2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
2014【考研数三】真题及解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...指定位置上. (1)设lim ,n a a =且0,a ≠则当n 充分大时有( ) (A )2n aa >(B )2n a a <(C )1n a a n >-(D )1n a a n<+(2)下列曲线有渐近线的是( ) (A )sin y x x =+ (B )2sin y x x =+(C )1siny x x =+ (D )21sin y x x=+(4)设函数()f x 具有二阶导数,()(0)(1)(1)g x f x f x =-+,则在区间[0,1]上( ) (A )当'()0f x ≥时,()()f x g x ≥ (B )当'()0f x ≥时,()()f x g x ≤ (C )当'()0f x ≤时,()()f x g x ≥ (D )当'()0f x ≤时,()()f x g x ≥(5)行列式0000000ab a bcd cd =(A )2()ad bc - (B )2()ad bc -- (C )2222a dbc - (D )2222b c a d -(6)设123,,a a a 均为3维向量,则对任意常数,k l ,向量组1323,k l αααα++线性无关是向量组123,,ααα线性无关的(A )必要非充分条件 (B )充分非必要条件 (C )充分必要条件(D )既非充分也非必要条件(7)设随机事件A 与B 相互独立,且P (B )=0.5,P(A-B)=0.3,求P (B-A )=( ) (A )0.1 (B )0.2 (C )0.3 (D )0.4(8)设123,,X X X 为来自正态总体2(0,)N σ服从的分布为 (A )F (1,1) (B )F (2,1) (C )t(1) (D )t(2)二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸...指定位置上. (9)设某商品的需求函数为402Q P =-(P 为商品价格),则该商品的边际收益为_________。
计算机组织与结构复习题 带参考答案
二、选择题1.世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC中使用的基本元器件是()。
A.机械装置C.晶体管D.集成电路2.现代计算机中使用的基本元器件是()。
A.电子管B.晶体管C.SSI和MSI3.按照1989年IEEE科学巨型机委员会提出的运算速度分类法,计算机种类中不包括()。
A.巨型机B.小型机D.微型机4.运算器中一般应包含()。
B.ALU和IRC.ALU和DR D.ALU和AR5.冯·诺依曼计算机工作方式的基本特点是()。
A.多指令流单数据流B.多指令流多数据流C.堆栈操作二、选择题1.在机器数中,()的零的表示形式是唯一的。
A.原码C.反码D.原码和反码2.计算机系统中采用补码表示及运算的原因是()。
A.与手工运算方式保持一致B.提高运算速度D.提高运算的精度3.设某机器采用8位补码定点数表示,其中符号位1位,数值位7位,则二进制10000000表示的十进制数为()。
A.127 B.128 C.-1274.某机器字长32位,采用定点整数表示,符号位为1位,尾数为31位,则可表示的最大正整数和最小负整数分别为()。
A.+(231-1)和-(1-2-32)B.+(230-1)和-(1-2-32)D.+(230-1)和-(2-31-1)5.在定点二进制运算器中,减法运算一般是通过()来实现的。
A.原码运算的二进制减法器B.补码运算的二进制减法器C.补码运算的十进制加法器6.在浮点加减运算的对阶中,遵循小阶对大阶的原因是()。
B.损失的位数少C.不容易产生溢出D.都不是7.若x=103,y=-25,则下列表达式采用8位定点补码运算实现时,会发生溢出的是( ) (2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试计算机学科专业基础综合试题)A.x+y B.-x+y D.-x-y8.float型整数据常用IEEE754单精度浮点格式表示,假设两个float型变量x 和y分别在32为寄存器f1和f2中,若(f1)=CC900000H, (f2)=B0C00000H,则x和y之间的关系为( ) (2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试计算机学科专业基础综合试题)B.x<y且符号不同C.x>y且符号相同D.x>y且符号不同9.某字长为8位的计算机中,已知整型变量x、y 的机器数分别为[x]补=11110100,[y]补=10110000。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 经济类专业学位联考综合能力试题
法抵抗辐射,微力学有望开发一种芯片,它可以免受辐射损害。 因为它仅使用精微机械开关,但 这种开关比电子开关的开关速度慢,而且一个芯片只包含 12000 个开关。 基于上述关于微力学
E.污染仍存在,但其性质发生改变,鲑鱼能忍受这种改变后的污染。 5.由微小硅片构成的电脑芯片通常包含数百万的电子开关,电子开关是如此小以至于它无
销售量。 但是,酒是个例外,一种酒的价格上涨常常导致其销量增加,即使酒本身并没有任何 改变。 B.许多顾客在决定买哪种酒时是基于书或期刊中关于酒的评论。 C.顾客在商场里选购酒时常常以酒的价格作为评判酒的质量的主要参考依据。 以下哪项如果为真,最有助于解释上述所说的例外? A.零售市场上存在极具竞争力的多个品牌的酒。
里创作的要少。
的皮肤癌病例每年都保持相对稳定的数量,即使与 20 年前盛行晒太阳相比,现在特意将自己 暴晒于太阳下的成年人要少得多。 B.继续特意在太阳底下暴晒的人比过去太阳浴者吸收更大剂量的有害放射物。 C.来自于太阳以外的紫外线辐射量逐年增加。 D.尽管现在更少的女性特意在太阳下暴晒,但这样做的男性人数显著增长。 E.大多数皮肤癌同患者病症发作前 30 年经常暴露于紫外线下相关。 以下每项如果为真都可解释上述统计数字上的差异,除了: A.因为大气层顶层臭氧含量减少,现在更多的人都将无意识地暴露在过量的太阳紫外线下。
统,物理学论文报导这种实验结果时,每个实验室的参与人员也通常是论文作者。 如果上述为真,下面哪一项一定为真? A.涉及多个医院病人的临床实验绝不是仅由一个医院的医生实施。 B.涉及多个医院病人的临床实验报告,大多数有多位作者。 C.如果一篇科技论文有多位作者,他们通常来自不同的科研机构。 D.多个实验室的研究人员共同署名的物理学论文,通常报导使用了每个实验室开展的子 系统的实验结果。 E.大多数科技论文的作者仅是那些做了论文所报导的实验的科研人员。 2.对一群以前从不吸烟的青少年进行追踪研究,以确定他们是否吸烟及其精神健康状态的 变化。 一年后,开始吸烟的人患忧郁症的人数是那些不吸烟的人患忧郁症的四倍。 因为香烟中 的尼古丁令大脑发生化学变化,可能因而影响情绪。 所以,吸烟很可能促使青少年患忧郁症。 下面哪项如果为真,最能加强上述论证? A. 研究开始时就已患忧郁症的实验参与者与那时候那些没有患忧郁症的实验参与者,一 年后吸烟者的比例一样。 B.这项研究没有在参与者中区分偶尔吸烟与烟瘾很大者。 C.研究中没有或者极少的参与者是朋友亲戚关系。 D.在研究进行的一年里,一些参与者开始出现忧郁症而后又恢复正常了。 E.研究人员没有追踪这些青少年的酒精摄入量。 3.康和制药公司主任认为, 卫生部要求 开 发 的疫苗 的开 发 费用 该 由政府资助 , 因 为疫苗 市场比任何其他药品公司市场利润都小。 为支持 上述主张 ,主任给出下 列理由: 疫苗的 销量 小,因为疫苗的使用是一个人一次,而治疗疾病尤其是慢性疾病的药物,对每位病人的使用是 多次的。 下列哪项如果为真,将最严重地削弱该主任提出的针对疫苗市场的主张的理由? A.疫苗的使用对象比大多数其他药品的使用对象多。 B.疫苗所预防的许多疾病都可以由药物成功治愈。 C.药物公司偶尔销售既非医学药品也非疫苗的产品。 D.除了康和制药公司外,其他制药公司也生产疫苗。 E.疫苗的使用费不是由生产疫苗的制药公司承担。 — 1 —
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试政治真题答案及解析(完整版)
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试政治真题答案及解析(完整版)一、单项选择题。
1~16小题,每小题1分,共16分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.【答案】B【答案解析】本题考查的是认识过程的反复性。
人们对于一个复杂事物的认识往往要经由感性认识到理性认识、再由理性认识到实践的多次反复才能完成。
这是因为在认识过程中始终存在着主观和客观的矛盾。
在自然科学的发展中,对于某一自然现象的认识,往往需要经过实践、认识、再实践、再认识的多次反复,才能形成比较科学的实验。
爱迪生之所以说“我一次都没有失败”,是因为他把每一次实验都看作整个实践过程中的一部分。
所以,B选项正确。
2.【答案】C【答案解析】自然规律与社会规律之间有一定联系,也有区别。
两者之间的区别主要表现在:自然规律是作为一种盲目的无意识的力量起作用,社会规律则是通过抱有一定目的和意图的人的有意识的活动实现的。
在社会规律中,既存在客观制约主观的关系,又存在着主观制约客观的关系。
自然规律只要具备了同样的客观物质条件就可以完全相同的形式反复出现,社会规律则是历史的,在不同的社会、国家、民族以及不同的历史阶段都有不同的表现形式。
所以,C选项正确。
自然规律和社会规律都具有重复性以及不以人的意志为转移的客观性,所以AB选项错误,从认识论的角度讲,自然规律和社会规律的认识难度无法比较,所以D选项错误。
3.【答案】B【答案解析】社会再生产的核心问题是社会总产品的实现问题,即社会总产品的价值补偿和实物补偿问题。
社会再生产顺利进行,要求生产中所耗费的资本在价值上得到补偿。
产品积压意味着商品生产者没有完成商品交换,没有得到商品的价值,也就无法实现其生产过程中的价值补偿,所以导致企业倒闭。
所以,B选项正确。
4.【答案】C【答案解析】当代资本主义新变化的原因主要有:首先,科学技术革命和生产力的发展,是资本主义变化的根本推动力量;其次,工人阶级争取自身权利和利益斗争的作用,是推动资本主义变化的力量;再次,社会主义制度初步显示的优越性对资本主义产生了一定影响;最后,主张改良主义的政党对资本主义制度的改革,也对资本主义的变化发挥了重要作用。
2014.10全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考逻辑考试真题
2014年十月全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考逻辑试题三、逻辑推理:第26~55小题,每小题2分,共60分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。
26. 许多孕妇都出现了维生素缺乏的症状,但这通常不是由于孕妇的饮食中缺乏维生素,而由于腹内婴儿的生长使他们比其他人对维生素有更高的需求。
以下哪项对于评价上述结论最为重要?(A)对一些不缺乏维生素的孕妇的日常饮食进行检测,确定其中维生素的含量。
(B)对日常饮食中维生素足量的孕妇和其他妇女进行检测,并分别确定她们是否缺乏维生素。
(C)对日常饮食中维生素不足量的孕妇和其他妇女进行检测,并分别确定她们是否缺乏维生素。
(D)对一些缺乏维生素的孕妇的日常饮食进行检测,确定其中维生素的含量。
(E)对孕妇的科学食谱进行研究.以确定有利于孕妇摄入足量维生素的最佳食谱。
27. 教育制度有两个方面,一是义务教育,一是高等教育。
一种合理的教育制度,要求每个人都享有义务教育的权利并且有通过公平竞争获得高等教育的机会。
以上断定能够得出以下哪项结论?(A)一种不能使每个人都能上大学的教育制度是不合理的。
(B)一种保证每个人都享有义务教育的教育制度是合理的。
(C)一种不能使每个人都享有义务教育权利的教育制度是不合理的。
(D)合理的教育制度还应该有更多的要求。
(E)一种能使每个人都有公平机会上大学的教育制度是合理的。
28. 对交通事故的调查发现,严查酒驾的城市和不严查酒驾的城市,交通事故发生率实际上是差不多的。
然而多数专家还是认为:严查酒驾确实能降低交通事故的发生。
以下哪项对消除这种不一致最有帮助?(A)严查酒驾的城市交通事故发生率曾经都很高。
(B)实行严查酒驾的城市并没有消除酒驾。
(C)提高司机的交通安全意识比严格管理更为重要。
(D)除了严查酒驾外,对其它交通违章也应该制止。
(E)小城市和大城市交通事故的发生率是不一样的。
29. 在乌克兰当局协调小组明斯克会谈前夕,“顿涅茨克人民共和国”和“卢甘斯克人民共和国”发表人宣布了自己的谈判立场:如果乌克兰当局不承认其领土和俄语的特殊地位,并且不停止其在东南部的军事行动,就无法解决冲突。
全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an___4___ of good health。
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity,___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题一、A型题:1~90小题,每小题1.5分;91~120小题,每小题2分;共195分。
在每小题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中,请选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1生理.下列生理功能活动中,主要通过神经反射而完成的调节是A.正常人体的生长与发育过程 B.育龄期女性月经周期的正常进行C.肢体在受伤害性刺激时的回撤动作 D.餐后血糖很快恢复正常水平的过程神经调节是通过反射而影响生理功能的一种调节方式,是人体生理功能调节中最主要的形式。
反射是指机体在中枢神经系统的参与下,对内、外环境刺激所作出的规律性应答。
例如肢体被火灼痛(伤害性刺激)时立即回撤的动作就是一种反射。
反射的结构基础是反射弧,由感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器五个部分组成。
2生理.葡萄糖在肾小管管腔面被重吸收的跨膜转运方式是A.经通道易化扩散 B.原发性主动转运C.继发性主动转运 D.入胞作用继发性主动转运是指驱动力并不直接来自ATP的分解,而是来自原发性主动转运所形成的离子浓度梯度而进行的物质逆浓度梯度和(或)电位梯度的跨膜转运方式。
葡萄糖在小肠黏膜上皮和在近端肾小管上皮的主动吸收就是一个典型的继发性主动转运。
它是由Na+-葡萄糖同向转运体和钠泵的耦联活动而完成的。
跨质膜的Na+-H+交换、Na+-Ca2+交换、Na+-K+-C1-同向转运、氨基酸在小肠黏膜上皮被吸收和在肾小管上皮被重吸收、甲状腺上皮细胞的聚碘、突触囊泡从胞质中摄取单胺类递质等都属于继发性主动转运。
3生理.下列情况下,能加大神经细胞动作电位幅度的是A.增大刺激强度 B.延长刺激持续时间C.降低细胞膜阈电位D.增加细胞外液中Na+浓度当某种离子跨膜扩散时,它受到来自浓度差和电位差的双重驱动力,两个驱动力的代数和称为该离子的电-化学驱动力。
当电位差驱动力增加到与浓度差驱动力相等时,电-化学驱动力即为零,此时该离子的净扩散量为零,膜两侧的电位差便稳定下来。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题及解析.doc
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题及解析一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每题给出四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项的字母填在答题纸指定位置上。
(1)下列曲线中有渐近线的是 (A )sin y x x =+.(B)2sin y x x =+.(C)1sin y x x =+.(D)21sin y x x=+.【解析】1sin()11lim lim lim(1sin )1x x x x f x x a x x x x→∞→∞→∞+===+= 11lim[()]lim[sin ]limsin 0x x x b f x ax x x x x→∞→∞→∞=-=+-==∴y=x 是y=x +1sin x的斜渐近线【答案】C(2)设函数()f x 具有2阶导数,()()()()011g x f x f x =-+,则在区间[0,1]上( ) (A)当0f x '≥()时,()()f x g x ≥. (B)当0f x '≥()时,()()f x g x ≤ (C)当0f x '≥()时,()()f x g x ≥.(D)当0f '≥时,()()f x g x ≤【解析】当() 0f x "≥时,()f x 是凹函数而()g x 是连接()()0,0f 与()1,1f ()的直线段,如右图 故()() f x g x ≤ 【答案】D(3)设(),f x y是连续函数,则110(,)ydy f x y -=⎰⎰(A)11110(,)(,)x dx f x y dy dx f x y dy --+⎰⎰⎰.(B)1101(,)(,)xdx f x y dy dx f x y dy --+⎰⎰⎰⎰.(C )112cos sin 02(cos ,sin )(cos ,sin ).d f r r dr d f r r dr ππθθπθθθθθθ++⎰⎰⎰⎰(D )112cos sin 02(cos ,sin )(cos ,sin ).d f r r rdr d f r r rdr ππθθπθθθθθθ++⎰⎰⎰⎰【解析】积分区域如图 0≤y ≤1.1x y ≤≤-用极坐标表示,即:D 1:,012r πθπ≤≤≤≤ D 2: 10,02cos sin r πθθθ≤≤≤≤+【答案】D (4)若{}2211,(cos sin )(cos sin )mina b Rx a x b x dx x a x b x dxππππ--∈--=--⎰⎰,则11cos sin a x b x +=(A )2sin x π.(B)2cos x .(C) 2sin x π. (D)2cos x π. 【解析】令2(,)(cos sin )Z a b x a x b x dx ππ-=--⎰2(cos sin )(cos )0(1)2(cos sin )(sin )0(2)a b Z x a x b x x dx Z x a x b x x dx ππππ--⎧'=---=⎪⎨'=---=⎪⎩⎰⎰由(1)得 202cos 0axdx π=⎰故10,0a a ==由(2)得 0120sin 22sin x xdx b b xdxππ===⎰⎰【答案】A(5)行列式00000000a b abc d c d= (A )(ad-bc )2(B )-(ad-bc )2。
(完整word版)2014年西医综合考研试题+解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题一、A型题:1~90小题,每小题1。
5分;91~120小题,每小题2分;共195分。
在每小题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中,请选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1.下列生理功能活动中,主要通过神经反射而完成的调节是A.正常人体的生长与发育过程 B.育龄期女性月经周期的正常进行C.肢体在受伤害性刺激时的回撤动作 D.餐后血糖很快恢复正常水平的过程2.葡萄糖在肾小管管腔面被重吸收的跨膜转运方式是A.经通道易化扩散 B.原发性主动转运C.继发性主动转运 D.入胞作用3.下列情况下,能加大神经细胞动作电位幅度的是A.增大刺激强度 B.延长刺激持续时间C.降低细胞膜阈电位 D.增加细胞外液中Na+浓度4.红细胞在流经狭小毛细血管和血窦时不易被挤破,最主要的原因是A.红细胞呈双凹圆碟形 B.红细胞内的黏度较高C.红细胞膜的弹性较好 D.此处的血流速度缓慢5.下列凝血因子中,需要维生素K参与其合成的是A.因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅲ、因子Ⅷ、因子Ⅻ B.因子Ⅱ、因子Ⅶ、因子Ⅸ、因子ⅩC.因子Ⅲ、因子Ⅶ、因子Ⅹ、因子Ⅺ D.因子Ⅴ、因子Ⅷ、因子Ⅸ、因子Ⅺ6.心率过快时,心输出量减少的主要原因是A.心房收缩期缩短 B.等容收缩期缩短C.等容舒张期缩短 D.心室充盈期缩短7.在体循环中,血压下降幅度最为显著的血管部位是A.中动脉 B.小动脉C.毛细血管 D.静脉8.哮喘发作时,1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)的检查结果是A.FEV1减小,FVC基本不变,FEV1/FVC减小B.FEV1基本不变,FVC减小,FEV1/FVC增大C.FEV1和FVC均减小,FEV1/FVC基本不变D.FEV1和FVC均增大,FEV1/FVC基本不变9.肺泡内O2向肺毛细血管扩散,肺毛细血管内CO2向肺泡扩散的决定因素是A.气体的分子量 B.气体的溶解度C.气体的分压差 D.气体的扩散系数10.在给肺心病患者应用氧疗时,宜予吸入气体的氧浓度是A.15%~20% B.23%~30%C.80%~85% D.95%~100%11.迷走神经节后纤维兴奋引起胃幽门部胃泌素分泌的神经递质是A.乙酰胆碱 B.三磷酸腺苷C.蛙皮素 D.一氧化氮12.胆汁在小肠内促进脂肪消化与吸收的主要作用机制是A.胆盐对脂肪的乳化作用 B.所含脂肪酶的脂肪分解作用C.碳酸氢盐对胃酸的中和作用 D.直接刺激肠上皮细胞吸收作用13.下列食物消化产物中,经小肠黏膜绒毛中毛细淋巴管吸收的是A.葡萄糖及其他单糖 B.各种氨基酸及寡肽C.短链脂肪酸和甘油一酯 D.长链脂肪酸和甘油一酯14.下列情况下,呼吸商测定值接近于0。
2014年考研数学三真题及答案解析
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全国硕士研究生2014年199管理类联考入学统一考试真题
全国硕士研究生2014年199管理类联考入学统一考试真题一、问题求解:第1—15小题,每小题3分,共45分.下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1.某部门在一次联欢活动中共设了26个奖,奖品均价为280元,其中一等奖单价为400元,其他奖品价格为270元,一等奖的个数为( )(A) 6个 (B)5个 (C)4个 (D)3个 (E)2个2.某单位进行办公室装修,若甲、乙两个装修公司合作做,需10周完成,工时费为100万元,甲公司单独做6周后由乙公司接着做18周完成,工时费为96万元,甲公司每周的工时费为( )(A) 7.5万元 (B)7万元 (C)6.5万元 (D)6万元 (E)5.5万元3.如图1.已知3AE AB =,2BF BC =,若ABC ∆的面积为2,则AEF ∆的面积为( )(A)14 (B)12 (C)10 (D)8 (E)6图14.某容器中装满了浓度为90%的酒精,倒出1升后用水将容器充满,搅拌均匀后倒出1升,再用水将容器注满,已知此时的酒精浓度为40%,则该容器的容积是( )(A)2.5升 (B)3升 (C)3.5升 (D)4升 (E)4.5升5.如图2,图A 与图B 的半径均为1,则阴影部分的面积为( ) (A)23π (B)32 (C)3π34- (D)2334-π (E)2332-π图26.某公司投资一个项目,已知上半年完成了预算的1/3,下半年完成了剩余部分的2/3,此时还有8千万元投资未完成,则该项目的预算为( ) (A)3亿元 (B)3.6亿元 (C)3.9亿元 (D)4.5亿元 (E)5.1亿元7.甲、乙两人上午8:00分别自A 、B 出发相向而行,9:00第一次相遇,之后速度均提高了1.5公里/小时,甲到B ,乙到A 后都立刻照原路返回,若两人在10:30第二次相遇,则A 、B 两AFCB E地相距为( )(A)5.6公里 (B)7公里 (C)8公里 (D)9公里(E)9.5公里 8.已知{}n a 为等差数列,且2539a a a -+=,则129a a a +++= ( ) (A)27 (B)45 (C)54 (D) 81 (E)1629.在某项活动中,将3男3女6名志愿者,都随机地分成甲、乙、丙三组,每组2人,则每组志愿者是异性的概率为( )(A) 1/90 (B)1/15 (C)1/10 (D)1/5 (E)2/510.已知直线L 是圆225x y +=在点(1,2)处的切线,则L 在y 轴上的截距为( )(A)2/5 (B)2/3 (C)3/2 (D)5/2 (E)511.某单位决定对4个部门的经理进行轮岗,要求每位经理必须轮换到4个部门中的其他部门任职,则不同的方案有( )(A)3种 (B)6种 (C)8种 (D)9种 (E)10种12. 如图3,正方体ABCD A B C D ''''-的棱长为2,F 是棱C D ''的中点,则AF 的长为( )(A)3 (B)5 (C)5 (D)22 (E)2313.某工厂在半径为5cm 的球形工艺品上镀一层装饰金属厚度为0.01cm ,已知装饰金属的原材料为棱长20cm 的正方体锭子,则加工10000个该工艺品需要的锭子数最少为(不考虑加工损耗, 3.14≈π)( )(A)2 (B)3 (C)4 (D)5 (E)2014.若几个质数(素数)的乘积为770,则他们的和为( )(A)85 (B)84 (C)28 (D)26 (E)2515.掷一枚均匀的硬币若干次,当正面向上次数大于反面向上次数时停止,则4次之内停止的概率为( )(A)1/8 (B)3/8 (C)5/8 (D)3/16 (E)5/16二、条件充分性判断:第16—25小题,每小题3分,共30分.要求判断每题给出得条件(1)和(2)能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论. A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项为判断结果, 请选择一项符合试题要求得判断,在答题卡上将所选项得字母涂黑.(A)条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分(B)条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分(C)条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分(D)条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分(E)条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分16.设X 是非零实数,则33118x x+=(1)13x x +=(2)2217x x += 17.甲、乙、丙三人年龄相同(1)甲、乙、丙年龄等差 (2)甲、乙、丙年龄等比18.不等式221x x a ++≤的解集为空(1)0a < (2)2a >19.已知曲线L :236y a bx x x =+-+,则()()550a b a b +---=(1)曲线过(1,0) (2)过(1,0)-(-1,0)20.如图4,O 是半圆圆心,C 是半圆一点,OD AC ⊥,则OD 长(1)已知BC 长 (2)已知AO 长图421.已知,x y 为实数,则221x y +≥(1)435y x -≥ (2)()()22115x y -+-≥ 22.已知袋中有红、黑、白三球若干个,红球最多(1)随机取出一球是白球的概率为25(2)随机取出两球,两球中至少一黑的概率小于1523.已知二次函数()2f x ax bx c =++,则能确定,,a b c 的值(1)曲线()y f x =过点(0,0)和(1,1) (2)曲线()y f x =与y a b =+相切24.方程()2220x a b x c +++=有实根(1),,a b c 是三角形的三边长 (2),,a b c 等差25.已知{},,,,M a b c d e =是一个整数集合,则能确定集合的(1),,,,a b c d e 平均值为10 (2)方差为2三、逻辑推理:第26-55小题,每小题2分,共60分。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案及解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】A where 【解析】本句的句义是:我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了,或者一个老熟人的姓名,或者是一个老乐队的名称。
这根据句义,这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点,where 作为宾语从句的引导词,和后面的部分一起,作为remember的宾语,因此正确答案为A。
B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句,C、that放在这里不合适,DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades 【解析】本句的句义是:本句的句义是关于大脑的退化,我们婉转地把它称作"老年时分"(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。
从前文可以看出,文章讲的是随着年龄增长,记忆力的衰退。
由语境确定B。
fade away是一个固定搭配,表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。
A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while 【解析】本句的句义是:这看起来问题不大,但精神集中能力的丧失,对于我们的职业生涯,社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。
这个空在句首,需要填一个连接词,看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系,因此正确答案为B。
A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系,表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging 【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
通过整篇文章语境,我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响,造成损害,因此正确答案是damaging,表示损害。
B选项limited表示有限,局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀,奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
5、【答案】C well-being 【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
2014年考研数学二真题及答案解析
(9)
1
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__________.
【答案】 3 8
【解析】
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1
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1
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4
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1 2
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1
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(10) 设 f (x) 是周期为 4 的可导奇函数,且 f (x) 2(x 1), x [0, 2] ,则 f (7) __________.
(A)
50
【答案】C
10
(B)
100
(C)10 10
5
(D) 5 10
【解析】
2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二
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要非充分条件.
故选 A
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2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试
2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)已知函数f(x)=sinx+cosx,则f(x)的最大值为()A. 1B. 2C. 2D. 22复数z=1−i1+i(其中i为虚数单位)的共轭复数是()A. iB. −iC. 1D. −1已知直线l过点P(2,3),且与x轴、y轴分别交于点A、B,若P是线段AB的中点,则直线l的方程为()A. 3x+2y−12=0B. 3x−2y−6=0C. 2x+3y−12=0D. 2x−3y+6=0二、填空题(每题4分,共16分)已知数列{an}是等差数列,且a1=1,a4=7,则公差d= _______。
已知向量a=(1,2),b=(3,4),则a⋅b= _______。
若直线l的倾斜角为32π,则直线l的斜率为_______。
若圆x2+y2=4与圆x2+y2−2x−4y+1=0相交于A、B两点,则线段AB的长为_______。
三、解答题(共54分)8.(12分)已知等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且a1=1,S4=10,求数列{an}的通项公式。
9.(12分)已知函数f(x)=lnx−21ax2+x,其中a∈R。
(1)若a=2,求函数f(x)的单调区间;(2)若函数f(x)存在极值,求实数a的取值范围。
10.(12分)在△ABC中,角A、B、C的对边分别为a、b、c,且a=2,b=3,cosC=41。
(1)求sinC的值;(2)求△ABC的面积。
11.(18分)已知椭圆C:a2x2+b2y2=1(a>b>0)的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,离心率为23,过F1的直线l与椭圆C交于A、B两点。
(1)若△ABF2的周长为8,求椭圆C的方程;(2)设点P(x0,0)满足∣PF1∣=∣F1F2∣,当直线l的斜率为1时,直线PA与椭圆C交于另一点M,求△AMB面积的最大值。
2014全国硕士研究生统一入学考试
2014全国硕士研究生统一入学考试
2014年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试是在2014年1月4日、5日进行的。
此次考试是在全国范围内统一进行的,考试科目包括思想政治理论、英语一、数学一、化学综合等。
考试时长为2天,每天上午8:30-11:30,下午2:00-5:00。
此次考试是为了选拔具有创新能力和专业能力的人才,进一步提高研究生的培养质量。
考试难度较大,要求考生具备扎实的专业基础和较高的综合素质。
需要注意的是,由于各院校的考试科目和考试时间不同,因此具体考试安排还需以各院校的招生简章为准。
考生需要提前了解自己所报考院校的考试科目和时间,做好备考工作。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试数学三真题完整版及答案解析
3
32
(2)下列曲线有渐近线的是
(A) y = x + sin x (B) y = x2 + sin x
(C) y = x + sin 1
(D)
x
y = x2 + sin 1 x
【解析】 a
=
lim
f
(x)
=
lim
x + sin
1 x
=
lim(1 +
1 sin
1)
=1
x→∞ x
x→∞
x
x→∞ x x
0 k
0
1 l
知,
(D)既非充分也非必
α1,α2 ,α3
线性无关时,因为
1 0
0
≠0
0
所以α1 + kα3,α2 + lα3 线性无关 反之不成立. 如当α3 = 0 ,且α1 与α2 线性无关时,α1,α2 ,α3 线性相关
【答案】A
(7)设随机事件 A 与 B 相互独立,且 P(B)=0.5,P(A-B)=0.3,则 P(B-A)=( )
b = lim[ f (x) − ax] = lim[x + sin 1 − x] = lim sin 1 = 0
x→∞ 是 y = x + sin 1 的斜渐近线 x
(3)设 P ( x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx2,当x → 0 时,若 P(x)− tan x 是比 x3 高阶的
∴P(B-A)=P(B)-P(BA)=0.5-0.3=0.2
【答案】B
(8)设 X1,X2,X3 为来自正态总体 N(0,σ 2 )的简单随机样本,则统计量 S = X1 − X 2 服 2 X3
201×年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题及答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making theconnections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing-much like a(n)___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship[D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associat ions8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances[D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apartfrom [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibil ity15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unus ually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives forthe better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"- protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search andbenefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" - invented in 1996 - is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ?71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne's scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.[B]Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession-with the possibleexception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have beentoo conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers' and clients' strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals' sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive"partly because it[A]bans outsiders' involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from thetelephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What's not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes-both new and old-are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research-as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discoveryof the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism-that is the culture of research, after all-but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers' investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients' status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracyin America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members aretop-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' abilityto solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets andself-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[ D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people's interest in liberal education[B] define the government's role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals' rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"[C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable-for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entirelandscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist SirArthur Evan combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knoss ós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two andthree-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight ofconvention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, animprovement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students' physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题及答案1. A where2. B fades3. D while4. C damaging5. A wellbeing6. A turns7. C workouts8. B functions9. D process10. C excel11. D However12. A according to13. B further14. A sharpness15. D allows16. B track17. D on18. C constantly19. C build20. B effectivePart AText 121 B encourage job seekers' active engagement in job seeking.22 C to register for an allowance from the government.23 A A desire to secure a better life for all.24 A uneasy25 B Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text226 D The attraction of financial rewards.27 C Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.28 B The rigid bodies governing the profession29 A Bans outsides' involvement in the profession.30 C A problem in America's legal profession and solutions to itText3。
2014年考研英语一答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案及解析1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB答案解析:1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
根据上下文意思,首先可以排除[B][C][D]。
这句话中where 引导一个状语语从句,主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。
2. [标准答案] [B][考点分析] 上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析] As the brain 2 we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments这句话的意思是“由于大脑2 我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆”,由此可以排除[A] 和[C]。
[D]collapse意为:使倒塌,使崩溃,不符合题意。
fades考察熟词僻意,通常意思为褪色,逝去。
还有衰老的意思,这里就考察是衰老的意思。
从前文可以看出,文章讲的是随着年龄增长,大脑衰老。
所以选[B]3. [标准答案] [D][考点分析] 逻辑衔接题[选项分析] [A] if 表示假设“如果”。
[B] Unless “除非,如果不”。
[C]Once “一旦”。
[D]While,“虽然,然而”表转折。
这句话的意思是虽然表面上看起来没什么,但是危害很大,前后位转折关系,所以选D。
4. [标准答案] [C][考点分析] 上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析] 这四个选项均为形容词,[A] 表示“不均匀”,[B] 表示“有限的”,[C] 表示“有破坏性的,损坏的”,[D] 表示“模糊的,晦涩的”。
这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来……的影响。
根据上下文的意思,可以排除[A] 和[D]。
而“有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性,故可以排除[B] 选项。
[C] “带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。
5. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析] 本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人……带来有害的影响。
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2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...指定位置上. (1)设lim ,n a a =且0,a ≠则当n 充分大时有( )(A )2n a a >(B )2n a a <(C )1n a a n >-(D )1n a a n<+(2)下列曲线有渐近线的是( ) (A )sin y x x =+ (B )2sin y x x =+(C )1sin y x x =+ (D )21sin y x x=+(3) (A ) (B ) (C ) (D )(4)设函数()f x 具有二阶导数,()(0)(1)(1)g x f x f x =-+,则在区间[0,1]上( ) (A )当'()0f x ≥时,()()f x g x ≥ (B )当'()0f x ≥时,()()f x g x ≤ (C )当'()0f x ≤时,()()f x g x ≥ (D )当'()0f x ≤时,()()f x g x ≥(5)行列式0000000ab a bcd cd =(A )2()ad bc - (B )2()ad bc -- (C )2222a dbc - (D )2222b c a d -(6)设123,,a a a 均为3维向量,则对任意常数,k l ,向量组1323,k l αααα++线性无关是向量组123,,ααα线性无关的(A )必要非充分条件 (B )充分非必要条件 (C )充分必要条件(D )既非充分也非必要条件(7)设随机事件A 与B 相互独立,且P (B )=0.5,P(A-B)=0.3,求P (B-A )=( ) (A )0.1 (B )0.2 (C )0.3 (D )0.4(8)设123,,X X X 为来自正态总体2(0,)N σ服从的分布为 (A )F (1,1) (B )F (2,1) (C )t(1) (D )t(2)二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸...指定位置上. (9)设某商品的需求函数为402Q P =-(P 为商品价格),则该商品的边际收益为_________。
(10)设D 是由曲线10xy +=与直线0y x +=及y=2围成的有界区域,则D 的面积为_________。
(11)设2014ax xe dx =⎰,则_____.a = (12)二次积分22110()________.xy y e dy e dx x-=⎰⎰ (13)设二次型22123121323(,,)24f x x x x x ax x x x =-++的负惯性指数为1,则a 的取值范围是_________(14)设总体X 的概率密度为222(;)30x x f x θθθθ⎧<<⎪=⎨⎪⎩其它,其中θ是未知参数, 12,,...,,n X X X 为来自总体X 的简单样本,若21nii cx=∑ 是2θ的无偏估计,则c = _________三、解答题:15—23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸...指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.(15)(本题满分10分)求极限12121lim1ln(1)xtx t e t dt x x→+∞⎡⎤⎛⎫--⎢⎥ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦+⎰(16)(本题满分10分)设平面区域22{(,)|14,0,0}D x y x y x y =≤+≤≥≥,计算.D(17)(本题满分10分)设函数()f u 具有2阶连续导数,(cos )xz f e y =满足222224(cos )x x z zz e y e x y∂∂+=+∂∂,若(0)0,'(0)0f f ==,求()f u 的表达式。
(18)(本题满分10分) 求幂级数(1)(3)nn n n x∞=++∑的收敛域及和函数。
(19)(本题满分10分)设函数(),()f x g x 在区间[,]a b 上连续,且()f x 单调增加,0()1g x ≤≤,证明: (I )0(),[,];xag t dt x a x a b ≤≤-∈⎰(II )()()()().ba a g t dtb aaf x dx f xg x dx +⎰≤⎰⎰(20)(本题满分11分)设123401111203A --⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭,E 为3阶单位矩阵。
①求方程组0Ax =的一个基础解系; ②求满足AB E =的所有矩阵B(21)(本题满分11分)证明n 阶矩阵111111111⎛⎫⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭K KM M M K与00100200n ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭K K M M M K相似。
(22)(本题满分11分)设随机变量X 的概率分布为P{X=1}=P{X=2}=12,在给定X i =的条件下,随机变量Y 服从均匀分布(0,)(1,2)U i i =(1)求Y 的分布函数()Y F y (2)求EY(23)(本题满分11分)设随机变量X 与Y 的概率分布相同,X 的概率分布为12{0},{1},33P X P X ====且X 与Y 的相关系数12XY ρ=(1) 求(X ,Y )的概率分布(2)求P{X+Y ≤1}2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三试题答案一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...指定位置上. (1)D (2)B (3) (4)D (5)B (6)A (7)(B )(8)(C )二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸...指定位置上. (9)p dpdR440-= (10)223ln - (11)21=a(12))e (121-(13)[-2,2] (14)25n三、解答题:15—23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸...指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)【答案】2121111111110202211212112=-=--=--=--=--=+--++→→+∞→+∞→+∞→+∞→⎰⎰⎰u e lim u u e lim x )e (x lim ,xu x)e (x lim xtdtdt t )e (lim)xln(x dt ]t )e (t [limu u u u x x xx xx xxx 则令(16)【答案】4321312*********12021202120212021-=⋅-=+⋅+-=-+-=+-=+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ππππππθπθθθθππρπρππρρθθθθππρρθθθθπρπρρθθθθρρθρθρπρθρθd )(d sin cos cos )d cos cos (d sin cos cos cos d d sin cos cos d sin d sin cos cos d sin cos sin cos d(17)【答案】y cos e )y cos e (f xEx x '=∂∂ )y cos (e )y cos e (f y sin e )y cos e (f yE)y sin (e )y cos e (f yEy cos e )y cos e (f y cos e )y cos e (f x E x x x x x x xx x x -'+''=∂∂-'=∂∂'+''=∂∂22222222ycos e )y cos e (f )y cos e (f e )y cos e E (e )y cos e (f y Ex E x x x x x x x +=''+=''=∂∂+∂∂44222222令u y cos e x=, 则u )u (f )u (f +=''4, 故)C ,C (,ue C eC )u (f u u为任意常数2122214-+=-由,)(f ,)(f 0000='=得4161622ue e )u (f u u --=-(18)【答案】由13142=++++∞→)n )(n ()n )(n (limn ,得1=R当1=x 时,∑∞=++031n )n )(n (发散,当1-=x 时,∑∞=++-0311n n)n )(n ()(发散,故收敛域为),(11-。
0≠x 时,)x (s )x (x))x (x x ())x x (x ())x (x ())dx x )n ((x ()x )n (x ()x)n (()dx x )n ()n ((x)n )(n (n n n x n n n n n n xn nn =--='--=''-=''=''+='+='+='++=++∑∑⎰∑∑∑⎰∑∞=+∞=+∞=+∞=+∞=∞=32230300220113123111313131331。
0=x 时,3=)x (s ,故和函数313)x (x)x (s --=,),(x 11-∈ (19)【答案】证明:1)因为10≤≤)x (g ,所以有定积分比较定理可知,⎰⎰⎰≤≤xaxaxadt dt )t (g dt 10,即⎰-≤≤xaa x dt )t (g 0。
2)令}]dt )t (g a [f )x (f ){x (g )x (g ]dt )t (g a [f )x (g )x (f )x (F )a (F dt)t (f dt )t (g )t (f )x (F xa xa dt )t (g x axax a ⎰+-=⎰+-='=-=⎰⎰⎰-+0由1)可知⎰-≤xaa x dt )t (g ,所以⎰≤+xax dt )t (g a 。
由)x (f 是单调递增,可知0≥⎰+-xa ]dt )t (g a [f )x (f由因为10≤≤)x (g ,所以0≥')x (F ,)x (F 单调递增,所以0=>)a (F )b (F ,得证。
(20)【答案】①()1,2,3,1T - ②123123123123261212321313431k k k k k k B k k k k k k -+-+--⎛⎫ ⎪--+⎪= ⎪--+ ⎪⎝⎭()123,,k k k R ∈ (21)【答案】利用相似对角化的充要条件证明。
(22)【答案】(1)()0,0,3,01,4111,12,221, 2.Y y y y F y y y y <⎧⎪⎪≤<⎪=⎨⎛⎫⎪+≤< ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎪≥⎩(2)34(23)【答案】(1)(2)9。