高三试题—2017-2018学年北京朝阳区高三上学期期末化学试卷

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-2017朝阳区高三上学期期末统一考试化学试卷及答案教学内容

-2017朝阳区高三上学期期末统一考试化学试卷及答案教学内容

北京市朝阳区2016~2017学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试化学试卷(满分:100分考试时间:90分钟)2017.1可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16 Cu 64第一部分(选择题共42分)每小题只有一个选项符合题意,每小题3分,共14道小题,共42分1.下列金属防护的方法中,应用了牺牲阳极的阴极保护法的是A.B.C.D.工具转动部位涂油脂钢铁船身嵌入锌车圈、车铃钢上镀铬健身器材刷油漆2.水中污染物不同,所采取的处理方法不同。

下列处理方法不正确...的是A.含Hg2+的废水——加入Na2S等沉淀剂B.钢铁厂的酸性废水——加入熟石灰等进行中和C.餐饮业厨房含油污水——加工为生物柴油进行利用D.被细菌、病毒污染的饮用水——加入明矾等进行消毒3.下列说法中,正确的是A.用灼烧的方法可以区分蚕丝和人造纤维B.鸡蛋清遇醋酸铅后产生的沉淀能重新溶于水C.麦芽糖水解生成互为同分异构体的葡萄糖和果糖D.α-氨基丙酸与α-氨基苯丙酸混合物脱水成肽,只生成2种二肽4.氯碱工业中电解饱和食盐水的原理示意图如右图所示(电极均为石墨电极)。

下列说法正确的是A.M为电子流出的一极B.通电使氯化钠发生电离C.电解一段时间后,阴极区pH降低D.电解时用盐酸调节阳极区的pH在2~3,有利于气体逸出5.工业上以铝土矿(主要成分Al2O3·3H2O)为原料生产铝,主要包括下列过程:ⅰ.将粉碎、筛选、湿磨后的铝土矿浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,过滤;ⅱ.通入过量二氧化碳使ⅰ所得滤液中析出氢氧化铝固体,过滤;ⅲ.使ⅱ中所得氢氧化铝脱水生成氧化铝;ⅳ.电解熔融氧化铝生成铝。

下列说法正确的是A.过程ⅰ说明氧化铝具有酸性氧化物的性质B.过程ⅱ说明碳酸的酸性比氢氧化铝的酸性弱C.过程ⅲ发生的反应类型属于氧化还原反应D.过程ⅳ也可以用加热法代替电解法冶炼铝6.根据元素周期律,由下列事实进行归纳推测,推测不合理...的是选项事实推测A.Na与冷水反应剧烈,K与冷水反应更剧烈Li与冷水反应缓慢B.20Ca(OH)2碱性强于12Mg(OH)238Sr(OH)2碱性强于20Ca(OH)2C.Si是半导体材料,同主族的Ge也是半导体材料第ⅣA元素形成的单质都是半导体材料D.F2与H2在暗处剧烈化合,Cl2与H2光照或点燃时反应Br2与H2反应需要加热到一定温度7.某学习小组按如下实验过程(固定、加热及盛接仪器略)证明了海带中存在碘元素:下列说法不正确...的是A.步骤①需要将干海带放入坩埚中灼烧B.步骤②反应的离子方程式为:2I-+ 2H+ + H2O2= I2 + 2H2OC.步骤③操作后,观察到试管中溶液变为蓝色,可以说明海带中含有碘元素D.若步骤②仅滴加稀硫酸后放置一会儿,步骤③操作后,试管中溶液颜色无明显变化8.下列解释事实的反应方程式不正确...的是A.铜和浓硝酸反应生成红棕色气体:Cu + 4H+ + 2NO3-= Cu2+ + 2NO2↑+ 2H2OB.向NaHCO3溶液中加入过量的澄清石灰水:2HCO3-+Ca2+ + 2OH-=== CaCO3↓+ CO32-+2H2OC.向漂白液中加入适量洁厕灵(含盐酸),产生氯气:ClO-+ Cl-+2H+===Cl2↑+ H2OD.向澄清的苯酚钠溶液中通入CO2,变浑浊:9.下图是某种酶生物燃料电池的工作原理示意图。

2017-2018年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末数学试卷(文科)和答案

2017-2018年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末数学试卷(文科)和答案

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7. (5 分)阿波罗尼斯(约公元前 262﹣190 年)证明过这样一个命题:平面内 到两定点距离之比为常数 k(k>0 且 k≠1)的点的轨迹是圆.后人将这个圆称 为阿氏圆.若平面内两定点 A,B 间的距离为 2,动点 P 与 A,B 距离之比为 当 P,A,B 不共线时,△PAB 面积的最大值是( A. B. C. D. ) ,
2017-2018 学年北京市朝阳区高三(上)期末数学试卷(文科)
一、选择题:本大题共 8 小题,每小题 5 分,共 40 分.在每小题给出的四个选 项中,选出符合题目要求的一项. 1. (5 分)已知集合 A={x|x(x﹣2)<0},B={x|lnx>0},则 A∩B 是( A.{x|x>0} B.{x|x>2} C.{x|1<x<2} D.{x|0<x<2} ) )
三、解答题:本大题共 6 小题,共 80 分.解答应写出文字说明,演算步骤或证 明过程. 15. (13 分)已知函数 f(x)=(sinx+cosx)2﹣cos2x. (Ⅰ)求 f(x)的最小正周期; (Ⅱ)求证:当 时,f(x)≥0.
16. (13 分)已知由实数构成的等比数列{an}满足 a1=2,a1+a3+a5=42. (Ⅰ)求数列{an}的通项公式; (Ⅱ)求 a2+a4+a6+…+a2n. 17. (13 分)2017 年,世界乒乓球锦标赛在德国的杜赛尔多夫举行.整个比赛精 彩纷呈, 参赛选手展现出很高的竞技水平, 为观众奉献了多场精彩对决. 图1 (扇 形图) 和表 1 是其中一场关键比赛的部分数据统计.两位选手在此次比赛中击球 所使用的各项技术的比例统计如图.在乒乓球比赛中,接发球技术是指回接对方 发球时使用的各种方法.选手乙在比赛中的接发球技术统计如表 1,其中的前 4 项技术统称反手技术,后 3 项技术统称为正手技术.

2017-2018北京市各区高三化学上学期期末汇编__工艺流程

2017-2018北京市各区高三化学上学期期末汇编__工艺流程

(海淀)18.(11分)钴酸锂废极片中钴回收的某种工艺流程如下图所示,其中废极片的主要成分为钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)和金属铝,最终可得到Co 2O 3及锂盐。

(1)“还原酸浸”过程中,大部分LiCoO 2可转化为CoSO 4,请将该反应的化学方程式补充完整:2LiCoO 2+3H 2SO 4+□□CoSO 4+□ +□ + □ 。

(2)“还原酸浸”过程中,Co 、Al 浸出率(进入溶液中的某元素质量占固体中该元素总质量的百分数)受硫酸浓度及温度(t )的影响分别如图1和图2所示。

工艺流程中所选择的硫酸浓度为2 mol .L -1,温度为80 o C ,推测其原因是 。

A. Co 的浸出率较高B. Co 和Al 浸出的速率较快C. Al 的浸出率较高D. 双氧水较易分解(3)加入(NH 4)2C 2O 4后得CoC 2O 4沉淀。

写出CoC 2O 4沉淀在空气中高温煅烧得到Co 2O 3的反应的化学方程式: 。

(4)若初始投入钴酸锂废极片的质量为1 kg ,煅烧后获得Co 2O 3的质量为83 g ,已知Co 的浸出率为90%,则钴酸锂废极片中钴元素的质量分数约为 (小数点后保留两位)。

(5)已知“沉锂”过程中,滤液a 中的c (Li +)约为10-1 mol ·L -1,部分锂盐的溶解度数据如下表所示。

温度 Li 2SO 4 Li 2CO 3 0 o C 36.1 g 1.33 g 100 o C24.0 g0.72 g结合数据分析,沉锂过程所用的试剂b 是 (写化学式),相应的操作方法:向滤液a 中加入略过量的试剂b ,搅拌, ,洗涤干燥。

图1图2NH 4HCO 3 (NH 4)2C 2O 4沉锂滤液a 试剂bCo 2O 3除铝t(西城)20.(12分)氧化钴(Co 2O 3)粉体材料在工业、电子、电讯等领域都有着广阔的应用前景。

某铜钴矿石主要含有CoO(OH) 、CoCO 3、Cu 2(OH)2CO 3和SiO 2,其中还含有一定量的Fe 2O 3、MgO 和CaO 等。

2017 2018北京市朝阳区高三第一学期期末数学理科试题含答案

2017 2018北京市朝阳区高三第一学期期末数学理科试题含答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测数学试卷(理工类) 2018.1(考试时间120分钟 满分150分)本试卷分为选择题(共40分)和非选择题(共110分)两部分第一部分(选择题 共40分)一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.1. 已知集合{}|(2)0A x x x =-<,{}|ln 0B x x =>,则A B I 是A. {}|12x x <<B.{}|02x x <<C. {}|0x x >D.{}|2x x > 2. 已知i 为虚数单位,设复数z 满足i 3z +=,则z =A.3B. 4D.10 3. 在平面直角坐标系中,以下各点位于不等式(21)(3)0x y x y +--+>表示的平面区域内的是A.(00),B.(20)-,C.(01)-,D. (02), 4.“sin α=cos 2=0α”的 A.充分而不必要条件 B.必要而不充分条件 C.充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件 5. 某四棱锥的三视图如图所示,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,则该四棱锥的体积为A. 4B.43D. 6. 已知圆22(2)9x y -+=的圆心为C .直线l 过点(2,0)M -且与x 轴不重合,l 交圆C 于,A B 两点,点A 在点M ,B 之间.过M 作直线AC 的平行线交直线BC 于点P ,则点P 的轨迹是正视图侧视图俯视图A. 椭圆的一部分B. 双曲线的一部分C. 抛物线的一部分D. 圆的一部分7. 已知函数()f x x x a =⋅-的图象与直线1y =-的公共点不少于两个,则实数a 的取值范围是A .2a <- B.2a ≤- C.20a -≤< D.2a >- 8. 如图1,矩形ABCD 中,AD .点E 在AB 边上,CE DE ⊥且1AE =. 如图2,ADE △沿直线DE 向上折起成1A DE △.记二面角1A DE A --的平面角为θ,当θ()0180∈,时,① 存在某个位置,使1CE DA ⊥;② 存在某个位置,使1DE AC ⊥;③ 任意两个位置,直线DE 和直线1AC 所成的角都不相等.以上三个结论中正确的序号是A . ① B. ①② C. ①③ D. ②③第二部分(非选择题 共110分)二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.把答案填在答题卡上. 9. 已知中心在原点,焦点在坐标轴上的双曲线C则双曲线C 的渐近线方程为 .10. 执行如图所示的程序框图,输出S 的值为 . 11.ABCD 中,,E F 分别为边,BC CD 中点,若 AF xAB yAE =+(,x y ∈R ),则+=x y _________.12. 已知数列{}n a 满足11n n n a a a +-=-(2n ≥),1a p =,2a q =(,p q ∈R ).设1nn i i S a ==∑,则10a = ;2018S = .(用含,p q 的式子表示)13. 伟大的数学家高斯说过:几何学唯美的直观能够帮助我们了解大自然界的基本问题.一位A同学受到启发,借助以下两个相同的矩形图形,按以下步骤给出了不等式:22222()()()ac bd a b c d +≤++的一种“图形证明”.证明思路:(1)左图中白色区域面积等于右图中白色区域面积;(2)左图中阴影区域的面积为ac bd +,右图中,设BAD θ∠=,右图阴影区域的面积可表示为_________(用含a b c d ,,,,θ的式子表示);(3)由图中阴影面积相等,即可导出不等式22222()()()ac bd a b c d +≤++. 当且仅当,,,a b c d 满足条件__________________时,等号成立.14. 如图,一位同学从1P 处观测塔顶B 及旗杆顶A ,得仰角分别为α和90α- . 后退l (单位m)至点2P 处再观测塔顶B ,仰角变为原来的一半,设塔CB 和旗杆BA 都垂直于地面,且C ,1P ,2P 三点在同一条水平线上,则塔CB 的高为 m ;旗杆BA的高为 m.(用含有l 和α的式子表示)三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明,演算步骤或证明过程. 15. (本小题满分13分)已知函数21()sin cos sin 2f x x x x =-+. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的单调递增区间;(Ⅱ)在△ABC 中,,,a b c 为角,,A B C 的对边,且满足cos 2cos sin b A b A a B =-,且02A π<<,求()f B 的取值范围.P 21BCbbcac a cbC BA16. (本小题满分13分)为了治理大气污染,某市2017年初采用了一系列措施,比如“煤改电”,“煤改气”,“国Ⅰ,Ⅱ轻型汽油车限行”,“整治散乱污染企业”等.下表是该市2016年和2017年12月份的空气质量指数(AQI )(AQI 指数越小,空气质量越好)统计表. 表1:2016年12月AQI 指数表:单位(3g /m μ)表2:2017年12月AQI 指数表:单位(3g /m μ)根据表中数据回答下列问题:(Ⅰ)求出2017年12月的空气质量指数的极差;(Ⅱ)根据《环境空气质量指数(AQI )技术规定(试行)》规定:当空气质量指数为0~50时,空气质量级别为一级.从2017年12月12日到12月16这五天中,随机抽取三天,空气质量级别为一级的天数为ξ,求ξ的分布列及数学期望;(Ⅲ)你认为该市2017年初开始采取的这些大气污染治理措施是否有效?结合数据说明理由.17. (本小题满分14分)如图,在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,90ACB ∠= ,D 是线段AC 的中点,且1A D ⊥ 平面ABC . (Ⅰ)求证:平面1A BC ⊥平面11AAC C ; (Ⅱ)求证:1//B C 平面1A BD ;(Ⅲ)若11A B AC ⊥,2AC BC ==,求二面角1A A B C --的余弦值.18. (本小题满分13分)已知函数()cos f x x x a =+,a ∈R . (Ⅰ)求曲线()y f x =在点2x π=处的切线的斜率; (Ⅱ)判断方程()0f x '=(()f x '为()f x 的导数)在区间()0,1内的根的个数,说明理由; (Ⅲ)若函数()sin cos F x x x x ax =++在区间(0,1)内有且只有一个极值点,求a 的取值范围.ACBB 1C 1A 1D19. (本小题满分14分)已知抛物线:C 24x y =的焦点为F ,过抛物线C 上的动点P (除顶点O 外)作C 的切线l 交x 轴于点T .过点O 作直线l 的垂线OM (垂足为M )与直线PF 交于点N . (Ⅰ)求焦点F 的坐标; (Ⅱ)求证:FT MN ; (Ⅲ)求线段FN 的长.20. (本小题满分13分)已知集合{}12,,...,n P a a a =,其中i a ∈R()1,2i n n ≤≤>.()M P 表示+i j a a 1)i j n ≤<≤(中所有不同值的个数.(Ⅰ)若集合{}1,3,57,9P =,,求()M P ; (Ⅱ)若集合{}11,4,16,...,4n P -=,求证:+i j a a 的值两两不同,并求()M P ;(Ⅲ)求()M P 的最小值.(用含n 的代数式表示)北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三年级数学试卷答案(理工类) 2018.1二、填空题(30分)三、解答题(80分) 15. (本小题满分13分)解:(Ⅰ)由题知111()sin 2(1cos 2)222f x x x =--+ 11=sin 2cos 222x x +=)24x π+. 由222242k x k ππππ-≤+≤π+(k ∈Z ), 解得 88k x k 3πππ-≤≤π+ . 所以()f x 单调递增区间为3[,]88k k πππ-π+(k ∈Z ). …………… 6分 (Ⅱ)依题意,由正弦定理,sin cos 2sin cos sin sin B A B A A B =-.因为在三角形中sin 0B ≠,所以cos 2cos sin A A A =-. 即(cos sin )(cos sin 1)0A A A A -+-=当cos sin A A =时,4A π=; 当cos sin 1A A +=时,2A π=.由于02A π<<,所以4A π=. 则3+4BC =π. 则304B <<π.又2444B ππ7π<+<, 所以1sin(2)14B π-≤+≤.由())24f B B π=+, 则()f B的取值范围是22⎡-⎢⎣⎦,. ……………… 13分 16. (本小题满分13分)解:(Ⅰ)2017年12月空气质量指数的极差为194. …………………3分 (Ⅱ)ξ可取1,2,31232353(1)10C C P C ξ===;2132356(2)10C C P C ξ===;3032351(3)10C C P C ξ===. ξ的分布列为所以123 1.8101010E ξ=⨯+⨯+⨯= . ………………9分 (Ⅲ)这些措施是有效的.可以利用空气质量指数的平均数,或者这两年12月空气质量指数为优的概率等来进行说明.………………13分17. (本小题满分14分)(Ⅰ)证明:因为90ACB ∠= ,所以BC AC ⊥.根据题意, 1A D ⊥平面ABC ,BC ⊂平面ABC ,所以1A D BC ⊥.因为1A D AC D = ,所以BC ⊥平面11AAC C .又因为BC ⊂平面1A BC ,所以平面1A BC ⊥平面11AAC C . ………………4分 (Ⅱ)证明:连接1AB ,设11AB A B E = ,连接DE.根据棱柱的性质可知,E 为1AB 的中点, 因为D 是AC 的中点, 所以1//DE B C .又因为DE ⊂平面1A BD ,1B C ⊄平面1A BD ,所以1//B C 平面1A BD . ………………8分 (Ⅲ)如图,取AB 的中点F ,则//DF BC ,因为BC AC ⊥,所以DF AC ⊥, 又因为1A D ⊥平面ABC , 所以1,,DF DC DA 两两垂直.以D 为原点,分别以1,,DF DC DA 为,,x y z 轴建立空间坐标系(如图). 由(Ⅰ)可知,BC ⊥平面11AAC C , 所以1BC AC ⊥.又因为11A B AC ⊥,1BC A B B = , 所以1AC ⊥平面1A BC ,所以11AC AC ⊥, 所以四边形11AAC C 为菱形. 由已知2AC BC ==,则()0,1,0A -,()0,1,0C ,()2,1,0B ,(1A . 设平面1A AB 的一个法向量为(),,x y z =n ,因为(1AA = ,()2,2,0AB = ,所以10,0,AA AB ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩n n ,即0,220.y x y ⎧+=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩ ACB B 1C 1A 1DE设1z =,则)=n .再设平面1A BC 的一个法向量为()111,,x y z =m ,因为(10,CA =- ,()2,0,0CB = ,所以10,0,CA CB ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩m m,即1110,20. y x ⎧-=⎪⎨=⎪⎩ 设11z =,则()=m .故cos ,⋅〈〉===⋅m n m n m n由图知,二面角1A A B C --的平面角为锐角, 所以二面角1A A B C --…………14分 18. (本小题满分13分)解:(Ⅰ)()cos sin f x x x x '=-.ππ()22k f '==-. …………3分 (Ⅱ)设()()g x f x '=,()sin (sin cos )2sin cos g x x x x x x x x '=--+=--.当(0,1)x ∈时,()0g x '<,则函数()g x 为减函数. 又因为(0)10g =>,(1)cos1sin10g =-<, 所以有且只有一个0(0,1)x ∈,使0()0g x =成立.所以函数()g x 在区间()0,1内有且只有一个零点.即方程()0f x '=在区间()0,1内有且只有一个实数根. ……………7分 (Ⅲ)若函数()sin cos F x x x x ax =++在区间()0,1内有且只有一个极值点,由于()()F x f x '=,即()cos f x x x a =+在区间()0,1内有且只有一个零点1x ,且()f x 在1x 两侧异号.因为当(0,1)x ∈时,函数()g x 为减函数,所以在()00,x 上,0()()0g x g x >=,即()0f x '>成立,函数()f x 为增函数;在0(,1)x 上, 0()()0g x g x <=,即()0f x '<成立,函数()f x 为减函数,则函数()f x 在0x x =处取得极大值0()f x .当0()0f x =时,虽然函数()f x 在区间()0,1内有且只有一个零点0x ,但()f x 在0x 两侧同号,不满足()F x 在区间()0,1内有且只有一个极值点的要求.由于(1)cos1f a =+,(0)f a =,显然(1)(0)f f >. 若函数()f x 在区间()0,1内有且只有一个零点1x ,且()f x 在1x 两侧异号, 则只需满足:(0)0,(1)0,f f <⎧⎨≥⎩即0,cos10,a a <⎧⎨+≥⎩ 解得cos10a -≤<. ……………13分19. (本小题满分14分)解:(Ⅰ) (0,1)F ……………2分(Ⅱ)设00(,)P x y .由24x y =,得214y x =,则过点P 的切线l 的斜率为0012x x k y x ='==. 则过点P 的切线l 方程为2001124y x x x =-.令0y =,得012T x x =,即01(,0)2T x .又点P 为抛物线上除顶点O 外的动点,00x ≠,则02TF k x =-.而由已知得MN l ⊥,则02MN k x =-. 又00x ≠,即FT 与MN 不重合,即FT MN . …………6分 (Ⅲ)由(Ⅱ)问,直线MN 的方程为02y x x =-,00x ≠.直线PF 的方程为0011y y x x --=,00x ≠.设MN 和PF 交点N 的坐标为(,)N N N x y 则0002.........(1)11..........(2)N N N N y x x y y x x ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨-⎪=+⎪⎩由(1)式得,02N Nx x y =-(由于N 不与原点重合,故0N y ≠).代入(2),化简得02NN y y y -=()0N y ≠.又2004x y =,化简得,22(1)1NN x y +-= (0N x ≠). 即点N 在以F 为圆心,1为半径的圆上.(原点与()0,2除外)即1FN =. …………14分20. (本小题满分13分)解:(Ⅰ)()=7M P ; ………… 3分(Ⅱ)形如和式+i j a a 1)i j n ≤<≤(共有2(1)2n n n C -=项,所以(1)()2n n M P -≤. 对于集合{}11,4,16,...,4n -中的和式+i j a a ,+p q a a 1,1)i j n p q n ≤<≤≤<≤(: 当j q =时,i p ≠时,++i j p q a a a a ≠;当j q ≠时,不妨设j q <,则121+24j i j j j q p q a a a a a a a -+<=<≤<+. 所以+i j a a 1)i j n ≤<≤(的值两两不同. 且(1)()=2n n M P -. ………… 8分 (Ⅲ)不妨设123...n a a a a <<<<,可得1213121++...++...+n nn n a a a a a a a a a a -<<<<<<. +i j a a 1)i j n ≤<≤(中至少有23n -个不同的数. 即()23M P n ≥-.设12,,...,n a a a 成等差数列,11,()+=,()i j n n i j i j a a i j n a a a a i j n +-+-++>⎧⎪⎨++≤⎪⎩,则对于每个和式+i j a a 1)i j n ≤<≤(,其值等于1+p a a (2p n ≤≤)或+q n a a (11)q n ≤≤-中的一个.去掉重复的一个1n a a +,所以对于这样的集合P ,()23M P n =-.则()M P 的最小值为23n -. ……………13分。

北京市朝阳区2018届高三上学期期末考试(化学)

北京市朝阳区2018届高三上学期期末考试(化学)

北京市朝阳区2018届高三上学期期末考试(化学)北京市朝阳区XXXX年第一学期期末质量检验高年级化学试卷(满分:100分考试时间:90分)XXXX年因钢材锈蚀流失,约占世界年产量的十分之一右边显示的是钢材腐蚀原理的示意图。

以下陈述不正确...a。

缺氧区:Fe-2e = = = Fe2+-B..富氧区:O2+2H2O+4e = = = 4OH℃。

铁失去的电子转移到O2-D。

隔离氧或电解液可有效防止铁生锈5。

根据下表的数据分析,以下关于乙醇和乙二醇的说法,不合理的是...-物质乙二醇分子式C2H6O C2H6O2沸点/ C 78.5 197.3溶解度可与水以任何比例混溶,并可与水和乙醇以任何比例混溶。

两者的溶解度与其在水中形成氢键的能力有关。

两者可通过蒸馏分离。

甘油的沸点应高于乙二醇的沸点。

两者在组成和结构上相似,同系物6。

以下反应在特定条件下发生。

反应后,固体质量增加a。

氨还原氧化铜b。

二氧化锰加入过氧化氢溶液c。

次氯酸钙暴露于空气中进行改性d。

过氧化钠吸收二氧化碳7。

使用以下实验设备完成相应的实验。

实验的目的是澄清石灰水a,制备并收集少量氨气b。

比较碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钠的热稳定性。

制备和测试乙烯。

比较盐酸、碳酸和硅酸的酸度。

下列解释事实的离子方程式是不正确的...A..将铝片放入氢氧化钠溶液中产生气体:2Al+2OH+2H2O = = = 2alo 2+3H2↓B。

向K2Cr2O7溶液中滴加少量浓H2SO4。

溶液橙色加深:Cr2O72(橙色)+H2O---2 CrO 42(黄色)+2h+-℃。

通过向Na2SiO3溶液中引入过量CO2来制备硅酸凝胶:二氧化硅32+ CO2+H2O === H2SiO3(胶体)+co 32..用碳酸钠溶液浸泡锅炉水垢(包括硫酸钙):硫酸钙+碳酸钙+硫酸氢钙+199-碳酸钙+硫酸氢钙-9。

根据元素周期定律,总结和推测了以下事实。

推测方案甲、乙、丙实际上镁更难与冷水反应,钙更容易与冷水反应,铍更难与冷水反应,钠和氯形成离子键,铝和氯形成共价键,硅和氯形成共价键,盐酸在1500℃分解,氢在230℃分解硼,硅是半导体材料是不合理的。

2017北京朝阳高三第一学期期末化学试题及答案解析

2017北京朝阳高三第一学期期末化学试题及答案解析

北京市朝阳区2016~2017学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试化学试卷(满分:100分考试时间:90分钟)2017.1可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16 Cu 64第一部分(选择题共42分)每小题只有一个选项符合题意,每小题3分,共14道小题,共42分1.下列金属防护的方法中,应用了牺牲阳极的阴极保护法的是2.水中污染物不同,所采取的处理方法不同。

下列处理方法不正确...的是A.含Hg2+的废水——加入Na2S等沉淀剂B.钢铁厂的酸性废水——加入熟石灰等进行中和C.餐饮业厨房含油污水——加工为生物柴油进行利用D.被细菌、病毒污染的饮用水——加入明矾等进行消毒3.下列说法中,正确的是A.用灼烧的方法可以区分蚕丝和人造纤维B.鸡蛋清遇醋酸铅后产生的沉淀能重新溶于水C.麦芽糖水解生成互为同分异构体的葡萄糖和果糖D.α-氨基丙酸与α-氨基苯丙酸混合物脱水成肽,只生成2种二肽4.氯碱工业中电解饱和食盐水的原理示意图如右图所示(电极均为石墨电极)。

下列说法正确的是A.M为电子流出的一极B.通电使氯化钠发生电离C.电解一段时间后,阴极区pH降低D.电解时用盐酸调节阳极区的pH在2~3,有利于气体逸出5.工业上以铝土矿(主要成分Al2O3·3H2O)为原料生产铝,主要包括下列过程:ⅰ.将粉碎、筛选、湿磨后的铝土矿浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,过滤;ⅱ.通入过量二氧化碳使ⅰ所得滤液中析出氢氧化铝固体,过滤;ⅲ.使ⅱ中所得氢氧化铝脱水生成氧化铝;ⅳ.电解熔融氧化铝生成铝。

下列说法正确的是A.过程ⅰ说明氧化铝具有酸性氧化物的性质B.过程ⅱ说明碳酸的酸性比氢氧化铝的酸性弱C.过程ⅲ发生的反应类型属于氧化还原反应D.过程ⅳ也可以用加热法代替电解法冶炼铝6.根据元素周期律,由下列事实进行归纳推测,推测不合理...的是7.某学习小组按如下实验过程(固定、加热及盛接仪器略)证明了海带中存在碘元素:下列说法不正确...的是A.步骤①需要将干海带放入坩埚中灼烧B.步骤②反应的离子方程式为:2I-+ 2H+ + H2O2= I2 + 2H2OC.步骤③操作后,观察到试管中溶液变为蓝色,可以说明海带中含有碘元素D.若步骤②仅滴加稀硫酸后放置一会儿,步骤③操作后,试管中溶液颜色无明显变化8.下列解释事实的反应方程式不正确...的是A.铜和浓硝酸反应生成红棕色气体:Cu + 4H+ + 2NO3-= Cu2+ + 2NO2↑ + 2H2OB.向NaHCO3溶液中加入过量的澄清石灰水:2HCO3-+Ca2+ + 2OH-=== CaCO3↓ + CO32-+2H2OC.向漂白液中加入适量洁厕灵(含盐酸),产生氯气:ClO-+ Cl-+2H+===Cl2↑+ H2OD . 向澄清的苯酚钠溶液中通入CO 2,变浑浊:9.下图是某种酶生物燃料电池的工作原理示意图。

2017-2018学年北京市朝阳区高三(上)期末化学试卷(解析版)

2017-2018学年北京市朝阳区高三(上)期末化学试卷(解析版)

2017-2018学年北京市朝阳区高三(上)期末化学试卷一、单选题(本大题共14小题,共42.0分)1.【答案】B【解析】解:钛合金是金属钛形成的合金材料,不是高分子材料,故A错误;B.航天服材料--涤纶成分,为高分子化合物,属于高分子材料,故B正确;C.战国初期的曾侯乙编钟--青铜器属于合金材料,不是高分子化合物材料,故C错误;D.日常生活中的餐具--陶瓷是硅酸盐无机非金属材料,不是高分子材料,故D错误;故选:B。

相对分子质量在10000以上的为高分子,A.钛合金是金属材料;B.涤纶是高分子材料;C.青铜器是铜的合金;D.陶瓷成分主要是硅酸盐材料。

本题考查有机高分子的判断,为高频考点,把握有机物的组成、合成高分子的方法为解答的关键,侧重分析与应用能力的考查,注意各种物质的成分判断,题目难度不大。

2. 下列说法不正确的是A. 属于糖类、油脂、蛋白质的物质均可发生水解反应B. 乙酸和乙酸乙酯可用溶液加以区分C. 室温下,在水中的溶解度:乙酸苯酚溴乙烷D. 酚类物质具有还原性,有些可用作食品中的抗氧化剂【答案】A【解析】解:单糖不能发生水解反应,二糖、多糖、油脂、蛋白质的物质均可发生水解反应,故A错误;B.乙酸与碳酸钠反应生成气体,乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液分层,现象不同可鉴别,故B正确;C.乙酸与水互溶,苯酚在水中溶解度不大,溴乙烷不溶于水,则室温下,在水中的溶解度:乙酸苯酚溴乙烷,故C正确;D.酚羟基易被氧化,则酚类物质具有还原性,有些可用作食品中的抗氧化剂,故D正确;故选:A。

A.单糖不能发生水解反应;B.乙酸与碳酸钠反应生成气体,乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液分层;C.乙酸与水互溶,苯酚在水中溶解度不大,溴乙烷不溶于水;D.酚羟基易被氧化。

本题考查有机物的结构与性质,为高频考点,把握官能团与性质、有机反应为解答的关键,侧重分析与应用能力的考查,注意有机反应的应用,题目难度不大。

3. 中国科学院科研团队研究表明,在常温常压和可见光下,基于一种固体催化剂合成的原理示意图如图。

高三试题—2017-2018学年北京朝阳区高三上学期期末英语试卷

高三试题—2017-2018学年北京朝阳区高三上学期期末英语试卷

B. supposing
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6. A. during
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7. A. increase
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D. occur
8. A. choice
B. instruction
C. reason
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14. I wish I
your advices then. In that case things might not be so bad.
A. have taken
B. took
C. had taken
D. would have taken
15. What's touching about being a volunteer is seeing
A. That
B. When
C. What
D. How
13. ---My car is making a really strange noise.
---You'd better get it
before you drive to Denver.
A. looking at
B. looked at
C. to look at
it drives you forward.
A. as long as
B. though
C. unless
D. in order that
12.
the characters leave unsaid is often more important than what they put into words.

2017-2018北京市各区高三第一学期期末考试电化学试题汇编

2017-2018北京市各区高三第一学期期末考试电化学试题汇编

2017-2018北京市各区高三第一学期期末考试电化学试题汇编1、(2017昌平8).关于下图所示两个装置的叙述中不正确...的是 A .c (H +)浓度变化:①减小,②减小 B . 装置名称:①是电解池,②是原电池C .离子移动方向:①中H +向阴极方向移动,②中H +向正极方向移动 D . 电极反应式:①中阳极:2H 2O-4e -=4H ++O 2↑,②中负极:Zn e Zn -=-+222、(2017海淀10)某同学进行下列实验:下列说法不合理...的是 A.生铁片发生吸氧腐蚀B. 中心区:Fe – 2e —==== Fe 2+C. 边缘处:O 2 + 2H 2O +4e —==== 4OH —D. 交界处:4Fe 2+ + O 2 + 10H 2O ==== 4 Fe(OH)3 + 8H +3、(2017海淀14).2016年我国科研人员研制出一种室温“可呼吸”Na −CO 2电池。

放电时该电池“吸入”CO 2,充电时“呼出”CO 2。

吸入CO 2时,其工作原理如右图所示。

吸收的全部CO 2中,有2/3转化为Na 2CO 3固体沉积在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT )电极表面。

下列说法正确的是:A .“吸入”CO 2时,钠箔为正极B .“呼出”CO 2时,Na +向多壁碳纳米管电极移动C .“吸入”CO 2时的正极反应:4Na ++ 3CO 2 + 4e —==== 2Na 2CO 3 + C D .标准状况下,每“呼出”22.4 L CO 2,转移电子数为0.75 mol4、(2017门头沟12).锌–空气燃料电池可用作电动车动力电源,电池的电解质溶液为KOH溶液,反应为2Zn+O 2+4OH –+2H 2O===2Zn(OH)24-。

下列说法正确的是A .充电时,电解质溶液中K +向阳极移动 B .充电时,电解质溶液中(OH )c -逐渐减小C .放电时,负极反应为:Zn+4OH –-2e –===Zn(OH)24-D .放电时,电路中通过2mol 电子,消耗氧气22.4L (标准状况)5、(2017石景山13)科学家用氮化镓材料与铜组装如图所示人工光合系统,利用该装置成功地实现了以CO 2和H 2O 合成CH 4。

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年高三上学期期中考试化学试题化学试题 Word版含答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年高三上学期期中考试化学试题化学试题 Word版含答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度高三年级第一学期期中统一考试化学试卷(满分:100分考试时间:90分钟)可能用到的相对原子质量:Mg 24第Ⅰ卷(选择题共42分)每小题只有一个选项符合题意,每小题3分,共14道小题,共42分1.2016年诺贝尔化学奖授予在合成分子机器领域做出贡献的三位科学家。

分子机器是一种特殊的超分子体系,当体系受到外在刺激(如pH 变化、吸收光子、电子得失等)时,分子组分间原有作用被破坏,各组分间发生类似于机械运动的某种热运动。

下列说法不正确...的是A.驱动分子机器时,需要对体系输入一定的能量B.分子状态的改变会伴随能量变化,属于化学变化C.氧化还原反应有可能是刺激分子机器体系的因素之一D.光照有可能使分子产生类似于机械运动的某种热运动2.下列物质与常用危险化学品的类别不对应...的是A.Na、K——遇湿易燃物品B.TNT、NH4NO3——爆炸品C.CH4、C2H5OH——易燃气体D.浓H2SO4、浓HNO3——腐蚀品3.下列物质的用途利用了其氧化性的是A.漂粉精用于消毒游泳池水B.SO2用于漂白纸浆C.Na2S用于除去废水中的Hg2+ D.FeCl2溶液用于吸收Cl24.下列添加剂中,其使用目的与反应速率有关的是A.火腿中添加防腐剂B.酸奶中添加增稠剂C.食盐中添加补碘剂D.酱油中添加补铁剂5.N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列说法正确的是A.1 mol甲醇分子中含有的共价键数为4 N AB.2.4 g镁在足量的氧气中燃烧,转移的电子数为0.1N AC.标准状况下,5.6 L二氧化碳气体中含有的氧原子数为0.5N AD.1 L 0.5 mol/L CH3COONa溶液中含有的CH3COO-数为0.5N A6.已知物质X、Y、Z之间存在如下转化关系,将装满气体Z的试管倒扣在水槽中,溶液最终充满约试管体积的2/3。

则X是A.Na B.S C.CH4D.NH37.如图为氟利昂(如CFCl3)破坏臭氧层的反应过程示意图,下列说法不正确...的是A.过程Ⅰ中断裂极性键C—Cl键B.过程Ⅱ可表示为O3 + Cl === ClO + O2C.过程Ⅲ中O + O === O2是吸热过程D.上述过程说明氟利昂中氯原子是破坏O3的催化剂8.联氨(N2H4)是一种应用广泛的化工原料,可用作火箭燃料。

2017_2018北京市东城区高三第一学期期末考化学试试题与答案

2017_2018北京市东城区高三第一学期期末考化学试试题与答案

2017~2018 学年度东城区第一学期期末考试2018. 1 可能用到的相对原子质量: H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 P31 Cl 35.5 S 32 第一部分选择题(共 42 分)本部分共 14 小题,每小题 3 分,共 42 分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1.中华民族的发明创造为人类文明进步做出了巨大贡献,下列没有..涉.及.化学反应的是2.生活中常用烧碱来清洗抽油烟机上的油渍(主要成分是油脂),下列说法不.正.确.的是A .油脂属于天然高分子化合物B .热的烧碱溶液去油渍效果更好C.清洗时,油脂在碱性条件下发生水解反应 D.烧碱具有强腐蚀性,故清洗时必须戴防护手套3.下列表述合理的是A .苯与乙炔的实验式均是 C2H 2B.H2O2 的电子式是 H+[:O :..O..:] 2-H+C.溴乙烷的比例模型是D.NH3﹒H2O 的电离方程式是 NH 3﹒H 2O== NH 4++OH -4.1352P是一种放射性核素,可治疗多种皮肤病。

下列有关该核素说确的是A. 1325P的摩尔质量是 32 B .3125P和3115P互称为同位素C.1mol 3152P含质子数约为 32×6.02 ×1023D.由质量数可以判断其在周期表的位置 5.下列说法不.正.确.的是A .蛋白质是生命的基础,是人类必需的营养物质B.维生素 C 又称抗坏血酸,新鲜蔬菜中富含维生素 CC.阿司匹林是常用的解热镇痛药,可以长期大量服用 D.葡萄糖是自然界中分布最广的单糖,在人体中发生氧化反应,放出能量6.药物利喘贝(结构如下)主要用于荨麻疹、皮肤瘙痒等病症的治疗,下列关于该有机物的说法不正确的是A .分子式是 C 18H 17O 5NB .一定存在顺反异构体C .一定能发生聚合反应D .一定能发生银镜反应7.下列说确的是A . Si 、P 、 S 、Cl 原子半径依次增大B .HF 、HCl 、 HBr 、HI 稳定性依次减弱C . C 、N 、O 、F 元素的最高正化合价依次升高D .NaOH 、Mg(OH) 2、 Al(OH) 3碱性依次增强 8. 下列事实对应的离子方程式不正.确..的是 A .用碳酸钠溶液处理锅炉中的硫酸钙水垢 :2- 2-CaSO 4(s)+CO 3 (aq) CaCO 3(s)+SO 4 (aq)B .用加热的方法降低自来水中钙离子浓度:Ca 2++2H CO -3CaCO 3 ↓ +H 2O+CO 2↑C .用醋酸清洗热水壶中的碳酸钙水垢:2H ++CaCO 3=== Ca 2++H 2O+CO 2↑D .用肥皂(主要成分 C 17H 35COONa )检验含有较多钙离子的硬水: 2C 17H 35COO —+Ca 2+=== (C 17H 35COO) 2Ca ↓ 9.下列实验装置正确且能达到实验目的的是A B CD实验 目的 检验溴乙烷的消 去产物 检验碳与浓 H 2SO 4 反应 的产物中含 CO 2验证铁的析氢腐 蚀 验证牺牲阳极的阴极保护法实验装置铁棒 滴加10.醌类化合物广泛存在于植物中,有抑菌、杀菌作用,可由酚类物质制备:列说法不 正确 的是 A .反应Ⅰ、Ⅱ均为氧化反应 B .对苯醌、萘醌均属于芳香化合物C .苯酚与萘酚含有相同官能团,但不互为同系物D .11.常温时,向 20mL 0.1 mol/L 的 CH 3COOH 溶液中逐滴滴加 0.1 mol/L 的 NaOH 溶液,滴 入 NaOH 溶液的体积与溶液 pH 的变化如图所示。

北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末考试——化学(化学)

北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末考试——化学(化学)

北京市朝阳区2018届高三上学期期末考试化学试题(满分:100分考试时间:90分钟)2018.1可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Cl 35.5第一部分(选择题共42分)每小题只有一个选项符合题意,共14道小题,每小题3分,共42分1.下列材料中属于有机高分子化合物的是A B C D发动机及起落架材料——钛合金航天服材料——涤纶战国初期的曾侯乙编钟——青铜器日常生活中的餐具——陶瓷2.下列说法不正确...的是A.属于糖类、油脂、蛋白质的物质均可发生水解反应B.乙酸和乙酸乙酯可用Na2CO3溶液加以区分C.室温下,在水中的溶解度:乙酸>苯酚>溴乙烷D.酚类物质具有还原性,有些可用作食品中的抗氧化剂3.中国科学院科研团队研究表明,在常温常压和可见光下,基于LDH(一种固体催化剂)合成NH3的原理示意图如右。

下列说法不正确...的是A.该过程将太阳能转化成为化学能B.该过程中,只涉及极性键的断裂与生成C.氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1∶3D.原料气N2可通过分离液态空气获得4.全世界每年因生锈损失的钢铁,约占世界年产量的十分之一。

一种钢铁锈蚀原理示意图如右,下列说法不正确...的是A.缺氧区:Fe-2e-=== Fe2+B .富氧区:O 2 + 2H 2O + 4e -=== 4OH -C .Fe 失去的电子通过电解质溶液传递给O 2D .隔绝氧气或电解质溶液均可有效防止铁生锈5.结合下表数据分析,下列关于乙醇、乙二醇的说法,不合理...的是 物质 分子式 沸点/℃ 溶解性 乙醇 C 2H 6O 78.5 与水以任意比混溶 乙二醇C 2H 6O 2197.3与水和乙醇以任意比混溶A .二者的溶解性与其在水中能够形成氢键有关B .可以采用蒸馏的方法将二者进行分离C .丙三醇的沸点应该高于乙二醇的沸点D .二者组成和结构相似,互为同系物6.在一定条件下发生下列反应,其中反应后固体质量增加的是A .氨气还原氧化铜B .二氧化锰加入过氧化氢溶液中C .次氯酸钙露置在空气中变质D .过氧化钠吸收二氧化碳 7.用下列实验装置完成对应的实验,能达到实验目的的是A .制取并收集少量氨气B .比较NaHCO 3和Na 2CO 3的热稳定性C .制取并检验乙烯D .比较盐酸、碳酸、硅酸的酸性强弱 8.下列解释事实的离子方程式不正确...的是 A .铝片放入NaOH 溶液中有气体产生:2Al + 2OH -+ 2H 2O===2AlO 2-+3H 2↑ B .向K 2Cr 2O 7溶液中滴加少量浓H 2SO 4,溶液橙色加深: Cr 2O 72-(橙色) + H 2O2CrO 42-(黄色) + 2H +C .向Na 2SiO 3溶液中通入过量CO 2制备硅酸凝胶:SiO 32-+ CO 2 + H 2O === H 2SiO 3(胶体)+ CO 32-D .用Na 2CO 3溶液浸泡锅炉水垢(含CaSO 4):CaSO 4 + CO 32-CaCO 3 + SO 42-硅酸钠溶液澄清石灰水9.根据元素周期律,由下列事实进行归纳推测,推测不合理...的是选项事实推测A Mg与冷水较难反应,Ca与冷水较易反应Be(铍)与冷水更难反应B Na与Cl形成离子键,Al与Cl形成共价键Si与Cl形成共价键C HCl在1500℃时分解,HI在230℃时分解HBr的分解温度介于二者之间D Si是半导体材料,同族的Ge是半导体材料ⅣA族元素的单质都是半导体材料10.微生物燃料电池在净化废水的同时能获得能源或得到有价值的化学产品,图1为其工作原理,图2为废水中Cr2O72-离子浓度与去除率的关系。

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语期中试卷及答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语期中试卷及答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期中统一考试英语试卷2017.11(考试时间100分钟满分120分)本试卷共10页。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分, 共15分)1. My grandfather is over eighty, ______ he still plays golf.A. forB. butC. soD. or2. —Peter, when shall we talk about our project, Wednesday or Thursday?—_______. I’ll be away in Paris the whole week.A. NoneB. EitherC. BothD. Neither3. People with disabilities are now doing many things ______ the quality of their lives.A. to improveB. improveC. improvedD. to have improved4. He has no idea what the book is about. He ______ have read it very carefully.A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. wouldn’t5. You’d better leave your credit cards at home ______ you know you’ll need them.A.onceB. unlessC. althoughD. since6. ––Will you accept their offer?––I ______ about it, but I haven’t decided yet.A. w ill thinkB. had thoughtC. was thinkingD. am thinking7. They stayed up all night chatting, ______ explains why they are sleepy this morning.A. whenB. whoC. whichD. where8. ______ in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we’re looking for.A. Having workedB. WorkingC. WorkedD. Having been worked9. He isn’t a child any longer, so my suggestion is ______ we should tell him the truth.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. which10. We hadn’t seen each other in thirty years, but I ______ her right away.A. recognizedB. recognizeC. had recognizedD. have recognized11. You can trust him. He is a man ______throughout the business field for his honesty.A. having knownB. to be knownC. knowingD. known12. ______ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.A. WhenB. ThatC. WhatD. Where13. If we _____ another road, we wouldn’t have been stuck in the traffic jam for so long.A. have takenB. had takenC. tookD. take14. The notice says that customers ______ not to take anything into the changing room.A. are requestedB. requestC. will requestD. are being requested15. —It’s certainly our fault.—Yes, I think we’d better discuss ______ the apology is to be made.A. thatB. whyC. whatD. how第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)As Dream Comes TrueI came from a poor family and was disabled. My dream was becoming a typist. I knew the employment field was a highly 16 place. It gave not only competition to a disabled job-seeker but also the unfriendly treatment from the physically healthy. They showed no 17 for the disabled and saw them as the back row of society.However, I 18 to sit in the back row. I filled in the information in the application form and wrote down 19 as my training course. When I 20 over the form to the interviewer, she looked at my body and then left to discuss with other members of the staff. When she returned, she advised me to 21 my choice. ―Why don’t you take up dressmaking 22 you can earn while at home?‖ She said. ―Offices prefer to 23 smartly dressed, pretty girls with beautiful hands,‖ she added.I knew I didn’t have those 24 . But I was determined to stay with my choice. ―I will be a really good typist,‖ I told her. She 25 me into the class to give me one month as a trial period to find out whether I could really 26 the course well. I tried my best to master the machine. Later I was allowed to 27 with the course after the trial period.On the fourth month, I became one of the five students who were 28 to do some typing jobs in the office. While I was taking every 29 to be neat and fast, my other companions spent their time talking and reading. I 30 half of the work given to all of us. More work came to me after this 31 . I was finally taken on as one of the typists after graduation. Having achieved my dream, I set out to achieve others. I worked and studied at the same time, which was no easy task. But the sacrifice proved 32 .Overcoming challenges gives me self-confidence. The challenges help strengthen my courage and build up my 33 attitude toward life. I think dreamers should keep 34 for their dreams until they get what they want in life. When they are 35 comfortably, they can sit back and tell the world, ―I did it alone.‖16. A. amusing B. developed C. popular D. competitive17. A. power B. desire C. respect D. doubt18. A. refused B. decided C. hesitated D. learned19. A. dressmaking B. typing C. editing D. engineering20. A. rolled B. looked C. knocked D. handed21. A. make B. change C. obtain D. present22. A. so B. but C. or D. until23. A. attract B. train C. hire D. follow24. A. talents B. backgrounds C. patterns D. qualifications25. A. elected B. admitted C. persuaded D. drove26. A. handle B. design C. teach D. provide27. A. help B. meet C. continue D. practice28. A. reminded B. warned C. convinced D. chosen29. A. care B. risk C. decision D. advantage30. A. returned B. left C. finished D. expected31. A. symbol B. test C. talk D. report32. A. rewarding B. harmless C. simple D. formal33. A. favorable B. aggressive C. conventional D. positive34. A. applying B. sending C. reaching D. waiting35. A. treated B. settled C. appointed D. exposed 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)36. Through the activity Open Farm Day, visitors can ______.A. act as local farmers for some timeB. learn the history of local agricultureC. communicate with the government officersD. know how the highest-quality food is produced37. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. all farms in Canada are open to the publicB. the event is well supported by the governmentC. people hope to have high-quality food in the futureD. Canada is the largest exporter of food products in the world38. What is the function of the last paragraph?A. To give more assistance to readers.B. To change the focus of the passage.C. To provide evidence for the passage.D. To attract the attention of the public.BTwo graduates from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom found themselves about to graduate, yet with loans (贷款) to pay off. The pair decided to begin a strange, year-long project to battle their debt.The men, Ross Harper and Edward Moyse, set up the website last October as a way to get rid of the £50,000 they shared as student loans. The idea behind the project was to earn money by selling their faces as advertising space every day for a year. Each day, they advertise a different business by painting the brand’s name or logo on to their faces and upload the pictures to the homepage of , adding a link to the advertiser’s website and including a short piece of text about it. After they paint their faces and publish them on the website, Harper and Moyse go out to highly populated areas such as music festivals and theme park s to maximize their faces’ exposure. They hope more people will pay attention to the advertisements on their faces.At this time, Harper and Moyse have advertised their faces for over four months without skipping a day and they’re more than halfway to their goal. Though they first started charging a minimum of about £1.60 per company, the prices have risen as their popularity increases. For advertising space during the rest of April, they range between £250 and £750.Terri L. Rittenburg, associate professor of marketing at the University of Wyoming, said that she had heard of people tattooing (纹身) logos on themselves before, but this idea is much better. According to her, at first the idea would be new and unusual and attract attention. People are interested in this particular style of advertisement and would like to try what they advertise. But she is unsure how long it would last.At least for now, companies that have bought Harper and Moyse’s faces have written positive comments on the pair’s website. ―We had a three percent increase in website traffic on the very day and for two days more afterwards,‖ said one of the companies.39. At , you can ______.A. enjoy a good chat with your friendsB. buy everything you want to haveC. share experiences in doing businessD. get information on certain goods40. Harper and Moyse go to highly populated areas to ______ .A. offer their helpB. make more friendsC. show their facesD. raise more money41. We can infer from the passage that the two young men ______.A. get on well with their projectB. work hard except on holidaysC. plan to open their own companyD. may close their website in future42. Why does the men’s idea of advertising prove to work?A. Because an expert has highly praised them.B. Because people find it unique and appealing.C. Because the products they advertise are reliable.D. Because they receive great help from businesses.CAre Happy Meals Really Happy?Don’t we all know a ―Happy Meal‖ when we see one—the famous boxed meal that includes a hamburger, kid-sized French fries, fruits and milk, served with a toy that’s extremely popular with children who love to collect them?A Happy Meal is a form of kids’ meal sold at a certain fast-food chain since 1979. A toy is included with the food, both of which are usually contained in a box or paper bag. However, collectors of these little toys will not get them any longer, since the company will replace toys with books, and each of these books will mainly pass on nutritional messages.Happy Meals are extremely popular with kids, especially for their collectable toys, when you consider that over 1.3 billion of these packages are sold each year! These packages have been very controversial. Health supporters believe that drawing kids to these meals with toys is a clever way of promoting unhealthy food choices. They see it as an advertising strateg y of ―catching its customers young‖—a move that has paid off very well for the fast food company.Child development experts say that food habits get formed in children by age six and continue through to their adult life. Fatty and sugary foods such as those served in Happy Meals are believed to play a big role in growing health problems such as obesity and diabetes. Public health care costs have gone up and untold amounts of money have been spent on caring for these health problems. On November 2, 2010, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a law requiring that children’s meals sold in restaurants must meet certain nutritional sta ndards before they could be sold with toys, to overcome the problem of childhood obesity—in other words, the State of California tried to ban the toys in Happy Meals. However, it was strongly opposed by some as being heavy-handed, and the ban was thrown out by the government.While some people believe that the fast-food company, with its large following of children, can create a powerful message through the books, others believe its actions are contradictory. Anyway, the company is trying to spread the message of nutrition while it is serving food that is anything but healthy.43. The aim of the question raised in Paragraph 1 is to ______.A. give a surprise to the toy loversB. get readers’ attention to the articleC. call on readers to buy boxed mealsD. make readers think about the answer44. Books will be added into Happy Meals to______.A. introduce the use of the toysB. increase the cost of the mealsC. help kids learn about nutritionD. spread the message of fast food45. According to Paragraph 3, Happy Meals ______.A. have achieved the desired resultB. help the customers stay youngC. cost more money than ordinary mealsD. receive approval from health supporters46. What is the author’s opinion about Happy Meals?A. They bring much fun to children.B. They teach children a lot about nutrition.C. They do no actual good to children’s health.D. They are popular with the young and the old.DCyclingYou need only look at a professional cyclist to appreciate the potential effects of cycling on the body. But what about the mind? It’s a question that has long challenged anyone who has wondered how riding a bike can offer what feels close to a state of emptying your mind.Dr. John Ratey thinks cycling increases ―the chemistry in your brain that makes you feel calm,‖ but also that carrying out multiple operations while cycling can be an effective treatment, as shown in a German study involving 115 children, half of whom did activities such as cycling that involved complex movements, while the rest performed more straightforward exercises with the same aerobic (有氧的) demands. Both groups did better than they previously had in concentration tests, but the ―complex‖ group did a lot better.There have been other interesting findings too. In 2003, Dr. Jay Alberts rode a tandem bicycle, a bicycle built for two riders sitting one behind the other, across the American state of Ohio with a friend who has Parkinson’s (帕金森) disease, a condition affecting the nervous system. The idea was to raise awareness of the disease, but to the surprise of both riders, the patient showed significant improvements. Dr. Jay Alberts then scanned the brains of 26 Parkinson’s patients during and after an eight-week exercise programme using bikes. Half the patients were allowed to ride at their own paces, while the others were pushed harder. All patients improved, and the group which was pushed harder showed particularly significant increases in connectivity between areas of intelligence responsible for functions such as walking and picking things up.We don’t know how this happens, but there is more evidence of the link between Parkinson’s and cycling. A video on the Internet shows a 58-year-old man with severe Parkinson’s. At first, we watch the patient trying to walk. He can barely stand and his hands shake uncontrollably. Then we see the man on a bicycle being supported by others. With a push, he’s off, cycling past cars with perfect balance. Doctors don’t fully understand this discrepancy either, but say that cycling may act as some sort of action that helped the patient’s brain.The science of cycling is incomplete, but perhaps the most remarkable thing for the everyday rider is that it can require no conscious focus at all. The mindlessness of cycling can not only make us happier, but also leave room for other thoughts. On the seat of my bike, I’ve solved problems at work and made life decisions, as, I’m sure, ha ve countless others.47. What does the study described in Paragraph 2 suggest?A. Cycling has a good effect on physical fitness.B. The tasks involved in cycling can be hard for children.C. Lack of exercise like cycling causes lack of concentration.D. Cycling can improve the ability to focus attention on a task.48. Studies of people with Parkinson’s show that ______.A. cycling does more good if sufferers put more effort into itB. cycling on tandem bikes has a better effect on the diseaseC. not every person with Parkinson’s will benefit from cyclingD. social awareness is more important for Parkinson’s sufferers49. What does the underlined part ―this discrepancy‖ in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. W hy Parkinson’s affects some people and not others.B. W hy someone with Parkinson’s can cycle but not walk.C. How cycling could be included in treatment for Parkinson’s.D. How a link b etween cycling and Parkinson’s was discovered.50. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. The effect of cycling is not yet fully understood.B. Cycling is believed to be both complex and mindless.C. Cycling has a significant influence on people’s mind.D. People may be more intelligent with the help of cycling.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年1月朝阳区高三化学期末试卷参考答案(1)

2018年1月朝阳区高三化学期末试卷参考答案(1)

北京市朝阳区2017~2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三年级化学学科试卷参考答案 2018.1(满分100分)第一部分 (选择题 共42分)选择题(每小题3分,共42分)15.(8分)(1)① 4NH 3+ 5O 2 ==== 4NO +6H 2O② 使用催化剂提高氨的催化反应的选择性 (其他答案合理给分) (2)① 2NH 3(g) + CO 2(g)CO(NH 2)2(l) + H 2O(l) ΔH= -102 kJ/mol② 升高温度,反应b 正向移动 ③ 14(2c 1v 1-c 2v 2)×10-3/a 16.(8分)(1);OH -+ H + === H 2O(2)除去残存的甲苯(3)减少苯甲酸钾结晶析出带来的损失(4)一定体积的乙醇中,配成60℃的饱和溶液,过滤,滤液倒入室温下一定量的水中17.(12分)(1)① 2Fe 3+ + Cu === 2Fe 2+ + Cu 2+② ⅰ.加入过量铁粉,过滤 ⅱ.Cl 2 (其他答案合理给分) (2)① 18-20② 加水后, ,CuCl + 2Cl -CuCl 32-平衡逆向移动,析出CuCl沉淀③ 4, 4, 4, 4 Cu(NH 3)42+,2H 2O (3)① Cu + H 2O 2 + 2H + === Cu 2+ +2H 2O② 20-30℃时,升高温度,腐蚀量有所增加,主要是因为温度升高使反应速率加快;30℃以上,升高温度,腐蚀量降低,主要时因为H 2O 2分解、NH 3挥发③ 加入足量HNO 3使沉淀溶解,在加入AgNO 3溶液,观察是否出现白色沉淀催化剂△18.(14分)(1)S2-+ H 2O HS-+ OH-(2)①试剂1:浓硝酸;试剂2:Ba(NO3)2溶液。

现象1:黑色沉淀溶解,有红棕色气体生成;现象2:生成白色沉淀②实验操作:加入浓氨水,过滤后,向滤液中滴加盐酸(答案合理给分)实验现象:滴加盐酸后,无明显现象(3)①pH=4的1⋅NaNO0.1 mol L-溶液3②a>b19.(16分)(1)丙烯(2)加成反应(3)a b(4)—COOH(5)(6)(或其他合理答案)(7)中间产物1:中间产物2:。

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末高三年级英语学科试卷附答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末高三年级英语学科试卷附答案

北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末高三年级英语学科试卷附答案北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三年级英语学科试卷(考试时间100分钟满分120分)本试卷共10页。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分, 共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. These fresh vegetables are easy to rot so you ______ eat them within two days.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. would2. ______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, theymoved to the front row.A. To watchB. WatchingC. WatchedD. Having watched3. He missed the worst of the traffic this morning, ______ he set out before 6 o’clock.A. butB. soC. forD. or4. ––Did you have to do much for the dinner party?––No, Tina ______ everything by the time I got home.A. has finishedB. had finishedC. would finishD. will finish5. Two blocks beyond the school is a field ______ we often played football during childhood.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. where6. My parents graduated from this university; that’s ______ I insisted on applying for it.A. whichB. whyC. whatD. where7. ––Why are you buying a new refrigerator?––The old one ______ so many times that it’s not worth it any more.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. has been repairedD. has been repairing8. A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably ______.A. neitherB. noneC. eitherD. both9. ––Can I give you a call on Saturday morning?––I think I ______ to the mountains, so call me on my cell phone.A. driveB. am drivingC. will driveD. will be driving10. What will you do if the people ______ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech?A. sittingB. sitC. satD. to sit11. Having a hobby is good for you. It doesn’t matter what it is _____ it drives you forward.A. as long asB. thoughC. unlessD. in order that12. ______ the characters leave unsaid is often more important than what they put into words.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhatD. How13. ––My car is making a really strange noise.––You’d better get it ______ before you drive to Denver.A. looking atB. looked atC. to look atD. being looked at14. I wish I ______ your advice then. In that case things might not be so bad.A. have takenB. tookC. had takenD. would have taken15. What’s touching about being a volunteer is seeing _____ helping brings out the best in people.A. whatB. whetherC. whyD. how第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题分,共30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

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