challengesMost large organizations rely on mainframe / midrange to run their critical systems. Modernizing legacy applications is one of the most important priorities for CIOs along with business process improvement, SOA, and others.¹The key reason for modernization comes from the fact that 75% of their development resources are employed simply to maintain existing applications, which leaves only 25% of development resources for innovation. Also experts in legacy platforms are getting scarce, and technology obsolescence is becoming a bigger issue year by year. For example, in the case of a midrange platform, 66% of AS/400 installations are seeing lack of trained staff as the biggest concern. Also more than half of AS/400 users are dissatisfied with green screen applications.There is definitely need in the market, but one of theroadblocks for the application modernization business is risk. Application modernization projects are complex. Actually 23% of modernization projects are canceled before completion, while only 28% finish on time and budget with expected functionality.²The current system is hampering an organization’s ability to increase its competitive advantage, extending time to market for new, innovative products, and increasing the risk of falling behind competitors as well as not meeting compliance regulations.³of IT decision makers believe that less than half of the current applications can support the future digital strategy of theirorganizationof today’s Fortune 500 companies use mainframesof mainframe experts are on the verge of retiring40%1The Business Value of Legacy Modernization Published: July 2007. /download/E/9/7/E9734F87-C581-482A-AACA-2835DF48D40E/Business_ Value_Legacy_Modernization.pdf2Modernizing Legacy Systems: Software Technologies, Engineering Processes, and Business Practices By Robert C. Seacord, Daniel Plakosh, Grace A. Lewis ISBM 0-321-11884-73Modernization clearing a pathway to success: The Standish Group International, Inc.71%70%Application Modernization DriversNatural technology lifecycles drive the need to replace certain elements of corporate infrastructure on a regular basis. Some elements require upgrade more frequently, while others drive infrequent wide ranging change. Typically, the application layer of an organization’s enterprise information systems fall into that latter category. Despite an infrequent need for technological change, applications do require certain functional investment, and at times, major change tomaintain alignment to shift in enterprise level architectural tenets. While replacement can achieve that alignment in certain cases, specific environmental characteristics or drivers are present in other cases, pointing to Legacy Modernization as a better approach to application currency.The following are some of those key drivers that are present when Legacy Modernization is among the most cost effective approaches to refresh older applications:»High costs associated with maintaining and enhancingapplication on expensive legacy platform»Unmitigated risks associated with running business criticalapplication on unsupported hardware and software»Tedious and complicated development lifecycleresults in higher time to market for a new business requirements or from a regulatory compliance due to lack of productivity tools»Inflexible and closed architecture systems hinderingweb-enabling and integration capabilities with contemporary platforms.»Limited options in hardware and software from fewer(or single) vendors restricting the choices»Demographic issues relating to lack of skilled resourceson the legacy technologies which no longer form part of academic / research curriculums70% of IT leaders worry about the mainframe skills gap and increasing costChanging WorkforceConcerns about the aging workforce that deliver MainframecompetenciesApplication AgilityMaintainability of application portfolioRising CostHigher cost of ownershipFuture RoadmapArchitecting the IT infrastructure for the futurePROGRESSION from Fujitsu for Mainframe to .NETmodernization offers the best solution to support migration from legacy systems such as IBM Mainframe, AS/400, iSeries, Unisys and HP3000 to or Azure®. Legacyapplications developed with languages such as COBOL®, RPG, VB, and Transact can be easily modernized to a newer platform such as C# or . Thismodernization approach is an ideal way to capture hidden organization knowledge and migrate it to a new platform and revitalize business competitiveness.For the most part, the application migration is automated using the PROGRESSION from Fujitsu migration suite for a modernization to the .NET platform.The PROGRESSION tool suite is an automated migration solution that provides highly configurable options using parameters and templates, which allow implementing all coding techniques, standards and packaging. The use of the automated tool makes sure that there is a very high level of consistency in the resulting application, while minimizing the risk of introducing human error.The modern 3-tier design of Fujitsu converted components ensures a complete and independent implementation of the presentation, business and data layer. The presentation layer migrates all user interface (screens) and related screen handling and validations into a C# Web Formapplication. Everywhere possible, common functionalities are implemented using shared common components. Although the new business logic is fully object-oriented, it retains the integrity of all existing business rules and behaviors.The data layer is implemented through database objects and a shared Data Access Component that ensures the possibility of redesigning the new relational database without impacting the data access logic of the current system. This approach provides flexibility for future maintenance and enhancement of the application. This shared component is automatically generated based on the design of the old and new database.Batch components such as JCL for an IBM Mainframe z/os are also migrated and deployed on a batch application server. Reports are redesigned using the new database and can be implemented using SQL Server reporting services or other existing reporting toolsets.Our approach relies on extensive configuration and version management. At every step, a specific version of allcomponents is retained making it easy to identify all changes that have been applied. In conjunction with the automated conversion suite, it is very easy to integrate ongoing maintenance into the test cycle by using changemanagement tools that allow comparison and the merging of converted components.Fujitsu Modernization Solution using PROGRESSIONAdditional characteristics of our solution include:»Automated tool assisted migration using thePROGRESSION from Fujitsu tool suite»No freeze needed for legislature changes and production fixes (code re-synch)»Generated code logic follow Microsoft recommended coding standard(no Cobol look-alike method (move, perform)»Full automated testing (e.g. Regression) viacontinuous integration (CI) and continuous deployment (CD) (DevOps: SVN, Jenkins)»Robust transactional model(DB locks, concurrent, conversational)»Stability through full load balancing support »No Fujitsu software upkeep maintenance fee (fullcustomer ownership of all code))»Flexibility to accommodate extensive databaseredesign (Data Access Layer)»Microsoft .NET solution: Microsoft .Net Framework,C# language, Powershell»Windows Server®, SQL Server, Visual Studio®»Thin client Web Form application (multiple browser support)»Fully compliant with Object Oriented principles, SOA architecture (Web Service interface), WFC .Sample project architecture using PROGRESSION for Mainframe to .NETSource Code Control, Build and DeploymentThe Fujitsu delivery methodology and PROGRESSION solution is source controlled and continuous integration platform agnostic. The PROGRESSION from Fujitsu team utilize Jenkins and SVN as part of its internal DevOps solution platform. Jenkins leverages MSbuild to build a .NET application; it does not require any specific software to be installed on the build agent other than the matching .NET framework. Jenkins will require the MSbuild plugin that is publicly available as an open source component.As part of our converted code delivery package, we include Jenkins build scripts. This process is aligned with the current market standard has it relates to DevOps.Fujitsu has been leveraging DevOps technique and automated processes for many years as part of its current Solution and successfully leveraged to deliver mainframe modernization projects.The graphic (right) represents the overall Fujitsu internal PROGRESSION DevOps implementation, supporting the Continuous Transformation and Continuous Integration processes that could be leveraged during a typical modernization effort and thru all project phases to migrate and modernize customer‘ s application and all its subsystems from Mainframe to the .NET platform. The “Code” step of the typical DevOps cycle is replaced almost entirely by the output of the automated code migration process using the PROGRESSION tool suite. DevOps is important as part of the PROGRESSION from Fujitsu solution:»Minimizes human error»Shortens delivery process»Offers control over the project lifecycle»Integration of issues and rollback»Fast issue resolution turn around»Provides feedback quicker on result»Controlled change in data access layer»Tool integration link between source controland commit»Added automated test»Added automated deploymentBenefits of PROGRESSION ModernizationThere are numerous benefits of application modernization and the benefits are dependent on a specific set of environmental circumstances being present. Below are some of the top benefits customers have realized in the past who have engaged Fujitsu as their trusted modernization partner:»Improve cost efficiencies:Legacy mainframe systemshardware and software are considered to be very expensive due to noncompetitive pricing systems prevailing due to alack of vendors or existence on a single vendor. Movingmainframe workloads to commodity based hardwareplatform, Cloud computing and softwareeco-system drastically reduces the TCO. ApplicationModernization represents an approach that either reducesthe costs stated in the business case, or in some cases,completely eliminates them. Because the organization owns the IP, licensing costs are minimal if not removed. Cloud and Contemporary platforms have ample vendor choices insoftware and hardware with a competitive pricing model,which never results in vendor locking.»Shortens go-to market:Lack of frameworks, productive and advanced IDE’s, debugging tools; test automation makesdevelopment activity a tedious and cumbersome process in legacy mainframe systems. Therefore, legacy systems willhave high time-to-market to respond to new business needs, amendment in regulations, challenges from competitors etc.After migrating to modern technologies like .NET with highly productive integrated development environments (IDE’s)like Visual Studio, development cycles are extremelyproductive and short time framed. Modernized flexible ITenvironment is moving a step closer on aligning IT systems to dynamic business needs.»Mitigated Risk: Application Modernization represents an approach that addresses much of that risk through the reduction of change. By simply moving to newer technologies while preserving the core functionality, business processes and how the end user community leverages the application changes very little, if at all. With Application Modernization “less is more”, from a change perspective, and as a result, risk is significantly reduced.»Enables Apps for new paradigm: With the PROGRESSION from Fujitsu automated tool suite and Application Modernization from Mainframe to .NET, modernized apps are enabled to embrace the new nexus forces of Cloud, Mobility, Containers, Analytics and Social. Cloud deployment reduces IT costs (shift from CAPEX to OPEX) and increases enterprise agility with a scalable and elastic infrastructure. Mobility can be used for increasing productivity by equipping employees to do their jobs better “on the go” and be an alternative channel to grow revenue. Analytics can enable enterprises to better understand their businesses and make informed decisions. Embracing social networks can help enterprises with evolved product design, improved customer engagement and solicit feedback.Partnering with clients to co-create a win-win is what we do. Our breadth of capability allows us to deliver what our customer’s desire from a partner that brings operational and business value and shares in the accountability and ownership of the outcome. Fujitsu offer its customer a single vendor (no need for a sub-contractor for any other tool and solution) that can provide expertise and solutions to cover all areas of the modernization project:»Automated conversion Tool (PROGRESSION owner) –Allow the flexibility of solution and tool customization»Process and Methodology (Macroscope Owner),»Infrastructure / Hardware»Large System Integrator (Management, maintenance,pool of resources) In essence, Fujitsu is the partner that:»Is open and transparent»Cares about your challenges and successes»Is proactive and collaborate to eliminate surprises»Is accountable and results orientated»Is client-centric and easy to do business with. Together, the Fujitsu team enjoys all the credentials and capabilities required to address the Modernization of the Legacy Mainframe System. Fujitsu is introducing a unique automated approach to Application Modernization that has been developed and refined through the combination of several projects executed over the last 15 years. In other words, we have done this before and have the references to prove our success.FUJITSUAddress: 1250 East Arques AvenueSunnyvale, CA 94085-3470, U.S.A.Tel: 800 831 3183 or 408 746 6000Email:*********************.comWebsite: /us/services/public-sector/mainframe Copyright ©2020 Fujitsu America, Inc. All rights reserved. Fujitsu, the Fujitsu logo, and “shaping tomorrow with you” are trademarks or registered trademarks of Fujitsu Limited in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Technical data are subject to modification and delivery subject to availability. Any liability that the data and illustrations are complete, actual or correct is excluded.ID-7016-003/05-2020Why Fujitsu and its PROGRESSIONautomated tool suite solution?Written by:Eric PayeurCTO -Global Application TransformationFujitsu Distinguished Engineer, Fujitsu America, Inc.»Improved Agility»Moving from older technology to newerplatform enabling transformation»Initial step towards Cloud platform, web,mobile, DevOps»Lower cost and risk than a rewrite»Functionality enhancement achieved muchfaster and more cost effectively using modernprogramming tools»Reduced TCO and Fast ROI»By eliminating expensive legacy environmentsand lock-in commercial licenses we can reducethe cost of ownership and achieve faster ROIvia Automated Tool conversion»Improved Integration»Once Modernized and migrated to a newplatform and technology, integration of anyapplications becomes much easier»Other Benefits»Improves customer experience viaweb based app»Removes reliance on old and expensiveskillsets»Removes dead and dying technology»Aids compliance and legislation»Simplifies the application portfolio。
Poly Pano 2安全与隐私白皮书说明书
SECURITY AND PRIVACY WHITE PAPERPoly PanoPart 3725-85466-001Version 05October 2023IntroductionThis white paper addresses security and privacy related information for Poly Pano and describes the security features and access controls in the processing of personally identifiable information (PII) or personal data and customer data in conjunction with Pano. HP | Poly uses such data in a manner consistent with the HP Privacy Statement and this white paper (as may be updated from time to time). This white paper is supplemental to the HP Privacy Statement. The most current version of this white paper will be available on HP | Poly’s website.Pano is designed for sharing and interacting with content using mobile devices, computer systems, and the Pano App. Pano is an on-premises device that can further integrate with the HP | Poly Cloud Service.Security at HP | PolySecurity is always a critical consideration for all products and services. HP | Poly’s Information Security Management System (ISMS) has achieved ISO 27001:2013 certification. ISO/IEC 27001 is the most widely accepted international standard for information security best practices.Product security at HP | Poly is managed through the HP | Poly Security Office (PSO), which oversees secure software development standards and guidelines. The HP | Poly Product Security Standards align with NIST Special Publication 800-53, ISO/IEC 27001:2013, and OWASP for application security. Guidelines, standards, and policies are implemented to provide our developers industry approved methods for adhering to the HP | Poly Product Security Standards.Secure Software Development Life CycleHP | Poly follows a secure software development life cycle (S-SDLC) with an emphasis on security throughout the product development processes. Every phase of development process ensures security by establishing security requirements alongside functional requirements as part of initial design. Architecture reviews, code reviews, internal penetration testing, and attack surface analysis are performed to verify the implementation.The S-SDLC implemented by HP | Poly also includes a significant emphasis on risk analysis and vulnerability management. To increase the security posture of HP | Poly products, a defense-in-depth model is systematically incorporated through layered defenses. The principle of least privilege is always followed. Access is disabled or restricted to system services nonessential to standard operation.Standards-based Static Application Security Testing (SAST) and patch management is a cornerstone of our S-SDLC.Privacy by DesignHP | Poly implements internal policies and measures based on perceived risks which meet the principles of data protection by design and data protection by default. Such measures consist of minimizing the processing of personal data, anonymizing personal data as soon as possible, transparently documenting the functions and processing of personal data, and providing features which enable the data subject to exercise any rights they may have.When developing, designing, selecting, and using applications, services and products that are based on the processing of personal data or process personal data to fulfill their task, HP | Poly considers the right to data protection with due regard.Security by DesignHP | Poly follows Security by Design principles throughout our product creation and delivery lifecycle which includes considerations for confidentiality, integrity (data and systems), and availability. These extend to all systems that HP | Poly uses – both on-premises and in the cloud as well as to the development, delivery, and support of HP | Poly products, cloud services, and managed services.The foundational principles which serve as the basis of HP | Poly’s security practices include:1. Security is required, not optional2. Secure by default, Secure by design3. Defense-in-depth4. Understand and assess vulnerabilities and threats5. Security testing and validation6. Manage, monitor, and maintain security posture7. End-to-end security: full lifecycle protectionSecurity TestingBoth static and dynamic vulnerability scanning as well as penetration testing are regularly performed for production releases and against our internal corporate network by both internal and external test teams.Patches are evaluated and applied in a timely fashion based on perceived risk as indicated by CVSSv3 scores.Change ManagementA formal change management process is followed by all teams at HP | Poly to minimize any impact on the services provided to the customers. All changes implemented to Poly Pano and related HP | Poly cloud services go through vigorous quality assurance testing where all functional and security requirements are verified. Once Quality Assurance approves the changes, the changes are pushed to a staging environment for UAT (User Acceptance Testing). Only after final approval from stakeholders, changes are implemented in production. While emergency changes are processed on a much faster timeline, risk is evaluated, and approvals are obtained from stakeholders prior to applying any changes in production.Data ProcessingPoly Pano collects and processes data related to sharing and annotating content:•Content shared to the device•Annotations made to the content•Device and room names•Device IP, MAC addresses, and serial numbers •Pairing configuration with Poly RealPresence Group Series (when configured) including IPaddress, administrator name, and password ofpaired devices Pano App, when used, collects, and processes the following additional data related to sharing and annotating content, and to serve connectivity and troubleshooting:•Shared document filenames and types •Content shared to the device•Annotations made to the content•User actions including login type, pairing details and duration, PIN usage, and exceptionmessages•Platform details including OS and version, system language, hardware specifics such asCPU, GPU, memory size, manufacturer, andmodelAdditionally, with HP | Poly Cloud Service integrated:•Pano device information including device and room names, IP, MAC addresses, and serialnumbers•Microsoft tenant information including tenant domain, name, GUID, and e-mail (global ITadmin)•Authentication provider (if enabled) including name, client ID, client secret, tenant, and tenantIDPurpose of ProcessingPoly Pano processes information for the following purposes:Access ManagementConfiguration of device administration, content sharing rules, and integration with HP | Poly Cloud Service can be performed via an administrative web interface.Share and Annotate ContentPano primarily serves to allow users to collaboratively share data and annotate the shared content with a feature to save the shared and annotated content.Personal data is processed, only as it is relevant to the configuration of Pano and sharing of content and annotations.How Customer Data is Stored and ProtectedThe HP | Poly Cloud Service is hosted in the Microsoft Azure Cloud, in a data center located in the United States region of the Americas geography. Access to servers is limited to only authorized staff members. The servers are not directly accessible from outside the data center. They are accessed only via a secure ‘bastion’ server, with access limited to a small cohort of authorized HP | Poly Cloud Service personnel.HP | Poly may change the location of the HP | Poly Cloud Service in the future. Details of any such change shall be set forth in the latest copy of this white paper available on the HP | Poly website.For transferring personal data of E.U. customers to the U.S., HP | Poly uses an Intragroup Data Transfer Agreement incorporating the E.U. Standard Contractual Clauses as the transfer mechanism. Each HP | Poly Cloud Service customer’s data resides in the data center in a multi-tenant system and is compartmentalized using access controls to provide data isolation between HP | Poly customers. All customer data is encrypted both at rest and in transit using strong cryptography.All customer data is backed up daily. Normal access controls of authorized users and data security policies are followed for all backup data. No physical transport of backup media occurs. The backup data during rest and while in transit is encrypted using AES-256.Data PortabilityPoly Pano administrators can download the following customer data from the Pano:•System logs (as generated)Pano users connected with Pano App can download the following customer data, during an active session, with content saving enabled:•Saved content and annotations•Pano App logs (as generated)Data Deletion and RetentionFor customers who integrate with the HP | Poly Cloud Service, HP | Poly may retain customer data for as long as needed to provide the customer with any HP | Poly cloud services for which they have subscribed and for product improvement purposes. When a customer makes a request for deletion to ******************, HP | Poly will delete the requested data within 30 days, unless the data is required to provide the service to customer.HP | Poly may “anonymize” personal data in lieu of deletion. The anonymization process is irreversible and includes but is not limited to searching and sanitizing all customer-specific data (e.g., name, site information and IP address) with randomly generated alphanumeric characters.Secure DeploymentDeployment of Poly Pano is designed to support a variety of scenarios and work environments. Please consult the Pano Administrator Guide and Pano Deployment Guide for further details regarding deployment configurations and options.Cryptographic SecurityPoly Pano uses secure communication channels for all connections with content sharing devices, over data networks, and with integration to cloud services.Modules and TLS cipher suites implemented in the Pano and HP | Poly Cloud Service are open (i.e., publicly disclosed) and have been peer reviewed. Cryptographic libraries are regularly updated.Pano App implements OpenSSL cryptographic libraries on the system where the application is installed. Pano App will encrypt the HTTPS data stream to Pano over port 443, using TLS 1.2 and symmetric encryption algorithms. Secure communication channels also underpin the optional integration of Pano and Pano App to the HP | Poly Cloud Service.HTTPS (443) using TLS 1.2:•Compression: disabled•RFC 5746 renegotiationo Client-initiated: disabled•Ciphers:o AES 128/256o Key Exchange: ECDHE 256o SHA, SHA256, and SHA384 hashingCustomer access to HP | Poly Cloud Service administration, through the tenant web portal, will support HTTPS over port 443 using either TLS 1.1 or TLS 1.2. Otherwise, as noted above, with the following ciphers:•AES 128/256 (CBC, GCM)•Key Exchange: DHE 2048, ECDHE 256 •SHA, SHA256, and SHA384 hashingHP | Poly Cloud Service Integration (Optional) Poly Pano can be integrated with the HP | Poly Cloud Service. The service is hosted in a datacenter in the United States within the Microsoft Azure cloud to leverage the scalability, availability, and geographic redundancy offered with such an environment.Each HP | Poly Cloud Service customer is provided at least one tenant account that is created when the customer activates their HP | Poly Cloud Service. These accounts use an email address as the user ID. The email address is verified via an email that contains an activation link, allowing the user to configure a password for the account. Once signed in, users can then manage their passwords as needed, with the ability to reset their password if it is forgotten or change it at their discretion. All local passwords are stored in 1-way encrypted format using SHA-256 hashing.AuthenticationIt is also possible to federate the HP | Poly Cloud Service to the customer’s enterprise authentication service. The HP | Poly Cloud Service supports federation via OAuth 2.0 to both Microsoft Office365/Azure AD and to Microsoft Active Directory (via Active Directory Federation Services 3.0). This allows users to sign in with their enterprise user account credentials to the HP | Poly Cloud Service by entering them into the federated authentication provider’s own sign-in page and thus enjoy whatever level of Single Sign On (SSO) integration has been configured within their organization.The HP | Poly Cloud Service uses access tokens from the authentication provider that grant it limited and controlled access to resources owned by a user.•Access tokens are not stored by the cloud service. They are discarded after being used toobtain basic user profile information (user emailaddress, user display name).•Access tokens have limited lifetimes controlled by the authentication provider.Disaster Recovery and Business ContinuityPoly Pano is deployed on customer premises. Primary responsibility for Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity resides with the customer.Additionally, the Poly Trio conferencing system is architected to provide high reliability, resiliency and security.HP | Poly has a Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan reviewed and approved by management to ensure that we are appropriately prepared to respond to an unexpected disaster event. HP | Poly tests disaster recovery processes and procedures on an annual basis. We use the results of this testing process to evaluate our preparedness for disasters and to validate the completeness and accuracy of our policies and procedures.Security Incident ResponseThe HP | Poly Security Office (PSO) promptly investigates reported anomalies and suspected security breaches on an enterprise-wide level. You may contact the PSO directly at**************************The PSO team works proactively with customers, independent security researchers, consultants, industry organizations, and other suppliers to identify possible security issues with HP | Poly products and networks. HP | Poly security advisories and bulletins can be found on the HP Customer Support website.SubprocessorsHP | Poly uses certain subprocessors to assist in providing our products and services. A subprocessor is a third-party data processor who, on behalf of HP | Poly, processes customer data. Prior to engaging a subprocessor, HP | Poly executes an agreement with the subprocessor that is in accordance with applicable data protection laws.The subprocessor list here identifies HP | Poly’s authorized subprocessors and includes their name, purpose, location, and website. For questions, please contact ******************.Prior to engagement, suppliers that may process data on behalf of HP | Poly must undergo a privacy and security assessment. The assessment process is designed to identify deficiencies in privacy practices or security gaps and make recommendations for reduction of risk. Suppliers that cannot meet the security requirements are disqualified.Additional ResourcesTo learn more about Poly Pano, visit our website.DisclaimerThis white paper is provided for informational purposes only and does not convey any legal rights to any intellectual property in any HP | Poly product. You may copy and use this paper for your internal reference purposes only. HP | POLY MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS WHITE PAPER. THIS WHITE PAPER IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND MAY BE UPDATED BY HP | POLY FROM TIME TO TIME. To review the most current version of this white paper, please visit our website.© 2023 HP, Inc. All rights reserved. Poly and the propeller design are trademarks of HP, Inc. The Bluetooth trademark is owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc., and any use of the mark by HP, Inc. is under license. All other trademarks are the property。
东洋纺SYBR
®Green Realtime PCR Master Mix 0810 F0924K SYBR® Green Realtime PCR Master MixQPK-201T 1 mL x 1QPK-201 1 mL x 5Store at -20°C, protected from light Contents[1]Introduction[2]Components[3]Primer design[4]Detection[5]Specimens[6] Protocol1. Intercalation assay protocol using ABI PRISM® 77002. Intercalation assay protocol using Roche LightCycler™3. One-step RT-PCR using reverse transcriptase[7]Troubleshooting[8] Related productsC AUTIONAll reagents in this kit are intended for research purposes. Do not use for diagnosis or clinical purposes. Please observe general laboratory precaution and utilize safety while using this kit.-LightCycler™ is a trademark of Idaho Technology, Inc. and Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.-SYBR® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.-ABI PRISM® is a registered trademark of Perkin-Elmer Corporation.JAPAN CHINATOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio 1JAPAN CHINATOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************1[ 1 ] Introduction [ 2 ] Components [ 3 ] Primer design DescriptionThis product is a Taq DNA polymerase-based 2 x master mix for real-time PCR, which contains all components, except for the primer. This reagent is applicable for intercalation assay with SYBR® Green I.Features-This reagent can be used in glass capillary systems (e.g., LightCycler, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.).-This reagent can be used in a passive reference system (e.g., ABI PRISM® 7700, Applied Biosystems, Inc.). The passive reference dye does not affect any other systems. -Hot Start technology with anti-Taq DNA polymerase antibodies enables high specificity and reproducible amplification.This reagent includes the following components for 40 reactions (QPK-201T) and 200 reactions (QPK-201), 50 μl total reaction volume:<QPK-201T>SYBR® Green Realtime PCR Master Mix 1 ml<QPK-201>SYBR® Green Realtime PCR Master Mix 1 ml x 5Notes:This reagent can be stored at 4°C for 2 months and protected from light. For longer storage, this reagent should be kept at -20°C and protected from light.Primers should be designed according to the following guidelines:-Primer length: 20~30 mer-GC content of primer: 40~60%-Target length: ≤ 200 bp (optimally, ≤ 150bp)Notes:-Longer targets (>200 bp) reduce efficiency and specificity of amplification. The ideal target length range is 50~150 bp.-Since detection in an intercalation assay is affected by non-specific amplification, primers should be as specific as possible.JAPAN CHINATOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************2[ 4 ] Detection [ 5 ] Specimen This reagent can be used in general detection devices, such as:-LineGene (Bioer Technology co., ltd.)This reagent can also be used in detection equipment using glass capillaries or passive reference, such as:LightCycler (Roche Molecular Systems)ABI PRISM® 7000, 7700, and 7900 (Applied Biosystems)Note: The passive reference mode of detectors should be set at “ROX”.1. cDNA-Reverse transcription reactions from total or poly (A)+ RNA may be used directly, orafter dilution, for real-time PCR. Purified cDNA by phenol/chloroform extraction andethanol precipitation may also be used. Oligo dT and random primers are suitable forthe reverse transcription reaction.-Up to 20% of the synthesized cDNA solution from the ReverTra Ace® qPCR RT Kit(Code NO. FSQ-101) may be added to the PCR reaction solution directly, withoutpurification.2. Genomic DNA-Purified DNA, which would be used for general PCR, is also suitable for real-timePCR. In the case of mammalian genomic DNA, 1~10 ng genomic DNA is sufficientfor real-time PCR.Fig. 1 Amplification curves (left) and melting curves (right) with SYBR® Green Realtime PCR Master MixJAPAN CHINA TOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140 www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************3[ 6 ] Protocol1. Intercalation assay protocol using ABI PRISM ® 7700The following is an intercalator assay protocol to be used with ABI PRISM ® 7700. For other detection devices, this protocol may require modification depending on each instruction manual.(1) Preparation of reaction solutionNotes-The primer concentration can be further optimized, if needed. The optimal range for the primers is 0.2~0.6 μM. In the case of commercially available primers, recommended conditions from those companies should be used.(2) Cycling conditionThe following condition is recommended. Initially, a 3-step cycle should be used.Notes-The annealing temperature in 3-step cycle should be set to 55~65°C, depending of the primer Tm value.-The pre-denaturation condition described above is sufficient for inactivation of the anti-Taq DNA polymerase antibodies used in Hot Start PCR. To prevent unexpected and inappropriate results, do not prolong the pre-denaturation period. Fifteen seconds is also sufficient for denaturation during each cycle. -Data collection step should be longer than 30 sec.Component Volume Final Concentration PCR grade water 16 μlSYBR ®Green Realtime PCR Master Mix 25 μl 1x 10pmol/μl (10 μM) Primer #1 2 μl 0.4 μM 10pmol/μl (10 μM) Primer #2 2 μl 0.4 μM Template DNA 5 μl Total volume 50 μl <3-step cycle> Pre-denaturation: 95°C, 1 min. Denaturation: 95°C, 15 sec. Annealing: 55~65°C, 15 sec.Extension: 72°C, 45 sec. (data collection)Melting curve analysis<2-step cycle> Pre-denaturation: 95°C, 1 min.JAPAN CHINA TOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140 www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************42. Intercalation assay protocol using Roche LightCycler™The following is an intercalator assay protocol to be used with the Roche LightCycler™. In the case of other detection devices, this protocol should be modified accordingly.(1) Preparation of reaction solutionNotes-The primer concentration can be further optimized, if needed. The optimal range for primers is 0.2~0.6 μM. In the case of commercially available primers, recommended conditions from each manual should be followed.(2) Cycling conditionsThe following condition is recommended:Notes-The annealing temperature can be set to 55~65°C, depending on the primer Tm value. -The annealing time should be set for 5~20 seconds. Longer annealing time results in increased efficiency, and a shorter time decreases non-specific amplification.-The pre-denaturation condition described above is sufficient for inactivation of the anti-Taq DNA polymerase antibodies used in Hot Start PCR. To prevent unexpected and inappropriate results, do not prolong the pre-denaturation period. Five seconds is also sufficient for denaturation during each cycle. -Data collection step should be longer than 10 sec.-If commercially available primers or probes are employed, the recommended conditions from each company should be used.Component VolumeFinalConcentrationPCR grade water 6.4 μlSYBR ®Green Realtime PCR Master Mix 10 μl 1x 10pmol/μl (10 μM) Primer #1 0.8 μl 0.4 μM 10pmol/μl (10 μM) Primer #2 0.8 μl 0.4 μM Template DNA 2 μl Total volume 20 μl <3-step cycle> Pre-denaturation: 95°C, 30 sec. Denaturation: 95°C, 5 sec. Annealing: 55~65°C, 10 sec.Extension:72°C, 15 sec. (data collection)Melting curve analysisJAPAN CHINA TOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140 www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************53. One-step RT-PCR by adding a reverse transcriptaseThis reagent can be used for a one-step intercalator assay using reverse transcriptase. The following is a one-step protocol using this reagent and a high-efficiency reverse transcriptase, “ReverTra Ace ® (Code No. TRT-101)”.(1) Preparation of diluted RTase solution. <This solution is used in (2)>(2) Preparation of reaction solutionNotes-Because this method tends to result in non-specific amplifications, the conditions should be optimized. Primer and probe concentrations can be further optimized, if needed. In the case of commercially available primers or probes, recommended conditions from each manual should be employed.-The reverse transcriptase concentration should be decreased when primer dimmers are generated.Component VolumeFinalConcentrationPCR grade water 28 μl RNase inhibitor (40 U/μl) <Code No. SIN-201> 4 μl 5 U/μlReverTra Ace ®(100 U/μl) <Code No.TRT-101> 1 μl 3 U/μl Total volume 33 μl Component VolumeFinalConcentrationPCR grade water 11 μl Realtime PCR Master Mix 25 μl 1x 10 pmol/μl (10 μM) Primer #1 2 μl 0.4 μM 10 pmol/μl (10 μM) Primer #2 2 μl 0.4 μMDiluted RTase solution (ReverTra Ace ®3U/μl) 5 μl 0.3 U/ μl Template DNA 5 μl Total volume 50 μlJAPAN CHINA TOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140 www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************6(2) Cycling conditions for ABI PRISM ® 7700.The following cycle condition is recommended. In the case of other detection devices, this protocol should be modified accordingly.Notes-The reverse transcription step should take place at 42°C for 20 minutes. The pre-denaturation step should be at 95°C for 5 minutes to inactivate the antibodies against Taq DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase.-The annealing temperature can be set to 55~65°C, depending on the primer Tm value.(3) Cycling conditions for Roche LightCycler™The following cycle condition is recommended:Notes-The reverse transcription step should take place at 42°C for 20 minutes. The pre-denaturation step should be at 95°C for 5 minutes to inactivate the antibodies against Taq DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase.-The annealing temperature can be set to 55~65°C, depending on the primer Tm value.<3-step cycle> Reverse transcription 42°C, 20 min. Pre-denaturation: 95°C, 5 min. Denaturation: 95°C, 15 sec. Annealing:55~65°C, 15 sec.Extension: 72°C, 45sec. (data collection)Melting curve analysis<3-step cycle> Reverse transcription 42°C, 20 min. Pre-denaturation: 95°C, 5 min. Denaturation: 95°C, 5 sec. Annealing: 55~65°C, 10 sec.Extension:72°C, 15 sec. (data collection)Melting curve analysisJAPAN CHINATOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************7[ 7 ] TroubleshootingSymptom Cause SolutionIncorrect mode setting of detectorfor the fluorescence dye.Confirm the detector setting.Incorrect setting for data collection. Confirm the data collection setting.Incorrect setting for sample position.Reposition the sample tubes.Inappropriate concentration of primers. Optimize the concentration of primers according to instructions (see [6]).Inappropriate design of primers. Confirm specificity and Tm value of the primers.Inappropriate cycle conditions. Confirm the primer Tm value. A lower annealingtemperature increases amplification efficiency.For GC rich targets, an elongated denaturationtime might be effective.No amplificationLow purity or quality of samples Check the purity or quality of sample DNA.Failure or malfunction of the device Check the device.Low quality sample DNA. Repurify the sample DNA by phenol/chloroformextraction and ethanol precipitation, or othermethod.Inappropriate concentration of primers. Optimize the concentration of primers according to instructions (see [6]).Inappropriate design of primers. Confirm specificity and Tm values of the primers.Inappropriate cycle conditions. Confirm the Tm values of the primers. Variation in detectionVariation of dispensed volume. Increase the reaction volume.Contamination of amplicons or sample DNAs. Use fresh PCR grade water, and remake the primer solution and master mix.Signals in blankreactionsDetection of non-specificamplification.Optimize the primer and cycle conditions.JAPAN CHINATOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************8[ 8 ] Related productsProduct name Package Code No.High efficient cDNA synthesis kit for real-time PCR ReverTra Ace® qPCR RT Kit 200reactionsFSQ-101High efficient cDNA reverse transcriptaseReverTra Ace®10,000 U TRT-101RNase inhibitor (Recombinant type) 2,500USIN-201Real-time PCR master mix for probe assay Realtime PCR Master Mix 1 mL x 11 mL x 5QPK-101TQPK-101Real-time PCR master mix for SYBR® Green assay (improved version) SYBR® Green Realtime PCR Master Mix –Plus-1 mL x 11 mL x 5QPK-212TQPK-212One-step Real-time PCR master mix for probe assayRNA-direct™ Realtime PCR Master Mix 0.5 mL x 20.5 mL x 5QRT-101TQRT-101One-step Real-time PCR master mix for SYBR® Green assayRNA-direct™ SYBR® Realtime PCR Master Mix 0.5 mL x 20.5 mL x 5QRT-201TQRT-201JAPAN CHINA TOYOBO CO., LTD. TOYOBO Bio-Technology, CO., LTD.Tel(81)-6-6348-3888 Tel(86)-21-58794900.4140 www.toyobo.co.jp/e/bio********************NOTICE TO PURCHASER: LIMITED LICENSEUse of this product is covered by one or more of the following US patents and corresponding patent claims outside the US: 5,079,352, 5,789,224, 5,618,711, 6,127,155, 5,677,152, 5,773,258, 5,407,800, 5,322,770, 5,310,652, 5,994,056, 6,171,785, and claims outside the US corresponding to US Patent No. 4,889,818. The purchase of this product includes a limited, non-transferable immunity from suit under the foregoing patent claims for using only this amount of product for the purchaser’s own internal research. No right under any other patent claim (such as apparatus or system claims in US Patent No. 6,814,934) and no right to perform commercial services of any kind, including without limitation reporting the results of purchaser's activities for a fee or other commercial consideration, is conveyed expressly, by implication, or by estoppel. This product is for research use only. Diagnostic uses under Roche patents require a separate license from Roche. Further information on purchasing licenses may be obtained by contacting the Director of Licensing, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, California 94404, USA.。
瑞松纸业应用Sybase技术平台成功案例平台软件解决方案
瑞松纸业应用Sybase技术平台成功案例-平台软件解决方案客户介绍北京市华夏瑞和软件技术有限责任公司，成立于2001年6月19日，一直致力于企业信息化研究和管理软件开发，“瑞和”系列软件产品在铁路多经行业市场占据垄断地位，具体在贸易、煤炭、运输、旅游、造纸等十几个领域得到了广泛的应用。
公司在其他市场上，主要是软件产品、定制服务和应用方案的提供和推广，但销售尚未大规模展开。
瑞和公司是一家为企业和个人提供基于最新技术的软件产品及配套服务的软件制造商（Software Manufacturer），也是运用软件技术，帮助企业进行信息化建设，从而强化企业管理、提高企业整体效率的应用服务提供商（Application Service Provider）；公司拟通过为更多客户提供崭新的经营理念，培育崭新的生活方式和工作方式，从而成为二十一世纪中国有影响力的知名软件企业，从而为股东带来超额的利润回报。
瑞和产品关注于中小企业“成长”特性，遵循“助力”思路，尤其注重“适用性”和“可扩充性”。
目前，“瑞和财务系统”作为信息化第一阶段产品，已经将该系统覆盖，成为该系统汇总上报的统一口径，后续的产品OA、ERP等已经在系统内外得到了成功的实施，亟待广泛推广。
项目名称四川瑞松纸业有限公司ERP系统项目背景四川瑞松纸业有限公司成立于2003年6月，注册地为四川省乐山市，注册资本人民币5000万元，公司已通过ISO9001-2000质量管理体系认证，是“工业企业达标排放验收合格企业”。
公司主要经营范围为纸张和纸浆的生产、销售、技术开发等。
主导产品为“雪杉”牌高纯度绝缘木浆、电容器纸、高低压系列绝缘用纸、工业包装系列用纸、胶带原纸、电池基纸、本（漂）竹浆系列产品等。
其中高压、超高压绝缘纸为国内独家生产，500千伏以上产品拥有国家级保密技术，2种产品获国家银质奖，20多种产品先后被评为部优或省优产品，近10个产品填补了国内造纸工业的空白，多种产品已用在葛州坝、长江三峡等大型输变电国家重点工程上，也为我国新型远程地地导弹发射等国防、航空航天领域的重大项目提供了优质可靠的配套产品，并能研制和生产顾客有特殊需要的其它产品。
Sybase数据库简介
[精华] sybase 珍藏系列之一（from shanhan） 作者:jazy发表于：2006-12-01 10:39:54 【发表评论】【查看原文】【Sybase讨论区】【关闭】一、Sybase数据库简介1．版本1984年，Mark B. Hiffman和Robert Epstern创建了Sybase公司，并在1987年推出了Sybase数据库产品。
SYBASE主要有三种版本，一是UNIX操作系统下运行的版本，二是Novell Netware环境下运行的版本，三是Windows NT环境下运行的版本。
对UNIX操作系统目前广泛应用的为SYBASE 10 及SYABSE 11 for SCO UNIX。
2．Sybase数据库的特点（1）它是基于客户/服务器体系结构的数据库一般的关系数据库都是基于主/从式的模型的。
在主/从式的结构中，所有的应用都运行在一台机器上。
用户只是通过终端发命令或简单地查看应用运行的结果。
而在客户/服务器结构中，应用被分在了多台机器上运行。
一台机器是另一个系统的客户，或是另外一些机器的服务器。
这些机器通过局域网或广域网联接起来。
客户/服务器模型的好处是：●它支持共享资源且在多台设备间平衡负载●允许容纳多个主机的环境，充分利用了企业已有的各种系统（2）它是真正开放的数据库由于采用了客户/服务器结构，应用被分在了多台机器上运行。
更进一步，运行在客户端的应用不必是Sybase公司的产品。
对于一般的关系数据库，为了让其它语言编写的应用能够访问数据库，提供了预编译。
Sybase数据库，不只是简单地提供了预编译，而且公开了应用程序接口DB-LIB，鼓励第三方编写DB-LIB接口。
由于开放的客户DB-LIB允许在不同的平台使用完全相同的调用，因而使得访问DB-LIB的应用程序很容易从一个平台向另一个平台移植。
（3）它是一种高性能的数据库Sybase真正吸引人的地方还是它的高性能。
体现在以下几方面：●可编程数据库通过提供存储过程，创建了一个可编程数据库。
软件性能测试计划模板
软件性能测试计划模板篇一：性能测试计划模板XXXX系统性能测试方案编写：审核：批准：软件产品名称： XXXX 软件开发部门： XXXX 软件测试部门： XXXXXXX 日期：20XX 年 11 月 8 日XXX 日期：20XX 年11 月 10 日日期：年月日1．引言测试方案概述方案名称：xxxx系统性能测试方案测试部门：xxxxxxxx 科技发展有限公司目的本测试方案将对国美电器供应链系统的测试方法、测试工具、测试范围、测试的软件硬件环境、测试进度、测试人员的分工和职责以及测试流程进行详细的定义和整体的描述。
系统概述产品名称： xx供应链系统JL SCM 开发部门： xxxx 有限公司在企业的信息化建设中，北京国美电器有限公司将在全国范围内实施“金力供应链系统 JL SCM”，该系统中采用了Sybase 最新版本的企业智能型关系数据库产品Adaptive Server Enterprise 及复制服务器产品Sybase Replication Server，由武汉金力软件有限公司开发并协助实施。
国美电器实施的“金力供应链系统 JL SCM”，从现代企业理念、物流体系和全方位服务的角度，完全解决了企业的决策、计划、管理、核算、经营、物流、服务、人事及电子商务等问题。
2.术语和定义性能测试：在一定约束条件下（指定的软件、硬件和网络环境等）确定系统所能承受的最大负载压力的测试过程。
场景：一种文件，用于根据性能要求定义在每一个测试会话运行期间发生的事件。
虚拟用户：在场景中， LoadRunner 用虚拟用户代替实际用户。
模拟实际用户的操作来使用应用程序。
一个场景可以包含几十、几百甚至几千个虚拟用户。
虚拟用户脚本：用于描述虚拟用户在场景中执行的操作。
事务：表示要度量的最终用户业务流程。
3.测试流程负载测试通常由五个阶段组成：计划、脚本创建、场景定义、场景执行和结果分析。
计划负载测试：定义性能测试要求，例如并发用户的数量、典型业务流程和所需响应时间。
SYBR核酸凝胶染料
SYBR 核酸凝胶染料简介自从1993年底我们的SYBR®核酸凝胶染料推出以来，由于其高灵敏度和易用性而迅速大受欢迎。
然而，正如任何新技术一样，都有很多东西要学习。
每种SYBR染料的基本使用信息都包含在染料附带的产品信息单中。
这份有用提示详细说明了基本的信息，能帮助你最有效地利用这些出色的染料。
这些提示分成几部分，分别聚焦特定的主题。
在此文档中，“SYBR 染料”指的是SYBR Gold、SYBR Green I或SYBR Green II凝胶染料。
任何值得注意的差异都已在文中标出。
储存与操作1.1储存液SYBR染料以DMSO储存液的形式提供。
我们发现这些染料对于反复解冻特别稳定。
我们推荐尽可能避光保存这些染料，尤其是一旦稀释待用时。
我们还推荐将储存液分装成小份以方便使用，或购买20×50 μl的特殊包装。
小份染料将更快解冻。
1.2在DMSO储存液中的浓度变化使用未完全解冻的储存液将导致染色效率随时间降低。
当储存液解冻时，染料更集中于先解冻的液体DMSO中。
后继的几次不完全解冻将进一步降低剩余储存液中染料的浓度。
因此在移液之前须确保所有体积完全解冻，并充分混匀，这是非常必要的。
将染料溶液分装成小份储存将大大加快熔解过程。
1.3储存容器聚丙烯塑料（标以循环次数5）结合的染料最少，而玻璃结合的染料最多。
含有SYBR染料的溶液不应与玻璃接触。
不过即使是塑料，染料在一段时间内也会逐渐饱和塑料。
你会发现储存后的溶液染色不佳，直到存储的塑料容器被染料饱和。
由于这种现象，我们推荐你保留染色皿和储存容器，专供SYBR染料使用。
我们最喜爱的SYBR染料储存容器是Rubbermaid Servin Saver® 的三明治盒子。
1.4工作液的保质期在储存过程中工作液的稳定性取决于容器的类型（详见 1.3，储存容器）、缓冲液系统（详见后文的染色问题）以及储存条件。
按照推荐方式制备的工作液应储存在密封、避光（锡箔包裹或暗处）的聚丙烯容器中，置于冰箱。
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Sybase 企业门户解决方案
更加贴近企业的应用需求
互连网络的发展使许多企业已经进入了互连经济，他们通过可以连接全球的商业模式和国际互连网的使用，可以实现快捷的信息传送以及直接的客户介入。
但是企业中各个系统的相互独立性造成了信息渠道的混乱状况。
企业系统中各类人员的信息渠道多种多样，互不兼容，没有一个统一的应用界面让系统使用者可以根据自己的需要获得想要的信息，这种现状不利于电子商务应用模式的建立。
如何通过一个单独的界面给客户、供应商、雇员和合作伙伴提供全面的企业信息和应用呢，这是一个急待解决的难题。
现在，以企业门户技术为依托的E-business模式，提供了解决这一难题的方法。
企业门户——e-Business 解决方案
企业门户(EP)是将Web技术与企业的运作过程相集成的解决方案，提供了一个单独的网关来访问信息和应用。
企业门户可以对未组织的信息进行编目和跟踪，例如字处理文件，并将其发送给用户的桌面电脑。
企业门户也可以访问国际互连网上的内容，并根据用户的商业需求和在企业中的角色来过滤这些内容。
一个企业门户通过开放和封闭的网络，提供了数据和信息的传递，使用户更方便地来了解与企业有关的信息。
企业门户能够将存储在公司数据库、数据仓库和文件中的数据转换为可用的信息。
它可以使你在公司内和公司外快速地改变信息，并通过浏览器传送信息。
分散的公司通过网络连
接在一起，加上最新型的信息传递方式，这就意味着在很短的时间内，获取正确的信息，传送给正确的用户，从而提高了生产率。
企业门户使得你和客户、合作伙伴以及供应商之间的商业往来变得很容易。
它控制事务的处理和内容，使得公司内部和相互之间的通信和交易变得更加有效率。
企业门户提高商业的运行效率，所以减少了商业运作的成本，并且解放了大量人力、物力资源，使其可以用于新的难题和市场。
企业门户可以减少生产循环的时间，提高客户服务质量。
它还能够用来建立客户和供应商之间的交互式关系，更快、更好地发送新的产品，传送新的服务，从而增加收益、扩大市场分额。
Sybase已经开发了他们自己的企业门户，用于改善他们与客户和合作伙伴之间的业务和交易。
企业门户方案是从一个为技术支持设计的门户开始的。
他们的客户服务企业门户使得Sybase 的雇员、客户和合作伙伴能够将对自己有益的信息个人化，实现与其他客户的联系和通信，并能通过企业门户订购Sybase产品。
这个门户与Sybase的许多应用系统相连接，比如购买和电话跟踪系统，以及大量的未组织的文档文件。
很明显，这种门户将使整个企业都受益。
Sybase 为了帮助他们的用户实现电子商务应用，提供了全面的工具产品和服务，这些产品和服务是通过Internet实现对内容、商务、通信等方面集成化的和个性化的访问。
企业门户——重新构造企业信息系统
对于快速开发和提交电子商务解决方案来说，Sybase企业门户是一个完整的产品解决方案。
Sybase企业门户是对现有的商业过程和解决方案进行集成，而不是替代已经建立的系统。
为了对最终用户保持服务的有效性，Sybase企业门户提供了持续可用性的功能，并提供了可升级能力，以便应付国际互连网不可预测的需求。
Sybase企业门户还提供了完成以下三个功能所需的全部技术。
1)与现有商业过程的无缝集成；
2)基于角色的内容组织；
3)对于最终用户的个性化的、基于预定义文件的信息传递。
Sybase设想了一个个性化商业运作模式的未来。
Sybase企业门户提供了一个对相互独立
的内容、商务和通信的无缝集成。
你的客户不再必需为了获得技术支持与服务部门联系，不必为了产品的升级与销售部门联系，也不必为了获得同等的信息与用户组联系。
Sybase企业门户集成了所有这些事务处理过程，而且，它使这些事务处理过程个性化，并使得这些处理过程在每天24 小时、一周7天中都可以进行。
你的公司的竞争优势包含在你现存的商业系统中。
Sybase企业门户使你能够平衡这些系统、集成这些系统、并使它们适应电子商务的要求。
Sybase企业门户最重要的特性是它与遗留数据、商业事件和打包应用的紧密集成。
Sybase 企业门户将你现在成功的商业过程扩展到了网络上，而不必重新规划或重新设计你已经存在的程序。
Sybase企业门户也为这些来自不同资源的信息提供了一个无缝的、个性化的窗口。
最终，你公司里的每一个人都能知道他应该了解的信息。
Sybase企业门户——一个全面的解决方案
作为一个门户解决方案，Sybase企业门户具有引人注目的优势。
它是建立在先进的Sybase技术上，支持开放的门户技术，并由Sybase门户服务进行支持。
Sybase企业门户是一个全面的解决方案，它包括以下内容：
⏹个性化
⏹内容管理
⏹协作
⏹搜索功能
⏹安全性和用户管理
⏹可升级性和持续可用性
⏹GUI系统管理
⏹企业集成
更重要的是，Sybase企业门户在提供这些服务时，并不需要牺牲已经建立好的、经过测试的、成熟的现有系统。
Sybase企业门户将与你已有的商业过程和解决方案进行集成，而不是启动一个耗资很大的应用开发周期，否则，企业已有的系统对尚未经过测试的技术来说是毫无意义的。
为商业过程减少“循环时间”
Sybase企业门户的重点在于集成化，它减少了完成整个商业过程所需的时间。
为了说明这一点，可以假设你已经完成了一个用于收集在线订单的网络订单输入系统，但是，在后台，订单仍然是由人工操作传送到发货系统，目录清单系统也是由人工操作完成目录更新，并与库存情况保持一致。
通过实现一个集成的、具有门户功能的结构，你将不仅可以进行在线订货，还可以更新目录并在线通知发货系统。
所以，仓库中没有的项目将不会提供给客户。
利用Sybase企业门户将不同的系统集成在一起，大大的减少了完成商务过程的时间，所以改善了客户的感受。
支持新商业模式的灵活性
在线商业的涌入已经提出了适应和支持新的商业模式的需求。
例如，你在一个公司的市场部门工作，这个部门负责发布新产品。
在市场活动中从发货到送货的时间是非常短的。
你打算让你的邮递中心自动获取你的客户信息，但是你的IT部门却通知你，要完成一个能够实现一对一的电子邮递系统需要三个月的时间。
为了保证从发货到送货的时间，你唯一的选择就是外购这个项目。
然而，外购又引出了另一个问题：你无法与外购提供商的输出设备集成。
但是，Sybase的企业门户结构是建立在开放标准之上的，它可以与外部系统相集成。
Sybase企业门户给你提供了在快速环境中支持新的商业模式的灵活性。
根据市场计时
在实现业务在线联机时，最大的挑战是时间和质量。
这个过程的实现需要经过专门训练的人员，他们需要具有业务方面的专门技术和实施联机系统的经验。
Sybase解决方案包括门户服务，门户服务提供了战略专家、域专家和实施专家作为全方位的补充。
Sybase在全球范围提供24*7支持，并给分布在世界各地的各企业的分支机构提供服务和协调。
Sybase专业服务部门雇佣了经验丰富的开发方面的方法专家，从而保证了及时的应用提交。
Sybase的优势
众多企业都需要一个世界知名的Internet解决方案，在这方面，Sybase已经具有了许多经验。
作为1998 年世界杯足球联赛的关键供应商，Sybase现在十分自豪的拥有每天、每小时、每周、每三十天的最高站点访问纪录，这个纪录已被收入基尼斯世界纪录。
Sybase长期以来致力于倡导“信息无处不在”的理念。
Sybase 使得企业能够在他们所需的任何地方提交、集成和管理内容、应用和数据。
正是由于Sybase 给客户提供最好的产品、服务和解决方案，使他们能够利用信息技术作为战略工具，Sybase已经和世界上的很多知名的客户建立了长期的合作关系。