PEP人教版小学英语三年级下册《Unit 6 How many》分课时练习试题1
人教PEP版英语三年级下册《Unit6 How many》单元测试卷+答案
Unit 6综合能力测评时间:40分钟满分:100分Part1Speaking 说(15%)一、跟读下面的单词。
(5分)1.eleven 2.twelve 3.fifteen 4.twenty 5.sixteen 6.eighteen7.thirteen8.nineteen9.fourteen10.seventeen二、跟读下面的句子。
(5分)1.Look at the kites!2.Wow,so beautiful!3.The black one is a bird!4.Can you count with me?5.Open it and see!三、跟读下面的对话。
(5分)1.—How many fish do you see?—I see fifteen.2.—What's this?—It's a new toy car.3.—How many crayons do you have?—I have 16.4.—Let's have a race.—Good idea!5.—Look,I have 17!How many apples do you have?—Oh,no!I have only three!Part2Listening 听(30%)一、听录音,根据你所听到的内容给下列图片排序。
(5分)()()()()()二、听录音,判断下列句子与所听内容是(T)否(F)相符。
(5分)()1.I have fourteen fish.()2.I have three toy cars.()3.I have twenty flowers.()4.I have six boats.()5.I see seventeen elephants.三、听录音,判断下列图片与你所听到的内容是(T)否(F)相符。
(5分)()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.四、听录音,选择正确的答语。
小学三年级下册英语Unit 6 How many人教版练习题
A: No, 11. The black one is a______.
B: Oh.
【答案】:
【解析】:
图中的数字是______
【答案】:
【解析】:
读句子,将其与恰当的答句连线。
① How many book do you have? ______A. It"s on the desk.
B、How many pencils do you have?
【答案】:
【解析】:
—How many birds do you have?
—I have ________.
A、seventeen
B、twenty
C、eighteen
【答案】:
【解析】:
—How old are you?
—______________
14+1=______
【答案】:
【解析】:
单词归类,将字母序号填入横线上.
A. riceB. watermelon C. fifteen D. fish E. apple F. pop G. fourteen
H. eleven I. banana J. hamburger K. milk L. water
④eleven ______D.
⑤twelve______E.
【答案】:
【解析】:
图中的数字是______
【答案】:
【解析】:
阅读对话,完成判断
Lily: Look! I have some new pencils and new
crayons.
Mike:
Oh, how many new pencils do you have?
PEP人教版小学英语三年级下册Unit 6 How many 单元测试卷(附听力材料和答案)
人教PEP英语小学三年级下册Unit 6 How many? 单元测试卷听力部分一、Listen and number.听录音,按照听到的顺序给下列元音字母排序。
A. AaB. EeC. IiD. OoE. Uu正确顺序为:__________________二、Listen and write.听录音,填入所缺元音字母。
1. h_nd2. b_d3. f_x4. b_g5. d_ck三、Listen and write the numbers.认真听一听这些物品的实际数量是多少,把它们用阿拉伯数字写在横线上。
1. I have ________ cars.2. We have ________ balls.3. I see ________ caps.4. You have ________ kites.5. We see ________ crayons.四、Listen and choose.听一听,选出你听到的数字。
A. 12B. 17C. 13D. 15E. 19F. 18G. 14H. 11I. 16J. 20 _____________________________________________________________________ 五、Listen and match.听一听,连一连。
(1) A: How many eggs? A.B: Sixteen.(2) A: How many apples? B.B: Eighteen.(3) A: How many crayons? C.B: Fifteen.(4) A: How many bears? D.B: Thirteen.(5) A: How many bananas? E.B: Twelve.笔试部分一、Read and tick(√)or cross(×).读一读,判断下列图片的对错。
( ) 1. My name’s Bob.I’m a monkey. I have sixteen bananas.( ) 2. A: How many bees do you see?B: I see fifteen.( ) 3. I’m Ted. I have eight balloons.( ) 4. A: How many balloons do you have?B: Twelve.二、Look, count and choose.市场上多热闹呀!看一看,数一数,然后选出正确的答案。
人教版PEP三年级下册 Unit 6 How many C部分同步课时练(答案)
Unit 6 C部分同步课时练(1)一、单项选择。
()1. I _________ a new bog.A. hasB. haveC. is()2. How many _________ do you see?A. dogB. dogsC. a dog()3. Open _________ and see.A. itB. itsC. is()4. Wow! _________ so beautiful.A. ItsB. It'sC. It()5. _________ you have a new toy car?A. AreB. DoC. Does答案:B B A B B二、给下列对话选择对应的图片。
()1. -- How many pens do you have?-- I have eighteen.()2. -- Do you have fifteen balls?-- No, I have sixteen balls.()3. -- The ducks are so cute. How many?-- Twelve.()4. -- Can I use your crayon?-- OK. Twenty crayons. Choose(选择) one.A. B. C. D . 答案:B D A C三、连词成句。
1. erasers, many, do, you, how, have (?)__________________________________________2. see, I, can, black, three, birds (.)__________________________________________3.at, look, my, crayons, new (.)__________________________________________4. fly, kites, let's (.)__________________________________________答案:1.How many erasers do you have?2.I can see three black birds.3.Look at my new crayons.4.Let’s fly kites.四、将下列句子排列成一段完整的对话。
pep人教版三年级下册英语Unit 6 How many第六单元课课练同步练习一课一练含答案(6课时)
Unit 6 How many?课时练习(6课时)第一课时一、给下列图片选出合适的对话。
()1. ()2.()3. ()4.A. —How many ducks can you see?—I can see six.B. —How many apples can you see?—I can see seven.C. —How many pens can you see?—I can see four.D. —How many pencils can you see?—I can see eight.二、给下列汉语选出合适的翻译。
()1. 风筝 A. like B. kite()2. 美丽的 A. beautiful B. colourful()3. 小鸟 A. bird B. black()4. 看见 A. see B. eat()5. 有多少 A. how old B. how many三、选出画线部分的翻译。
()1. I see eleven birds. A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 ()2. I see fourteen birds. A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 ()3. There are thirteen fish. A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 ()4. I have nine books. A. 9 B. 10 C. 11参考答案一、1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D二、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B三、1. A 2. C 3. C 4. AUnit 6 How many?第二课时一、选出每组中不同类的一项。
()1. A. fifteen B. eleven C. bird()2. A. ten B. fly C. five()3. A. kite B. cat C. bird()4. A. thirteen B. brother C. twelve()5. A. black B. white C. fourteen二、数字连线。
人教版(PEP)三年级下册Unit 6 How many习题(含答案)
Unit 6 谈论物品的数量一、重点语音。
读一读, 找规律补全单词。
1. bag family2. six big3. under fun4. box dog5. desk ten二、重点词汇。
(英语互译)(一)数字类1. 十一2. 十二3. 十三4. 十四5. 十五6. 十六7. 十七8. 十八9. 十九10. 二十(二)其他1. kite ______________________________________________2. beautiful______________________________________________三、重点句子。
(汉译英)(一)询问对方看见了多少东西及其回答——你看见了多少个风筝呀?——我看见了十二个(风筝)。
(二)询问对方有多少东西及其回答——你有多少支蜡笔?——我有十六支(蜡笔)。
(三)其他1. 黑色的那个是只鸟!2. 打开看看!四、重点语法。
单项选择。
()1. —How many ____ do you see?—I ____ eighteen.A. fish;haveB. fishes;seeC. fish;see()2. —Have some____, please.—Thank you.A. fishB. fishesC. apple()3. —Look at the birds. I can see twelve.—No. The yellow ______is a kite.A. onesB. oneC. /五、情景交际。
(一)选择合适的问句。
(二)补全对话。
Amy: Hi, Sarah. 1. ________ Sarah: Wow, so beautiful. 2. ____ Amy: Guess!Sarah: Twelve?Amy: 3. ________Sarah: One, two, three. . . Amy: 4. ________Sarah: I see sixteen. 5. ________ Amy: That's right.Unit 6 谈论物品的数量一、二、(二)1.风筝 2.美丽的三、四、1.C 2.A some后面跟不可数名词或者可数名词复数。
人教PEP版英语三年级下册《unit6 How many》测试卷及答案
人教版(PEP)三年级下册《Unit6How many》单元测试卷一、听音,写出你所听到的大写或小写字母.(4分)1.(4分)二、听音,选出录音所读的单词、字母或数字,在()内打“√”(8分)2.(1分)A.monkeyB.mouse.3.(1分)A.elevenB.seven.4.(1分)A.twentyB.twelve.5.(1分)A.jeepB.jump.6.(1分)A.17B.27.7.(1分)A.CokeB.coffee.8.(1分)A.N JB.N G.9.(1分)A.hakB.hka.三、听音,按照录音所读的顺序,用大写字母给下列单词标号.(10分)10.(3分)doll ball balloon.11.(3分)mom dad man.12.(4分)green great black bird.四、听音,用阿拉伯数字写出下面图形的数量.(8分)13.(8分)14.(12分)六、听音,根据录音所读的内容,连成一个完整的句子.(8分)15.(8分)1.How many pencils can you see?2.How many cats do you have?3.Look at my my mother.4.She is new crayons.七、按字母表顺序,写出大小写字母,从Ee-Nn.(8分)16.(8分)按字母表顺序,写出大小写字母,从Ee﹣Nn.八、把相应的大小写字母连起来.(6分)17.(6分)九、看图,将相对应的单词和图片连线.(12分)18.(12分)十、根据<A>栏中的问句,在<B>栏中选出正确答语.(10分)19.(10分)<A><B>1.How many crayons do you have?A.Nice to meet you.2.Who's that girl?B.OK!3.How many birds can you see?C.I can see eleven.4.This is my new friend,Amy.D.I have ten.5.Let's fly the kite!E.She's my sister.十一、看图,根据图意选出正确的句子,将其字母编号填在()内.(10分)20.(10分)A.﹣Who's that man?﹣He's my father.B.I have thirteen books.C.J J J,jump,jump,jump.D.Let's fly the kite.E.﹣How many rulers do you have?﹣Fifteen.十二、用阿拉伯数字完成下列算式.(4分)21.(1分)three+nine=.22.(1分)+ten=sixteen.23.(1分)twenty﹣=eighteen.五、听音,判断下列各图是否与听到的内容一致,是的画,否则画.(12分)24.(1分)four+thirteen=.人教版(PEP)三年级下册《Unit6How many》单元测试卷参考答案与试题解析一、听音,写出你所听到的大写或小写字母.(4分)1.(4分)【考点】听录音填空.【分析】略【解答】g,L,H,j.二、听音,选出录音所读的单词、字母或数字,在()内打“√”(8分)2.(1分)A.monkeyB.mouse.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略3.(1分)A.elevenB.seven.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略4.(1分)A.twentyB.twelve.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略5.(1分)A.jeepB.jump.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略6.(1分)A.17B.27.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略7.(1分)A.CokeB.coffee.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略8.(1分)A.N JB.N G.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略9.(1分)A.hakB.hka.【考点】听录音选词.【分析】略【解答】略三、听音,按照录音所读的顺序,用大写字母给下列单词标号.(10分)10.(3分)doll ball balloon略.【考点】听录音排序.【分析】略【解答】略11.(3分)mom dad man略.【考点】听录音排序.【分析】略【解答】略12.(4分)green great black bird略.【考点】听录音排序.【分析】略【解答】略四、听音,用阿拉伯数字写出下面图形的数量.(8分)13.(8分)【考点】听录音填空.【分析】略【解答】1.(8)2.(15)3.(5)4.(20)14.(12分)【考点】听录音填空.【分析】略【解答】略六、听音,根据录音所读的内容,连成一个完整的句子.(8分)15.(8分)1.How many pencils略can you see?2.How many cats略do you have?3.Look at my略my mother.4.She is略new crayons.【考点】听录音选句.【分析】略【解答】略七、按字母表顺序,写出大小写字母,从Ee-Nn.(8分)16.(8分)按字母表顺序,写出大小写字母,从Ee﹣Nn.【考点】字母的书写.【分析】Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn.【解答】考查字母的书写.根据26个字母的顺序及其大小写:Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz,得知正确答案是:Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn..八、把相应的大小写字母连起来.(6分)17.(6分)【考点】字母的书写.【分析】M﹣m,A﹣a,H﹣h,I﹣i,J﹣j,L﹣l.【解答】答案:M﹣m,A﹣a,H﹣h,I﹣i,J﹣j,L﹣l.考查字母的书写.根据26个字母的顺序及大小写:Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz,得知正确答案是M﹣m,A﹣a,H﹣h,I﹣i,J﹣j,L﹣l.九、看图,将相对应的单词和图片连线.(12分)18.(12分)【考点】看图识词.【分析】kite风筝,ice cream冰淇淋,egg鸡蛋,girl女孩,kangaroo袋鼠,man男人.【解答】答案:kite连线风筝,ice cream连线冰淇淋,egg连线鸡蛋,girl连线女孩,kangaroo连线袋鼠,man连线男人.考查看图识词.kite风筝,ice cream冰淇淋,egg鸡蛋,girl女孩,kangaroo袋鼠,man 男人.一一对应连线即可.十、根据<A>栏中的问句,在<B>栏中选出正确答语.(10分)19.(10分)<A><B>1.How many crayons do you have?D A.Nice to meet you.2.Who's that girl?E B.OK!3.How many birds can you see?C C.I can see eleven.4.This is my new friend,Amy.A D.I have ten.5.Let's fly the kite!E.She's my sister.【考点】对话搭配.【分析】1﹣D.你有多少只蜡笔?我有十只.2﹣E.那个女孩是谁?她是我的妹妹.3﹣C.你看到多少只鸟?我看到十一只.4﹣A.这是我的新朋友艾米,见到你很高兴.5﹣B.我们去放风筝吧.好的.【解答】1﹣D.考查How many的用法,询问可数名词的数量,How many crayons do you have?表示你有多少蜡笔,用I have ten表示我有十只.故选D.2﹣E.考查Who的用法与意义,Who's that girl?那个女孩是谁,用She's my sister表示她是我妹妹,故选E..3﹣C.考查考查How many的用法,询问可数名词的数量,How many birds can you see?表示你能看到多少鸟,用I can see eleven表示我能看到十一只,故选C.4﹣A.考查This的用法与意义,This is my new friend,Amy表示这是我的新朋友,艾米,this is是介绍用语,可以用Nice to meet you表示见到你很高兴,故选A.5﹣B.考查Let's的建议表达,Let's fly the kite表示建议我们去放风筝吧,听者用OK表示支持与赞同,故选B.十一、看图,根据图意选出正确的句子,将其字母编号填在()内.(10分)20.(10分)A.﹣Who's that man?﹣He's my father.B.I have thirteen books.C.J J J,jump,jump,jump.D.Let's fly the kite.E.﹣How many rulers do you have?﹣Fifteen.【考点】看图作答.【分析】A.那个男人是谁?他是我的爸爸.B.我有13本书.C.JJJ,跳跳跳.D.让我们一起放风筝.E.你有多少把尺子?15把.【解答】答案:C E B A D.考查看图作答.图一关键词跳绳,jump,对应C选项.图二关键词:尺子数量为15把.对应E选项.图三关键词:书本book,对应B选项.图四中一个男人,对应A选项my father.图五关键词:放风筝,对应D选项fly a kite.因此正确的顺序是:C E B A D.十二、用阿拉伯数字完成下列算式.(4分)21.(1分)three+nine=twelve.【考点】加减乘除算式.【分析】3+9=12【解答】答案:twelve.该题考查加减法的运算.依据运算法则可知,3+9=12.故答案为:twelve.22.(1分)six+ten=sixteen.【考点】加减乘除算式.【分析】6+19=16【解答】答案:six.该题考查加减法的运算.依据运算法则可知,6+19=16.故填:six.23.(1分)twenty﹣two=eighteen.【考点】加减乘除算式.【分析】20﹣2=18【解答】答案:two.该题考查加减法的运算.依据运算法则可知,20﹣2=18,2英文是two.故填:two.五、听音,判断下列各图是否与听到的内容一致,是的画,否则画.(12分)24.(1分)four+thirteen=seventeen.【考点】加减乘除算式.【分析】4+13=17.【解答】答案:seventeen.该题考查加减法的运算.依据运算法则可知,4+13=17.故填:seventeen.。
人教PEP版英语三年级下册《Unit6 How many》单元测试卷及答案
人教版(PEP)三年级上册《Unit6How many?》单元测试卷满分:100分时间:60分钟得分:听力部分一、听录音,选出单词。
(10分)()1.A.six B.sixteen C.sixty()2.A.fifteen B.five C.fifty()3.A.two B.twelve C.twenty()4.A.thirteen B.fourteen C.fifteen()5.A.apple B.pear C.banana二、听录音,给图片排序。
(10分)()()()()()三、听录音,判断图片与内容是(T)否(F)相符。
(10分)1. 2. 3.()()()4. 5.()()四、听录音,给下列句子排序。
(10分)()My toy box.()Open it and see.()What’s that?()1,2…15.You have fifteen.()How many toys do you have?笔试部分五、选出下列单词中画线部分发音不同的一项。
(10分)()1.A.run B.fun C.student()2.A.fifteen B.kite C.thin()3.A.fat B.banana C.map()4.A.brother B.orange C.on()5.A.she B.eleven C.he六、选出下列单词中不同类的一项。
(10分)()1.A.three B.fourteen C.face()2.A.big B.girl C.beautiful()3.A.thirteen B.tail C.nose()4.A.watermelon B.twenty C.two()5.A.buy B.chair C.desk七、选择正确的答案。
(20分)()1.kites do you see?A.How manyB.HowC.How old()2.this?A.How’reB.What’sC.How is()3.Look the giraffe!A.inB.onC.at()4.I have balls.A.aB.oneC.twelve()5.It’s beautiful.A.soB.andC.under()6.Ten and five makes.A.sixteenB.fifteenC.fourteen()7.We have twenty.A.chairB.the chairC.chairs()8.How many cars you have?A.doB.areC.is()9.The red is a car!A.aB.oneC./()10.I thirteen pears.A.havesB.haveC.has八、给下列句子选择对应的答语。
人教版三年级英语下册(三起点)Unit6Howmany分课时练习
第一课时一、给下列图片选出合适的对话。
()1. ()2.()3. ()4.A. —How many ducks can you see?—I can see six.B. —How many apples can you see?—I can see seven.C. —How many pens can you see?—I can see four.D. —How many pencils can you see?—I can see eight.二、给下列汉语选出合适的翻译。
()1. 风筝 A. like B. kite()2. 美丽的 A. beautiful B. colourful()3. 小鸟 A. bird B. black()4. 看见 A. see B. eat()5. 有多少 A. how old B. how many三、选出画线部分的翻译。
()1. I see eleven birds. A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 ()2. I see fourteen birds. A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 ()3. There are thirteen fish. A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 ()4. I have nine books. A. 9 B. 10 C. 11参考答案一、1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D二、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B三、1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A第二课时一、选出每组中不同类的一项。
()1. A. fifteen B. eleven C. bird()2. A. ten B. fly C. five()3. A. kite B. cat C. bird()4. A. thirteen B. brother C. twelve()5. A. black B. white C. fourteen二、数字连线。
人教PEP版英语三年级下册一课一练-Unit6Howmany课时4含答案(1)
Unit 6 How many?Part B (2) Let’s learn& Let’s chant基础巩固一、根据汉语意思,选正确的单词。
( )1. 二十 A. twelv e B. twenty( )2. 十三 A. thirteen B. fourteen( )3. 风筝 A. bird B. kite( )4. 多少 A. how much B. how many( )5. 手指 A. finger B. toe二、判断下列划线部分发音是否相同,相同的写“T”,不同的写“F”。
( )1. A. kite B. like C. fifteen( )2. A. seven B. twelve C. twenty( )3. A. crayon B. have C. many( )4. A. under B. up C. pupil( )5. A. open B. so C. nose三、单项选择。
( )1. So many _____.A. a kiteB. ballC. crayons( )2. How ______ cars do you have?A. muchB. manyC. some( )3. Can you count ________ me?A. withB. toC. for( )4. Ten ____ eight makes eighteen.A. timesB. andC. are( )5. Four times five makes ______.A. eighteenB. nineteenC. twenty四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. How many ______(fish) do you see?2. I have ten ______(crayon).3. Three times five ______(make) fifteen.4. Please tell _____(I).5. Let’s ______(have) a race.五、选择正确的翻译。
人教版PEP三年级下册 Unit 6 How many A部分同步课时练(答案)
Unit 6 A部分同步课时练(1)一、单项选择。
()1. -- How many _________ do you see?-- I see 5.A. kiteB. birdC. kites()2. -- Look _________ my new bag.-- It's nice.A. atB. inC. on()3. -- The red one is _________ bird.-- Yes. It's cute.A. /B. aC. an答案:C A B二、根据对话内容,圈出相应数量的物品或动物。
1. -- How many bears do you see?-- I see five.2. -- How many birds do you see?-- I see six.3. -- How many oranges do you see?-- I see twelve.答案:1. 圈出5只熊 2. 圈出六只鸟 3. 圈出十二个橙子三、连词成句。
1. birds, look, the, at (.)__________________________________________ 2. pencils, see, how, do, many, you (?)__________________________________________ 3. bird, is, the, black, one, a (.)__________________________________________ 答案:1.Look at the birds.2.How many pencils do you see?3.The black one is a bird.四、读一读,选择合适的句子补全对话。
A: 1. _________B: It's my new pencil box.A: 2. _________B: Open it and see.A: 3. _________B: No. I only have four pencils. 4. _________A: Oh, yes. Four pencils.答案:B D C A五、阅读对话,选择正确的答案。
英语三年级下册Unit 6 How many人教版练习题
找出下列选项中与其他两个不同类的单词( )
A、seventeen
B、nineteen
C、fourteen
D、student
【答案】:
【解析】:
你想问:“你看见了多少条鱼?”时,应这样说:( )
A、How many fish do you have?
B、How many fish can you see?
【答案】:
【解析】:
Wow! So many strawberries!
A、哇!好多草莓啊!
B、哇!都是草莓啊!
【答案】:
【解析】:
找出下列选项中与其他两个不同类的单词( )
A、kite
B、car
C、small
D、boat
【答案】:
【解析】:
你有多少支蜡笔?
A、How many crayons do you have?
nineteen______
twenty______
【答案】:
【解析】:
【答案】:
【解析】:
How many ________ do you have?
A、ruler
B、rulers
C、a ruler
【答案】:
【解析】:
当你想问同学有多少本书时,你应该如何问呢?( )
A、How many books do you have?
B、How many books can you see?
B、How many dogs do you see?
【答案】:
【解析】:
Ksmall
【答案】:
【解析】:
China
A、
B、
【答案】:
三年级英语下册试题 unit6 How many 人教版(PEP)(含答案及解析)
三年级英语下册试题unit6 How many 人教版(PEP)(含答案及解析)一、单选题(共5题)1.How many ________ do you have?A.rulerB.rulersC.a ruler2.—Let's have a race!—______________A.Good idea!B.Goodbye!C.Yes, I do.3.I have eleven _______________.A.pensB.rulerC.bag4.How many ____________ do you see?A.fishingB.fishesC.fish5.—________ apples do you see?—I see fourteen.A.How muchB.How manyC.What colour二、填空题(共3题)6.选择恰当的答语。
⑴How many pears do you see?________ A. OK.⑵Let's read a book.________ B. I have 20.⑶Look at my new toy car.________ C. Oh, how beautiful!⑷How many eggs do you have?________ D. I see 12.⑸Can you count with me?________ E. Sure. 1, 2, 3. . .7.句子排序。
(________) Wow! How many books do you have?(________) Thank you.(________) Look at my new books!(________) I have fourteen books.(________) Cool! And your books are good!8.匹配填空。