In-Tunnel Blast Pressure Empirical Formulas for Detonations External, Internal and at the Tunne
船舶各部位及舱室名称
一、船舶各部位及舱室名称有关概念船首(head)：船的前端部位。
它的两侧船壳弯曲处叫首舷(bow)。
船尾(stern)：船的后端部位。
它的两侧船壳弯曲处叫尾舷(quarter)。
舭部(bilge)：船舷侧板与船底板交结的部位。
附：专业英语单词1. starboard: 右舷2. port:左舷3. abeam: 正横4. hatch: 舱口5. cargo hold:货舱6. inner bottom plating:内底板7. bottom plating: 船底板8. double bottom:双底层9. forcastle deck:首楼甲板10. poop deck:尾楼甲板11. saloon deck:上层建筑甲板12. promenade deck:起居甲板13. watrtight transverse bulkhead:水密横舱壁14. forepeak tank: 首尖舱15. afterpeak tank: 尾尖舱16. engine room: 机舱17. collision bulkhead:防撞舱壁船舶尺度最大尺度：也称全部尺度或周界尺度，它可以决定停靠码头泊位的长度，是否可以从桥下通过，进某一船坞。
全长（最大长度）：指船舶最前端与最后端之间（包括外板和两端永久性固定突出物在内）水平距离。
全宽（最大宽度）：包括船舶外板和永久性固定突出物在内的垂直于纵中线面的最大水平距离。
最大高度：自龙骨下边致船舶最高点之间的垂直距离。
它减去吃水，即可得水面以上的船舶高度。
登记尺度登记尺度：是主管机关在登记船舶和计算船舶总吨位、净吨位时所使用的尺度，它载明于吨位证书上。
登记长度：在上甲板的上表面上，自首柱前缘到尾柱后缘的水平距离；无尾柱时，则量至舵杆中心。
登记宽度：在船舶最大宽度处，两舷外板外表面之间的水平距离。
登记深度：在船舶纵中剖面的登记长度中点处，从上甲板下表面往下量至内底板上表面的垂直距离。
专外词汇
10-ton vibratoryroller10吨振动碾abutment n.坝肩,桥墩,支座,拱座,支墩active earthquakefault活断层active storagecapacity有效库容adit n.平洞adjustable blade 可调叶片aeration n.包气带aeration pipe 通风（气）管afflux n.汇流,流向afterbay dam 尾水池坝,二道坝aggrade v.淤积,淤塞,积聚aggregate n.骨料aggregate n.填料air cushion 空气垫air receiver 储气罐air-blast circuitbreaker空气断路器air-operated tool 风动工具air-supply line 供气管alignment n.定线alkalinity n.碱度alternative n.方案amendment n.改良剂anchorage support 填墩anchored footwall 锚固的趾板ancillary a.辅助的anisotropy n.各向异性apex n.尖appreciably adv.略微,有一点approach tunnel 交通洞apron n.护坦,防冲铺砌,底板aqueduct n.渡槽aquiclude n.滞水层aquifer n.含水层aquitard n.隔水层,弱透水层arch dam 拱坝arid and semi-aridsubtropical zone干旱半干旱亚热带地区arrangement 建筑物artesian a.自流井的as a rule of thumb 根据经验as-built geologydrawing竣工地形图ASCE美国土木工程协会ASCE(American Societyof Civil Engineering)美国土木工程协会assist v.加速avalanche 崩落azimuth n.方位角backfill v.回填backfill 回填backhoe n.反铲挖土机balve 阀门band 下环barragen.堰坝,拦河闸堰basinn.流域,水池,(水稻)格田batter n.坡度bearing plate 承压板bed configuration 河床形态bed load 推移质泥沙bedding layer 垫层bedrock n.基岩,基础bellmouth n.喇叭口bench blasting 梯段爆破bendway两河湾间河段,浅滩bentonite n.斑脱土,皂土berm n.戗台,马道betterment n.改善,修缮bhp=brake horsepowerbitumen emulsion 乳化沥青blast v.爆破blasting 爆破blockage n.堵塞blow pipe压缩空气输送管BOD(biochemicaloxygen demand)生化需氧量bolt 用螺栓连接borehole n.炮眼boron n.硼borrow area 采料厂bottom slab 底板brake horsepower 制动马力(泵的轴功率)brazing n.铜焊breakwater n.防波堤,防浪堤broad-crested weir 宽顶堰bucket n.挖斗,铲斗bucket 斗叶buld 灯泡bulkhead gate 检修闸门,堵水闸门bulkhead gate 检修闸门buried penstock 回填管buttress dam 支墩坝by a like amount 同样多的bypass n.绕流管,旁通管bypass 支管cable n.钢绞线cam n.凸轮,偏心轮cantrifugal pump 离心泵canvass n.详细调查canyon n.峡谷,河谷capillary n.毛细管(现象)capillaryconductivity毛管传导度capillary-rise 毛管上升capital-budgeting 资金预算capital-rationing 资金分配的cargo transfer crane 运货吊车cash flow diagram 现金流量图cash stream 现金流cavitiy n.孔穴cavity 洞室CBA=Cost BenefitAnalysiscement grout 水泥浆cementation n.胶结作用,表面硬化central angle 中心角central core dam 心墙坝cfs(cubic feet persecond)每秒钟的立方英尺数charge n.炸药chloride n.氯化物chute spillway泄(陡)槽式溢洪道circuit breaker 断路器circular header 供水环管clay n.粘土climatology n.气候学closure n.封堵coaxial a.同轴的coefficient ofstorage贮水系数coefficient ofthermal expansion热膨胀系数cofferdam n.围堰cohesionlessa.非粘结性的,松散的cold joint 冷缝collector n.集水沟collector pipe 集水管colloidal silt胶性泥沙,粘性泥沙commissioning n.试运转compacted rockfill 碾压堆石compensatorn 补偿室，调相机compound interest 复利compound-amountfactor复利因子compounding ofinteres复利compressor n空气压缩机concentration n.浓度concrete n.混凝土concrete gravity archdam混凝土重力拱坝concrete mix 混凝土拌合物concrete-facedrockfill dam混凝土面板堆石坝conduit n.输水道,管道conduit n.输水道conduit n.管道conduit 输水管confined aquifer 承压含水层consolidationgrouting固结灌浆constructionprogramming施工计划consumptive use 耗水(量) contnuous type 连续式contribution of M to N M对N的影响control bay 控制室control line 控制线conveyance system 输水系统coolant n 冷却剂correlation method 相关法corrosion-resistant 抗腐蚀性,耐蚀力corrosive a.腐蚀(性)的,侵(锈)蚀的coterminous a.相邻的counterbalance gate 反平衡闸门crane n.起重机crawler n.履带(牵引装置)creek n.小河,支流creep n.蠕变crest n.堰顶crop rotatin 轮作(制度) crossfall n.横坡cross-head 水头差crown n.坝顶crown n.冠,顶crown 上冠crown cantilever 拱冠梁culvert n.涵洞,排水道culvert n.涵洞cure v.(混凝土)养护curtain grouting 帷幕,灌浆curvature n.曲率,曲度cushion 垫层cutoff n.截水墙cutoff wall 齿墙,截水墙dam based 坝式的dam site 坝址damp 减震dashpot n 缓冲器datum 基线基准面day surface 露天debris n.碎片,垃圾debris 漂浮物deck n.甲板,板,层decrepitude n.老化状态deflector 偏流器deleterious a.有害的delivery shaft 运输井dentention basin 滞洪区域deposit n.沉积层depression n.洼地desilting n.沉淤,沉沙detonate v.爆炸,起爆detonation wave 爆轰波diagnose v.分析diagonal flow 斜流式diagonal turbine 斜流式水轮机diaphragm n.隔膜,膜片dictate v.要求diffusivity n.扩散系数dike n.堤dimensions of anavigation channel航道尺度,指航深,航宽dip n.倾角disbursement 支出discharge n.出料，卸料discharge 排水discharge side 出水边displacev.排水,排出,取代displacement n.位移,移置diurnala.日间的,昼间的diversion n.分流diversion n.分水,导流diversion byenclosure分期导流diversion head works引水首部工程,取水首部diversion hydropowerproject引水式电站diversion intake 导流进水口diversion or outletwork导流或泄水工程diversion tunnel 导流隧道divert 引水domestic water supply 生活供水double overhung 双悬臂式double row 双排dowel v.用暗销接合,锚固dowel v.用销接合dozer n.推土机draft tube 尾水管drainage n.排水drawdown n.(水库)水位下降dredge v.疏浚,清淤drift n.导洞,支洞drip n.水滴,滴灌drop inlet spillway 竖井跌水式溢洪道drop structure 跌水建筑物duct n.管道dumped rock 抛田堆石dynamic load 动载荷dynamic viscosity 动力粘滞度earth dam 土坝easy bend 微弯ejector n 喷射泵，喷流泵elbow 弯管electric contactpressure gauge电接点压力计electronmagneticrelief value电磁卸载阀elevation n.高程,海拔elevation 高程embankment n.堤,填土,填方embankment dam 堤坝embedded penstock 埋管emergency gate 事故闸门,紧急闸门empirical formula 经验公式enbedded part 预埋件encapsulate v.压缩envelope 转轮室equitable charging 公平的收费erection site 安装场erosion n.剥蚀,风化,冲刷erosionability n.可冲性estuary n.河口,海湾evacuation n.抽空,排走evapotranspirationn.蒸散发量,腾发量exciter 励磁机expansion joint 伸缩节expedient a.有用的expiration 期满exposed penstock 明管externalityn.外部效益,间接效益extrados n.外弧面extrapolate v.外推extrudeda.压出的,挤制的eye n.叶轮入口fabriction n.制造,装配fabridam n.合成橡胶坝face finish 表面光洁度facing n.面板facing slab(faceslab)面板failure-freeperformance正常(无故障)运行fallowv.(使土地)休闲fashion n.方式feasibility-grade 可行性阶段feather 顺桨feedback n 反馈field lateral 田间渠,农渠fill n.填料filling of thereservoir水库蓄水filter n 滤水器filter cloth 反滤布filter press 压滤机filter zone 反滤体finite elementanalysis有限元分析finite element method 有限单元法fish-passing facility 过鱼建筑物fissure n.裂缝,裂隙fix 定位fixed crest weir 固定堰顶式堰fixed point 节点，定点flap n.铰链板,挡水板flap gate 翻板闸门,舌瓣闸门flapgate n.翻板闸门flare v.扩张,张开flashboard n.当水闸板flood diversion 分洪flooding n.漫灌,淹灌floodway n.泄洪道floodway channel 溢洪河道flume n.水槽,水道forebay 前池form v.立模formation n.岩层,形成formwork n.模板foul v.使…堵塞francis 混流式水轮机fraught a.伴随(隐藏)着…的（with）free overall spillway 自由跌落式溢洪道free surface 自由面,临空面freeboard n.安全超高front n.(波)阵面ft=foot(feet) 英尺full vibration 全振动funnel-shaped 漏斗形,喇叭口形furrow n.灌水沟gage=gauge v.测量gallery n 廊道gap 缝隙gate n.闸门gate 导水叶gear drive 齿轮传动generation 发电generator room 主机间geological a.地质的geometrically adv.几何学上gpm=gallon(s) per minute 每分钟的加仑数gradation n.级配grade n.坡度;v.定坡度,把…筑平grading equipment 整平设备gravel n.砂砾石gravel 卵石gravity dam 重力坝Gravity Method ofAnalysis重力法(材料力学法)grid n.电网grout cap 灌浆帽guaged watershed有水文测站流域(有水文资料流域)half vibration 半振动handlev.输送,控制,管理head n.扬程head loss 水头损失head lost 水头损失header n 集油管headwater n.源头headwater level 上游水位headwork 进水建筑物healeda.合拢的,闭合的heel n.坝踵heterogeneous a.非均质的HFL(High Flood Level) 最高洪水位high explosive 烈性炸药hinge watertightjoint铰式止水接缝hoist capacity 启闭力homogeneous a.均质的homogeneous dam 均质坝horizontalcontraction joint水平收缩缝hose n.软管house 布置容纳hub 轮hydraulic condition 水利条件hydraulicconductivity水力传导度hydraulic excavator液压(水力)挖土机hydraulic gate 液压式闸门hydraulic potentialgradient水力势梯度hydraulic turbine 水轮机hydraulic turbine 水轮机water wheelhydro plant 水电站hydroelectricdevelopment水力发电工程hydroelectric powerstation水电站hydrostatic pressure 扬压力hyetograph n.雨量计图Hypalon n.氯磺酰化聚乙烯合成橡胶illumination n.照度impeller n.叶轮impervious a.不透水的impervious a.不透水的impervious blanket 防渗铺盖impervious core 防渗心墙impingement n.冲击,碰撞impound v.拦蓄,蓄水impoundment n.蓄水,拦蓄impulse 冲量impulse turbine 冲击式水轮机in questions 上述的in=inch 英寸inactivce storagecapacity死库容inclined core dam 斜墙坝incorporate v.合并,加入incubent a.有责任的indestructible a.不可避免的indeterminate a.超静定的,未定的indraining stream 排入水流inercept v.截留infiltrate v.渗透infiltration n.入渗,渗透inscribe v.(使)内接in-situ (拉丁语)现场instability n.失稳instantaneous and sustained modulus of elasticity 瞬时和长期弹模instantaneous unithydrograph瞬时单位线insulation oil 绝缘油intake n.引水量intake 进水口取水口interceptor drain 截水沟intermediate support 支墩intersection n.相交,交叉interval 周期intrados n.内弧面intrinsicpermeability内在透水性inundation n.淹没inventory n.资源,储藏量invert a.管道内底的invert level 引水高程inverted siphon 倒虹吸investment rate 投资回报率irrigation supplysluice灌溉进水闸isotropic a.各向同性的It will be appreciatedthat …可以看出,可以鉴别jeopardize v.危害jet pump 射流泵jettyn.突堤,导流堤,丁坝joint filler 嵌缝料kaplan turbine轴流转桨式水轮机kapron n.卡布仑kinetic energy 动能lag time 滞时land grading 土地坡度调整land smoothing 土地平整landform n.地形,地貌landsliden.坍方,滑坡,地滑lane n.车道,通道lateral n.支沟,支渠lay out 布置,安排layout n.布置layout 布置leachate n.浸析液leachingn.溶滤,沥滤,淋滤leaching requirement 冲洗定额levee n.堤,堤防liftv.提升;n.上升高度,吸程,扬程lift n.填筑层lift surface 浇筑层面lining 衬砌linkage n.连带效益liquefaction n.液化liquefiable a.易液化的lithology n.岩性load bearing capacity 承载能力load rejection 甩负荷loamy a.壤土的lodge v.积聚,打进logging n.钻孔地质断面logway n.筏道longevity n.耐久性,寿命longitudinal dike 堤,顺坝longitudinal gradient 河道纵坡low-capacity-disposa l channel 小排放量的河槽lower pool 下游lower pool 下库malfunction n.故障maninduced a.认为的marginal a.边际的massive-head buttressdam大头坝mat n.(钢筋)网matrix n.基质membrane n.膜板,表层meneral n.矿藏情况metal-lined cavity 有金属里衬的空腔meteorology n.气象学mineral content 矿物质含量minimum drainagerequirement最小排水需求mixed flow pump 混流泵mixed flow turbine 混流式水轮机moderate-sized a.中型的modulus of elasticity 弹性模量momentum 动量monolithic 整体的morning glory 牵牛花,喇叭花mould v.模制,压制movement n.位移mud torrent 泥石流multi-arch dam 连拱坝multi-faceted a.多方面的multiplier n.增值效益mutually exclusive 互斥的nappe n.水舌native vagetation 原生植物needle 针杆negative pressurewave负水击波New Exchequer Dam 新国库坝nomographn.诺模图,列线图,图算法nonconservativea.非守恒的,可逆的non-leap year 非闰年nonstationarity n.非平衡性normal angle 法向角normal to 垂直于notch n.凹槽,峡谷nozzle n.喷嘴nozzle 喷嘴obsolescene n.报废oceanography n.海洋学ogee spillway 反弧形溢洪道oil-handingfacilities供油设备on-farm田间的,田间水平的open jointed张裂隙的,张节理的operating head 工作水头order n.数量级oscillatory a.振动的osmotically adv.渗透地outcrop n.(岩层)露头outflow n.出流outlet n.排泄口outlet opening 出水outlet outsluice 出水口overfall n.溢流,跌水overflow n.溢流overflow section 溢流坝段overflow spillway 溢洪道overhang v.倒悬,伸出overhaul n.大修overriding a.占优势的,首要的overstressing n.过载,超限应力oxy-acetylene a.乙炔的parent material n.母质parlance 说法pass n.碾压遍数peak flood flow 洪峰,洪峰流量pelton wheel 冲击式水轮机penstock n.压力管道,压力钢管penstock 压力管道per capita 每人percussion drill 冲击钻perimetric joint 周边缝periphery n.周边,边缘permanent magnetgenerator永磁发电机permeability n.渗透率(性) permeable a.可渗透的permissible velocity 容许流速physical a.结构的physical effort (天然资源的)物质耗费pier 墩pilot channel 引水渠,扒口子pipe v.管涌pipe drain 管式排水,排水管pipeline 管线pit n.坑,井pitch diameter 节圆直径placed-rock 干砌块石plain concrete 素混凝土plan n.平面图plan 平面图plexiglass n.胶质玻璃plinth n.趾板plunge pool 跌水池,消力塘plunger n.柱塞,滑阀pneumatic a.风动(气动)的pocket n.坑穴pocket 空洞Poisson's ratio 泊松比pollutant n.污染源ponding n.蓄水,积水pore pressure 孔隙压力porosity n.孔隙率porousa.多孔的,有孔的positive displacementpump容积式泵positive pressurewave正水击波potential head 势头potential transformer测量（仪表）用变压器poultry n.家禽power cable 电力电缆power generatingequipment电动发电设备power house 厂房发电power output 输出功率power transmission 电力输送precipitation n.沉淀,沉积物prefabricate v.预制,装配present worth 现值pressure fluctuation 压力波动pressure gradient 压力梯度prime mover 原动机principal 本金process water sipply 自流供水系统profile n.剖面,断面profilen.剖面图,轮廓图profile n.型材propagate 传导propeller 螺桨式水轮机propeller pump 旋桨泵,轴流泵proportionv.使成比例,分配protective blanket 护滩psi=pound square inchpump bowl 泵壳pumped storage plant 抽水蓄能电站pump-turbine泵-水轮机(抽水蓄能机组) qualification n.限制条件qualify v.形容quarry n.采石场rack n.震动rainfall intensity 降雨强度rapids 急滩,险滩reaction turbine 反击式水轮机receipt 收入recession curve 退水曲线reconnaissance n.勘查,踏勘recover 回收reinforced concret 钢筋reinforcement n.钢筋加固relative density 相对密度relief n.地势,地形relief drain 减压管remodel v.改造,重建replenish v.再补充replenish v.补充,回灌reservoir capacity 库容reservoir outlet 水库泄水孔retaining wall 挡土墙,挡水墙retention n.持水力return flow 回归水reversible pump turbine 可逆式水泵水轮机reversible pump turbine 可逆式水泵水轮机revetment n.护岸工程revetment n.护岸,护坡ridge n.陇,隆起部分ridge n.山脊,波峰,隆起线right-of-way 公用道路rim 边缘ripple n.波纹riprap n.乱石,堆石,护坡river canalization 河流渠化river diversion 导流,河道分流river drainage basin 流域river regulation 河道治理river training works 河道整治riveting n.铆接rock ledge 礁石rockfill n.堆石rockfill dam 堆石坝rolled in thin layer 薄层碾压roughness coefficient 糙率rpm=revolution(s) per 每分钟的转数minuterubble masonry 毛石圬工runner 转轮runner chamber 转轮室runner setting水轮机安装高程run-off 径流rupture n.断裂,破损saddle n.鞍状构造salinityn.盐渍度,含盐度salt balance 盐量平衡sandbar 沙洲,拦门沙satuate v.饱和scour n.冲刷,磨蚀screen v.筛选screw n.螺杆(钉) seal v.封堵sealing n.止水sealing blanket 防水铺盖second only to 依次于section n.断面图sedimentn.泥沙,沉淀(积)物sediment detentionbasin沉沙池sedimentation rate沉积率,淤积速率seepage n.渗水,渗漏seepage line 渗流线segregation n.分离seismica.地震的,震动的self-propelleda.自走式,机动式sequence n.工序service gate工作闸门,主闸门service gate 工作闸门service life 使用年限service or erectionbay装配间settlement n.沉降sewage n.污水shaft n.竖井sharp-crested weir 锐缘堰,薄壁堰shear strength 剪切,强度sheet n.(水)层,(水)面,板shoal 浅滩,沙洲shock wave 冲击波shower n.阵雨shutoff head 泵的关死扬程(零流量下的扬程)shutter n.(设置)闸门shuttering n.模板side channel spillway 侧槽式溢洪道sidewall 边墙sillway n.溢洪道silt n.淤沙silt 泥沙silt carryingcapacity含(携)沙量silt-free 不含泥沙的,无沙的simple interest 单利singlecentered,variable thichness arch dam 单圆心变厚度拱坝single-purpose 单目标的siphon spillway 虹吸式溢洪道site alternative 坝址选择skip n.翻斗车,料车slab n.面板slab and buttress dam 平板坝sliding n.滑坡slitation n.淤积,淤塞slot n.门槽slot n.槽slurry trench 泥浆槽snowpack n.积雪sodium n.钠soil moisture suction 土壤水负压solid cast 整体铸造Sound quartzite 完整的石英岩spall v.剥落spatial a.空间的specific energy 比能specific heat 比热specific potential energy 单位势能specific speed 比转速speed regulation 转速调节speed signalgenerator速度信号发生器spiral 螺旋式split multispan type 分段式spot welder 点焊spreader n.摊铺机sprinklern.喷头,喷灌(装置)spur 丁坝spur dike 丁坝stage construction 分期施工stay ring 座环steel hoop 钢环stilling basin 消力池,静水池stipulate 规定storage capacityversus elevationcurve库容与水位关系曲线storage head works 蓄水首部工程storm-water n.(暴)雨水stratification n.层理,层次stream flow河道流量,河川径流stream-borne a.河流夹带的stress n.应力strike n.走向subbasin n.子流域subgrade 地基submerged gate淹没式闸门,深孔闸门submersible turbinepump潜水泵subsidence n.沉降substantially adv.充分地subsurfacea.次表层的,表层下的subsurface irrigation 地下灌溉,渗灌subsurface-drainage 地下排水suction n.吸入,虹吸sunk cost 滞留成本sunken a.水下的superelevate v.超高superimpose 叠加superimpose 添加supersede v.代替,取代superstructure 上部结构surcharge n.超载surface or underground power station 地面式或地下室电站surface-drainage 地表排水surge tank 调压井suspended sediment 悬移质泥沙sustainabledevelopment可持续发展swell 膨胀synonymous 同义的synthetic unithydrograph综合单位线tabulate v.列表tail-end n.末端,尾部tailrace diversionsystem尾水系统tailwater n.尾水tailwater 尾水talus n.坝脚抛石tank n.塘taper v.逐渐变薄,逐渐减少temporal a.时间的tensile strain 张拉应变tentative a.试验性的,假定的tentative estimate 试验性的估计terbine oil 透平油terminology 术语terrain n.地层texture n.(土壤)质地thalweg 深泓the bulk 大部分,大半the Manning formula 曼宁公式thermal conductivity 热传导系数throat 进口thrust n.推力tidal a.潮的,潮汐的TIG=tungsten-inert-g as arc welding 钨极惰性气体保护(电弧)焊time value of money 资金时间价值to be lined with metal 用钢板做里衬to be referred to as 称为to be slip formed 采用滑模施工to be termed 称为to be transmitted to(荷载)被传递至to cope with 应付to leach out 滤去to sluice with highpressure jet用高压水冲洗toe n.坝趾topographica.地形的,地学的topography n.地形topographyn.地形学,地形地势toxicity n.毒性trace width 治导线宽度tractive force拖拽力,床面水流切应力transducer-operator 由转换器操作transformer 变压器transition n.渐变,过渡transition section 渐变段transition zone 过渡区transmissivity n.导水系数transpiration n.蒸腾量transverse cracking 横线开裂trash 漂浮物trash rack 拦污栅trashrack 拦污栅traverse v.经过,流过trench v.挖沟,开槽trench 沟trestle n.排架,支架Trial Load Method ofAnalysis试荷载法(拱梁分载法) trickle n.滴灌trim v.调整,修剪trouble shooting (故障)检修trough n.槽,谷,沟trunk pipeline 干管tube turbine 贯流式水轮机tunnel spillway 隧道式溢洪道turbine case 水轮式蜗壳turbine shutoff valve 水轮机进水阀TVA(Tennessee ValleyAuthority)(美国)田纳西河流管理局two way 双向的unconfined aquifer 潜水含水层unconsolidatied a.未固结的undermine v.底切,潜挖,淘刷undulation n.波动,起伏ungauged watershed 无水文测站流域(或无水文资料流域)unit 机组unit bay 主机厅unload 甩负荷unsaturated a.非饱和的unwatering system 排水系统uplift n.扬压力upstream imperviousmembrane上游防渗铺盖vacuum 真空vane n.叶片,轮叶vane blade 叶片vegetation n.植被vent n.出口,通风孔ventilationfacilities通风设备vertical joint 垂直缝vertical turbine pump 深井泵viscosity n.粘滞性vitreous enamel coating 搪瓷(珐琅)涂层volte angle 包角volute case 涡壳vortex n.漩涡vulcanise v.硫化water conservation 水源保护,水保持,蓄水water content 含水率water hammer 水锤water logging n.渍水,沥涝water mark 水位标志,吃水标志,水位痕迹water passage 水道water passage 过流通道water passageway 流道water table 地下水位watercoursse 水系河道water-impermeable 不透水层layerwatershed n.流域waterstop n.止水watertightness n.不透水性wave action 波浪作用wear-out n.磨损weathering n.风化weir n.堰,低坝welded plate steel 焊接钢板welding n.焊接wetted area浸水面积,开挖面积WHO=World Health Organization wicket 导叶wicket gate 导水叶wilt n.枯萎winch n.绞车,卷扬机wind setup 风力壅高WMO=Water Management Organization wood filler strip 木材嵌田料zeolite sieve 沸西滤网（筛）。
围岩压力
第一类因素有重力、温度、岩体的物理力学性质、 岩体的构造、地形等经常性的因素。 影 响 因 素
Factors The first factor has recurring factors of gravity, temperature, physical and mechanical properties of the rock, the rock structure, topography, etc.
地下结构体系中，地层是承载结构的基本组成 部分，又是造成荷载的主要来源，这种合二为 一的作用与地面结构是完全不同的。
Underground structure system, the formation is an essential part of the load-bearing structures, but also caused a major source of load, which combined the role and structure of the ground is completely different.
B : 隧道宽度，m i :以B 5m为基准，B每增减1m时的围岩压力增减率 当B 5m，取i 0.2; 当B 5m，取i 0.1
适用条件
Conditions
（1）H/B<1.7,式中H为隧道高度Tunnel height （2）深埋隧道Deep tunnel （3）不产生显著偏压力及膨胀力的一般隧道
（1）围岩的初始地应力场
Initial Stress Field rock
通常所指的初始应力场，泛指隧道开挖前岩体的初始 应力场，它的形成与岩土构造、性质、埋藏条件以及 构造运动的历史等有密切关系。
The initial stress field is commonly referred to, refers to the initial stress field before the tunnel excavation of rock, rock formation and its structure, nature, historical burial conditions and tectonic movements are closely related.
用动网格模拟超音速飞机投弹过程
⽤动⽹格模拟超⾳速飞机投弹过程J O U R N A L A R T I C L E S B Y F L U E N T S O F T W A R E U S E R SWorking closely with the U.S. Air Force Munitions Directorate, Jacobs Sverdrup engineers have developed a method to accurately simulate the behavior of stores (such as munitions) as they are released from transonic aircraft. The separation of stores is a challenging problem that cost manyaircraft during the period when flight testing was the only way to evaluate alternative designs.Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of munitions separation are challenging because the rapid movement requires continual modification of the mesh, which drives the demand forcomputational resources. Jacobs Sverdrup engineers have overcome this problem by using an unstructured dynamic mesh technique. The ability to dynamically change an unstructured mesh greatly increases the speed of grid generation at each time step of the calculation. Comparing the CFD results with wind tunnel testing for one case studied showed that this method was able to accurately predict the location and velocity of the center of gravity, the angular orientation and its rate of change, and surfacepressure profiles after release. The ability to simulate separation events willsubstantially reduce design time and cost and will allow engineers to evaluate many more potential designs,presenting the opportunity for substantial performance improvements.The aerodynamic behavior of munitions or other objects as they are released from aircraft is criticalboth to the accurate arrival of the munitions at the target and the safety of the releasing aircraft. The challenge is especially great for objects that are dynamically unstable, such as fuel tanks and some modern, agile munitions in the event of control failure. In the distant past, separation testing was accomplished solely using flight tests. This approach was very time-consuming, often requiring years to certify a weapon. It was also expensive and occasionally led to the loss of an aircraft due to unexpected behavior of the store being tested. In the 1960s, methods of predicting store separation in wind tunnel tests were developed. These tests have proven so valuable that they are now the primary design tool used. However, wind tunnel tests are still expensive,have long lead times, and suffer from limited accuracy in certain situations, such as wheninvestigating stores released from within weapons bays or the ripple release of multiple moving objects.In addition, because very small-scale models must often be used, scaling problems can reduce accuracy.Dynamic Meshing Models Store Separation f rom Transonic AircraftJA212Figure 1: Perspective view of the wing/pylon/store geometryBy Deryl O. Snyder Aerospace Engineer,Jacobs Sverdrup, Inc.Eglin Air Force Base, FloridaThe advent of simulationIn recent years, engineers have begun using modeling and simulation to reduce certification cost and evaluate additional designs in order to increase the margin of safety for flight-testing. A CFD simulation provides fluid velocity, pressure, temperature, and other variables, as appropriate, throughout the solution domain for problems with complex geometries and boundary conditions. As part of the analysis, an engineer may change the geometry of the system or the boundary conditions, and observe the effect of the changes on fluid flow patterns or distributions of other variables. The use of CFD for modeling store separation began by combining traditional steady-state solutions with empirical or semi-empirical approaches. The methodology became more useful with the innovation of Chimera overset (overlapping) grid approachesthat made it possible to perform unsteady, full field simulations with or without viscous effects. Until recently, CFD has not reached its full potential for modeling transonic separation events because of the large amount of time required to perform simulations. The grid must be generated, assembled and recalculated at each time step of the simulation. Fine grids and small time steps are often required for accuracy and stability, which increases computationaltime. The most time-consuming aspect of the Figure 2: Surface meshes for coarse, nominal, and fine gridssimulation is usually the grid generation and assembly. This is especially true for complex store geometries, and in particular, for the case of stores released from weapons bays. These bays often contain intricate geometric features that affect the flow field.Unstructured dynamic meshing approach To improve on these methods, Sverdrup engineers set out to develop an unstructured dynamic meshapproach for store separation simulations. Grid generation time with unstructured meshes is reduced because the user's input is largely limited to the generation of a surface mesh. Also, because there are no overlapping grid regions, fewer grid points are required. The Sverdrup computational approach consists of three distinct components: a flow solver, a six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) trajectory calculator, and a dynamic mesh algorithm. The FLUENT flow solver from Fluent Incorpor, Lebanon, New Hampshire, is used to solve the governing fluid dynamic equations at each time step. From this solution, the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the store are computed by integrating the pressure over the surface. The forces and moments are used to compute the movement of the store by the 6DOF trajectory code. This code integrates the Newton-Euler equations of motion within FLUENT as a user-defined function (UDF) that is dynamically linked with the FLUENT solver at run time. A local remeshing algorithm is used to accommodate the moving body in the discretized computational domain. Finally, the unstructured mesh is modified to account for store movement via the dynamic mesh algorithm. When the motion of the body is small, a localized smoothing method is used. When the motion of the moving body is large, poor quality cells, based on volume or skewness criteria, are agglomerated and locally remeshed.Validating the new methodThis approach was demonstrated on a genericwing/pylon/store geometry for which benchmark experimental data was available. The wing is a 45-degree clipped delta with a 25-foot root chord length. The ogive-flat pylon extends 2 feet below the wing leading edge. The store consists of a tangent-ogive forebody, a clipped tangent-ogive afterbody, and a cylindrical centerbody. Fluent' preprocessor, Gambit, was used to generate triangle surface meshes from CAD geometry files. The meshes were imported into Fluent's meshing preprocessor, TGrid, for generation of the tetrahedral volume mesh. The automated meshing tools in GAMBIT and TGrid made it possible to create all three meshes in just a few hours. Nonpermeable wall boundary conditions were used for the wing, pylon, and store surfaces. A pressure far field condition was used at the upstream and downstream domain extents, a symmetry plane was used at the wing root, and the downstream boundary was assigned a pressure outlet condition. The initial condition used for the separation analysisFigure 3: Comparison of numerical (blue) and experimental (shadow) separation eventswas a fully converged steady-state solution. Time steps of three sizes, 0.01 sec., 0.002 sec and 0.0004 sec., were evaluated for each of three grid refinements used.The results showed that CFD performed very well in modeling a separation event at Mach 1.2 at an altitude of 38,000 feet. The center of gravity location matched very closely with the experimental data for all three grid refinements The store moved rearward and slightly inboard as it fell. The CFD results slightly underpredicted the rearward acceleration. The pitch and yaw angles of the store calculated by the simulation also agreed well with the experimental results. The roll angle is especially difficult to modelbecause the moment of inertia about the roll axis is much smaller than that of the pitch and yaw axes. Consequently the roll is very sensitive to errors in aerodynamic force prediction. In this case, the store initially pitched nose-up in response to the moment produced by the ejectors. Once free of the ejectors, the nose-down aerodynamic pitching moment reversed the trend. The store yawed initially outboard until about 0.55 seconds, after which it began turning inboard. The store rolled continuously outboard throughout the first 0.8 seconds of the separation. This trend was underpredicted by the simulation and the curve tended to diverge from the experiments after approximately 0.3 seconds.Experimental surface pressure data was also available from the wind tunnel tests. The data was compared with the simulation along axial lines of the store body at four circumferential locations and three instants in time. The agreement between the simulation and experiments was exceptional. Of particular interested was the 5 degree circumferential location line at t=0.0 because it is located in the small gap between the pylon and store. The simulation did a good job of capturing the deceleration near the leading edge of the pylon.All in all, this study showed that CFD with unstructured dynamic meshing can be a powerful tool for modeling transonic store separation. The simulation captured the experimental location, velocity, orientation and angular rate trends. Surface pressure distributions were also in excellent agreement with the experiments at the three times at which they were compared during the separation event. This new approach offers the ability to obtain accurate store separation predictions with quick turn-around times. Grid generation can be accomplished in a matter of hours, and runs such as the nominal grid case examined in this study can be completed overnight on a desktop workstation. The use of unstructured tetrahedral meshes and a fully parallelized, accurate and stable solver allows for small grids and relatively large time steps without anexcessive computational burden.Figure 4: Rigid boundary layer mesh attached to the store。
利用多极子阵列声波测井资料计算横向各向同性地层破裂压力
D eterm in in g breakdown pressures in tran sversely isotrop ic forma tion by m ultipole array acoustic logs
GAO Kun , TAO Guo ,WU Yue 2qi ,MA Yong , TI AN B in
2 个 。已知各向同性体的本构方程
[2 ]
1 利用多极子阵列声波测井资料探测
地层各向异性原理
多极子阵列声波测井仪 ( XMAC ) 具有两个偶极 声源和 8 个四极子接收单元 , 每个深度点可以记录 32 条波形 。其偶极子声源在井孔中激发起不对称 的声场 ,产生沿井壁传播的弯曲模式波 ,这种高频散 的模式波在低频 (小于 2 kHz) 时以地层横波速度 沿井轴方向传播 。对于各向异性地层 , 沿不同方向 偏振的弯曲模式波传播速度是不一样的 , 会出现与 横波分裂相类似的弯曲模式波分裂 , 即当一束横波 入射到横向各向同性地层后 , 将分裂成质点沿平行 和垂直于层理方向振动 、 并以不同的速度传播的两 个横波 。一般质点沿平行于层理方向振动的横波速 度比质点沿垂直于层理走向振动的横波速度要快 , 前者称为快横波 , 其时差记为 Δ tsf , 后者为慢横波 , 其时差记为 Δ tss 。采用改进的模拟退火算法分离出 快、 慢横波 ,从而用计算得到的快 、 慢横波时差和到 达时间来显示地层的各向异性 。
收稿日期 : 2006 - 05 - 04 基金项目 : 国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 50674098)
石的性质是其主要影响因素 。迄今为止 , 研究岩石 地应力的大多数理论与方法都将岩石视为各向同性 介质 ,在此基础上根据岩石力学理论推导地层三轴 应力分布的计算公式 , 从而计算岩石破裂压力 。而 实际岩石大多存在着不同程度的各向异性 。其中最 常见的就是横向各向同性地层 , 这种地层又分为两 种 : 一种是将岩石视为对称轴为垂直的横向各向同
船舶专业英文词汇
Shipping Vocabularya faired set of lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线a stereo pair of photographs 一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船体abandonment cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodation 居住（舱室）accommodation ladder 舷梯adjust valve 调节阀adjustable-pitch 可调螺距式admiralty 海军部advance coefficient 进速系数aerostatic 空气静力学的aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁aft peak tank 艉尖舱aileron 副鳍air cushion vehicle 气垫船air diffuser 空气扩散器air intake 进气口aircraft carrier 航空母舰air-driven water pump 气动水泵airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment chock 组装校准用垫楔aluminum alloy structure 铝合金结构American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社amidships 舯amphibious 两栖的anchor arm 锚臂anchor chain 锚链anchor crown 锚冠anchor fluke 锚爪anchor mouth 锚唇anchor recess 锚穴anchor shackle 锚卸扣anchor stock 锚杆angle bar 角钢angle of attack 攻角angle plate 角钢angled deck 斜角甲板anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍antiroll fins 减摇鳍anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱appendage 附体artisan 技工assembly line 装配流水线at-sea replenishment 海上补给augment of resistance 阻力增额auxiliary systems 辅机系统auxiliary tank 调节水舱axial advance 轴向进速backing structure 垫衬结构back-up member 焊接垫板balance weight 平衡锤ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball valve 球阀ballast tank 压载水舱bar 型材bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseline 基线basic design 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bed-plate girder 基座纵桁bending-moment curves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder 投标人bilge 舭，舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade section 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficient 方形系数blue peter 出航旗boarding deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body plan 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss 螺旋桨轴榖bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom transverse 底列板boundary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cylinder 制动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度breadth moulded 型宽breakbulk 件杂货breasthook 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会buckle 屈曲buffer spring 缓冲弹簧built-up plate section 组合型材bulb plate 球头扁钢bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk carrier 散货船bulk oil carrier 散装油轮bulkhead 舱壁bulwark 舷墙bulwark plate 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙支撑buoy tender 航标船buoyant 浮力的buoyant box 浮箱Bureau Veritas 法国船级社butt weld 对缝焊接butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽buttock 后体纵剖线by convention 按照惯例，按约定船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（二）cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo handling 货物装卸carriage 拖车，拖架cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱catamaran 高速双体船catamaran 双体的cavitation 空泡cavitation number 空泡数cavitation tunnel 空泡水筒center keelson 中内龙骨centerline bulkhead 中纵舱壁centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain cable stopper 制链器chart 海图charterer 租船人chief engineer 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification society 船级社cleat 系缆扣clipper bow 飞剪型船首clutch 离合器coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cofferdam 防撞舱壁combined cast and rolled stem 混合型艏柱commercial ship 营利用船commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库common carrier 通用运输船commuter 交通船compartment 舱室compass 罗经concept design 概念设计connecting tank 连接水柜constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨constraint condition 约束条件container 集装箱containerized 集装箱化contract design 合同设计contra-rotating propellers 对转桨controllable-pitch 可控螺距式corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀couple 力矩，力偶crane 克令吊，起重机crank 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew quarters 船员居住舱criterion 判据，准则Critical ath Method 关键路径法cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional area 横剖面面积crow’s nest 桅杆瞭望台cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾crussing range 航程cup and ball joint 球窝关节curvature 曲率curves of form 各船形曲线cushion of air 气垫damage stability 破损稳性damper 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit arm 吊臂deadweight 总载重量de-ballast 卸除压载deck line at side 甲板边线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer 甲板边板deck transverse 强横梁deckhouse 舱面室，甲板室deep v hull 深v型船体delivery 交船depth 船深derrick 起重机，吊杆design margin 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer 驱逐舰detachable shackle 散合式连接卸扣detail design 详细设计diagonal stiffener 斜置加强筋diagram 图，原理图，设计图diesel engine 柴油机dimensionless ratio 无量纲比值displacement 排水量displacement type vessel 排水型船distributed load 分布载荷division 站，划分，分隔do work 做功dock 泊靠double hook 山字钩double iteration procedure 双重迭代法double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting steam cylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down halyard 降帆索draft 吃水drag 阻力，拖拽力drainage 排水draught 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drilling rig 钻架drillship 钻井船drive shaft 驱动器轴driving gear box 传动齿轮箱driving shaft system 传动轴系dry dock 干船坞ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer 测力计，功率计船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（三）e.h.p 有效马力eccentric wheel 偏心轮echo-sounder 回声探深仪eddy 漩涡eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力efficiency 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic 电动液压的electroplater 电镀工elevations 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical formula 经验公式enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇end open link 末端链环end shackle 末端卸扣endurance 续航力endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间engine room frame 机舱肋骨engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection 装配，安装exhaust valve 排气阀expanded bracket 延伸肘板expansion joint 伸缩接头extrapolate 外插fair 光顺faised floor 升高肋板fan 鼓风机fatigue 疲劳feasibility study 可行性研究feathering blade 顺流变距桨叶fender 护舷ferry 渡轮，渡运航线fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接fin angle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置fine fast ship 纤细高速船fine form 瘦长船型finite element 有限元fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉fixed-pitch 固定螺距式flange 突边，法兰盘flanking rudders 侧翼舵flap-type rudder 襟翼舵flare 外飘，外张flat of keel 平板龙骨fleets of vessels 船队flexural 挠曲的floating crane 起重船floodable length curve 可进长度曲线flow of materials 物流flow pattern 流型，流线谱flush deck vessel 平甲板型船flying bridge 游艇驾驶台flying jib 艏三角帆folding batch cover 折叠式舱口盖folding retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following edge 随边following ship 后续船foot brake 脚踏刹车fore peak 艏尖舱forged steel stem 锻钢艏柱forging 锻件，锻造forward draft mark 船首水尺forward/afer perpendicular 艏艉柱forward/after shoulder 前/后肩foundry casting 翻砂铸造frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard 干舷freeboard deck 干舷甲板freight rate 运费率fresh water loadline 淡水载重线frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Froude number 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船full form丰满船型full scale 全尺度fullness 丰满度funnel 烟囱furnishings 内装修gaff 纵帆斜桁gaff foresail 前桅主帆gangway 舷梯gantt chart 甘特图gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口general arrangement 总布置general cargo ship 杂货船generatrix 母线geometrically similar form 外形相似船型girder 桁梁，桁架girder of foundation 基座纵桁governmental authorities 政府当局，管理机构gradient 梯度graving dock 槽式船坞Green Book 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross ton 长吨（1.016公吨）group technology 成祖建造技术GT 成组建造技术guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰gunwale 船舷上缘gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板guyline 定位索gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steering indicator 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope 回转仪船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（四）half breadth plan 半宽图half depth girder 半深纵骨half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢hard chine 尖舭hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座hatch coaming 舱口围板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch cover 舱口盖板hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁hawse pipe 锚链桶hawsehole 锚链孔heave 垂荡heel 横倾heel piece 艉柱根helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge 铰链hinged stern door 艉部吊门HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇hog 中拱hold 船舱homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体hopper barge 倾卸驳horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HV AC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydrofoil 水翼hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society (IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交*，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship 空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of shipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse) 纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（五）N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆*头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle 销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体Plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system 动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance 质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay 码头，停泊所quotation 报价单船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（六）racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration 应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配subdivision 分舱submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（七）tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位torpedo 鱼雷torque 扭矩torque 扭矩trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮V oith-Schneider propeller 外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity 水密完整性wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web 腹板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板welder 焊工wetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车windlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇。
船舶专业英语词汇
船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（一）a?faired?set?of?lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线a?stereo?pair?of?photographs? 一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船尾[adv][prep]abandonment?cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodation? 居住（舱室）living quarter accommodation?ladder 舷梯adjust?valve? 调节阀adjustable-pitch? 可调螺距式admiralty? 海军部advance?coefficient? 进速系数aerostatic? 空气静力学的aft?peak?bulkhead? 艉尖舱壁aft?peak?tank? 艉尖舱aileron? 副鳍air?cushion?vehicle? 气垫船air?diffuser? 空气扩散器air?intake? 进气口aircraft?carrier? 航空母舰air-driven?water?pump? 气动水泵airfoil? 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment?chock? 组装校准用垫楔aluminum?alloy?structure? 铝合金结构American?Bureau?of?Shipping? 美国船级社amidships?舯[adv]amphibious? 两栖的anchor?arm? 锚臂anchor?chain? 锚链anchor?crown? 锚冠anchor?fluke? 锚爪anchor?mouth? 锚唇anchor?recess? 锚穴anchor?shackle? 锚卸扣anchor?stock? 锚杆angle?bar? 角钢angle?of?attack? 攻角angle?plate? 角钢angled?deck? 斜角甲板anticipated?loads?encountered?at?sea? 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching?fins? 减纵摇鳍antiroll?fins? 减摇鳍anti-rolling?tank? 减摇水舱appendage? 附体artisan? 技工assembly?line? 装配流水线at-sea?replenishment? 海上补给augment?of?resistance? 阻力增额auxiliary?systems? 辅机系统auxiliary?tank? 调节水舱axial?advance? 轴向进速backing?structure? 垫衬结构back-up?member? 焊接垫板balance?weight? 平衡锤ball?bearing? 滚珠轴承ball?valve? 球阀ballast?tank? 压载水舱bar? 型材bar?keel? 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge? 驳船baseline? 基线basic?design? 基本设计batten? 压条，板条beam? 船宽，梁beam?bracket? 横梁肘板beam?knee? 横梁肘板Beacon 灯塔，示位标bed-plate?girder? 基座纵桁bending-moment?curves? 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s?law? 伯努利定律berth?term? 停泊期bevel? 折角bidder? 投标人bilge? 舭，舱底bilge?bracket? 舭肘板bilge?radius? 舭半径bilge?sounding?pipe? 舭部边舱水深探管bitt? 单柱系缆桩blade?root? 叶跟blade?section? 叶元剖面blast? 喷丸block?coefficient? 方形系数blue?peter? 出航旗boarding?deck? 登艇甲板boat?davit? 吊艇架boat?fall? 吊艇索boat?guy? 稳艇索bobstay? 首斜尾拉索body?plan? 横剖面图bolt? 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean?curve? 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss? 螺旋桨轴榖bottom?side?girder? 旁底桁bottom?side?tank? 底边舱bottom?transverse? 底列板boundary?layer? 边界层bow?line? 前体纵剖线bow?wave? 艏波bowsprit? 艏斜桅bow-thruster? 艏侧推器box?girder? 箱桁bracket?floor? 框架肋板brake? 制动装置brake?band? 制动带brake?crank?arm? 制动曲柄brake?drum? 刹车卷筒brake?hydraulic?cylinder? 制动液压缸brake?hydraulic?pipe? 刹车液压管breadth?extreme? 最大宽，计算宽度breadth?molded? 型宽breakbulk? 件杂货breasthook? 艏肘板bridge? 桥楼，驾驶台bridge?console?stand? 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA? 英国船舶研究协会buckle? 屈曲buffer?spring? 缓冲弹簧built-up?plate?section? 组合型材bulb?plate? 球头扁钢bulbous?bow? 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk?carrier 散货船bulk?oil?carrier? 散装油轮bulkhead? 舱壁bulwark? 舷墙bulwark?plate? 舷墙板bulwark?stay? 舷墙支撑buoy?tender? 航标船buoyant? 浮力的buoyant?box? 浮箱Bureau?Veritas? 法国船级社butt?weld? 对缝焊接butterfly?screw?cap? 蝶形螺帽buttock? 后体纵剖线by?convention? 按照惯例，按约定、公约船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（二）cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble?vehicle? 束缚气泡减阻船cargo?cubic? 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo?handling? 货物装卸carriage? 拖车，拖架cast?steel?stem?post? 铸钢艏柱catamaran? 高速双体船catamaran? 双体的cavitation? 空泡cavitation?number? 空泡数cavitation?tunnel? 空泡水筒center?keelson? 中内龙骨centerline?bulkhead? 中纵舱壁centroid? 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain?cable?stopper? 制链器chart? 海图charterer? 租船人charterchief?engineer? 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification?society? 船级社cleat? 系缆扣clipper?bow? 飞剪型船首clutch? 离合器coastal?cargo? 沿海客货轮cofferdam? 防撞舱壁combined?cast?and?rolled?stem? 混合型艏柱commercial?ship? 营利用船commissary?spaces? 补给库舱室，粮食库common?carrier? 通用运输船commuter? 交通船compartment? 舱室，间隔舱compass? 罗经concept?design? 概念设计connecting?tank? 连接水柜constant-pitch?propeller? 定螺距螺旋桨constraint?condition? 约束条件container? 集装箱containerized? 集装箱化contract?design? 合同设计contra-rotating?propellers? 对转桨controllable-pitch? 可控螺距式corrosion? 锈蚀，腐蚀couple? 力矩，力偶crane? 克令吊，起重机crank? 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew?quarters? 船员居住舱criterion? 判据，准则Critical?Path?Method 关键路径法cross-channel?automobile?ferries? 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional?area? 横剖面面积crow’s?nest? 桅杆了望台cruiser?stern? 巡洋舰尾crussing?range? 航程cup?and?ball?joint? 球窝关节curvature? 曲率curves?of?form? 各船形曲线cushion?of?air? 气垫damage?stability? 破损稳性damper? 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit?arm? 吊臂deadweight? 总载重量de-ballast? 卸除压载deck?line?at?side? 甲板边线deck?longitudinal? 甲板纵骨deck?stringer? 甲板边板deck?transverse? 强横梁deckhouse? 舱面室，甲板室deep?v?hull? 深v型船体delivery? 交船depth? 船深derrick? 起重机，吊杆design?margin? 设计余量design?spiral? 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer? 驱逐舰detachable?shackle? 散合式连接卸扣detail?design? 详细设计diagonal?stiffener? 斜置加强筋diagram? 图，原理图，设计图diesel?engine 柴油机dimensionless?ratio? 无量纲比值displacement? 排水量displacement?type?vessel? 排水型船throughoutdistributed?load? 分布载荷division? 站，划分，分隔do?work? 做功dock? 泊靠vtdouble?hook? 山字钩double?iteration?procedure? 双重迭代法double?roller?chock? 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting?steam?cylinder? 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down?halyard? 降帆索draft? 吃水，草图，设计图drag? 阻力，拖拽力drainage? 排水draught? 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge? 挖泥船drift? 漂移，偏航drilling?rig? 钻架drillship? 钻井船drive?shaft? 驱动器轴driving?gear?box? 传动齿轮箱driving?shaft?system? 传动轴系dry?dock? 干船坞ducted?propeller? 导管螺旋桨dynamic?supported?craft? 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer? 测力计，功率计船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（三）e.h.p? 有效马力eccentric?wheel? 偏心轮echo-sounder? 回声探深仪eddy? 漩涡eddy-making?resistance? 漩涡阻力efficiency? 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic? 电动液压的electroplater? 电镀工elevations? 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical?formula? 经验公式enclosed?fabrication?shop? 封闭式装配车间enclosed?lifeboat? 封闭式救生艇end?open?link? 末端链环end?shackle? 末端卸扣endurance? 续航力endurance? 续航力，全功率工作时间engine?room?frame? 机舱肋骨engine?room?hatch?end?beam? 机舱口端梁ensign?staff? 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection? 装配，安装exhaust?valve? 排气阀expanded?bracket? 延伸肘板expansion?joint? 伸缩接头extrapolate? 外插fair? 光顺faised?floor? 升高肋板fan? 鼓风机fatigue? 疲劳feasibility?study? 可行性研究feathering?blade 顺流变距桨叶fender? 护舷ferry? 渡轮，渡运航线fillet?weld?connection 贴角焊连接fin?angle?feedback?set? 鳍角反馈装置fine?fast?ship 纤细高速船fine?form? 瘦长船型finite?element? 有限元fire?tube?boiler?火管锅炉fixed-pitch? 固定螺距式flange? 突边，法兰盘flanking?rudders? 侧翼舵flap-type?rudder? 襟翼舵flare? 外飘，外张flat?of?keel? 平板龙骨fleets?of?vessels? 船队flexural? 挠曲的floating?crane? 起重船floodable?length?curve? 可进长度曲线flow?of?materials 物流flow?pattern? 流型，流线谱flush?deck?vessel? 平甲板型船flying?bridge? 游艇驾驶台flying?jib? 艏三角帆folding?batch?cover? 折叠式舱口盖folding?retractable?fin?stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following?edge 随边following?ship? 后续船foot?brake 脚踏刹车fore?peak?tank 艏尖舱forged?steel?stem? 锻钢艏柱forging? 锻件，锻造forgeforward?draft?mark? 船首水尺forward/afer?perpendicular 艏艉柱forward/after?shoulder? 前/后肩foundry?casting? 翻砂铸造frame?船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard? 干舷freeboard?deck? 干舷甲板freight?rate? 运费率fresh?water?loadline? 淡水载重线frictional?resistance? 摩擦阻力Froude?number 傅汝德数fuel/water?supply?vessel? 油水供给船full?form丰满船型full?scale? 全尺度fullness? 丰满度funnel? 烟囱furnishings? 内装修furnituregaff? 纵帆斜桁gaff?foresail? 前桅主帆gangway? 舷梯gantt?chart? 甘特图gasketed?openings? 装以密封垫的开口general?arrangement 总布置general?cargo?ship? 杂货船generatrix? 母线geometrically?similar?form? 外形相似船型girder? 桁梁，桁架girder?of?foundation? 基座纵桁governmental?authorities? 政府当局，管理机构gradient? 梯度graving?dock? 槽式船坞Green?Book? 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross?ton? 长吨（1.016公吨）group?technology? 成祖建造技术GT? 成组建造技术guided-missile?cruiser? 导弹巡洋舰gunwale? 船舷上缘gunwale?angle? 舷边角钢gunwale?rounded?thick?strake? 舷边圆弧厚板guyline? 定位索gypsy? 链轮gyro-pilot?steering?indicator? 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope? 回转仪船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（四）half?breadth?plan? 半宽图half?depth?girder? 半深纵骨half?rounded?flat?plate? 半圆扁钢hard?chine? 尖舭hatch?beam?sockets? 舱口梁座hatch?coaming? 舱口围板hatch?cover? 舱口盖hatch?cover? 舱口盖板hatch?cover?rack? 舱口盖板隔架hatch?side?cantilever? 舱口悬臂梁hawse?pipe? 锚链桶hawsehole? 锚链孔heave? 垂荡heel? 横倾heel?piece? 艉柱根helicoidal? 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge? 铰链hinged?stern?door? 艉部吊门HMS? 英国皇家海军舰艇hog? 中拱hold? 船舱homogeneous?cylinder? 均质柱状体hopper?barge? 倾卸驳horizontal?stiffener? 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HVAC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic? 水动力学的hydrofoil? 水翼hydrostatic? 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society (IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交*，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipment （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of shipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse)纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（五）N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆*头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体Plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay码头，停泊所quotation 报价单船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（六）racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sections 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机bow 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配subdivision 分舱submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（七）tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位torpedo 鱼雷torque 扭矩trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮very large crude carrierVoith-Schneider propeller/ propulsion外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity/integrality 水密完整性integrate 整合completeness wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web 腹板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板welder 焊工melterwetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车mooring winchwindlass 起锚机anchor windlasswing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇二．轮机1． Inspection machining dimension of propeller shaft(intermediate shaft or counter shaft).螺旋桨轴（中间轴）机加工尺寸检查。
船舶与海洋工程专业常用词汇英汉对照
commuter交通船
compartment舱室
compass罗经
concept design概念设计
connecting tank连接水柜
constant-pitch propeller定螺距螺旋桨
constraint condition约束条件
container集装箱
aft peak bulkhead艉尖舱壁
aft peak tank艉尖舱
aileron副鳍
air cushion vehicle气垫船
air diffuser空气扩散器
air intake进气口
aircraft carrier航空母舰
air-driven water pump气动水泵
airfoil气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵
classification society船级社
cleat系缆扣
clipper bow飞剪型船首
clutch离合器
coastal cargo沿海客货轮
cofferdam防撞舱壁
combined cast and rolled stem混合型艏柱
commercial ship营利用船
commissary spaces补给库舱室，粮食库
brake drum刹车卷筒
brake hydraulic cylinder制动液压缸
brake hydraulic pipe刹车液压管
breadth extreme最大宽，计算宽度
breadth moulded型宽
breakbulk件杂货
breasthook艏肘板
bridge桥楼，驾驶台
bridge console stand驾驶室集中操作台
船舶专业英文词汇汇总
船舶专业英文词汇船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（一）a faired set of lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线a stereo pair of photographs 一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船体abandonment cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodation 居住（舱室）accommodation ladder 舷梯adjust valve 调节阀adjustable-pitch 可调螺距式admiralty 海军部advance coefficient 进速系数aerostatic 空气静力学的aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁aft peak tank 艉尖舱aileron 副鳍air cushion vehicle 气垫船air diffuser 空气扩散器air intake 进气口aircraft carrier 航空母舰air-driven water pump 气动水泵airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment chock 组装校准用垫楔aluminum alloy structure 铝合金结构American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社amidships 舯amphibious 两栖的anchor arm 锚臂anchor chain 锚链anchor crown 锚冠anchor fluke 锚爪anchor mouth 锚唇anchor recess 锚穴anchor shackle 锚卸扣anchor stock 锚杆angle bar 角钢angle of attack 攻角angle plate 角钢angled deck 斜角甲板anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍antiroll fins 减摇鳍anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱appendage 附体artisan 技工assembly line 装配流水线at-sea replenishment 海上补给augment of resistance 阻力增额auxiliary systems 辅机系统auxiliary tank 调节水舱axial advance 轴向进速backing structure 垫衬结构back-up member 焊接垫板balance weight 平衡锤ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball valve 球阀ballast tank 压载水舱bar 型材bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseline 基线basic design 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bed-plate girder 基座纵桁bending-moment curves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder 投标人bilge 舭，舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade section 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficient 方形系数blue peter 出航旗boarding deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body plan 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss 螺旋桨轴榖bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom transverse 底列板boundary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cylinder 制动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度breadth moulded 型宽breakbulk 件杂货breasthook 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会buckle 屈曲buffer spring 缓冲弹簧built-up plate section 组合型材bulb plate 球头扁钢bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk carrier 散货船bulk oil carrier 散装油轮bulkhead 舱壁bulwark 舷墙bulwark plate 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙支撑buoy tender 航标船buoyant 浮力的buoyant box 浮箱Bureau Veritas 法国船级社butt weld 对缝焊接butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽buttock 后体纵剖线by convention 按照惯例，按约定船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（二）cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo handling 货物装卸carriage 拖车，拖架cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱catamaran 高速双体船catamaran 双体的cavitation 空泡cavitation number 空泡数cavitation tunnel 空泡水筒center keelson 中内龙骨centerline bulkhead 中纵舱壁centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain cable stopper 制链器chart 海图charterer 租船人chief engineer 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification society 船级社cleat 系缆扣clipper bow 飞剪型船首clutch 离合器coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cofferdam 防撞舱壁combined cast and rolled stem 混合型艏柱commercial ship 营利用船commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库common carrier 通用运输船commuter 交通船compartment 舱室compass 罗经concept design 概念设计connecting tank 连接水柜constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨constraint condition 约束条件container 集装箱containerized 集装箱化contract design 合同设计contra-rotating propellers 对转桨controllable-pitch 可控螺距式corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀couple 力矩，力偶crane 克令吊，起重机crank 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew quarters 船员居住舱criterion 判据，准则Critical ath Method 关键路径法cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional area 横剖面面积crow’s nest 桅杆瞭望台cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾crussing range 航程cup and ball joint 球窝关节curvature 曲率curves of form 各船形曲线cushion of air 气垫damage stability 破损稳性damper 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit arm 吊臂deadweight 总载重量de-ballast 卸除压载deck line at side 甲板边线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer 甲板边板deck transverse 强横梁deckhouse 舱面室，甲板室deep v hull 深v型船体delivery 交船depth 船深derrick 起重机，吊杆design margin 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer 驱逐舰detachable shackle 散合式连接卸扣detail design 详细设计diagonal stiffener 斜置加强筋diagram 图，原理图，设计图diesel engine 柴油机dimensionless ratio 无量纲比值displacement 排水量displacement type vessel 排水型船distributed load 分布载荷division 站，划分，分隔do work 做功dock 泊靠double hook 山字钩double iteration procedure 双重迭代法double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting steam cylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down halyard 降帆索draft 吃水drag 阻力，拖拽力drainage 排水draught 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drilling rig 钻架drillship 钻井船drive shaft 驱动器轴driving gear box 传动齿轮箱driving shaft system 传动轴系dry dock 干船坞ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer 测力计，功率计船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（三）e.h.p 有效马力eccentric wheel 偏心轮echo-sounder 回声探深仪eddy 漩涡eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力efficiency 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic 电动液压的electroplater 电镀工elevations 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical formula 经验公式enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇end open link 末端链环end shackle 末端卸扣endurance 续航力endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间engine room frame 机舱肋骨engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection 装配，安装exhaust valve 排气阀expanded bracket 延伸肘板expansion joint 伸缩接头extrapolate 外插fair 光顺faised floor 升高肋板fan 鼓风机fatigue 疲劳feasibility study 可行性研究feathering blade 顺流变距桨叶fender 护舷ferry 渡轮，渡运航线fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接fin angle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置fine fast ship 纤细高速船fine form 瘦长船型finite element 有限元fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉fixed-pitch 固定螺距式flange 突边，法兰盘flanking rudders 侧翼舵flap-type rudder 襟翼舵flare 外飘，外张flat of keel 平板龙骨fleets of vessels 船队flexural 挠曲的floating crane 起重船floodable length curve 可进长度曲线flow of materials 物流flow pattern 流型，流线谱flush deck vessel 平甲板型船flying bridge 游艇驾驶台flying jib 艏三角帆folding batch cover 折叠式舱口盖folding retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following edge 随边following ship 后续船foot brake 脚踏刹车fore peak 艏尖舱forged steel stem 锻钢艏柱forging 锻件，锻造forward draft mark 船首水尺forward/afer perpendicular 艏艉柱forward/after shoulder 前/后肩foundry casting 翻砂铸造frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard 干舷freeboard deck 干舷甲板freight rate 运费率fresh water loadline 淡水载重线frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Froude number 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船full form 丰满船型full scale 全尺度fullness 丰满度funnel 烟囱furnishings 内装修gaff 纵帆斜桁gaff foresail 前桅主帆gangway 舷梯gantt chart 甘特图gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口general arrangement 总布置general cargo ship 杂货船generatrix 母线geometrically similar form 外形相似船型girder 桁梁，桁架girder of foundation 基座纵桁governmental authorities 政府当局，管理机构gradient 梯度graving dock 槽式船坞Green Book 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross ton 长吨（1.016公吨）group technology 成祖建造技术GT 成组建造技术guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰gunwale 船舷上缘gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板guyline 定位索gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steering indicator 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope 回转仪船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（四）half breadth plan 半宽图half depth girder 半深纵骨half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢hard chine 尖舭hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座hatch coaming 舱口围板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch cover 舱口盖板hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁hawse pipe 锚链桶hawsehole 锚链孔heave 垂荡heel 横倾heel piece 艉柱根helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge 铰链hinged stern door 艉部吊门HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇hog 中拱hold 船舱homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体hopper barge 倾卸驳horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HVAC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydrofoil 水翼hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society (IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交*，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship 空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of shipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse) 纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（五）N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆*头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle 销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体Plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system 动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance 质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay 码头，停泊所quotation 报价单船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（六）racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration 应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配subdivision 分舱submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（七）tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位torpedo 鱼雷torque 扭矩torque 扭矩trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮Voith-Schneider propeller 外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity 水密完整性wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web 腹板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板welder 焊工wetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车windlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇。
船舶专业英语
butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽
buttock 后体纵剖线
by convention 按照惯例，按约定
C
cable ship 布缆船
cable winch 钢索绞车
CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计
captain 船长
captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船
cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积
cargo handling 货物装卸
carriage 拖车，拖架
cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱
contra-rotating propellers 对转桨
controllable-pitch 可控螺距式
corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀
couple 力矩，力偶
crane 克令吊，起重机
crank 曲柄
crest (of wave) 波峰
bow line 前体纵剖线
bow wave 艏波
bowsprit 艏斜桅
bow-thruster 艏侧推器
box girder 箱桁
bracket floor 框架肋板
brake 制动装置
brake band 制动带
admiralty 海军部
advance coefficient 进速系数
aerostatic 空气静力学的
aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁
aft peak tank 艉尖舱
aileron 副鳍
air cushion vehicle 气垫船
船舶专业英语
air diffuser 空气扩散器air intake 进气口aircraft carrier 航空母舰air-driven water pump 气动水泵airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment chock 组装校准用垫楔aluminum alloy structure 铝合金结构American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社amidships 舯amphibious 两栖的anchor arm 锚臂anchor chain 锚链anchor crown 锚冠anchor fluke 锚爪anchor mouth 锚唇anchor recess 锚穴anchor shackle 锚卸扣anchor stock 锚杆angle bar 角钢angle of attack 攻角angle plate 角钢angled deck 斜角甲板anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍antiroll fins 减摇鳍anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱appendage 附体artisan 技工assembly line 装配流水线at-sea replenishment 海上补给augment of resistance 阻力增额auxiliary systems 辅机系统auxiliary tank 调节水舱axial advance 轴向进速backing structure 垫衬结构back-up member 焊接垫板balance weight 平衡锤ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball valve 球阀ballast tank 压载水舱bar 型材bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseline 基线basic design 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bed-plate girder 基座纵桁bending-moment curves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder 投标人bilge 舭，舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade section 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficient 方形系数blue peter 出航旗boarding deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body plan 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss 螺旋桨轴榖bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom transverse 底列板boundary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cylinder 制动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度breadth moulded 型宽breakbulk 件杂货breasthook 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会buckle 屈曲buffer spring 缓冲弹簧built-up plate section 组合型材bulb plate 球头扁钢bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk carrier 散货船bulk oil carrier 散装油轮bulkhead 舱壁bulwark 舷墙bulwark plate 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙支撑buoy tender 航标船buoyant 浮力的buoyant box 浮箱Bureau Veritas 法国船级社butt weld 对缝焊接butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽buttock 后体纵剖线by convention 按照惯例，按约定cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo handling 货物装卸carriage 拖车，拖架cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱catamaran 高速双体船catamaran 双体的cavitation 空泡cavitation number 空泡数cavitation tunnel 空泡水筒center keelson 中内龙骨centerline bulkhead 中纵舱壁centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain cable stopper 制链器chart 海图charterer 租船人chief engineer 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification society 船级社cleat 系缆扣clipper bow 飞剪型船首clutch 离合器coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cofferdam 防撞舱壁combined cast and rolled stem 混合型艏柱commercial ship 营利用船commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库common carrier 通用运输船commuter 交通船compartment 舱室compass 罗经concept design 概念设计connecting tank 连接水柜constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨constraint condition 约束条件container 集装箱containerized 集装箱化contract design 合同设计contra-rotating propellers 对转桨controllable-pitch 可控螺距式corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀couple 力矩，力偶crane 克令吊，起重机crank 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew quarters 船员居住舱criterion 判据，准则Critical Path Method 关键路径法cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional area 横剖面面积cro w’s nest 桅杆瞭望台cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾crussing range 航程cup and ball joint 球窝关节curvature 曲率curves of form 各船形曲线cushion of air 气垫damage stability 破损稳性damper 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit arm 吊臂deadweight 总载重量de-ballast 卸除压载deck line at side 甲板边线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer 甲板边板deck transverse 强横梁deckhouse 舱面室，甲板室deep v hull 深v型船体delivery 交船depth 船深derrick 起重机，吊杆design margin 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer 驱逐舰detachable shackle 散合式连接卸扣detail design 详细设计diagonal stiffener 斜置加强筋diagram 图，原理图，设计图diesel engine 柴油机dimensionless ratio 无量纲比值displacement 排水量displacement type vessel 排水型船distributed load 分布载荷division 站，划分，分隔do work 做功dock 泊靠double hook 山字钩double iteration procedure 双重迭代法double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting steam cylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down halyard 降帆索draft 吃水drag 阻力，拖拽力drainage 排水draught 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drilling rig 钻架drillship 钻井船drive shaft 驱动器轴driving gear box 传动齿轮箱driving shaft system 传动轴系dry dock 干船坞ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer 测力计，功率计e.h.p 有效马力eccentric wheel 偏心轮echo-sounder 回声探深仪eddy 漩涡eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力efficiency 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic 电动液压的electroplater 电镀工elevations 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical formula 经验公式enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇end open link 末端链环end shackle 末端卸扣endurance 续航力endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间engine room frame 机舱肋骨engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection 装配，安装exhaust valve 排气阀expanded bracket 延伸肘板expansion joint 伸缩接头extrapolate 外插fair 光顺faised floor 升高肋板fan 鼓风机fatigue 疲劳feasibility study 可行性研究feathering blade 顺流变距桨叶fender 护舷ferry 渡轮，渡运航线fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接fin angle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置fine fast ship 纤细高速船fine form 瘦长船型finite element 有限元fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉fixed-pitch 固定螺距式flange 突边，法兰盘flanking rudders 侧翼舵flap-type rudder 襟翼舵flare 外飘，外张flat of keel 平板龙骨fleets of vessels 船队flexural 挠曲的floating crane 起重船floodable length curve 可进长度曲线flow of materials 物流flow pattern 流型，流线谱flush deck vessel 平甲板型船flying bridge 游艇驾驶台flying jib 艏三角帆folding batch cover 折叠式舱口盖folding retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following edge 随边following ship 后续船foot brake 脚踏刹车fore peak 艏尖舱forged steel stem 锻钢艏柱forging 锻件，锻造forward draft mark 船首水尺forward/afer perpendicular 艏艉柱forward/after shoulder 前/后肩foundry casting 翻砂铸造frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard 干舷freeboard deck 干舷甲板freight rate 运费率fresh water loadline 淡水载重线frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Froude number 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船full form丰满船型full scale 全尺度fullness 丰满度funnel 烟囱furnishings 内装修gaff 纵帆斜桁gaff foresail 前桅主帆gangway 舷梯gantt chart 甘特图gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口general arrangement 总布置general cargo ship 杂货船generatrix 母线geometrically similar form 外形相似船型girder 桁梁，桁架girder of foundation 基座纵桁governmental authorities 政府当局，管理机构gradient 梯度graving dock 槽式船坞GreenBook 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross ton 长吨（1.016公吨）group technology 成祖建造技术GT 成组建造技术guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰gunwale 船舷上缘gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板guyline 定位索gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steering indicator 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope 回转仪half breadth plan 半宽图half depth girder 半深纵骨half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢hard chine 尖舭hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座hatch coaming 舱口围板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch cover 舱口盖板hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁hawse pipe 锚链桶hawsehole 锚链孔heave 垂荡heel 横倾heel piece 艉柱根helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge 铰链hinged stern door 艉部吊门HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇hog 中拱hold 船舱homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体hopper barge 倾卸驳horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HVAC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydrofoil 水翼hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime ConsultativeOrganization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society(IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交叉，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship 空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of s hipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse) 纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆叉头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle 销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体Plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system 动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance 质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay 码头，停泊所quotation 报价单racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration 应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位torpedo 鱼雷torque 扭矩torque 扭矩trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮Voith-Schneider propeller 外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity 水密完整性wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web 腹板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板weler 焊工wetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车windlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇。
南航直升机飞行器设计专业英语翻译
南航直升机飞行器设计专业英语翻译专业简介：最王牌的当然是飞行器制造和电气工程及自动化了，这是南航的开山之斧；其次南航民航学院是南航的一大特色，由于民航这一行业的特殊性和我国民航正处在快速的发展期，学习相对轻松但就业前景很好，其中最好的当属一专业空中交通管理及签派，我本人就是签派，毕业转正并生成责任签派以后月工资在七八千以上，当然还有机务（修飞机的）、民航电子电器等都不错，只是只适合男生，因为比较辛苦。
另外像其他院地自动化、材料等专业都很好，找工作不成问题......有问题再问我。
Qq:785071009考研复习资料这里有~一、基础词汇free stream dynamic pressure自由来流动压boundary layer附面层asymmetry/symmetry不对称/对称flow reversl气流反向horizontal tailplane水平安定面vertical fin垂直安定面lateral/longitudinal cyclic coefficient横向/纵向周期变距headwind逆风tailwind顺风四、性能计算部分：英文释义中文释义备注说明performance assessment性能评估helicopter performance calculation直升机性能计算ground effect地面效应autorotation自转飞行high rate of climb悬停升限wind tunnel test风洞测试patrol/loiter task巡航飞行cruise speed巡航速度weight capability承重能力rate of climb 爬升率absolute ceiling绝对升限service ceiling 实用升限optimum speed 最佳速度minimum rate of descent 最小下降率maximum edurance/loiter time 最大续航时间maximum glide distance最大航行距离maximum range最大航行里程maximum speed最大速度specific range比航程dihedral action上反作用longitudinal/lateral trim equation纵向/横向配平方程shaft power轴功率power requirement需用功率induced requirement诱导功率stability 稳定性static stability静稳定dynamic stability动稳定incidence disturbance动稳定扰动的几种情况forward speed disturbance angular velocity disturbancesideslip disturbance yawing disturbancestability augmentation system增稳系统。
安全专业英语词汇
U n i t1s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m管绩主Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能安府备全政约作调包的制查Fact finding 寻找事实Operating procedures flow diagrams 操作过程流程图Maintenance chart 维修图表Bound notebook 活页笔记本Physical or chemical law 物理或化学定律Table of contents 目录Narrative 叙事的Counter-measure 干预措施operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer long-term injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as cement and aggregates.很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机的轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤。
更多的工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重的物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状物等）的时候而遭受长期的伤痛。
机构专有名词-中英文翻译
【分享】机械专有名词机械专有名词：adapter 变电器＊alignment 排成直线＊alloy 合金aluminum tube 铝管ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 环境温度＊angle pin (angular pin) 斜稍＊angular pin 倾斜销anneal 使热化﹑退火vtannealing 退火anodize = anodic treatment 阳极处理back pressure 背压backplate 托板＊Be Cu (Beryllium Copper) 铍铜bearing 轴承blade 导片blanking die 下料模blind 盲点blind hole 盲孔blow molding 吹气成形＊boss 凸毂﹑毂部brittle 脆的＊brittleness 破碎﹑脆性(指脆的程度)bubble 气泡burning 烧焦burr 毛边(金属材料)bush 衬套CSA canadian safety agency 加拿大安规认证机构CTF critical to function 功能关键尺寸calendar 日历calender 磨光机轮压calender molding 轮压成形＊caliper 游标卡尺cavity (CA V) 母模﹑雌模＊cavity plate 固定侧模板chain 练条＊chamfer 倒角chatter mark 跳刀痕迹clamping plate 固定板＊cold flow 塑性变形＊cold slug well 冷料井＊cold well 冷料井compress mold 压缩成形computer aided design CAD computer aided manufacture CAM ＊construction 结构cooling line 冷却管路＊cooling time 冷却时间＊copper 铜色﹑铜＊core 雄模﹑公模(可动侧) core backing plate 模心承板core insert 模心崁件core pin 心型梢＊core plate 可动侧模板＊corner 角落＊crash 干涉＊crash helmet 安全帽＊critical dimensions 重点尺寸cross head 十字头cushion 缓冲cycle time 循环周期datum line 基准线deep 深的adj.＊depth 深n.diameter 直径diaphragm gate 膜状浇口＊die cast 压铸﹑模铸＊die casting 浇铸﹑成形＊die casting 压铸件dimension 尺寸direct gate 直径浇口disk gate 盘形浇口dowel pin 定位梢(夹缝钉)＊draft angle 脱模角drying 干燥EPOEPP＊E.D.M=electric discharge machining MFG.. 放电加工ESD electric static dischargeEMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰edge 缝线edge gate 边门浇口eject 顶出ejector (EJ.) 射出ejector backing plate 顶出针支撑板(下顶出板)ejector carrier plate 上顶出板ejector sleeve 顶出套筒ejector box 顶出箱ejector plate 顶出板elasticity 弹性electrolyte less plating 无电解电镀equipment 设备extrusion molding 挤压成形extension nozzle 延长式喷嘴FAI first article inspection 首件(全尺寸) 检查FCC federal commission of communication 美国联邦通讯委员会FRP fiber glass reinforced plastic 玻璃纤维强化塑料fan gate 扇状浇口＊female mold (cavity) 母模fiber glass 玻璃纤维＊film gate 模状浇口＊finish 表面处理fixed half 固定侧＊flash 毛边(塑料材料)flex cable 褶曲＊floating connector 浮动连结器fool proof design 防呆设计flow breaker 断流部＊flow mark 流痕fluid element 流体元素＊forged work 锻造品＊forging 锻造fountain 喷泉效应gram 公克guide (leader) bush 导梢衬套guide (leader) pin 导梢guide pin bush 导梢套hardening 淬火HDT heat deformation temperature 热变形温度hardening 硬化headless screw 无头螺丝＊heat treat 热处理heel block 后跟块height 高度n.helical 螺旋形的adjhelical spring 螺旋弹簧hesitation effect 迟滞效应HDPE high density polyethylene 高密度hinge 绞链holding pressure 二次压holding pressures 保压压力＊horizontal (hort.) 水平mot mark 热痕＊hot runner 热浇道式hot runner block 热浇道块hotwork EJ. pin 热模用顶稍in mold decoration 模内装饰ISO international organization of standardization 国际标准组织＊injection (INJ.) 喷射injection molding 射出成型injection pressure 射出压力injection speed 射塑速度＊insert core 崁入雄模insulated runner 绝热流道＊jetting 喷痕jetting mark 喷流纹key design 防呆设计＊key hold 防呆孔knit line 结合线﹑皱痕knockout rod 顶出杆last to fill 最后充填部分length 长n.＊linear 线性locating ring 定位环locating pin 定位销locking block 锁定块＊low density 低密度low clamping plate 可动侧装接板machine 机械MI manufacturing instruction 作业指导书magnesium element 镁元素male insert 镶嵌铸件＊male mold 公模＊material 材质material list 材料表Max. maximum (MAX.) 最大MI (MFI) melt flow index 融溶流动指数melt temperature 溶融温度＊metering screw 流量控制螺杆Min. minimum (Min.) 最小model shop 模型工厂modification 修改nmodify 修改vmodule 模块＊mold base 模座＊mold clamping force 关模力＊mold flow analysis 模流分析＊mold temperature 模具温度molding compounds 模塑材料＊movable mold half 可动侧模moving half 可动侧music wire 琴钢线non linear 非线性normalizing 正常化＊nozzle 喷嘴oil cylinder 油压缸orientation 配向性overflow well 溢流井over packed 过保压oz (ounce) 盎司＊parting line 合模线＊parting surface 分模面phosphor 磷phosphor bronze 磷青铜phosphor copper 磷铜pin point 针点型＊pin point gate 针点浇口plaster 石膏plastic foam 发泡塑料plasticity 可塑性plate 板platen 平台plating 电镀plug 塞子＊polish 抛光pound 磅＊pressure 压力procedure 程序process control dimension 制程管制尺寸projection (proj.) 投影pure aluminum 纯铝pure gold 纯金purging procedure 料管净化步骤quantity (QTY.) 数量quench 淬火racetrack effect 竞流效应radius (R) 半径＊reduce 减少reference 参考regrind 粉碎再生reinforced plastic 强化塑料RMA return merchandise authorization 退修授权return pin 回位销RCA root cause analysisRA/CA root cause analysis/corrective actionRHE root cause analysisrunner 浇道runner stripper plate 流道剥板＊runnerless 无流道SPC statistics process control 统计制程管制SUS 301 不锈钢(重韧性) 五金材料SUS 304 不锈钢(重刚性) 五金材料＊sand blast 喷砂SECC 镀锌铁皮板(俗称Zn Coated) 五金材料sensible heat 感热shearing stress 剪应力﹑横压力＊short shot 充填不足：短射＊shrink 收缩＊shrinkage rate 收缩率＊shrinkage allowance 成品收缩预留量shutdown procedure 停工(关机) 步骤＊side core 侧雄模型＊side gate 侧面浇口＊sink mark 凹痕(缩水)skin temperature 表面温度sleeve 套筒slide 滑块slide bearing 滑块轴承＊slider block 滑块slanted pin 斜稍slow fill 慢速充填snap 卡勾snatch pin 抓稍socket head cap screw 沉头螺丝＊solvent bond=ultrasonic weld 溶剂结合﹑超音波熔接surface temperature 表面温度SPCC 素材没电镀体皮板五金材料space block 间隔块space plate 间隔板＊sprue 注道﹑竖浇口sprue bush 注道衬套standard 标准stationary mold half 固定侧模(母侧模)startup procedure 开始步骤steel 钢stop block 止动件stop pin 档止销stop pin for CA V. Opening 模穴板限动梢Stop pin for spure stripper plate 注道剥板用限动梢＊stopper 塞件streak 条纹n.streaky 条纹的adj.stress 应力stress cracking 应力破裂stripper bolt 脱模螺钉＊stripper plate 脱料板＊stroke (模具) 行程＊submarine gate 潜模浇口support pillar 支撑柱﹑支座synthetic resin 合成树脂TAT turn around time＊tab gate 小片浇口﹑片浇口tamper proof 毁损防止tast fill＊teflon 铁氟龙tensile ring 张力环＊texture 花纹﹑结构﹑构造﹑咬花thermo plastic 热塑性塑料thermosetting plastic 热固性塑料＊thickness (T) 肉厚＊thread 螺纹﹑纤维threaded insert 螺纹崁件three plate mold 主板模Ti titanium 钛金属＊tolerance (TOL.) 公差top clamping plate 固定侧装接板＊trapped air 包风tray 缸碟﹑拖盘tunnel gate 烧状浇口UL underwriters laboratories 美国安规认证机构＊ultrasonic weld 超音波熔接＊under cut 死角﹑倒角underflow effect 潜流效应vacuum forming 真空成行vacuum splattering 真空溅镀valve gate 阀浇口＊vent 通气孔virgin material 原材料(塑料) viscosity 黏性＊void 气泡＊warp 翘曲﹑使弯翘不平v.＊warpage 弯翘＊welding line=knit line 溶接线﹑结合线＊welding mark 熔接痕＊well type nozzle 蓄液式喷嘴马口铁镀锡铁皮板五金材料其它类：2 to the third 232 to the twenty third 223adapter 整流变压器angle 角度BeCu 铍铜五金材料cable 电子专有名词circle 圆circular 圆的clamp 夹子clarity 使澄清v.tcommend 推荐comment 注释configuration 结构confine 限制dead line 最后期限dedicate 供奉diameter 直径divided by 除evaluate 评估﹑估价FFC Flexible Flat Cable 电子专有名词FPC Flexible Printed Circuit 电子专有名词horizontal 水平integrate 使完成intenel 意欲inverter 变流器电子专有名词lead time 产品设计与实际生产间隔之时间Li-ion (Lithium-ion) 锂电池电子专有名词machine 机械MHz Mega Herzmembrane 电子专有名词minus 减music wire 琴钢线Ni-Cd 镍镉电池电子专有名词Ni-MH 镍氢电池电子专有名词one and 1 half 1 1/2one and 3 quarters 1 3/4paradigm 模范parallel 平行PCB=Printed Circuit Board 电子专有名词perimeter 周长，周围perpendicular 相垂直phosphor 磷五金材料phosphor bronze 磷青铜五金材料phosphor copper 磷铜五金材料plus 加preliminary 初步的procure 取得propose 提议﹑建议proposition 主张purchase 购买purpose 目的radius 半径risk 危险risky 危险的SECC 镀Zn铁皮板(俗称Zn Coat) 五金材料seminar 讲习会﹑讨论会slant 斜面的，斜面slope 倾斜SMT=surface mount Technology 表面黏着技术电子专有名词space 电子专有名词SPC 素材没电镀体皮板五金材料square root 27 根号27status=statue 状态suggestion 建议SUS 301 不锈钢(重韧性) 五金材料SUS 304 不锈钢(重刚性) 五金材料tangent to 切线three is greater than 3>2through holes 贯穿孔times 乘two is less than three 2<3v-cut 电子专有名词vertical 垂直马口铁Spte 镀锡铁皮板五金材料[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]11 / 11。
安全专业英语词汇
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术Safety effort 安全投入System’s life cycle 系统的生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理的规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design 系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews 绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process 直觉过程Make decisions 做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel 防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices 保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material 危险物质Work area layout 工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training sessions 培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人Unit 4 Hazard identificationHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后果Ongoing process 正在进行的过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system 通风系统Budgetary constraint 预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 工作场所安全检查Accident investigation 事故调查Labor management committee 劳动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-round inspection 巡视Overexertion 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Extreme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本的Mitigate 减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除Unit 5 What is an OHSMSOHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东西In practice 在实践中Allow for 考虑到Regulatory system 监管体系Review phase 审查阶段Specific objective 特殊目标Corrective action 纠正措施Be central to 极为重要Systematic approach 系统方法Systemic linkage 体系联动Inter-linked 相互链接Feedback loop 反馈环Specific program element 详细计划Mandatory 强制的Arise from 由。
船舶专业词汇
船舶专业词汇a faired set of lines经过光顺处理的一套型线 a stereo pair of photographs一对立体投影相片 abaft 朝向船体aba ndo nment cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodati on居住（舱室） accommodati on ladder 舷梯adjust valveadjustable-pitchadmiralty adva nee coefficie ntaerostatic调节阀 可调螺距式 海军部进速系数 空气静力学的aft peak bulkhead艉尖舱壁 aft peak tank艉尖舱 ailero n畐寸鳍 air-drive n water pump 气动水泵 airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵 alumi num alloy structure America n Bureau of Shipp ingamidships肿 amphibious两栖的 an chor arm锚臂 an chor cha in锚链 an chor crow n锚冠 an chor fluke锚爪 an chor mouth锚唇 anchor recess 锚穴 air cushi onvehicle air diffuserair in take aircraftcarrier气垫船 空气扩散器 进气口 航空母舰 alig nment chock 组装校准用垫楔 铝合金结构 美国船级社an chor shackle an chor stock锚卸扣锚杆an gle baran gle of attackan gle plate an gled deck 角钢 攻角 角钢斜角甲板an ticipated loads encoun tered at seaan ti-pitch ing fins减纵摇鳍 an tiroll fins减摇鳍 appe ndage 附体artisa n 技工assembly line at-sea reple ni shme nt augme nt of resista nee auxiliary systems auxiliary tank axial adva nee back ing structure back-up member bala nee weight ball beari ng ball valve ballast tank bar 型材 装配流水线 海上补给阻力增额辅机系统调节水舱轴向进速垫衬结构焊接垫板平衡锤滚珠轴承球阀压载水舱bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseli ne 基线basic desig n 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bendin g-mome nt curves 弯矩曲线Ben oulli's law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder投标人 bed-plate girder 基座纵桁在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷 an ti-rolli ng tank减摇水舱bilge 舭,舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade secti on 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficie nt 方形系数blue peter 出航旗board ing deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body pla n 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjea n curve 邦戎曲线boom弔杆boss 螺旋桨轴穀bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom tran sverse 底列板boun dary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cyli nder 希9动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 取大宽，计算宽度breakbulk breasthook件杂货艏肘板桥楼，驾驶台bridgebridge con sole sta nd 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会屈曲buckle buffer spri ngbuilt-up plate secti on bulb plate bulbous bow 缓冲弹簧组合型材bulk carrierbulk oil carrier bulkheadbulwarkbulwark plate bulwark staybuoy ten der buoya ntbuoyant box Bureau Veritas butt weldbutterfly screw cap buttockby conven tioncable shipcable winch球头扁钢球状船艏，球鼻首散货船散装油轮舱壁舷墙舷墙板舷墙支撑航标船浮力的浮箱法国船级社对缝焊接蝶形螺帽后体纵剖线按照惯例，按约定布缆船钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided desig n)CAE(computer-aided manu facturi ng) CAM(computer-aided engin eeri ng) camber 计算机辅助设计计算机辅助制造计算机辅助工程cant beam cant frame can tilever beam 梁拱斜横梁斜肋骨悬臂梁舱容图capacity pla nCAPP(computer -aided process planning) capsize 倾覆计算机辅助施工计划制定capsiz ing mome nt captai n 船长 captured-air-bubble vehicle cargo cubic cargo han dli ng carriage cast steel stem post catamara n 倾覆力臂catamara n cavitati on cavitati on nu mber cavitati on tunnel cen ter keels on cen terl ine bulkhead cen troid cha in cable stopper海图 租船人 轮机长 舭，舷，脊 导览钳chart charterer chief engineer chine 束缚气泡减阻船 货舱舱容，载货容积 货物装卸 拖车，拖架 铸钢艏柱 高速双体船双体的 空泡｝ 空泡数 空泡水筒 中内龙骨 中纵舱壁 型心，重心，质心，矩心 制链器 chock CIM(computer in tegrated manu facturi ng) circulati on theory环流理论 classificatio n society 船级社cleat 计算机集成组合制造 clipper bow clutch coastal cargo cofferdam 系缆扣 飞剪型船首 离合器 沿海客货轮 防撞舱壁 混合型艏柱 comb ined cast and rolled stem 营利用船 补给库舱室，粮食库 通用运输船 交通船 舱室 罗经 概念设计commercial ship commissary spaces com mon carrier commuter compartme nt compass con cept desig ncrest (of wave)波峰 crew quarters船员居住舱 criteri on判据，准贝U Critical Path Method 关键路径法cross-cha nnel automobile ferries cross-secti onal area 横咅 U 面面积 crow's n est 桅杆瞭望台cruiser ster n 巡洋舰尾cruss ing range cup and ball joint curvature curves of form cushi onof air damagestability damperdamp ing davitarm deadweight de-ballast deckline at side deckIon gitud inaldeck stri ngerdeck tran sversedeckhouse deep v hull航程球窝关节 曲率各船形曲线气垫破损稳性conn ect ing tank con sta nt-pitch propeller con stra int con diti on 集装箱 集装箱化 合同设计对转桨 可控螺距式 锈蚀，腐蚀 力矩，力偶 克令吊，起重机 曲柄 container contain erized con tract desig n contra-rotating propellers con trollable-pitch corrosi on couple crane crank连接水柜定螺距螺旋桨 约束条件 横越海峡车客渡轮缓冲器 阻尼 吊臂 总载重量 卸除压载 甲板边线 甲板纵骨 甲板边板 强横梁 舱面室，甲板室 深v 型船体交船 船深 起重机，吊杆 设计余量 设计螺旋循环方式 驱逐舰山字钩double iteration proceduredouble roller chock double-acting steam cyli nder dow nhalyard draftdrag drain age draught dredge drift drilling rigdrillship driveshaft driv inggear boxdriv ing shaftsystem drydock干船坞 ducted propeller dyn amic supported craft双重迭代法双滚轮式导览钳双向作用的蒸汽气缸detachable shackle detail desig n diago nal stiffe ner diagram dieselengine dime nsionl ess ratio 图, displaceme nt displaceme nt type vessel distributed load 散合式连接卸扣 详细设计 斜置加强筋 原理图，设计图 柴油机无量纲比值 排水量 division do work dock排水型船 分布载荷 站，划分，分隔 做功 泊靠 deliverydepthderrick desig n margin desig n spiral double hook 降帆索吃水阻力，拖拽力排水 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力 挖泥船 漂移，偏航 钻架 钻井船 驱动器轴传动齿轮箱 传动轴系 导管螺旋桨动力支撑型船舶dyn amometer 测力计，功率计e.h.p 有效马力 ecce ntric wheel 偏心轮 echo-so un der 回声探深仪 eddy 漩涡eddy-mak ing resista nee efficie ncy electrohydraulic electroplaterelevatio ns 拔 empirical formula en closed fabricatio n shop en closed lifeboat漩涡阻力 供给能力，供给量 电动液压的 电镀工 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海 end ope n link end shackle en dura nee en dura nee engine room frame engine room hatch end beam en sig n staff entrance 经验公式 封闭式装配车间 封闭式救生艇 末端链环 末端卸扣 续航力续航力，全功率工作时间 机舱肋骨 机舱口端梁w erecti on exhaust valve expa nded bracket expa nsion joint extrapolate fair faised floor fan fatigue 船尾旗杆 进流段装配，安装 排气阀延伸肘板 伸缩接头 外插 光顺 升高肋板 鼓风机 疲劳| 可行性研究 顺流变距桨叶 feasibility study featheri ng blade fen der 护舷 ferry 渡轮，渡运航线 fillet weld conn ection 贴角焊连接 fin an gle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置纤细高速船 瘦长船型 有限元 水火管锅炉 固定螺距式 突边，法兰盘 侧翼舵 襟翼舵 外张 平板龙骨 船队 挠曲的 起重船 可进长度曲线 物流 流型，流线谱 平甲板型船 游艇驾驶台 艏三角帆 折叠式舱口盖 折叠收放式减摇鳍 随边 后续船 脚踏刹车 艏尖舱 锻钢艏柱锻件，锻造 船首水尺艏艉柱前/后肩 翻砂铸造 船肋骨，框架，桁架 干舷 干舷甲板 运费率 淡水载重线 摩擦阻力fine fast shipfine form finiteelement firetube boilerfixed-pitchflange flankingrudders flap-type rudder flareflat of keel fleetsof vesselsflexural floati ng crane floodable len gth curve flow of materials flow patter n flushdeck vessel flyingbridge flyi ng jib folding batch cover folding retractable fin stabilizer followi ng edge followi ng ship foot brake fore peak forged steel stem forgi ng forward draft markforward/after perpe ndicular forward/after shoulder foundrycast ing frame freeboardfreeboarddeck freight rate fresh water loadli nefricti onal resistaneeFroude nu mber 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船 full form full scale full ness funnel furnishings gaffgaff foresail gan gway gantt chart gasketed ope nings gen eral arran geme nt gen eral cargo ship gen eratrix丰满船型 全尺度 丰满度 烟囱 内装修 纵帆斜桁 前桅主帆舷梯甘特图母线 geometrically similar form girder 桁梁，桁架 girder of foun dati on gover nmen tal authorities gradie nt grav ing dock Gree n Book 装以密封垫的开口 总布置 杂货船 外形相似船型 基座纵桁 政府当局，管理机构 梯度槽式船坞 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船 级社，用于登录快速远洋船 gross ton 长吨（1.016 公吨） group tech no logy 成祖建造技术 GT 成组建造技术 guided-missile cruiser gun wale 船舷上缘 gun wale an gle 舷边角钢 gun wale roun ded thick strake guyli ne 定位索 gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steeri ng in dicator gyroscope half breadth pla n half depth girder half roun ded flat plate 回转仪 导弹巡洋舰 舷边圆弧厚板 自动操舵操纵台半宽图 半深纵骨 半圆扁钢hard chine hatch beam sockets hatch coam ing hatch cover hatchcover hatch cover rack hatch side can tilever hawse pipe hawsehole heave heel heel piece helicoidal hinge hin ged ster n HMS hog中拱 hold船舱倾卸驳水平扶强材 轴毂，套筒 船型，船体外形船体桁应力HVAC(heati ng ven tilat ing and cooli ng) hydraulic mecha nism 液压机构hydrod yn amic 水动力学的 hydrofoil 水翼 hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(i nteractive computer graphics) icebreaker破冰船 icebreaker破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织 immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷 imperial unit英制单位homoge neous cyli nder 均质柱状体v 尖舭 舱口梁座 舱口围板舱口盖 舱口盖板 舱口盖板隔架舱口悬臂梁锚链桶 锚链孔垂荡横倾艉柱根螺旋面的，螺旋状的 铰链door艉部吊门英国皇家海军舰艇 hopper barge horizon tal stiffe ner hub 桨毂,hull form hull girderstress取暖，通风与冷却交互式计算机图像技术in strake 内列板in board profile 纵剖面图in creme ntal plasticity 增量塑性in depe ndent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclinationinland waterways vessel 内河船小倾角初稳性inner bottom in-pla ne load in tact stability in tercostals 内底面内载荷完整稳性爱肋间的，加强的Intern ati onal Associati on of Classificati on Society(IACS) 国际船级社联合会Intern ati onal Towi ng Tank Conference (ITTC) in tersectio n 交点，交叉，横断(切) inventory con trol 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 纟田木工keel 龙骨国际船模试验水池会议keel layi ng 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kriste n-Boei ng propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipme ng （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leadi ng edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材len gth overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life sav ing applia nee 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft lighte ning hole light-ship limbers board liner tradelines lines pla n 型线型线图Linnean hierarchical tax onomy liquefied gas carrier liquefied n atural gas carrier liquefied petroleum gas carrier liquid bulk cargo carrier liquid chemical tan ker list 倾斜living and utility spaces Lloyd's Register of shipp ing Lloyd's Rules Load Line Conven ti on load line regulati onsload waterpla ne林式等级式分类学液化气运输船液化天然气船液化石油气船液体散货船液体化学品船居住与公用舱室劳埃德船级社loft floor 放样台Ion gitudi nal (tra nsverse) 纵(横) Ion gitudi nal bending 纵总弯曲Iongitudinal prismatic coefficient Ion gitudi nal stre ngth Ion gitudi nally framed system luffing winch mach inery ven dor magnet gantry maide n voyage mai n impeller mai n shaft ing major ship man euverability man hole 稳心高纵向菱形系数纵总强度纵骨架式结构margin plate maritime变幅绞车机械（主机）卖方磁力式龙门吊处女航主推叶轮主轴系大型船舶操纵性人孔边板海事的，海运的，靠海的空载吃水减轻孔空船舭部污水道顶板定期班轮营运业劳埃德规范载重线公约载重线公约, 载重水线面规范mark disk of speed adjusti ngmast 桅杆 mast clutch 桅座 矩阵 速度调整标度盘matrixmercha nt ship 商船 Mercha nt Shipbuild ing Retur n metace nter 商船建造统计表metace ntric height metal plate path metal worker metric unit 稳心 稳心高 金属板电镀槽 金属工 公制单位中线面 肿横剖面 中横剖面系数 middle line plane midship secti on midship secti on coefficie nt ML 物资清单，物料表 model tank 船模试验水池 mon itori ng desk of main engine operati on mon itori ng scree n of screw work ing con diti on more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂 mould loft 放样间 主机操作监视台螺旋桨运转监视屏multihull vessel multi-purpose carrier multi-ship program mushroom ven tilator mutually exclusive attribute N/C 数值控制 n autical mile 多体船 多用途船多种船型建造规划 蘑菇形通风桶相互排它性的属性 n aval architecture n avigati on area n avigati on deck near-uni versal gear n et-load curve n eutral axis n eutral equilibrium non-retractable fin stabilizer 法向的，正交的海里 造船学 航区 航海甲板 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮 静载荷曲线 中性轴，中和轴 中性平衡 不可收放式减摇鳍normalnotch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹,桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocea n going ship 远洋船off-ce nter load ing 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilli ng 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架ope n water 敞水optimality criterion I最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogo nal 矩形的orthogo nal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆叉头overall stability 总体稳性overha ng 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Pan ama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arran geme nt 强胸结构，抗拍击结构pan ti ng beam 强胸横梁panting stri nger 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpe ndicular 柱，垂直的，正交的nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽photogrammetry pile driv ing barge pillar pin jig pin tle pipe fitter pipelay ing barge pist on pitch pitch pla n views pla nning hull Plimsoll li ne polar-explorati on craft poop 尾楼 port 左舷 port call 沿途到港停靠 positive righting moment power and lighti ng system precept 技术规则 prelim inary desig n pressure coam ing prin cipal dime nsions 投影照相测量法 打桩船 支柱 限位胎架 销，枢轴 管装工 铺管驳船 活塞螺距 纵摇 设计图滑行船体 普林索尔载重线极地考察船正扶正力矩 动力与照明系统初步设计阻力式舱口防水挡板 主尺度 Program Evaluati on and Review Tech nique progressive flood ing project 探照灯 propeller shaft bracket propeller type log PVC foamed plastic quadra nt quality assura nee quarter quarter pillar quarteri ngsea quasi-steady wave 码头， 规划评估与复核法累进进水 PVC 舵柄居住区quay quotati on尾轴架 螺旋桨推进器测程仪 泡沫塑料 质量保证 舱内侧梁柱 尾斜浪准定长波停泊所 报价单racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X 射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italia no Navade J 意大利船级社regulat ing knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoya ncy 储备浮力residuary resista nee 剩余阻力resulta nt 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reyno Ids nu mber 雷诺数right-ha nded propeller 右旋进桨righti ng arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riveri ne warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-o n/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器roun ded gun wale 修圆的舷边roun ded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder beari ng 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder con trol rod 操舵杆rudder gudge on 舵钮rudder pin tle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spin dle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lift ing vessel scale 缩尺，尺度 schedule coordi nati on 救捞船 schedule reviews scree n bulkhead Sea keep ing performa nee sea spectra sea state 生产规程协调 施工生产进度审核 轻型舱壁 耐波性能 seakeep ing seasick ness seaworthness seaworth ness secti on moulus secti ongs self- in duced self-propulsi on semi-bala needrudder semi-submersible drilling rig shaft boss ing 轴穀 shaft bracket 轴支架 剪切，剪力 海浪谱 海况 适航性 晕船 适航性 适航性 剖面模数 剖面，横剖面 自身诱导的 自航 半平衡舵 半潜式钻井架shear shear buckli ng 剪切性屈曲 shear curve 剪力曲线 舷弧 sheer sheer aft sheer draw ingsheer forward sheer pla ne sheer profile sheer profile shell plati ng ship fitter ship hydrod ynamics 艉舷弧 剖面图 艏舷弧 纵剖面 总剖线 纵剖图 船壳板 船舶装配工船舶水动力学shipway 船台 shipyard 船厂shrouded screw有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keels on 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stri nger 甲板边板sin gle-cyli nder engine 单缸引擎sin kage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度ski n frictio n 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slammi ng 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewi ng hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片slop ing shipway 有坡度船台slop ing top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slop int bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-le ngth ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板spri nging 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steeri ng gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem con tour 艏柱型线ster n 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒ster n coun ter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板ster n transom plate 尾圭寸板ster n wave 艉波加劲，加强 扶强材，加劲杆跨立，外包式叶片 应变 船体列板 流线 流线型套管 强度曲线 强力甲板应力集中 结构不稳定性 支撑构型 分部装配 分舱浸没式喷口 潜期superi ntendent superstructure Supervision of theSociety's surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨 wsurface no zzle 水面式喷口surface pierci ng穿透水面的surface preparati on and coati ng surge 纵荡 surm ount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板 swash bulkhead止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterpla ne Area Twin Hull) sway 横荡 tail-stabilizer an chor 尾翼式锚talk ing paper 讨论文件 tan ge ntial切向的，正切的tangen tial viscous force 切向粘性力tan ker油船stiffe n stiffe ner straddle strain strake streamline streamli ned cas ing stre ngth curves stre ngth deck stress concen trati on structural in stability strut支柱， subassembly subdivisi on submerged no zzle submersible sucti on back of a blade Suez Canal tonn age summer load water line 桨叶片抽吸叶背 苏伊士运河吨位限制 夏季载重水线 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任 上层建筑 表面加工处理与喷涂小水线面双体船tee T tender ten sile stress thermal effect throttle valve throughput thrust thruster timber carrier tip of a blade tip vortex 型构件，三通管 交通小艇拉（张）应力 热效应 节流阀 物料流量 推力推力器，助推器 木材运输船 桨叶叶梢 梢涡toed towards amidships tonn age torpedo torque torque trailing edge transom ster n 趾部朝向船肿吨位 鱼雷 扭矩 扭矩 随边方尾 tran sverse bulkhead plat ing tran sverse secti on tran sverse stability trawli ng 拖网 trial 实船试验纵倾 横隔舱壁板横剖面 横稳性trimtrim by the stern/bow trimara n艉艏倾 三体的 tripp ing bracket trough tugboat tumble home tunnel wall effect 防倾肘板 turn ableblade turn able shrouded screwtwee ndeck cargo space twee ndedk frame 波谷 拖船 （船侧）内倾 水桶壁面效应 可转动式桨叶转动导管螺旋桨 甲板间舱甲板间肋骨two no dded freque ncy 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultras onic un derwriter un symmetrical upright positi on vaporpocket超声波的 （海运）保险商 非对称的正浮位置 气化阱ven tilati on and air con diti oning diagram Ven turi section文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficie nt vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller vessel comp onent ven der viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮 横剖面系数直叶（摆线）推进器造船部件销售商Voith-Sch neider propeller型剖面伴流，尾流 喷水（推进）管 水线面水密完整性波形消波器，消波板wave-mak ing resista nee 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板 web 腹板web beam 强横梁 web frame 腹肋板 weler焊工 wetted surface湿表面积winch 绞车win dlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴win g-keel翅龙骨 （游艇）work ing allowa nee 有效使用修正量worm gear蜗轮， 蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书 yards 帆桁 yaw首摇通风与空调铺设设计图 外摆线直翼式推进器v-sect ionvwake curre nt water jet water pla ne watertight in tegrity wave patter n wave suppressor船用主机缩略语AK(Akasako) 赤阪AP(Alpha) 阿尔法BW(B&W) 伯迈斯特-韦恩CA(Callesco) 卡莱森CL(Cegelec Motors) 西盖列克发动机CP(Caterpillar) 卡特皮拉CU(Cummins) 康明斯DH(Daihatsu) 大发DZ(Deutz) 多伊茨GE(G.E.C) 通用电气HA(Hamshin) 阪神KM(Liebknecht) 李克内希特MA(Makita) 牧田MI(Mitsubishi) 三菱MK(Mak) 马克MN(MAN) 曼恩MR(Mirrlees) 米尔列斯MT(Matsui) 三井MW(MWM) 曼海姆NG(Nnrmo) 诺而布NI(Niigata) 新泻PL(Semt-Pielstick) 皮尔斯蒂克SK(Skoda) 斯柯达SZ(Sulzer) 苏尔寿YM(Yaomar) 洋马。
砾石充填条件下筛管堵塞与冲蚀特性试验
收稿日期::2018-11-17基金项目:海洋石油高效开发国家重点实验室开放基金项目(CCL2015RCPS0229RNN);国家自然科学基金项目(51274235)作者简介:廖华林(1974-),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为钻完井理论与技术㊂E-mail:liaohualin2003@㊂ 文章编号:1673⁃5005(2019)03⁃0090⁃08 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673⁃5005.2019.03.010砾石充填条件下筛管堵塞与冲蚀特性试验廖华林1,2,董 林1,2,牛继磊2,周 欢3,张 磊2,曹砚峰2(1.中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东青岛266580;2.海洋石油高效开发国家重点实验室,北京100028;3.中海油田服务股份有限公司,天津300450)摘要:为分析油田水源井筛管失效原因和防砂周期短的内在机制,建立一套模拟井下冲蚀和堵塞问题的砾石充填筛管防砂装置,研究筛管类型㊁砾石种类与粒径㊁生产压差等因素对筛管堵塞情况以及堵塞后筛管挡砂介质与本体的损坏情况的影响,分析筛管失效的原因和井下挡砂介质堵塞的内在机制㊂结果表明:在套管内砾石充填完井条件下,地层砂对砾石充填层和筛管的堵塞具有非均匀性,不同射孔孔眼部位的砾石充填层内的渗流压力分布不均,筛管过滤介质堵塞存在一定随机性;携砂流体流动时的磨蚀作用是造成筛管过滤介质失效主要原因之一;射孔孔眼流出的流体可与充填层的砾石掺混,形成磨料射流冲击正对射孔孔眼处的防砂管,造成防砂管本体的冲蚀失效;地面模拟试验结果与井下取出失效防砂管特征基本一致;试验结果能够为防砂方式的选择㊁生产制度的建议㊁筛管材质的选择㊁筛管结构的改进等提供依据㊂关键词:防砂;筛管完井;砾石充填;冲蚀失效;水源井中图分类号:TE 358 文献标志码:A引用格式:廖华林,董林,牛继磊,等.砾石充填条件下筛管堵塞与冲蚀特性试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2019,43(3):90⁃97.LIAO Hualin,DONG Lin,NIU Jilei,et al.An experimental study on plugging and erosion failures of sand screen in grave⁃packing conditions[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2019,43(3):90⁃97.An experimental study on plugging and erosion failuresof sand screen in grave⁃packing conditionsLIAO Hualin 1,2,DONG Lin 1,2,NIU Jilei 2,ZHOU Huan 3,ZHANG Lei 2,CAO Yanfeng 2(1.School of Petroleum Engineering in China University of Petroleum (East China ),Qingdao 266580,China ;2.State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation ,Beijing 100028,China ;3.China Oilfield Services Limited ,Tianjin 300450,China )Abstract :An experimental set⁃up was developed for simulating the failure of sand control devices via gravel⁃packing tech⁃niques in water resource wells for oilfield application.The influence of screen types,sand and gravel sizes and production pressure on plugging and erosion of the sand screen and the damage of the production tube were investigated.The results show that,under the same downhole conditions,there is a big difference of the anti⁃erosion capability of the sand screens due to their structure and materials.The pressure distribution is uneven at the outlet of the perforation for the gravel pack in the annulus between the sand control pipe and the casing wall.The blockage of the sand control device is random process,whichcan be one of main reasons resulting in the failure of the sand screens since fluid carrying sand particles flow through the filter gaps with abrasion materials.In addition,high velocity fluid with sands and gravels from the perforation can form an abrasive jet impinging on the surface of the production tube resulting in erosion failure of the tube body.The experimental results have similar features with the erosion screens taken out from the wellbores.The study will provide guidelines for the selection of the screen materials,design of the screen structures.Keywords :sand control;screen completion;gravel packing;erosion failure;water⁃resource well2019年 第43卷 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) Vol.43 No.3 第3期 Journal of China University of Petroleum Jun.2019 防砂井筒挡砂介质堵塞和防砂筛管失效已经成为困扰防砂井正常生产的重要问题㊂生产过程中,地层流体携带的固相颗粒堵塞挡砂介质,造成渗透率降低[[1⁃4],携砂流体对筛管的冲蚀磨损容易造成筛管防砂失效[5⁃7]㊂关于防砂井筒堵塞机制的研究集中在砾石充填层和机械筛管堵塞,主要通过试验手段研究地层砂在砾石充填层多孔介质中的侵入和运移机制,分析地层砂粒径㊁侵入量及侵入厚度等因素对砾石充填层渗透率的影响[8⁃11],探讨不同因素对堵塞程度的影响㊂通过室内堵塞试验分析驱替时间㊁流量㊁颗粒特性以及流体黏度等因素对堵塞程度的影响及其相关堵塞机制[12⁃13]㊂地层携砂流体对防砂筛管的冲蚀磨损是导致防砂筛管失效的主要原因[14⁃16],筛管的冲蚀速率主要受携砂流体流速㊁含砂体积分数㊁砂粒粒径㊁冲蚀角度以及环境条件等因素的影响[17⁃23]㊂在试验和理论分析的基础上,通过建立筛管破坏时间预测模型[19⁃23]和数值模拟进行筛管破坏失效的判断及筛管冲蚀危险区域的定位[24⁃26],提出了提高防砂筛管使用寿命的方法[27⁃29]㊂然而,对于砾石充填条件下水源井筛管抗冲蚀性能㊁筛管破坏的原因与防砂周期短的内在机制的相关研究较少㊂笔者通过砾石充填完井出砂模拟装置,分析筛管类型㊁砾石种类与粒径㊁生产压差等因素对挡砂介质的堵塞程度和筛管的冲蚀破坏程度的影响㊂1 试 验1.1 试验目的与试验方法砾石充填筛管防砂挡砂介质堵塞及冲蚀试验的目的是通过室内堵塞及冲蚀模拟试验研究筛管类型㊁砾石种类与粒径㊁生产压差以及产量等对挡砂介质堵塞和筛管冲蚀破坏程度的影响规律,分析堵塞和冲蚀破坏程度与影响因素的关系,进一步探究筛管失效的原因和井下挡砂介质堵塞的内在机制,为防砂方式的选择㊁生产制度的建议㊁筛管材质的选择㊁筛管结构的改进等提供依据㊂利用砾石充填筛管堵塞及冲蚀模拟试验装置进行挡砂介质堵塞及筛管冲蚀模拟试验㊂使用含固体颗粒的流体(磨料射流)长时间驱替有砾石充填层的防砂筛管,同时测量分流头(2号传感器)㊁模拟套管内壁处(3㊁4号传感器)的压力,驱替结束后取出筛管观察其冲蚀情况㊂在保持流量基本不变的条件下,流体携带的堵塞物会逐渐堵塞挡砂介质(砾石充填层和筛管),造成挡砂介质的渗透率降低,则正常情况下分流头处和套管内壁处压力会上升㊂因此分流头和模拟套管内壁处的压力变化可以反映挡砂介质堵塞情况的变化,压力上升,挡砂介质总体堵塞程度变大㊂防砂筛管冲蚀破坏情况则可通过观察测量试验后取出的筛管的破坏情况确定,冲蚀造成的穿孔或磨蚀区域的面积越大,深度越大,则冲蚀破坏程度越高㊂这样可以确定挡砂介质的堵塞程度和筛管的冲蚀破坏程度,进一步可分析其影响因素及规律㊂1.2 试验装置为了分析不同工况条件下携砂流体对防砂筛管的冲蚀特性,建立一套模拟井下挡砂介质堵塞和防砂筛管失效试验模拟装置㊂该装置主要包括高压罐㊁高压加砂装置㊁调砂器㊁砾石层厚度调节筒㊁收集箱㊁试验架㊁压力测试采集系统㊁喷嘴及试件等,如图1所示㊂图1 筛管堵塞冲蚀试验装置示意图Fig.1 Schematic diagram of test apparatus ㊃19㊃第43卷 第3期 廖华林,等:砾石充填条件下筛管堵塞与冲蚀特性试验 高压泵输送出的高压水经调压阀门,一部分流到水池,一部分流经高压加砂装置,在驱动压力作用下,水介质通过喷嘴形成高速水射流,并在混合腔内产生一定的真空度,将磨料(磨料含量控制是通过多次调节调砂器的漏砂口孔径改变漏砂量,并经电子计量器称重标定来实现)吸入喉管㊁扩散管,而形成含有磨料高压流体,流体再通过分流头㊁高压管线㊁调节喷嘴均匀地喷向筛管㊂喷射速度由流量和喷嘴直径决定㊂流体经筛管过滤后,流经弯头㊁回水管线等进入收集箱㊂试验采用清水作为工作液,模拟水源井采出水㊂试验所用筛管试件分为两类,包括星孔筛管与金属网布筛管,如图2(a)和(b)所示㊂其中,星孔筛管主要由基管和滤砂件两部分组成,其结构如图2(c)所示㊂流体中混入的模拟地层砂由石英砂和细粉砂组成㊂模拟地层砂的粒径为100~250μm,粒度中值为150μm,粒度分布曲线如图3所示㊂携砂流体的含砂体积分数为2.0%,携砂流体流速由喷嘴直径确定㊂砾石充填层填充砾石为两种粒径的颗粒,分别为600~ 1250μm陶粒和450~900μm陶粒㊂陶粒分6层装入砾石充填层,每层陶粒用击锤击实50次,使每层充分压实㊂砾石充填层的厚度可以通过调节筒控制㊂图2 试验用防砂筛管Fig.2 Sand screen used inexperiment图3 模拟地层砂粒径分布曲线Fig.3 Distribution of grain size 为了分析携砂流体流速㊁筛管类型㊁砾石层特性以及射孔孔眼数目对挡砂介质堵塞及筛管冲蚀特性的影响,通过上述试验装置模拟地层流体携带地层砂颗粒堵塞挡砂介质,进而使防砂筛管发生冲蚀破坏的过程㊂分析影响防砂筛管冲蚀破坏程度的因素,探究砾石充填条件下水源井防砂筛管失效原因与防砂周期短的内在机制㊂2 试验结果分析2.1 孔眼数目对堵塞及冲蚀特性的影响射孔孔眼是井下流体进入井筒的流通通道㊂通常,井眼数目能够影响筛管的堵塞程度和冲蚀程度㊂图4为试验过程中孔眼数目对压力的影响㊂在加砂的最初阶段,筛管筛网和砾石充填层流通性均较好,分流头处压力一直较低,后随着细砂粒的不断增多,筛管和砾石层逐渐被堵塞,截流增加,分流头处压力图4 射孔孔眼数目对压力的影响Fig.4 Influence of perforation number on pressure一直上升,直至试验结束㊂同时,高压罐内砂粒堵塞砾石充填层,使渗流压力无法传递,罐内渗流压力分布极度不均匀㊂试验过程中,罐内所测压力(3㊁4号传感器)较低㊂在试验过程中还发现,随着进砂管数量增加,进砂量增加,前期压力上升迅速,进一步验证了罐内筛管滤砂元件和砾石充填层的堵塞存在局部特征㊂试验结束后取出筛管试件发现,陶粒和砂粒的混合物将筛管筛网全部堵死,筛管本体上有㊃29㊃中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2019年6月一处冲蚀凹痕,并且该凹痕位置正对加砂前清水循环时模拟射孔入口位置㊂由此可见,携砂流体经过砾石层进入筛管时,固体颗粒会堵塞筛管的过滤介质;高速流体经过砾石充填层后,由于砾石充填层渗透性好,入罐流体可扰动砾石充填层内的陶粒,形成磨料射流,对筛管造成损坏㊂2.2 筛管类型对堵塞及冲蚀特性的影响筛管类型的选择对防砂方式的确定及挡砂效果有重要的影响㊂通常情况下,随着含砂流体驱替时间的增加,筛管的堵塞程度和受冲蚀破坏程度都会增加㊂但不同类型的筛管在同一工况下的变化情况有所差异㊂图5为相同测试条件下分流头处压力变化㊂开始加砂后,两类筛管对应的分流头处的压力均随时间增加而升高,但是星孔筛管分流头处压力上升速度明显高于金属网筛管,且加砂时间及加砂量均小于金属网筛管㊂由于星孔筛管采用了护板㊁护网㊁金属棉㊁护网以及护板的特殊设计结构,导致其过流断面小,截流能力较强,加砂后压力迅速上升,堵塞较快㊂金属网筛管整体流通性较好,加砂后压力上升至堵塞的时间及加砂量远超过星孔筛管㊂图5 不同类型筛管堵塞情况Fig.5 Variation of pressure with time for different screens 2.3 砾石充填层陶粒粒径对堵塞及冲蚀特性的影响 砾石充填层所用陶粒粒径对防砂效果㊁出砂井寿命以及产量等具有重要影响㊂砾石层陶粒粒径增大,砾石层的挡砂能力降低,加砂时间和加砂量增大㊂图6为不同砾石充填层金属网筛管防砂条件下各处压力变化情况㊂可以看出,600~1250μm陶粒条件下随着驱替时间增加,分流头和罐内压力先缓慢增大,后快速增大;罐内所测压力(4号传感器)随着时间的增加缓慢提升,最高升至约1.3MPa㊂而450~900μm陶粒条件下压力迅速上升,然后保持相对稳定㊂砾石层陶粒粒径增大,进砂口处渗流压力更易在罐内传递㊂陶粒粒径增大,砾石充填层渗流能力增加,筛管挡砂层和砾石充填层堵塞的非均匀程度降低,进入高压罐内的流体可经更大范围的滤砂层通过㊂图6 充填层陶粒粒径对压力的影响Fig.6 Effect of gravel size on pressure2.4 流体速度对对堵塞及冲蚀特性的影响流速与产量㊁筛管冲蚀情况紧密相关,通常随着流速增大,筛管破坏程度增大,冲蚀孔径㊁孔深都增加㊂为了加快堵塞和冲蚀的进程,提高试验速度,试验中控制喷嘴流速要远大于实际工况的速度㊂流速通过换用5㊁4和2.9mm喷嘴,对应的流速分别为30㊁40及50m/s,可以分析不同流速下星孔筛管和金属网筛管的冲蚀破坏情况㊂图7为单孔冲蚀试验中不同流速下不同位置的压力变化情况㊂不同速度图7 金属网筛管试样试压力变化Fig.7 Variation of pressure with time formetal mesh screen条件下,压力因排量的波动存在小范围波动;分流头压力(2号传感器)随时间逐渐上升,分流头压力(2号传感器)和罐内压力(3㊁4号传感器)的压差随着速度的增大而增加㊂筛管试验中的返出液中含有细砂,拆卸装置后,发现筛管金属网筛管护罩冲坏,金属网冲蚀损坏,基体出现冲孔,旁边筛缝冲大,铁皮孔与底孔相联,冲蚀点的最大护罩冲蚀孔径为㊃39㊃第43卷 第3期 廖华林,等:砾石充填条件下筛管堵塞与冲蚀特性试验18mm,最大基体冲蚀深度为3.5mm,最大基体冲蚀深度为13mm,如图8所示㊂筛管的破坏说明通过喷嘴后的高速流体可与砾石充填层掺混形成磨料射流,对筛管产生较强的冲蚀破坏,随着喷嘴流体流速的增大,对筛管的冲蚀破坏能力增强㊂并且入罐喷射流体达到一定速度时,可扰动砾石充填层,筛管堵塞越严重,扰动掺混形成的磨料射流冲蚀破坏能力越强㊂图8 金属网筛管清水冲蚀情况Fig.8 Water erosion characteristics of metal mesh screen 相同条件下,星孔筛管的冲蚀结果与金属网筛管不同㊂由于星孔筛管过滤件的分布与金属网筛管相比,具有不均匀及不规则的特性,因此冲蚀效果也因冲蚀部位是否正对过滤件而不同㊂冲蚀点为筛管的基管部分时,分流头压力(2号传感器)和罐内压力(3㊁4号传感器)都比较平稳,且两个压力之差比较大,速度越大,压差越大,拆卸装置后发现冲蚀点出现锥形坑眼;当速度为50m /s 时,星孔筛管被携砂流体冲破,分流头压力(2号传感器)与罐内压力(3㊁4号传感器)之差较小,如图9所示㊂当冲蚀点为筛管过滤件时,分流头压力(2号传感器)波动幅度比较大,罐内压力(3号传感器)与入口压力差距很小;冲蚀过程中存在漏气声,返出液中含有大量陶粒及砂粒,部分陶粒破碎呈粉末状;拆卸装置后发现,星孔筛管护板㊁2层护网及金属棉全部射穿,形成锥形孔,最大孔径约20mm,如图10所示㊂基体的最大冲蚀孔径为25mm,最大冲蚀深度为6.5mm,冲蚀过滤件处最大冲蚀孔径达到20mm㊂图9 金属网筛管试样单孔清水试验压力变化Fig.9 Variation of pressure with time in single holewater test of mental meshscreen图10 星孔筛管冲蚀情况Fig.10 Erosion characteristics of stars screen㊃49㊃中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2019年6月3 防砂井冲蚀机制防砂井生产过程中,如果固相颗粒不能顺利通过挡砂层,会附着或侵入挡砂层内部,如无法排出则会造成挡砂层局部渗透率降低,形成堵塞或造成防砂管刺穿失效,进而严重影响油水井生产,如11图所示㊂通过现场取出的防砂筛管和堵塞过程模拟试验研究,防砂井筒堵塞过程中存在流体非均匀流动机制和筛管冲蚀机制㊂对于试验模拟的砾石充填机械筛管防砂,固相颗粒(磨料)进入挡砂介质内部,由于挡砂介质的非均质性和不规则性造成挡砂介质孔隙的不规则,导致进入其内部的固相颗粒难以排出,并且固相颗粒在挡砂介质内部的分布也具有不均匀性,不同位置的挡砂介质堵塞程度差别非常大,形成不均匀堵塞㊂固相颗粒堵塞挡砂介质造成挡砂介质的渗透率改变,堵塞的不均匀性会使渗透率存在差异,导致流体的非均匀流动㊂堵塞部位渗透率极低,流体无法通过,未堵塞部分过流流速增大,造成流体流动出现极大的不均匀性,如图12所示㊂在试验过程中防砂管与套管壁环空有砾石充填情况下,不同射孔孔眼部位的砾石充填层内的渗流压力分布不均匀,即使星孔筛管同一滤砂元件相邻单元孔也存在堵塞和未堵塞现象,筛管过滤介质堵塞存在不均匀特点,如图13所示㊂图11 井下取出的失效筛管Fig.11 Plugging and erosion of downholescreens图12 星孔筛管不均匀堵塞机制Fig.12 Mechanism of non⁃uniform blockages of starsscreen图13 同一筛管堵塞不均匀现象Fig.13 Non⁃uniform blockages of a sand screen㊃59㊃第43卷 第3期 廖华林,等:砾石充填条件下筛管堵塞与冲蚀特性试验 油气井防砂使用的机械筛管多种多样,但是其挡砂介质主要分为多层滤网类㊁割缝缝隙类㊁金属棉类和颗粒类等㊂挡砂介质的实质为固相多孔介质,具有一定的孔隙度和渗透率的多孔介质,多孔介质的性质决定了其允许流体通过的能力和挡砂性能㊂防砂井挡砂介质的堵塞物主要为固相颗粒,主要来源包括地层细粉砂㊁黏土泥质㊁钻完井过程中的固相污染物㊁原油中的胶质沥青质以及生产过程中形成的有机垢和无机垢等㊂固相堵塞物组成更加复杂,挡砂介质的不均匀性由于各种因素影响更大,堵塞过程中受到堵塞物成分㊁油井产量㊁出砂速度㊁原油黏度等因素的影响,防砂井的堵塞不均匀性和复杂性更加显著㊂由于堵塞的非均性,堵塞部位流体无法通过,邻近的未堵塞部位筛管过流流速增大,携砂流体流动时的磨蚀作用会造成筛管过滤介质穿孔㊂此外,射孔孔眼流体流速较高时,清水可与充填层的砂粒掺混,形成磨料射流冲击正对射孔孔眼处的防砂管,造成防砂管本体或过滤介质冲蚀破坏,甚至穿孔㊂随着流体流速的增大,对筛管的冲蚀破坏能力增强,如图14所示㊂图14 筛管冲蚀现象Fig.14 Sand screen erosion during test4 结 论(1)不同射孔孔眼部位的砾石充填层内的渗流压力分布不均匀,即使星孔筛管同一滤砂元件相邻单元孔也存在堵塞和未堵塞现象,筛管过滤介质堵塞存在不均匀特点㊂(2)筛管堵塞具有非均性,堵塞部位流体无法通过,邻近的未堵塞部位筛管过流流速增大,携砂流体流动时的磨蚀作用会造成筛管过滤介质穿孔㊂此外,射孔孔眼流体流速较高时,清水可与充填层的砂粒掺混,形成磨料射流冲击正对射孔孔眼处的防砂管,造成防砂管本体或过滤介质冲蚀破坏,甚至穿孔㊂随着流体流速的增大,对筛管的冲蚀破坏能力增强㊂地面模拟试验结果与井下取出失效防砂管特征吻合㊂(3)砾石充填层陶粒粒径和携砂流体的流速对防砂筛管的冲蚀破坏程度有较大影响,砾石充填层陶粒的粒径增大,筛管挡砂层和砾石充填层堵塞的非均匀程度降低,携砂流体可经更大范围的滤砂层通过,携砂流体流速较低,筛管冲蚀破坏时间较长㊂当砾石充填层堵塞严重时,清水与砾石充填层砂粒掺混形成的磨粒射流冲蚀能力增加,筛管损坏时间缩短㊂在相同试验条件下,金属网筛管比星孔筛管具有更好的抗堵塞能力㊂参考文献:[1] DONG Changyin,GAO Kaige,DONG Shexia,et al.Anew integrated method 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数码电子雷管在隧道爆破开挖中的应用
2020年11月上第 49 卷 第 21 期施 工 技 术CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY85DOI ： 10.7672/sgjs2020210085数码电子雷管在隧道爆破开挖中的应用**江西省自然科学基金(20192BAB206017)；江西理工大学清江优秀 人才支持计划(JXUSTQJYX2016007)［作者简介］韩涛，高级工程师,E-mail ：23786041@ ［收稿日期］2020-07-12韩涛,郭伟平，上官洲境,王伟东(中交一公局西北工程有限公司，陕西西安710000)［摘要］以岩溶山区高速公路下营隧道数码电子雷管爆破开挖为工程背景，从炮眼参数、装药结构、延期时间设置方面提岀爆破优化措施。
对爆破振动信号进行EMD 延期识别，识别结果表明振动信号由7段爆破振动波叠加而 成，这与实际爆破延期设计相符。
通过使用数码电子雷管，实现了可调控的精准延期爆破。
爆破产生的爆堆均匀，松散性较好,取得良好爆破效果。
［关键词］隧道;爆破;数码电子雷管;施工技术［中图分类号］U455［文献标识码］A ［文章编号］1002-8498(2020)21-0085-03Application of Digital Electronic Detonatorin Tunnel Blasting ExcavationHAN Tao , GUO Weiping , SHANGGUAN Zhoujing , WANG Weidong(The Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd. of CCCC First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd. , Xi ' an,Shaanxi 710000, China )Abstract :Taking the blasting excavation of expressway Xiaying tunnel in karst mountainous area as the engineering background ， the blasting optimization measures are proposed from the aspects of blast hole parameters ， charge structure and delay time setting. The blasting vibration signal is identified byempirical mode decomposition. The results show that the vibration signal is composed of seven blasting vibration waves ， which is consistent with the actual blasting delay design. Through the use of digital electronic detonators ， controllable and adjustable precise delay blasting is realized. The muck pilesproduced by blasting is uniform and loose ， and good blasting effect is achieved.Keywords : tunnels ; blasting ； digital electronic detonators ; construction0引言数码电子雷管爆破实现了延期时间可调控，提 高了精度，改善了爆破效果，且具有抗静电、抗交直 流电、抗杂散电流等特点，可保证施工安全［1-2］。
隧道火灾排烟量计算 英文
隧道火灾排烟量计算英文Tunnel Fire Smoke Exhaust CalculationFires in tunnels pose a significant threat to public safety, and the proper calculation of smoke exhaust volume is crucial for the effective design and implementation of fire safety systems. The smoke exhaust system is responsible for removing the heat and toxic gases generated during a fire, ensuring the safe evacuation of occupants and the accessibility of the tunnel for emergency responders.The calculation of smoke exhaust volume in tunnels involves several factors, including the size and geometry of the tunnel, the characteristics of the fire, and the desired level of safety. The primary objective is to determine the minimum required smoke exhaust capacity to maintain a safe environment within the tunnel during a fire event.One of the key factors in the calculation of smoke exhaust volume is the heat release rate (HRR) of the fire. The HRR represents the amount of energy released per unit of time and is typically measured in kilowatts (kW). The HRR is influenced by various parameters, suchas the type and quantity of combustible materials, the ventilation conditions, and the fire growth rate.To calculate the smoke exhaust volume, the following steps are generally followed:1. Determine the design fire scenario: The design fire scenario is the basis for the smoke exhaust system design. It considers factors such as the location of the fire, the size of the fire, and the expected fire growth rate.2. Estimate the heat release rate (HRR): The HRR is estimated based on the design fire scenario and the characteristics of the tunnel. Empirical correlations or numerical models can be used to determine the HRR.3. Calculate the smoke production rate: The smoke production rate is directly proportional to the HRR and is typically expressed in cubic meters per second (m³/s). The smoke production rate is a critical parameter for determining the required smoke exhaust capacity.4. Determine the smoke exhaust capacity: The minimum required smoke exhaust capacity is calculated based on the smoke production rate and the desired level of smoke control. The smoke exhaust capacity is typically expressed in cubic meters per second (m³/s).5. Consider additional factors: Other factors, such as the tunnel geometry, the location of the smoke exhaust fans, and the desired air velocity within the tunnel, may also need to be considered in the calculation of the smoke exhaust volume.It is important to note that the calculation of smoke exhaust volume in tunnels is a complex process that requires the expertise of fire safety engineers and the use of specialized software tools. The calculations must also comply with relevant building codes, standards, and regulations to ensure the safety of the tunnel occupants and the effectiveness of the fire safety system.In conclusion, the calculation of smoke exhaust volume in tunnels is a crucial aspect of fire safety design. By accurately determining the required smoke exhaust capacity, engineers can ensure the effective removal of heat and toxic gases, enabling the safe evacuation of occupants and the accessibility of the tunnel for emergency responders. The use of appropriate methodologies and the consideration of all relevant factors are essential for the successful design and implementation of a robust smoke exhaust system in tunnel fire safety.。
持续及周期流体静压力对大鼠BMSCs增殖及凋亡的影响
持续及周期流体静压力对大鼠BMSCs增殖及凋亡的影响目的：通过观察持续及周期静压力刺激对骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）体外增殖和凋亡的影响，以期为软骨组织工程研究中力学加载方式的选择提供实验依据。
方法：全骨髓贴壁分离法分离大鼠BMSCs，经表面标志物检测后，分为对照组（control）、持续流体静压力45Kpa组（45Kpa）、周期流体静压力45Kpa 组（0～45Kpa）、持续流体静压力90Kpa组（90Kpa）及周期流体静压力90Kpa 组（0～90Kpa），压力加载时间1h，连续加压2天，周期流体静压力的频率为0.1Hz。
流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡，激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞骨架。
结果：90Kpa及0～90Kpa流体静压力作用下细胞增殖指数显著高于对照组（P ＜0.05）；BMSCs加载45Kpa、0～45Kpa、90Kpa及0～90Kpa流体静压力后，细胞骨架光密度值显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；90Kpa及0～90Kpa流体静压力可导致细胞凋亡（P＜0.05），其中90Kpa持续流体静压力中细胞凋亡率与对照组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）。
结论：高强度周期流体静压力可促进细胞增殖，而高强度持续压力则导致细胞凋亡，低强度周期压力可促使细胞骨架重组。
标签：流体静压力；骨髓间充质干细胞；增殖；细胞骨架；凋亡颞颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）主要承受咀嚼力，是人体的一对联动关节，其关节腔结构复杂，因此髁突软骨在关节腔中承受着多种类型的力学刺激[1]。
炎症、感染、创伤、肿瘤等因素可导致髁突软骨损伤或缺损，但因其本身无血管、淋巴的供应及神经支配，所以自身修复能力较差。
近年来，随着软骨组织工程技术的不断发展，为临床上治疗软骨损伤提供了新的研究思路。
研究发现，力学刺激是软骨发生、发育及改建的重要因素，因此其在软骨再生修复中的作用受到关注[2-6]。
软骨组织工程中，成体干细胞移植物用于关节软骨缺损修复时，同样要担负起承力结构的作用。