Chapter_8_Media_and_Sports_(finished)

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Chap.8

The timing of the game is:
(1) the union makes a wage demand, ; (2) the firm observes (and accepts)
and then chooses employment, L;
(3) payoffs are U (, L) and (, L).
• Consider two identical countries, denoted by i = 1, 2.
• Each country has a government that chooses a tariff rate, a firm that produces output for both home consumption and export, and consumers who buy on the home market from either the home firm or the foreign firm.
3. Tariffs and Imperfect International Competition
The firm in country i (hereafter called firm i) produces qi , for home consumption and ej for export. Thus, Qi qi e j
9
2 (a c)2 9
firm 1 1 (a c)2
8
3 (a c)2
firm 2 1 (a c)2 16
16
8.1 Stackelberg model of duopoly
• In the Stackelberg game, firm 1 could have achieved its Cournot profit level but chose to do otherwise, so firm 1’s profit in the Stackelberg game must exceed its profit in the Cournot game.

牛津译林版(2023)选择性必修第二册Unit1 The mass media Integrated

牛津译林版（2023）选择性必修第二册Unit1 The mass media Integrated Skills 详细讲解课件（共39张PPT，内嵌音频）(共39张PPT)Unit 1 The Mass MediaIntegrated SkillsDiscussing online news media新译林2023版选必二Printed MediaOnline MediaWhich is your way to read newsLeading-inwatching TV programmesreading news stories on my mobile phonereading newspapersLead-inHow do you get news updates every dayCHINADAILY头条print editionsdigital editionsa news appmembershipA chartincreasedecreasedeclineReadingOver the past 15 years, online media has become ___________ popular, while the number of people who use broadcast media has decreased _________, and the number of people who use print media has been in _________ decline.increasinglyslightlysharpThe rise of online news mediaThe rise of online news mediaThe past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. In the mid-1990s, due to the popularity of personal computers and increased Internet access, some newspapers began to publish their own digital editions on the Internet. People can read the same contentonline as is printed in the newspapers every day.过去的几十年见证了网络新闻媒体的快速发展。

广东高一英语开学考试卷

广东高一英语开学考试卷I. Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section A: Short ConversationsDirections: In this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. A question will be asked about each conversation, and you must choose the best answer from the four choices given.1. What is the man going to do?A) Go to the library.B) Go to the gym.C) Go to the cinema.D) Go to the bookstore.2. Why is the woman feeling upset?A) She lost her keys.B) She missed her bus.C) She failed the exam.D) She broke her phone.(Continue with six more questions based on the conversations provided.)Section B: Long ConversationsDirections: Listen to the conversations and answer the questions that follow.11. What does the woman suggest they do after school?A) Go to a party.B) Visit a museum.C) Play basketball.D) Study in the library.12. What is the man's opinion about the new math teacher?A) He is very strict.B) He is very helpful.C) He is very boring.D) He is very friendly.(Continue with additional questions based on the conversations provided.)II. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)Section A: VocabularyDirections: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.21. The _______ of the old building was magnificent, and it attracted many tourists.A) structureB) sceneryC) decorationD) architecture22. She was _______ by his sudden appearance at the door.A) astonishedB) annoyedC) delightedD) bored(Continue with additional questions based on vocabulary.)Section B: GrammarDirections: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in parentheses.31. The teacher asked the students to _______ their homework on time.(complete)32. The _______ of the ancient city is well preserved and attracts many visitors.(history)(Continue with additional grammar questions.)III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section A: Reading PassagesDirections: Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.Passage 1: "The History of the Internet"41. What was the main purpose of ARPANET?A) To connect universities.B) To support military communication.C) To provide entertainment.D) To facilitate business transactions.42. When was the World Wide Web invented?A) 1969.B) 1989.C) 1991.D) 1993.(Continue with additional questions based on the passage.)Section B: Information MatchingDirections: Match the information in the question with the correct passage.51. The best place to learn about the history of computers.A) Passage 2B) Passage 3C) Passage 4D) Passage 552. The most popular social media platform in 2024.A) Passage 2B) Passage 3C) Passage 4D) Passage 5(Continue with additional matching questions.)IV. Writing (20 points)Section A: Summary WritingDirections: Read the passage below and write a summary in no more than 60 words.Passage: "The Impact of Technology on Education"(Provide a passage for summary writing.)Section B: Essay WritingDirections: Write an essay of 120-150 words on the following topic.Topic: "The Role of English in Today's Globalized World"(Provide a space for essay writing.)End of the TestPlease note that this is a sample test paper, and the actual content will vary depending on the specific requirements and standards set by the educational institution.。

高一英语(译林牛津版) 必修一教师用书 Unit1 School life

Unit 1School life【美文阅读】School years in different countries当你正在享受假期的时候，世界上有些国家的孩子却还在学校里学习。

由于地域、文化、时区的差异，在世界上不同的国家，学校里的学制、假期及课程安排等也形式各异。

Somewhere in the world, right now, students are hard at work in school and some are enjoying holidays. With over 190 nations across the globe's 24 time zones(时区), there are different types of school year. Here's a brief introduction to the typical school year in the following three countries.AustraliaStudents in Australia attend school for 200 days a year. Their school year lasts from late January to late November. Since Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere(半球), it experiences summer while it's winter in China. Summer vacation for Australian students is from December to late January. The school year in Australia is divided into four terms, with each term lasting 9 to 11 weeks. Students then have two weeks of vacation between each term. The typical school day is from 9 a．m. to 3：30 p．m., and lunch is eaten at school. Students are required to attend school for at least nine years.FranceThe school day in France typically runs from 8 a．m. to 4 p．m., with a half day on Saturday. Lunch is a two-hour break for public school students. Students usually attend school from the age of 6 to 18. The school year lasts from August to June, and is divided into four seven-week terms. Students in the primary grades learn basic skills in reading, writing, and math, as well as participate(参与) in exercises to develop observation，imagination, and physical abilities. Older students study French, math, physical and natural sciences, foreign language, history, etc.JapanMost Japanese schools run on a trimester(三学期制) schedule. The school year begins in April and ends in the following March, with summer, winter and spring holidays to separate the three terms. Uniforms are required and there are many rules for hairstyles, shoes, socks, skirt length, etc. Students in Japan study academic subjects, such as Japanese language, math, reading, social studies, and they also receive moral(道德的) education. Moral education involves teaching students about health and safety, understanding and confidence, public manners, and environmental awareness.From：http：//www.factmonster. com【诱思导学】1．What is the difference between our school year and theirs?【答案】We have different terms. There are usually two terms in our school year while in both Australia and France, they have four terms and Japan has three.2．Do you think our present school year is good or not, and why?【答案】It is hard to say good or bad because different countries lie in different time zones, they enjoy different holidays and different schools.3．Do you want to know the school life in the UK？Why or why not?【答案】Yes. Because the school life in the UK interests me very much./No. Because I have no interest in the school life there. It's none of my business.Period ⅠPreviewing(教师用书独具)●教学目标本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

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2025年全国大学英语CET四级考试试卷及答案指导

2025年全国大学英语CET四级考试模拟试卷及答案指导一、写作（15分）WritingTask: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “The Importance of Reading in Life.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. You should base your essay on the outline given below:1.Introduce the significance of reading in daily life.2.Discuss the benefits of reading, such as expanding vocabulary, improving writing skills, and enhancing knowledge.3.Conclude by expressing your personal views on the importance of reading.Example:Reading: The Key to a Wealthy MindIn today’s fast-paced world, reading has become an essential part of daily life. It is not merely a hobby but a crucial tool for personal and professional growth.Firstly, reading greatly expands one’s vocabulary. By encountering new words and phrases in various contexts, individuals can enrich their languageskills and express themselves more effectively. Moreover, reading improves writing skills by providing examples of good sentence structure and persuasive arguments.Secondly, reading broadens one’s knowledge. Whether it’s through novels, non-fiction books, or articles, reading exposes us to different cultures, ideas, and perspectives. This not only fosters critical thinking but also helps us understand the world around us better.In conclusion, reading is an invaluable activity that enriches our minds and enhances our lives. It is through reading that we can continue to grow, learn, and adapt to the ever-changing world. As such, I firmly believe that reading should be a lifelong pursuit.Analysis:This example essay effectively addresses the topic by following the given outline. The introduction clearly states the significance of reading in daily life. The body paragraphs then discuss the benefits of reading, with the first paragraph focusing on vocabulary expansion and the second on knowledge enhancement. The conclusion summarizes the essay’s main points and reinforces the importance of reading.The essay demonstrates a good command of language, with a variety of sentence structures and appropriate vocabulary usage. It also maintains a coherent flow of ideas, making it easy for the reader to follow the aut hor’s argument.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题Passage OneNews Item 1:A new study reveals that the number of people working from home has doubled in the past year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many companies have embraced remote work as a way to reduce costs and improve employee satisfaction. However, experts warn that this trend may lead to increased mental health issues among workers. The study suggests that employers should provide support systems to help employees manage the challenges of working from home.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the news item?A) The benefits of working from home.B) The challenges of working from home.C) The increase in remote work during the pandemic.D) The impact of remote work on mental health.2、Why have many companies embraced remote work?A) To reduce costs.B) To improve employee satisfaction.C) Both A and B.D) To address the COVID-19 pandemic.3、What is the concern expressed by experts regarding the trend of workingfrom home?A) It may lead to a decrease in employee satisfaction.B) It may increase mental health issues among workers.C) It may cause a decline in productivity.D) It may lead to more workplace accidents.Answers:1、C2、C3、B第二题News Item 1:A new study has shown that consuming green tea may help reduce the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, found that compounds in green tea called polyphenols can protect brain cells from the damage caused by toxins. The study followed over 1,000 individuals over a period of 10 years. Those who consumed green tea regularly were 50% less likely to develop Parkinson’s disease than those who did not.Questions:1、What is the main finding of the study conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles?A) Green tea can completely cure Parkinson’s disease.B) Regular consumption of green tea may reduce the risk of developingParkinson’s disease.C) Only those who drink green tea are at risk of develop ing Parkinson’s disease.D) Polyphenols in green tea are harmful to brain cells.2、How long did the study follow the participants?A) 5 yearsB) 7 yearsC) 10 yearsD) 12 years3、According to the study, what percentage reduction in the risk of developing P arkinson’s disease was observed in regular green tea consumers compared to non-consumers?A) 20%B) 30%C) 40%D) 50%Answers:1、B) Regular consumption of green tea may reduce the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.2、C) 10 years3、D) 50%三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题听力原文：A. Man: Hey, are you ready for the CET-4 exam?B. Woman: Yeah, I’ve been studying really hard for the past few months.I think I’m ready.A. Man: That’s good to hear. Do you have any tips for the listening section?B. Woman: Well, I would say practice is key. Listen to English news, watch English movies, and try to understand the conversations.A. Man: And what about the reading section?B. Woman: I would focus on reading a variety of materials like newspapers, magazines, and online article s. It’s important to get used to different styles of writing.A. Man: I see. And what about the writing section?B. Woman: For the writing section, I would recommend practicing writing essays on different topics. It’s also important to check your grammar and punctuation.A. Man: That makes sense. I’m going to do the same thing. Good luck!B. Woman: Thanks, and good luck to you too!选择题：1、What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. Preparation for the CET-4 examB. Different sections of the CET-4 examC. Tips for improving English listening skillsD. The importance of practice for the CET-4 exam2、What does the woman say about the listening section?A. She suggests focusing on reading materials.B. She thinks it’s important to practice listening to English news.C. She recommends studying grammar for the listening section.D. She suggests practicing writing essays for the listening section.3、What does the woman say about the reading section?A. She believes it’s important to study grammar for the reading section.B. She thinks it’s important to practice listening to English news.C. She recommends focusing on a variety of reading materials.D. She suggests practicing writing essays for the reading section.4、What does the woman suggest for the writing section?A. She recommends studying grammar for the writing section.B. She thinks it’s important to practice listening to English news.C. She suggests focusing on a variety of reading materials.D. She recommends practicing writing essays on different topics.答案：1、A2、B3、C4、D第二题Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions.W: Hi, John. How was your weekend?M: Oh, it was great. I decided to take a trip to the countryside. I went to visit an old friend who lives there.W: That sounds nice. Did you do anything specific?M: Yes, we went for a hike in the mountains. It was beautiful. We also stopped by a small village for lunch.W: Did you try any local dishes?M: Absolutely. We had this delicious chicken dish with potatoes and vegetables. It was so flavorful.W: That sounds amazing. How long did you stay?M: We spent the whole day there. We didn’t leave until evening. It was a perfect getaway.W: I wish I could go somewhere like that. What did you do when you got back?M: I just relaxed and took a nice, long shower. I was exhausted from all the walking.W: Sounds like a good way to unwind. Do you think you’ll go back anytime soon?M: I think so. My friend and I are planning another trip next month.1.What did the man do over the weekend?A) He stayed home.B) He visited a friend in the countryside.C) He went to the beach.D) He had a staycation.2.Why did the man go to the countryside?A) To see a family member.B) To attend a conference.C) To go hiking.D) To visit a museum.3.What did the man and his friend do while in the countryside?A) They watched a movie.B) They went shopping.C) They went for a hike.D) They had a picnic.4.What did the man say about the local food?A) It was too spicy.B) It was not as good as he expected.C) It was delicious and flavorful.D) It was too expensive.Answers:1.B) He visited a friend in the countryside.2.C) They went for a hike.3.C) They went for a hike.4.C) It was delicious and flavorful.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题听力篇章Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.American football, originally a college game, was introduced into the United States by Walter Camp, who is called the “Father of American Football.” Camp was a coach at Yale University, and he is known as the man who invented the system of numbering the players on the field. The game was originally played by using a soccer ball. Camp suggested that a ball resembling a prolate spheroid (椭球体) be used. This ball is rounder than a soccer ball and is used in American football today.The rules of the game were also established by Camp. He divided the field into two sections, with the goal line in the center. The game was played with a single ball, and each team tried to carry the ball across the opponent’s goal line. The first team to do so would win the game. Camp also introduced the concept of tackling, which is the act of tackling an opponent to the ground. This is still a fundamental part of the game today.Over the years, American football has become a professional sport, with teams competing in the National Football League (NFL). The NFL is the most popular professional football league in the United States. The game is also played in high schools and colleges across the country.1、What is Walter Camp known for in American football?A)、Being the founder of the NFL.B)、Inventing the system of numbering players on the field.C)、Introducing the game to the United States.D)、Establishing the rules of the game.2、What did Camp suggest as a replacement for the soccer ball in the early days of American football?A)、A ball with a square shape.B)、A ball resembling a prolate spheroid.C)、A ball with a flat surface.D)、A ball with a hole in the center.3、According to the passage, what is the main objective of each team in an American football game?A)、To score points by carrying the ball across the opponent’s goal line.B)、To tackle the opponent’s players to the ground.C)、To win the game by scoring the most points.D)、To pass the ball to the opponent’s team.第二题PassageIn recent years, the concept of “slow living” has gained significant attention around the world. This movement encourages people to slow down their pace of life and appreciate the present moment. One of the key principles ofslow living is the emphasis on local and sustainable consumption.The fast-paced modern world has led to increased stress, anxiety, and a sense of being overwhelmed. Many people feel that they are constantly chasing after time, and they often forget to take care of their physical and mental health. Slow living advocates believe that by reducing the pace of life, individuals can achieve a better work-life balance and lead a more fulfilling life.One way to practice slow living is by supporting local businesses and consuming locally produced goods. This not only helps to strengthen the local economy but also reduces the carbon footprint associated with long-distance transportation. For example, buying fresh produce from local farmers’ markets not only supports local agriculture but also ensures that the food is fresh and nutritious.Moreover, slow living encourages people to connect with others and build strong communities. Activities such as cooking together, sharing meals, and engaging in community service are all part of the slow living philosophy. These activities foster a sense of belonging and reduce social isolation.However, the transition to slow living can be challenging. It requires a conscious effort to change habits and prioritize experiences over material possessions. It also means being more mindful of one’s consumption and making sustainable choices.Questions:1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The benefits of fast livingB) The importance of consuming locally produced goodsC) The concept and principles of slow livingD) The challenges of practicing slow living2、According to the passage, what is one of the positive effects of slow living?A) Increased stress and anxietyB) A better work-life balanceC) Higher levels of social isolationD) Less appreciation for the present moment3、Why is supporting local businesses important in the context of slow living?A) It helps to reduce the carbon footprint of long-distance transportationB) It encourages people to consume more material possessionsC) It promotes global economic dominanceD) It leads to the decline of local agricultureAnswers:1、C2、B3、A第三题Passage OneWhen it comes to working with animals, you might think of a veterinarian,a person who treats sick animals. But in the United States, some people work with animals without treating them. They train them to do certain things. These people are known as animal trainers.The work of an animal trainer can be difficult. Not all animals are willing to do what they are asked. Sometimes, a trainer has to work for hours without getting any results. But when an animal finally performs a task correctly, the trainer feels a great sense of satisfaction.Many animal trainers work with animals that perform in shows. These animals might be seen in circuses, zoos, or on television. They can also be seen in commercials. Animal trainers work with many different kinds of animals. Some work with dogs, cats, and other pets. Others work with animals that are not pets, such as horses, dolphins, and even bears.Animal trainers use different methods to train animals. They use positive reinforcement, which means that they reward an animal when it does something right. They also use negative reinforcement, which means that they punish an animal when it does something wrong. Some trainers use a combination of both methods.Training animals can be dangerous. A trainer might be bitten or scratched by an animal. Even when an animal seems friendly, it can still be unpredictable. That’s why animal trainers must be careful and patient.Questions:1、What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe the difficulties faced by animal trainers.B. To explain the different methods used by animal trainers.C. To discuss the various types of animals that animal trainers work with.D. To introduce the concept of animal trainers and their work.2、According to the passage, how do animal trainers feel when an animal finally performs a task correctly?A. DisappointedB. AnnoyedC. SatisfiedD. Bored3、What is one potential danger associated with being an animal trainer?A. Being late for workB. Not getting enough sleepC. Being bitten or scratched by an animalD. Forgetting to feed the animalsAnswers:1、D2、C3、C五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）第一题Read the following passage and then answer the questions by choosing the most suitable word for each blank from the four choices given below.In the fast-paced modern world, technology has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and even how we interact with others. One of the most significant advancements in technology is the internet, which has transformed the way we access information and connect with people from all over the world.However, despite its numerous benefits, technology also poses several challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact it has on our mental health. Excessive use of smartphones and other electronic devices can lead to problems such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Additionally, the internet has made it easier for people to become victims of cyberbullying and online scams.1、It is crucial to maintain a balance between technology and our personal lives to ensure a healthy lifestyle.2、The internet has made it easier for people to access information, but it has also increased the risk of falling victim to online scams.3、Excessive use of smartphones and other electronic devices can have severe consequences for our mental health.4、In today’s world, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives.5、One of the challenges of technology is the negative impact it can haveon our mental well-being.A. indispensableB. revolutionizeC. accessD. cyberbullyingE. indispensableF. revolutionizeG. accessH. cyberbullying答案1、A2、H3、D4、E5、B第二题Reading PassageAs the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the importance of cultural competence has become more pronounced. Cultural competence refers to the ability to understand, appreciate, and interact effectively with people from different cultural ba ckgrounds. This skill is particularly valuable in today’s globalized economy, where companies and organizations are more likely to work with international partners and clients.One key aspect of cultural competence is the ability to communicate effectively across cultures. This involves not only understanding the linguistic differences but also being aware of the non-verbal cues and social norms that vary from one culture to another. For example, a high-context culture, like Japan, relies heavily on non-verbal communication and indirect communication, while a low-context culture, like the United States, tends to value direct and explicit communication.The following passage contains vocabulary that may be new to you. Choose the most appropriate word from the list below to complete each sentence. Thereare more words than sentences, so there will be some extra words. Do not use any of the words more than once.Vocabulary List:1.Acculturation2.Cohesion3.Diversify4.Harmony5.Integration6.Intricate7.Mnemonic8.Paradoxical9.Proliferate10.SynergySentences:1、The company has decided to__________their workforce to better represent the diversity of their client base.2、After years of living abroad, she felt a sense of__________with her new culture.3、The manager emphasized the importance of cultural__________in order to foster a positive work environment.4、The museum exhibit showcased the__________designs of various civilizations throughout history.5、To remember the names of all the new employees, he used a__________device to create memorable associations.Answers:1.Diversify2.Acculturation3.Cohesion4.Intricate5.Mnemonic六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Reading Passage OneIn recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of social media on young people’s mental health. While social media platforms offer numerous benefits, such as connectivity and access to information, they also pose significant risks to the mental well-being of users, especially teenagers. This passage explores the effects of social media on young people’s mental health and discusses potential solutions to mitigate these risks.Paragraph 1Social media has become an integral part of daily life for many young people. Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter allow teenagers to connect with friends, share experiences, and express themselves. However, this constantexposure to the curated lives of others can lead to feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and depression.Questions:1、What is the main concern expressed in the first paragraph?A. The benefits of social media.B. The risks of social media.C. The impact of social media on daily life.D. The role of social media in teenagers’ lives.2、According to the passage, which of the following is a potential negative effect of social media on young people’s mental health?A. Increased self-esteem.B. Enhanced social skills.C. Reduced feelings of inadequacy.D. Heightened anxiety and depression.Paragraph 2Research has shown that excessive use of social media can lead to sleep disturbances, as teenagers spend more time on their devices rather than getting enough rest. Additionally, the constant need for validation and approval from peers can contribute to feelings of low self-worth and anxiety.Questions:3、What is one consequence of excessive social media use mentioned in the second paragraph?A. Improved sleep quality.B. Increased self-worth.C. Reduced anxiety.D. Sleep disturbances.4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential negative effect of social media use on mental health?A. Anxiety.B. Depression.C. Improved social skills.D. Sleep disturbances.Paragraph 3To address these issues, some experts suggest implementing stricter regulations on social media platforms, such as age restrictions and content filtering. Others argue that parents and educators should play a more active role in monitoring and guiding youn g people’s use of social media.Questions:5、What measures are suggested to mitigate the negative effects of social media on young people’s mental health?A. Implementing stricter regulations on social media platforms.B. Encouraging young people to use social media more frequently.C. Reducing the amount of time spent on social media.D. Ignoring the potential risks of social media.Answers:1、B2、D3、D4、C5、A第二题Reading Time: 40 minutesDirections: For this part, you are allowed 40 minutes to read a long passage and answer the questions on it. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage:In the digital age, the way we communicate has undergone a remarkable transformation. With the advent of the internet and various digital platforms, the traditional methods of communication such as postal mail and landline phones have become less prominent. One of the most influential digital communication tools is social media. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionized the way people connect and share information. However, along with these advancements come challenges and concerns.1、The first challenge of digital communication is the potential for misinterpretation. Without the nuances of face-to-face communication,text-based messages can be easily misunderstood. This can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and even legal disputes.2、Another significant challenge is the issue of privacy. With the vast amount of p ersonal data being shared online, individuals’ privacy is at risk. Cybersecurity breaches have become increasingly common, and the consequences can be severe, ranging from identity theft to financial loss.3、Despite these challenges, digital communication offers numerous benefits. It allows people to connect with others across the globe instantaneously. This has facilitated international collaborations, business partnerships, and cultural exchanges. Additionally, digital communication is cost-effective and time-efficient.4、However, there are concerns about the impact of digital communication on face-to-face interactions. Some argue that excessive reliance on digital communication leads to a decline in interpersonal skills and the ability to engage in meaningful conversations.5、The following questions are based on the passage above.Questions:1、What is the main challenge of digital communication mentioned in the passage?A) Lack of face-to-face interactionB) Potential for misinterpretationC) High cost of communicationD) Difficulty in maintaining privacy2、Which of the following is NOT a challenge of digital communicationaccording to the passage?A) Privacy issuesB) Instantaneous connection with people worldwideC) Decline in interpersonal skillsD) Cybersecurity breaches3、What benefit of digital communication is mentioned in the passage?A) Increased risk of legal disputesB) Cost-effectiveness and time efficiencyC) Decline in face-to-face interactionsD) Enhanced cybersecurity4、What concern is raised about the impact of digital communication on face-to-face interactions?A) It leads to a decrease in the ability to engage in meaningful conversations.B) It increases the risk of cybersecurity breaches.C) It causes a decline in interpersonal skills.D) It leads to misunderstandings and conflicts.5、Which of the following is a positive aspect of digital communication mentioned in the passage?A) Increased risk of legal disputesB) Cost-effectiveness and time efficiencyC) Decline in interpersonal skillsD) Difficulty in maintaining privacyAnswers:1、B2、B3、B4、A5、B七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The digital revolution has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant impacts has been on education. Online learning platforms, virtual classrooms, and educational apps have become increasingly popular, offering new opportunities for students and educators alike.In many countries, traditional classrooms are being augmented with digital tools and resources. Teachers are incorporating interactive whiteboards, tablets, and educational software into their lessons to enhance student engagement and understanding. This integration of technology has led to a more dynamic and engaging learning environment.However, the digital transformation of education also raises concerns aboutits impact on students’ social skills and mental health. Some argue that excessive reliance on digital devices can lead to isolation and anxiety, especially for younger students who are still developing their social and emotional abilities.Despite these concerns, the benefits of digital education are undeniable. Online learning platforms provide access to a vast array of resources that can supplement traditional classroom teaching. Students can access educational materials from around the world, engage in collaborative projects with peers, and receive personalized learning experiences tailored to their individual needs.1、What is one of the significant impacts of the digital revolution on education?A. Increased access to educational resources.B. Improved social skills among students.C. Reduction in teacher workload.D. Enhanced classroom engagement.2、How are digital tools and resources being used in traditional classrooms?A. To replace textbooks and traditional teaching methods.B. To augment existing teaching methods and enhance engagement.C. To reduce the number of students in each classroom.D. To provide students with more time for independent study.3、What is a concern raised about the digital transformation of education?A. The increase in the number of educational apps available.B. The potential negative impact on students’ social skills and mental health.C. The reduction in the quality of classroom instruction.D. The loss of interest in traditional learning methods.4、What is one of the benefits of online learning platforms?A. They require students to work independently at all times.B. They limit studen ts’ access to educational materials from other countries.C. They provide personalized learning experiences for each student.D. They are only useful for students who are already highly motivated to learn.5、How does the passage describe the role of digital tools and resources in education?A. They are a complete replacement for traditional teaching methods.B. They are being used to supplement and enhance traditional teaching methods.C. They are only beneficial for students who have access to advanced technology.D. They are being used to reduce the number of students in each classroom.Answers:1、A. Increased access to educational resources.。

Gender,Race,andClassinMediaAText-Reader

Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Text-ReaderDines, GailISBN-13: 9780761922612Table of ContentsPart 1: A Cultural Studies Approach to Gender, Race, and Class in Media1. Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture - Douglas Kellner2. The New Media Giants: Changing Industry Structure - David Croteau and William Hoynes3. The Meaning of Memory: Family, Class and Ethnicity in Early Network Television - George Lipsitz4. Naked Capitalists - Frank Rich5. Hegemony - James Lull6. Women Read the Romance: The Interaction of Text and Context - Janice A. Radway7. Black Sitcom Potrayals - Robin R. Means Coleman8. The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media - Stuart Hall9. Hetero Barbie? - Mary F. Rogers10. Popular Culture and Queer Representation: A Critical Perspective - Diane Raymond11. White Negroes - Jan Nederveen Pieterse12. Inventing the Cosmo Girl: Class Identity and Girl-Style American Dreams - Laurie Ouellette13. Living Single and the 'Fight for Mr. Right': Latifah Don't Play - Kristal Brent Zook14. "Who(se) am I: Ownership, Identity and Multitextual Readings of Women in Hip Hop" - Imani Perry15. Queer 'n' Asian on - and off - the Net: The Role of Cyberspace in Queer Taiwan and Korea - Chris Berry and Fran MartinPart II. Marketing a Consumer Culture16. Space Jam: Media Conglomerates Build the Entertainment City - Susan G. Davis17. Kids for Sale: Corporate Culture and the Challenge of Public Schooling - Henry A. Giroux18. The Greatest Story Ever Sold: Marketing and the O.J. Simpson Trial - George Lipsitz19. The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need - Juliet Schor20. Nike, Social Responsibility, and the Hidden Abode of Production - Carol A. Stabile21. " You've Never Had a Friend Like Me": Target Marketing Disney to a Gay Community - Sean Griffin22. Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity - Fred Fejes23. Sex, Lies and Advertising - Gloria Steinem24. In Spite of Women: Esquire Magazine and the Construction of the Male Consumer - Kenon BreazealePart III. Advertising and Identities25. Image-Based Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture - Sut Jhally26. "The More You Subtract, the More You Add": Cutting Girls Down to Size - Jean Kilbourne27. Cosmetics: A Clinique Case Study - Pat Kirkham and Alex Weller28. "Con-fusing" Exotica: Producing India in Advertising - Sanjukta Ghosh29. Advertising and People of Color - Clint C. Wilson II and Felix Gutierrez30. Current Perspectives on Advertising Images of Disability - Beth A. Haller and Sue Ralph31. Selling Sexual Subjectivities: Audiences Respond to Gay Window Advertising - Katherine Sender32. Gender and Hegemony in Fashion Magazines - Diana CranePart IV. The Violence Debates33. Television Violence: At a Time of Turmoil and Terror - George Gerbner34. Advertising and the Construction of Violent White Masculinity: From Eminem to Clinique for Men - Jackson Katz35. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Teachers Voice Concern - Diane E. Levin and Nancy Carlsson-Paige36. Lay Theories of Media Effects: Power Rangers at Pre-School - Ellen Seiter37. Lessons from Littleton: What Congress Doesn't Want to Hear About Youth and Media - Henry Jenkins38. Hidden Politics: Discursive and Institutional Policing of Rap Music - Tricia Rose39. The Pornography Debates: Beyond Cause and Effect - Karen Boyle40. Pornography and the Limits of Experimental Research - Robert Jensen41. Mass Market Romance: Pornography for Women is Different - Ann Barr Snitow42. Everyday Pornography - Jane Caputi43. King Kong and the White Woman - Gail DinesPart V. TV By Day44. Gendered Television: Femininity - John Fiske45. Daze of Our Lives: The Soap Opera as Feminine Text - Deborah D. Rogers46. Women Watching Together: An Ethnographic Study of Korean Soap Opera Fans in the United States - Minu Lee and Chong Heup Cho47. " I Think of Them As Friends": Interpersonal Relationships in the Online Community - Nancy K. Baym48. " No Politics Here": Age and Gender in Soap Opera "Cyberfandom" - Christine Scodari49. Consuming Pleasures: Active Audiences and Soap Opera - Jennifer Hayward50. Cathartic Confessions of Emancipatory Texts? Rape Narratives on the Oprah Winfrey Show - Sujata Moorti51. The Mediated Talking Cure: Therapeutic Framing of Autobiography in TV Talk Shows - Janice Peck52. The Case Against Sleeze TV - Jo Taverner53. Sitting Ducks and Forbidden Fruit - Joshua GamsonPart VI. TV By Night54. Why Television Keeps Re-creating the White Male Working-Class Buffoon - Richard Butsch55. The Fox Network and the Revolution in Black Television - Kristal Brent Zook56. Representing Gay Men on American Television - Kylo-Patrick R. Hart57. What's Wrong with this Picture? The Politics of Ellen's Coming Out Party - Susan J. Hubert58. Once in a Lifetime: Constructing "The Working Woman" Through Cable Narrowcasting - Jackie Byars and Eileen R. Meehan59. In Their Prime: Women in Nighttime Drama - Karen Lindsey60. Workplace Dramas, Ensemble Casts, 1990s Style - Donald Bogle61. This Is For Fighting, This Is For Fun: Camerawork and Gunplay in Reality-Based Crime Shows - Fred Turner62. Here Comes the Judge: The Dancing Itos and the Televisual Construction of the Enemy Asian Male - Brian Locke63. Ling Woo in Historical Context: The New Face of Asian American Stereotypes on Television - Chyng Feng Sun64. Jewish Women on Television: Too Jewish or Not Enough? - Joyce AntlerPart VII. The Internet65. The Titanic Sails On: Why the Internet Won't Sink the Media Giants - Robert McChesney66. " Where Do You Want to Go Today?" Cybernetic Tourism, the Internet, and Transnationality - Lisa Nakamura67. Television and the Internet - Ellen Seiter68. Dating on the Net: Teens and the Rise of "Pure" Relationships - Lynn Schofield Clark69. Staking Their Claim: Women, Electronic Networking, and Training in Asia - Rhona O. Bautista70. The Cherokee Indians and the Internet - Ellen L. Arnold and Darcy C. PlymireA List of Media Activist OrganizationsGlossaryBibliographyAuthor IndexSubject IndexAbout the EditorsAbout the Contributors。

Unit-8-Women-in-Education--Sports-and-Media

Women in Education, Sports and MediaEducationWhile the rights of women in the worlds of politics and work and the position of women in the family are the focus of the American women’s movement today, feminists have many other concerns which indicate the widespread effects that the movement has had on contemporary life. One special area of concern is education. Many educators and parents believe that the elimination of sex bias in schools is absolutely necessary in order for women to achieve equality in American life.虽然妇女在政治和工作领域的权利以及妇女在家庭中的地位是当今美国妇女运动的焦点，但女权主义者还有许多其他关切，这表明该运动对当代生活产生了广泛影响。

一个特别关注的领域是教育。

许多教育工作者和家长认为，为了使妇女在美国生活中实现平等，消除学校中的性别偏见是绝对必要的。

Until the middle of the 1970’s courses open to only boys or only girls, auto mechanics or cooking, for example, were commonplace in schools. Physical education classes were usually segregated by sex, and more money was spent on sports for boys than for girls. Career advice often encouraged girls to train for such “acceptable” occupations as nurse or secretary or te acher, while boys were programmed for high-level mathematics and science courses and industrial arts classes.在20 世纪70 年代中期之前，只有男孩或只有女孩才能参加的课程，例如，汽车机械师或烹饪在学校很常见。

AUthenightofthehorse知识点击习题

教学重点：重点句型的运用教学难点：情态动词、代词教学过程：1、词汇（快速过）2、语法（详解）3、家庭作业9AChapter1Thenightofthehorse一、词汇词汇提高篇Stonehengen.史前巨石柱Egyptn.埃及sendin上交，呈递talen.传说theTrojans特洛伊人Troy特洛伊城beyondprep.在……远处stairn.楼梯capturev.捕获，占领darknessn.黑暗dragv.拖，拉Greeka.希腊的n.希腊人includev.包括plainn.平原Pyramidn.金字塔roughlyad.粗暴地securelyad.安全的seizev.抓住unablea.没有能力的arrown.箭，箭头bown.弓fictionala.虚构的legendn.传说，传奇politiciann.政客sportsmann.男运动员sportswomann.女运动员junka.陈旧，无用或不值钱的东西mendv.修补词形转换基础1.部分单词的复数形式army---armies;enemy---enemie s;century---centuries2.几组反义词disappear---appear;（消失---出现）enemy---friend;（敌人---朋友）dark---bright;(黑暗的---明亮的)empty---full；（空的---满的）stupid---clever/bright/wise/ intelligent/smart（愚蠢的---聪明的）3.historyn.历史historicala.历史的4.woodena.木头的woodn.木头5.cityn.城市citizenn.市民6.frighteneda.受惊吓的（修饰人）frighteninga.恐怖的（修饰物）frightenv.使害怕7.helpn./v.帮助helpfula.有帮助的8.succeedv.使……成功successn.成功9.enterv.进入entrancen.入口10.difficulta.困难的difficultyn.困难提高1.darka.黑暗的darknessn.黑暗2.Greeka.&n.希腊的，希腊人Greecen.希腊3.able---unable（有能力的---没有能力的）enablev.使……能4.celebratev.庆祝celebrationn.e.g.celebrateChristmas/celeb rateone’sbirthday/celebrateas uccess5.securelyad.安全地securea.安全的6.includingprep.包括includev.包括7.gianta.=verylarge巨大的op.tiny微小的8.secretn.秘密secretlyad.秘密地9.succeedv.成功successn.成功successfula.成功的successfullya.成功地10.rougha.不平的；粗糙的；崎岖的roughlyad.11.Troyn.特洛伊城Trojann./a.特洛伊人（的）12.Europen.欧洲Europeana.&n.欧洲的（人）aEuropean13.fictionn.虚构的事fictionala.虚构的14.politicsn.政治politiciann.政客15.sportn.运动sportsman男运动员sportswoman词组基础1.twoatatime一次两个2.makejokesaboutsb.拿……开玩笑=makefunof3.nolonger不再=not…anylongere.g.Iamnolongerachild.=Iamno tachildanylonger.4..secondslater=afterawhile= momentslater过了一会儿5.lookdownat向下看着6.takesthwithsb.随身带去某物7.obeyorders遵守命令8.makesurethat+从句确信(makesure=besure)9.gotosleep=fallasleep入睡10.succeedindoingsth=besucce ssfulindoingsth.=managetodosth 成功地干某事11.byatrick用诡计bymidnight 到了午夜12.sailaway驾船驶走13.theIndianOcean印度洋14.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtim e=haveawonderfultime过得愉快15.getridof摆脱16.playatrickonsb.捉弄某人提高1.inthedarkness=inthedark在黑暗中2.sendin上交，呈递3.exceptfor除了4.besecurelylocked被安全地锁上5.pull…into把…放进…中drag…into把…拉进…中6.dragsb.away掳走二、重要内容讲解※1.Anewspaperranashortstorycompetitiononfamoustalesfromhistory.报纸举办一个依据着名历史故事创作短篇小说的比赛。

曼昆《微观经济学》答案(英文版)_Chapter_1~5[1]

Chapter 1Problems and Applications1. a. A family deciding whether to buy a new car faces a tradeoff between the cost of thecar and other things they might want to buy. For example, buying the car mightmean they must give up going on vacation for the next two years. So the real costof the car is the family's opportunity cost in terms of what they must give up.b. For a member of Congress deciding whether to increase spending on national parks,the tradeoff is between parks and other spending items or tax cuts. If more moneygoes into the park system, that may mean less spending on national defense or on thepolice force. Or, instead of spending more money on the park system, taxes couldbe reduced.c. When a company president decides whether to open a new factory, the decision isbased on whether the new factory will increase the firm's profits compared to otheralternatives. For example, the company could upgrade existing equipment orexpand existing factories. The bottom line is: Which method of expandingproduction will increase profit the most?d. In deciding how much to prepare for class, a professor faces a tradeoff between thevalue of improving the quality of the lecture compared to other things she could dowith her time, such as working on additional research.2. When the benefits of something are psychological, such as going on a vacation, it isn't easy tocompare benefits to costs to determine if it's worth doing. But there are two ways to think about the benefits. One is to compare the vacation with what you would do in its place. If you didn't go on vacation, would you buy something like a new set of golf clubs? Then you can decide if you'd rather have the new clubs or the vacation. A second way is to think about how much work you had to do to earn the money to pay for the vacation; then you can decide if the psychological benefits of the vacation were worth the psychological cost of working.3. If you are thinking of going skiing instead of working at your part-time job, the cost of skiingincludes its monetary and time costs, plus the opportunity cost of the wages you're giving up by not working. If the choice is between skiing and going to the library to study, then the cost of skiing is its monetary and time costs plus the cost to you of getting a lower grade in your course.4. If you spend $100 now instead of investing it for a year and earning 5 percent interest, youare giving up the opportunity to spend $105 a year from now. The idea that money has a time value is the basis for the field of finance, the subfield of economics that has to do with prices of financial instruments like stocks and bonds.5. The fact that you've already sunk $5 million isn't relevant to your decision anymore, sincethat money is gone. What matters now is the chance to earn profits at the margin. If you spend another $1 million and can generate sales of $3 million, you'll earn $2 million in marginal profit, so you should do so. You are right to think that the project has lost a total of $3 million ($6 million in costs and only $3 million in revenue) and you shouldn't have started it. That's true, but if you don't spend the additional $1 million, you won't have any sales and your losses will be $5 million. So what matters is not the total profit, but the profit you can earn at the margin. In fact, you'd pay up to $3 million to complete development; any more than that, and you won't be increasing profit at the margin.6. Harry suggests looking at whether productivity would rise or fall. Productivity is certainlyimportant, since the more productive workers are, the lower the cost per gallon of potion.Harry wants to look at average cost. But both Harry and Ron are missing the other side of the equation−revenue. A firm wants to maximize its profits, so it needs to examine both costs and revenues. Thus, Hermione is right−it’s best to examine whether the extra revenue would exceed the extra costs. In addition, Hermione is the only one who’s thinking at the margin.7. a. Since a person gets fewer after-tax Social Security benefits the greater is his or herincome, there's an incentive not to save for retirement. If you save a lot, yourincome will be higher, and you won't get as much after-tax Social Security income assomeone who didn't save as much. The unintended consequence of the taxation ofSocial Security benefits is to reduce saving; yet the Social Security system arosebecause of worries that people wouldn’t save enough for retirement.b. For the same reason, you'll tend not to work (or not work as much) after age 65.The more you work, the lower your after-tax Social Security benefits will be. Thusthe taxation of Social Security benefits discourages work effort after age 65.8. a. When welfare recipients who are able to work have their benefits cut off after twoyears, they have greater incentive to find jobs than if their benefits were to lastforever.b. The loss of benefits means that someone who can't find a job will get no income atall, so the distribution of income will become less equal. But the economy will bemore efficient, since welfare recipients have a greater incentive to find jobs. Thusthe change in the law is one that increases efficiency but reduces equity.9. By specializing in each task, you and your roommate can finish the chores more quickly. Ifyou divided each task equally, it would take you more time to cook than it would take your roommate, and it would take him more time to clean than it would take you. By specializing, you reduce the total time spent on chores.Similarly, countries can specialize and trade, making both better off. For example, suppose it takes Spanish workers less time to make clothes than French workers, and French workers can make wine more efficiently than Spanish workers. Then Spain and France can both benefit if Spanish workers produce all the clothes and French workers produce all the wine, and they exchange some wine for some clothes.10. a. Being a central planner is tough! To produce the right number of CDs by the rightartists and deliver them to the right people requires an enormous amount ofinformation. You need to know about production techniques and costs in the CDindustry. You need to know each person's musical tastes and which artists theywant to hear. If you make the wrong decisions, you'll be producing too many CDsby artists that people don't want to hear, and not enough by others.b. Your decisions about how many CDs to produce carry over to other decisions. Youhave to make the right number of CD players for people to use. If you make toomany CDs and not enough cassette tapes, people with cassette players will be stuckwith CDs they can't play. The probability of making mistakes is very high. Youwill also be faced with tough choices about the music industry compared to otherparts of the economy. If you produce more sports equipment, you'll have fewerresources for making CDs. So all decisions about the economy influence yourdecisions about CD production.11. a. Efficiency: The market failure comes from the monopoly by the cable TV firm.b. Equityc. Efficiency: An externality arises because secondhand smoke harms nonsmokers.d. Efficiency: The market failure occurs because of Standard Oil's monopoly power.e. Equityf. Efficiency: There's an externality because of accidents caused by drunk drivers.12. a. If everyone were guaranteed the best health care possible, much more of our nation'soutput would be devoted to medical care than is now the case. Would that beefficient? If you think that currently doctors form a monopoly and restrict healthcare to keep their incomes high, you might think efficiency would increase byproviding more health care. But more likely, if the government mandated increasedspending on health care, the economy would be less efficient because it would givepeople more health care than they would choose to pay for. From the point of viewof equity, if poor people are less likely to have adequate health care, providing morehealth care would represent an improvement. Each person would have a more evenslice of the economic pie, though the pie would consist of more health care and lessof other goods.b. When workers are laid off, equity considerations argue for the unemploymentbenefits system to provide them with some income until they can find new jobs.After all, no one plans to be laid off, so unemployment benefits are a form ofinsurance. But there’s an efficiency problem why work if you can get income fordoing nothing? The economy isn’t o perating efficiently if people remainunemployed for a long time, and unemployment benefits encourage unemployment.Thus, there’s a tradeoff between equity and efficiency. The more generous areunemployment benefits, the less income is lost by an unemployed person, but themore that person is encouraged to remain unemployed. So greater equity reducesefficiency.13. Since average income in the United States has roughly doubled every 35 years, we are likelyto have a better standard of living than our parents, and a much better standard of living than our grandparents. This is mainly the result of increased productivity, so that an hour of work produces more goods and services than it used to. Thus incomes have continuously risen over time, as has the standard of living.14. If Americans save more and it leads to more spending on factories, there will be an increasein production and productivity, since the same number of workers will have more equipment to work with. The benefits from higher productivity will go to both the workers, who will get paid more since they're producing more, and the factory owners, who will get a return on their investments. There's no such thing as a free lunch, though, because when people save more, they're giving up spending. They get higher incomes at the cost of buying fewer goods.15. a. If people have more money, they're probably going to spend more on goods andservices.b. If prices are sticky, and people spend more on goods and services, then output mayincrease, as producers increase output to meet the higher demand rather than raisingprices.c. If prices can adjust, then people's higher spending will be matched with increasedprices, and output won't rise.16. To make an intelligent decision about whether to reduce inflation, a policymaker would needto know what causes inflation and unemployment, as well as what determines the tradeoff between them. Because prices are sticky, an attempt to reduce inflation will lead to higher unemployment. A policymaker thus faces a tradeoff between the benefits of lower inflation compared to the cost of higher unemployment.Chapter 2Problems and Applications1. Many answers are possible.2. a. Steel is a fairly uniform commodity, though some firms produce steel of inferiorquality.b. Novels are each unique, so they are quite distinguishable.c. Wheat produced by one farmer is completely indistinguishable from wheat producedby another.d. Fast food is more distinguishable than steel or wheat, but certainly not as much asnovels.3. See Figure 2-5; the four transactions are shown.Figure 2-54. a. Figure 2-6 shows a production possibilities frontier between guns and butter. It isbowed out because when most of the economy’s resources are being used to pr oducebutter, the frontier is steep and when most of the economy’s resources are being usedto produce guns, the frontier is very flat. When the economy is producing a lot ofguns, workers and machines best suited to making butter are being used to makeguns, so each unit of guns given up yields a large increase in the production of butter;thus the production possibilities frontier is flat. When the economy is producing alot of butter, workers and machines best suited to making guns are being used tomake butter, so each unit of guns given up yields a small increase in the productionof butter; thus the production possibilities frontier is steep.b. Point A is impossible for the economy to achieve; it is outside the productionpossibilities frontier. Point B is feasible but inefficient because it’s inside theproduction possibilities frontier.Figure 2-6c. The Hawks might choose a point like H, with many guns and not much butter. TheDoves might choose a point like D, with a lot of butter and few guns.d. If both Hawks and Doves reduced their desired quantity of guns by the same amount,the Hawks would get a bigger peace dividend because the production possibilitiesfrontier is much steeper at point H than at point D. As a result, the reduction of agiven number of guns, starting at point H, leads to a much larger increase in thequantity of butter produced than when starting at point D.5. See Figure 2-7. The shape and position of the frontier depend on how costly it is to maintaina clean environment the productivity of the environmental industry. Gains inenvironmental productivity, such as the development of a no-emission auto engine, lead to shifts of the production-possibilities frontier, like the shift from PPF1 to PPF2 shown in the figure.Figure 2-76. a. A family’s decision about how much income to save is microeconomics.b. The effect of government regulations on auto emissions is microeconomics.c. The impact of higher saving on economic growth is macroeconomics.d. A f irm’s decision about how many workers to hire is microeconomics.e. The relationship between the inflation rate and changes in the quantity of money ismacroeconomics.7. a. The statement that society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation andunemployment is a positive statement. It deals with how the economy is, not how itshould be. Since economists have examined data and found that there’s a short-runnegative relationship between inflation and unemployment, the statement is a fact,thus it’s a positive statement.b. The statement that a reduction in the rate of growth of money will reduce the rate ofinflation is a positive statement. Economists have found that money growth andinflation are very closely related. The statement thus tells how the world is, and soit is a positive statement.c. The statement that the Federal Reserve should reduce the rate of growth of money isa normative statement. It states an opinion about something that should be done,not how the world is.d. The statement that society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs is anormative statement. It doesn’t state a fact about how the world is. Instead, it is astatement of how the world should be and is thus a normative statement.e. The statement that lower tax rates encourage more work and more saving is apositive statement. Economists have studied the relationship between tax rates andwork, as well as the relationship between tax rates and saving. They’ve found anegative relationship in both cases. So the statement reflects how the world is, andis thus a positive statement.8. Two of the statements in Table 2-2 are clearly normative. They are: “5. If the federalbudget is to be balanced, it should be done over the business cycle rather th an yearly” and “9.The government should restructure the welfare system along the lines of a ‘negative income tax.’” Both are suggestions of changes that should be made, rather than statements of fact, so they are clearly normative statements.The other statements in the table are positive. All the statements concern how the world is, not how the world should be. Note that in all cases, even though they’re statements of fact, fewer than 100 percent of economists agree with them. You could say that positive statements are statements of fact about how the world is, but not everyone agrees about what the facts are.9. As the president, you’d be interested in both the positive and normative views of economists,but you’d probably be most interested in their positive views. Economists are on your staff to provide their expertise about how the economy works. They know many facts about the economy and the interaction of different sectors. So you’d be most likely to call on them about questions of fact posit ive analysis. Since you’re the president, you’re the one who has the make the normative statements as to what should be done, with an eye to the political consequences. The normative statements made by economists represent their views, not necessarily ei ther your’s or the electorate’s.10. There are many possible answers.11. As of this writing, the chairman of the Federal Reserve is Alan Greenspan, the chair of theCouncil of Economic Advisers is Martin N. Baily, and the secretary of the treasury is Larry Summers.12. There are many possible answers.13. As time goes on, you might expect economists to disagree less about public policy becausethey’ll have opportunities to observe different policies that are put into place. As new policies are tried, their results will become known, and they can be evaluated better. It’s likely that the disagreement about them will be reduced after they’ve been tried in practice.For example, many economists thought that wage and price controls would be a good idea for keeping inflation under control, while others thought it was a bad idea. But when the controls were tried in the early 1970s, the results were disastrous. The controls interfered with the invisible hand of the marketplace and shortages developed in many products. As a result, most economists are now convinced that wage and price controls are a bad idea for controlling inflation.But it’s unlikely that the differences between economists will ever be completely eliminated.Economists differ on too many aspects of how the world works. Plus, even as some policies get tried out and are either accepted or rejected, creative economists keep coming up with new ideas.Chapter 3Problems and Applications1. In the text example of the farmer and the rancher, the farmer’s opportunity cost of producingone pound of meat is two pounds of potatoes because for every 20 hours of work, he can produce one pound of meat or two pounds of potatoes. With limited time at his disposal, producing a pound of meat means he gives up the opportunity to produce two pounds of potatoes. Similarly, the rancher’s opportunity cost of producing one pound of meat is 1/8 pound of potatoes because for every hour of work, she can produce one pound of meat or 1/8 pound of potatoes. With limited time at her disposal, producing a pound of meat means she gives up the opportunity to produce 1/8 pound of potatoes.2. a. See Figure 3-2. If Maria spends all five hours studying economics, she can read100 pages, so that is the vertical intercept of the production possibilities frontier. Ifshe spends all five hours studying sociology, she can read 250 pages, so that is thehorizontal intercept. The time costs are constant, so the production possibilitiesfrontier is a straight line.Figure 3-2b. It takes Maria two hours to read 100 pages of sociology. In that time, she couldread 40 pages of economics. So the opportunity cost of 100 pages of sociology is40 pages of economics.3. a.Workers needed to make:One Car One Ton of GrainU.S. 1/4 1/10Japan 1/4 1/5b. See Figure 3-3. With 100 million workers and four cars per worker, if eithereconomy were devoted completely to cars, it could make 400 million cars. Since aU.S. worker can produce 10 tons of grain, if the U.S. produced only grain it wouldproduce 1,000 million tons. Since a Japanese worker can produce 5 tons of grain, ifJapan produced only grain it would produce 500 million tons. These are theintercepts of the production possibilities frontiers shown in the figure. Note thatsince the tradeoff between cars and grain is constant, the production possibilitiesfrontier is a straight line.Figure 3-3c. Since a U.S. worker produces either 4 cars or 10 tons of grain, the opportunity cost of1 car is 2½ tons of grain, which is 10 divided by 4. Since a Japanese workerproduces either 4 cars or 5 tons of grain, the opportunity cost of 1 car is1 1/4 tons of grain, which is 5 divided by 4. Similarly, the U.S. opportunity cost of1 ton of grain is 2/5 cars (4 divided by 10) and the Japanese opportunity cost of 1 tonof grain is 4/5 cars (4 divided by 5). This gives the following table:Opportunity Cost of:1 Car (in terms of tons ofgrain given up) 1 Ton of Grain (in terms ofcars given up)U.S. 2 1/2 2/5Japan 1 1/4 4/5d. Neither country has an absolute advantage in producing cars, since they’re equallyproductive (the same output per worker); the U.S. has an absolute advantage in producing grain, since it’s more productive (greater output per worker).e. Japan has a comparative advantage in producing cars, since it has a loweropportunity cost in terms of grain given up. The U.S. has a comparative advantage in producing grain, since it has a lower opportunity cost in terms of cars given up. f. With half the workers in each country producing each of the goods, the U.S. wouldproduce 200 million cars (that’s 50 million workers times 4 cars each) and 500 million tons of grain (50 million workers times 10 tons each). Japan would produce 200 million cars (50 million workers times 4 cars each) and 250 million tons of grain(50 million workers times 5 tons each).g. From any situation with no trade, in which each country is producing some cars andsome grain, suppose the U.S. changed 1 worker from producing cars to producinggrain. That worker would produce 4 fewer cars and 10 additional tons of grain.Then suppose the U.S. offers to trade 7 tons of grain to Japan for 4 cars. The U.S.will do this because it values 4 cars at 10 tons of grain, so it will be better off if thetrade goes through. Suppose Japan changes 1 worker from producing grain toproducing cars. That worker would produce 4 more cars and 5 fewer tons of grain.Japan will take the trade because it values 4 cars at 5 tons of grain, so it will be betteroff. With the trade and the change of 1 worker in both the U.S. and Japan, eachcountry gets the same amount of cars as before and both get additional tons of grain(3 for the U.S. and 2 for Japan). Thus by trading and changing their production,both countries are better off.4. a. Pat’s opportunity cost of making a pizza is 1/2 gallon of root beer, since she couldbrew 1/2 gallon in the time (2 hours) it takes her to make a pizza. Pat has anabsolute advantage in making pizza since she can make one in two hours, while ittakes Kris four hours. Kris’s opportunity cost of making a pizza is 2/3 gallons ofroot beer, since she could brew 2/3 of a gallon in the time (4 hours) it takes her tomake a pizza. Since Pa t’s opportunity cost of making pizza is less than Kris’s, Pathas a comparative advantage in making pizza.b. Since Pat has a comparative advantage in making pizza, she will make pizza andexchange it for root beer that Kris makes.c. The highest price of pizza in terms of root beer that will make both roommates betteroff is 2/3 gallons of root beer. If the price were higher than that, then Kris wouldprefer making her own pizza (at an opportunity cost of 2/3 gallons of root beer)rather than trading for pizza that Pat makes. The lowest price of pizza in terms ofroot beer that will make both roommates better off is 1/2 gallon of root beer. If theprice were lower than that, then Pat would prefer making her own root beer (she canmake 1/2 gallon of root beer instead of making a pizza) rather than trading for rootbeer that Kris makes.5. a. Since a Canadian worker can make either two cars a year or 30 bushels of wheat, theopportunity cost of a car is 15 bushels of wheat. Similarly, the opportunity cost of abushel of wheat is 1/15 of a car. The opportunity costs are the reciprocals of eachother.b. See Figure 3-4. If all 10 million workers produce two cars each, they produce atotal of 20 million cars, which is the vertical intercept of the production possibilitiesfrontier. If all 10 million workers produce 30 bushels of wheat each, they produce atotal of 300 million bushels, which is the horizontal intercept of the productionpossibilities frontier. Since the tradeoff between cars and wheat is always the same,the production possibilities frontier is a straight line.If Canada chooses to consume 10 million cars, it will need 5 million workers devotedto car production. That leaves 5 million workers to produce wheat, who willproduce a total of 150 million bushels (5 million workers times 30 bushels perworker). This is shown as point A on Figure 3-4.c. If the United States buys 10 million cars from Canada and Canada continues toconsume 10 million cars, then Canada will need to produce a total of 20 million cars.So Canada will be producing at the vertical intercept of the production possibilitiesfrontier. But if Canada gets 20 bushels of wheat per car, it will be able to consume200 million bushels of wheat, along with the 10 million cars. This is shown as pointB in the figure. Canada should accept the deal because it gets the same number ofcars and 50 million more bushes of wheat.Figure 3-46. Though the professor could do both writing and data collection faster than the student (that is,he has an absolute advantage in both), his time is limited. If the professor’s comparative advantage is in writing, it makes sense for him to pay a student to collect the data, since that’s the student’s comparative advantage.7. a. English workers have an absolute advantage over Scottish workers in producingscones, since English workers produce more scones per hour (50 vs. 40). Scottishworkers have an absolute advantage over English workers in producing sweaters,since Scottish workers produce more sweaters per hour (2 vs. 1). Comparativeadvantage runs the same way. English workers, who have an opportunity cost of1/50 sweaters per scone (1 sweater per hour divided by 50 scones per hour), have acomparative advantage in scone production over Scottish workers, who have anopportunity cost of 1/20 sweater per scone (2 sweaters per hour divided by 40 sconesper hour). Scottish workers, who have an opportunity cost of 20 scones per sweater(40 scones per hour divided by 2 sweaters per hour), have a comparative advantagein sweater production over English workers, who have an opportunity cost of 50scones per sweater (50 scones per hour divided by 1 sweater per hour).b. If England and Scotland decide to trade, Scotland will produce sweaters and tradethem for scones produced in England. A trade with a price between 20 and 50scones per sweater will benefit both countries, as they’ll be getting the traded good ata lower price than their opportunity cost of producing the good in their own country.c. Even if a Scottish worker produced just one sweater per hour, the countries wouldstill gain from trade, because Scotland would still have a comparative advantage inproducing sweaters. Its opportunity cost for sweaters would be higher than before(40 scones per sweater, instead of 20 scones per sweater before). But there are stillgains from trade since England has a higher opportunity cost (50 scones per sweater).。

新教材适用2023_2024学年高中英语Unit2IconicAttractionsSectionⅢ

Section ⅢUsing LanguageⅠ.重点单词A)单词拼写1. frog n．蛙；青蛙2. arrow n．箭；箭头3. dive vi. & n．潜水；跳水；俯冲4. domain n．领域；领土；范围5. sponsor vt.倡议；赞助；主办n．(法案等的)倡议者；赞助者6. golf n．高尔夫球运动7. strait n．海峡8. sample n．样本；样品9. phase n．阶段；时期10. trunk n．树干11. session n．一场；一段时间；会议12. nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点13. fence n．栅栏；围栏14. prison n．监狱；监禁15. grand adj.大的；宏大的B)词形转换1. entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利→ entitlement n．授权；应得权益；命名、被定名→ entitled adj.题名为，书名叫作……；有资格的2. freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态→ free adj.自由的；自主的3. liberty n．自由→ liberal adj.开明的；自由的；慷慨的；不拘泥的4. distribution n．分布；分配；分发→ distribute vt.分配，散布；散发，分发；把……分类5. temporary adj.暂时的；短暂的→ temporarily adv.暂时地；临时地6. license vt.批准；许可n.许可证；执照→ licensed adj.得到正式许可的7. frequency n．发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率→ frequent adj.频繁的，时常发生的，常见的；(脉搏等)急促的，快的→ frequently adv.频繁地，屡次地；往往8. violence n．暴力；暴行→ violent adj.暴力引起的；剧烈的，(风，爆炸等)猛烈的，狂暴的；感情强烈的；颜色强烈的→ violently adv.激烈地；暴力地；狂暴地；极度地9. biology n．生物；生物学→ biological adj.生物的；生物学的10. hatch vi.孵出；破壳vt.使孵出；策划；(尤指)密谋→ hatchery n．孵化处；孵化场11. capacity n．能力；容量→ capacious adj.宽阔的；容积大的Ⅱ.高频短语1. a flock of 一群(羊或鸟)2. a handful of 少数人(或物)；一把(的量)3. because of 因为4．in the interest of 为了，为了……的利益5．as well as 也；既……又……；除……之外(也)；此外6. come across 偶然遇见，碰见Ⅲ.重点句型1．Koalas are cute, and we see so many pictures of people holding them .考拉很可爱，我们看到很多人抱着它们的照片。

hatchets around the world 书名 -回复

hatchets around the world 书名-回复"Hatchets Around the World: Unveiling the Global Impact of Conflict"Introduction:Conflict has been an inevitable part of human society since time immemorial. Whether it be battles, wars, or disputes, the presence of armed conflict has left deep scars on the history and development of nations around the world. These conflicts, when analyzed closely, reveal a much deeper and interconnected web of motivations, consequences, and influences. The book "Hatchets Around the World" delves into the major conflicts throughout history and explores their global impact from various perspectives.Chapter 1: Types, Causes, and Outcomes of ConflictIn this chapter, we explore the different types of conflicts that have occurred worldwide, such as territorial disputes, ideological conflicts, and resource wars. Each type has unique causes and outcomes, which are examined in detail. By understanding the root causes of conflicts, we can gain insight into their future prevention and resolution.Chapter 2: Historical Conflicts and Their ImpactHere, the book explores major historical conflicts that have had a profound impact on global history. From the ancient wars between empires to the devastating World Wars, we examine how conflicts shaped the world's political landscape, cultural heritage, and societal development. The impacts of these conflicts can still be seen and felt today, underscoring the importance of studying and understanding them.Chapter 3: Economics and ConflictEconomic factors often play a significant role in both inciting and perpetuating conflicts. This chapter sheds light on how issues such as resource scarcity, economic inequality, and competition for wealth have driven or exacerbated conflicts throughout history. Furthermore, we analyze how conflicts hinder economic development and prosperity, challenging the long-held belief that war benefits economies.Chapter 4: Societal Impact of ConflictConflicts have far-reaching implications for societies, affecting individuals, communities, and entire nations. This chapter investigates the social consequences of conflict, includingdisplacement, migration, and the breakdown of social structures. Moreover, we explore how conflict can lead to the displacement of cultural heritage, the erosion of trust between different social groups, and the rise of violence and extremism.Chapter 5: Diplomacy and Conflict ResolutionWhile conflicts are rampant, so are the efforts to resolve and prevent them. This chapter examines the role of diplomacy and international institutions in mitigating conflicts and maintaining peace. We study successful diplomatic interventions throughout history and analyze the factors that contributed to their effectiveness. Additionally, we explore the limitations and challenges faced by these mechanisms in resolving conflicts in the modern world.Chapter 6: The Global Impact of Modern ConflictsIn this chapter, we focus on contemporary conflicts and their consequences on a global scale. From the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East to the rise of cyber warfare, we explore how modern conflicts have transcended geographical boundaries, spreading their impact across nations and continents. By understanding the interconnectedness of modern conflicts, we strive to find solutionsto prevent further escalation and devastation.Conclusion:"Hatchets Around the World: Unveiling the Global Impact of Conflict" examines the multifaceted nature of conflicts and their global implications. By delving into the various dimensions of conflicts - historical, economic, societal, diplomatic, and contemporary - the book provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the global impact of conflict. Ultimately, it is our hope that through this exploration, we can inspire a world that values peaceful coexistence and strives towards resolving conflicts through dialogue and understanding.。

Chapter 8(stochastic process)

n Define
2
School of Management HUST
n The process
is a symmetric
random walk (see Fig. 8.1)
3
School of Management HUST
n Its analogue in continuous time is Brownian motion.
8.6 General First Passage Times
n Define
16
School of Management HUST
17
School of Management HUST
18
School of Management HUST
19
School of Management HUST
8
School of Management HUST
9
School of Management HUST
8.3 The moment
generating function for τ
10
School of Management HUST
11
School of Management HUST
12
School of Management HUST
25
School of Management HUST
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School of Management HUST
n How do we recognize the value of an American derivative security ?
Chapter 8 Random Walks
1
School of Management HUST

Social Life

Social Life
Typical food
Social Life
Dining Etiquette
How to do with dinner napkin? How to hold knife and fork?
What to do to show you have finished?
Social Life
Social Life
Mass Media
What are the two most popular daily newspaper? The Sun and The Mirror
On what newspapers do people get more serious news? The Telegraph, The Guardian and The Independent.
Social Life
Archbishop of Canterbury
Food
What do they have for breakfast, lunch and dinner? Breakfast: milk and cereal麦片粥, toast烤面包 with jam or marmalade橘子酱, and juice, tea or coffee Lunch: sandwich or snack点心 Dinner: meat, fish and vegetable, or pizza, paste面 When do they have lunch and dinner? Lunch at 12 or 1’o clock, dinner at 6 or 7’o clock Which one is their main meal? Dinner, the evening meal.

读后续写之动作链课件-高三下学期英语作文复习专项

Summary S h o w, d o n ’ t t e l l
题材题材
Skill1: 主语一致的主要动作≥2: Skill :从面部/肢体和语言心理多个方面编织
主+谓语动词A ，B and(then) C 动作面
Skill 2: 当出现两个动作， 1.Doing...,主句, doing...
原句
动作A
动作B
动作C
Seeing the gift, the boy widened his mouth in
surHperifseelt,hgaappvyetoa big sompeinleedahnids thensmbiulerdst incte a gift.
hesitation.
Homework
分解动作微写作： 1.She won the first prize in the race. 2.Tom thanked Jay.
Thank you !
Show, don’t tell
读后续写之“动作链”和动作“面”
读后续写作为记叙文，其核心只有一个，那就是“人”。因此一切的笔墨，都是为了塑造人物形象，使人物更加饱满。
How to make your continuation writing vivid and attractive?
Dialogues
心理
肢体
面部
Encouraged by the teacher’s words, Lucy raised her
hand, whispering, “I’ll do it.”
主+谓, doing... and doing...
1.他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。

新编英语教程7Unit 8

Fifth Avenue, Uptown, first appearing in Esquire July 1960, was published in Nobody Knows My Name in 1961. The present text is from the second half of the essay, comprising paragraphs 11 to 15.
V. Organization of the Text
I. Thesis statement: invisibility of American poor (Paragraphs 1 – 2)
II. The normal and obvious causes of the invisibility of the poor (Paragraphs 3 – 7) 1. Poverty is often off the beaten track. (Paragraph 4) 2. Beauty and myths are masks of poverty. (Paragraph 5) 3. Summary and comment (Paragraphs 6 – 7)
II. Pre-reading Questions
You may have learned A New English Course 5, there is an article named The Invisible Poor in
Unit 5, by Michael Harrington. Can you figure out the main ideas of the text and say something about the background information?

2023终极八篇第五篇原文+题目

Big tech wants to find the next big opportunity, and our analysis of deals, patents, recruitment and other yardsticks shows that cash is flowing into everything from driverless cars to quantum computing. The shift reflects a fear that the lucrative fiefs of the 2010s are losing relevance, and the fact that tech’s titans are increasingly moving onto each other’s domains . So they are all looking to swoop into new territory.They also have an eye on the history of technology, which is littered with once-dominant firms that were brought down not by regulators, but by missing the next big thing.In 1983 IBM was America’s most profitable firm but eight years later was loss-making after botching the move from mainframes to PCs. The MAAMAs spent the 2010s fortifying commanding positions, in business tools for Microsoft, e-commerce for Amazon, social media for Meta, and so on. The pandemic has boosted demand, from bored couch-surfers to startups in need of cloud computing. Yet past performance is not indicative of future results, and now all of them are limbering up for whatever comes next.The problem is that nobody knows what it will be. But it will probably involve new physical devices that will supersede the smartphone as the dominant means of connecting people to information and services. Whoever makes such devices will therefore control access to users. This explains why Apple is planning a virtual-reality headset to compete with Meta’s Oculus range and Microsoft’sHoloLens. Alphabet, Apple and Amazon have also all placed expensive bets on autonomous cars.Governments, rivals and billions of customers, who already fear these firms are too powerful, may be alarmed by all this. One view is that the companies’large customer bases, and control of pools of data with which to train artificial intelligence, give them an insurmountable advantage. Won’t the giants use that to squash rivals? Yet all these new areas look competitive for the time being.Global startups raised $621bn of venture funding in 2021, far more than big tech invested. And new rivals have emerged with unexpected speed in some areas, such as TikTok in social media.Investment in tech is linked to rising productivity, and the share of cashflows the tech giants are reinvesting has almost doubled since a decade ago. Trustbusters will struggle to predict the technologies of tomorrow. What they can do is block firms from doing deals that give them a monopoly position in new markets today. That is not yet a danger. If today’s giants want to spend billions trying to move into new areas, so far there is no reason to stop them.Q1：The sentence “the lucrative fiefs of the 2010s are losing relevance”shows that tech giants are______A. Ready to invade rival’s domainsB. Preparing for a cash-strapped futureC. Worried about a forthcoming recessionD. Upsetting by the innovative technologyQ2：According to the 2nd paragraph, tech giants may be koncked down by______A. The impact of unexpected pandemicB. The stress on dealing with regulationsC. The neglect of potential technological threatD. The inability to master emerging technologiesQ3: By mentioning Apple’s planning, the author intends to______A. Illsutrate the usefulness of virtual-reality headsetsB. Spotlight the competition among tech titansC. Introduce the concept of new physical devicesD. Emphasize the significance of user’s adhesivenessQ4: The author holds that tech giants will not monoplize the market due to______A. The distribution of customer’s dataB. The competitiveness of their rivalsC. The alarm from governmental authoritiesD. The evolution of artificial intelligenceQ5: What is the author’s attitude towards tech giant’s move at the moment?A. approvedB. contemptuousC. carefreeD. worrisome。

校运会英语作文及翻译

The school sports meeting is an annual event that brings together students,teachers, and parents to celebrate sportsmanship,teamwork,and physical fitness.Here is an English composition about a school sports meeting,followed by its translation into Chinese.English Composition:Title:The School Sports MeetingLast week,our school held its annual sports meeting,an event that is eagerly anticipated by everyone.The day began with a grand opening ceremony where the school band played rousing music and the athletes marched into the field,displaying their school spirit.The competition was fierce,with students participating in various track and field events such as the100meter dash,long jump,high jump,and shot put.The athletes showed remarkable dedication and determination,pushing themselves to achieve their personal best.One of the highlights of the day was the relay race,where teamwork and coordination were crucial.Each team consisted of four runners,and the baton had to be passed from one to the next without dropping it.The crowd roared with excitement as the runners sprinted towards the finish line.Another memorable moment was the marathon,where endurance and perseverance were tested.The participants,dressed in their vibrant school colors,ran laps around the track, cheered on by their peers and teachers.The sports meeting concluded with an award ceremony,where the winners were honored with medals and certificates.The principal gave a closing speech,emphasizing the importance of sports in fostering a healthy lifestyle and building character.The school sports meeting was not just a competition it was a celebration of our schools values and a testament to the spirit of sportsmanship that unites us all.Chinese Translation:标题：校运会上周，我们学校举行了一年一度的校运会，这是大家期待已久的活动。

2019外研版高中英语挖掘文本深度学习必修二 UNIT 3 Word版含答案

挖掘文本深度学习 Deep Learning2019外研版高中英语基于词、法、句挖掘文本深度学习必修二Understanding Ideas：A game for the world第一遍：词汇短语过关斩将A Game for the worldThese days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world.Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most p___1___(流行的) sport out of this world! The h___2___(历史) of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. G___3___(球门) were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the b___4___(基础，根据) of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive e___5___(装备，设备); even the ball doesn't have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts' c___6___(满足，满意) with a ball made of p___7___(塑料) bags; just like Pele did when he' was a boy.Another f___8___(因素，要素) behind football's global popularity is the c___9___(创造力) and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to r___10___(意识到) the skill of professional players -how they use their bodies to pass, score and d___11___(防守，防卫) can be amazing to see - or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising t___12___(意外转折).1. popular2. history3. Goals4. basis5. equipment6. content7. plastic8. factor9. creativity10. recognise11. defend12. twistUnit 3On the MoveWhat's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to c___13___(交流): it does not require words, but everyone understandsit. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.Take, for e___14___(例子), the famous football game on ChristmasDay 1914. World War I had broken out months before, but British andGerman s___15___(士兵) put down their guns and played footballtogether - one moment of peace to remember during years ofc___16___(武装冲突).“Some people believe football is a matter of life and d___17___(死亡), ....said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I cana___18___(使确信) you it is much, much more important than that."This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth tor___19___(意识到) that our planet is shaped like a football. 13. communicate 14. example 15.soldiers 16. conflict 17. death 18. assure 19. realise第二遍：基础语法披荆斩棘 A Game for the worldThese days, football is one of the most popular ___1___(sport) in theworld. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to theMoon, we could even say that it is also the ___2___(popular) sport outof this world! The history of the game ___3___(go) back over twothousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball),a game ___4___(use) a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals werehung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain,___5___ the game was given new rules.That football is such ___6___ simple game to play is perhaps thebasis of its popularity. It is also a game ___7___ is very cheap to play.You don't need expensive ___8___(equip); even the ball doesn't have tocost much money. All over the world you can see kids ___9___(play) totheir hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pele did___10___ he' was a boy.Another factor behind football's global popularity is the creativityand ___11___(excite) on the field. It is fun enough ___12___(attract)millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill ofprofessional players - how they use ___13___(they) bodies to pass, 1. sports 2. most popular 3. goes 4. using 5. where 6. a 7. that 8. equipment 9. playing 10. when 11. excitement 12. to attract 13. theirscore and defend can be ___14___(amaze) to see -or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, ___15___ everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and ___16___(bring) people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game ___17___ Christmas Day 1914. World War I ___18___(break) out months before, but British and German soldiers put ___19___ their guns and played football together - one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.“Some people believe football is ___20___ matter of life and death, ....said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can assure you it is much, much more important ___21___ that." This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth ___22___(realize) that our planet is shaped like a football.14. amazing15. but16. brings17. on18. had broken19. down20. a21. than22.to realise第三遍：基础句法精益求精A Game for the world1.These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world(足球是现今世界上最受欢迎的运动之). Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!2.out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient(足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代). It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.3.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity(足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因). It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn't have to cost much money.4. All over the, world you can see kids playing to their hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags(在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋团成的球); just like Pele did when he'was a boy.Another factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field.5.It is fun enough to attract millions of people(其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的人). You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players - how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see - or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.6. What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it(此外，足球还成为了人们最好的沟通方式之一:无需话语，但是人人都能理解). It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together - one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.“7.Some people believe football is a matter of life and death(有些人认为足球事关生死), ....said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can assure you it is much, much more important than that." This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.Developing Ideas：Running into a better life第一遍：词汇短语过关斩将Running into a Better LifeThis global site is a place for runners to s___1___(分享) their stories about running. So, if you are a runner with a story to tell, get in t___2___(联系) —we'd love to hear from you!Li Yue, 16, BeijingI was born with asthma and I never thought I'd be a runner! I only j___3___(参加) my local athletics club because my doctor told me that in my p___4___(特殊的) case exercise could i___5___(改善) how my lungs work. But before I knew it, I was taking part in l___6___(当地的) races. As my fitness and my running improved, I started running in 1.share2.touch3.joined4.particular5.improve6.localnational c___7___(比赛). This year I won silver in the under 18's 10,000 metres! And who knows, next year I could w___8___(赢得) gold!Sarah, 36, MontrealNot so long ago, I didn't do any exercise - not even any jogging! Then I d___9___(发现) an app called Running P___10___(力量). It lists your performance against other runners in your social n___11___(人际关系网). At first, I kept running just to see my name in the top five. Soon, I found that I was not a___12___(孤独的) - I came across other runners in the same area running for the same p___13___(目的)! Now I no longer use the app, but I've fallen in love with running, and still do it with my running friends.David, 52, New YorkAs a computer engineer, there's always a new c___14___(挑战) just around the corner! It can be quite s___15___(有压力的) at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. To help deal with this, I go running as often as I possibly can. Whether I'm at the gym or on the road, my n___16___(紧张的) energy pushes me through mile one. By mile two, the t___17___(紧张，焦虑) has moved from my mind to my legs. By the end of the run, all my stress has d___18___(消失，不见) and I'm ready to face the next day at work!Grace, 25, ManchesterThis year I e___19___(进入) the Great Gorilla Run in London. This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to r___20___(筹集) money to save the world's last r___21___(尚存的) gorillas from dying out. Each runner receives a gorilla suit and off they go! It's a bit hot and s___22___(满是汗的) inside the suit, and my legs a___23___(作痛), but it's a lot of fun. The funniest moment was when someone watching the race o___24___(提供) me a banana -a real treat for a running gorilla! I had a great day out in London, as well as helping to s___25___(拯救) gorillas!petitions8.win9.discovered10.Powerwork12.alone13.purpose14.challenge15.stressful16.nervous17.tension18.disappeared19.entered20.raise21.remaining22.sweaty23.ache24.offered25.save第二遍：基础语法披荆斩棘Running into a Better LifeThis global site is a place for runners to share their stories aboutrunning. So, if you are a runner with a story to tell, get in touch —we'dlove to hear ___1___ you!1.fromLi Yue, 16, BeijingI was born with asthma and I never ___2___(think) I'd be a runner! I only joined my local athletics club ___3___ my doctor told me that in my particular case exercise could improve how my lungs work. But before I knew it, I was taking part in local races. As my ___4___(fit) and my running improved, I started running in ___5___(nation) competitions. This year I won silver in the under 18's 10,000 metres! And who knows, next year I could win gold!Sarah, 36, MontrealNot so long ___6___, I didn't do any exercise - not even any jogging! Then I discovered an app ___7___(call) Running Power. It lists your ___8___(perform) against other runners in your social network. At first, I kept running just to see ___9___(I) my name in the top five. Soon, I found that I was not alone - I came across other runners in ___10___ same area running for the same purpose! Now I no longer use the app, but I've fallen in love ___11___ running, and still do it with my running friends.David, 52, New YorkAs a computer engineer, there's always ___12___ new challenge just around the corner! It can be quite stressful at ___13___(time), though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. To help deal with this, I go running as often ___14___ I possibly can. Whether I'm at the gym or on the road, my nervous energy ___15___(push) me through mile one. By mile two, the tension has moved from my mind ___16___ my legs. By the end of the run, all my stress ___17___(disappear) and I'm ready to face the next day at work!Grace, 25, ManchesterThis year I entered the Great Gorilla Run in London. This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money ___18___(save) the world's last remaining gorillas from ___19___(die) out. Each runner ___20___(receive) a gorilla suit and off they go! It's a bit hot and sweaty inside the suit, and my legs ache, ___21___ it's a lot of fun. The ___22___(fun) moment was when someone watching the race offered me a banana -a real treat for ___23___ running gorilla! I had a great day out in London, as well as ___24___(help) to save gorillas!2.thought3.because4.fitness5.national6.ago7.called8.performance9.my10.the11.with12.a13.times14.as15.pushes16.to17.has disappeared18. to save19.dying20.receives21.but22.funniest23.a24.helping。