马斯洛需求层次论案例

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马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人，它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷 ----北极熊牌冬装分析：马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要，是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要，如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题，吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展，这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要，浓缩汤都是精华，北极熊耐寒，能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的，基本的满足。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险，享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技，平安领先----睿翼监控分析：安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物，由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加，为了未来能有一个稳定的生活，买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定，财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器，为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓，丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析：我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面，作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱，有了归属感，我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人，别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析：尊重是一个严肃的话题，因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人，我们是好男人，我们要自尊，我们要受到别人的尊敬。

马斯洛需要层次理论应用案例分析

马斯洛需要层次理论应用案例分析某民营企业的老板通过学习有关激励理论，受到很大启发，并着手付诸实践。

他赋予下属员工更多的工作和责任，并通过赞扬和常识来激励下属员工。

结果事与愿违，员工的积极性非但没有提高，反而对老板的做法强烈不满，认为他是在利用诡计来剥削员工。

请根据所学习的有关激励等理论，分析该老板做法失败的原因并提出建议。

（1）从马斯洛的需要层次理论我们知道，人类需要是分层的，分别是
生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、地位和受人尊重需要、自我实现需要。

马斯洛认为只有当低级需满足以后才会有更高层次的需要。

主导需要决定了人的行为。

（2）案例中该民营企业的老板可能忽视了员工的较低层次的需要，如生理和安全需要，而这些需要很可能正是员工的主导需要。

由于没能够对症下药，才导致该民营企业老板激励做法的失败。

（3）要使得激励有效，应当了解员工的真正需要，并加以满足。

在实施过程中，应当坚持物质利益原则，随机制宜，创造激励条件，把物质利
益和精神鼓励相结合。

马斯洛需求层次论案例资料

马斯洛需求层次论案例资料美国心理学家亚伯拉罕・马斯洛于1943年发表了《人类激励理论》一文，提出了著名的需求五层次理论，即生理、安全、社交、尊重、自我实现。

所谓生理需求，即对食物、水、空气、睡眠、的需求；安全需求，即对人身、财产、工作、家庭安全的需求；社交需求，即对友情、爱情以及归属的需求；尊重需求，即人的自尊和受到别人尊重的需求；自我实现，即实现个人的理想，发挥个人的能力到最大程度的需求。

这五种需求像阶梯一样层次由低到高，但次序并不固定，而是首先满足迫切需求，在高层次的需求满足后，低层次的需求仍然存在，只是对行为影响的程度大大减小。

通读陈之秀的长篇小说《走向都市的女人》，其中主人公多多的成长经历恰好映证了这一理论。

在多多的儿童时期，由于家庭经济的贫困，多多对食物的需求特别强烈。

她曾一个人吃完了一锅粉蒸肉，以至于以后再不想吃肉；她不光瞒着母亲偷吃自家堤坝里晒的花生，还偷偷喝下母鸡刚下的蛋，还与小伙伴一起，偷村民家的柑橘等。

在她四岁多的时候，父母曾想把她抱给别人，以换回一个男孩，这件事对她的心灵造成了极大的伤害。

那时，她希望自己快点长大，长大了就可以逃离家乡，逃离父母；长大了，就可以自己挣钱，能自食其力，买个属于自己的一间房子。

她甚至认为，逃离了父母，逃离了那个家就是天堂。

由此，可以看出，她是非常缺乏安全感。

为了在城市站住脚，她凭借自己的努力，终于买下了一处房产。

她十分珍视与同学李瑶的友谊，也渴望真挚的爱情，这一点在与李沐和陈若愚的交往中表现得尤为突出。

她渴望被尊重。

当村民因为她家没有男孩，而欺负她和她的家人时，她选择了反抗；当老师罚她因为不会默背英语课文，不许放学回家而罚站时，她给老师及其父母修起了三座小土坟……为了实现自己的理想，她做梦都想离开家乡，到外面闯荡。

又通过刻苦的自学，勤奋的创作，使自己的诗歌荣获全国诗歌奖、长篇小说得以出版，圆了自己的记者梦和作家梦。

也许多多没有读过马斯洛的书，不知道他的“需求五层次”理论，但她的亲身经历恰恰成为了马斯洛人本心理学理论的一个范例，也说明了这一理论的普适性。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人，它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷 ----北极熊牌冬装分析：马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要，是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要，如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物，由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加，为了未来能有一个稳定的生活，买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定，财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器，为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱，有了归属感，我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人，别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析：尊重是一个严肃的话题，因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人，我们是好男人，我们要自尊，我们要受到别人的尊敬。

马斯洛需求理论的案例

马斯洛需求理论的案例马斯洛需求理论是由美国心理学家Abraham Maslow于20世纪50年代提出的一种心理学理论，该理论认为人类的需求可以分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求五个层次。

这五个层次的需求是按照优先级依次排列的，只有满足了较低层次的需求，才能进一步满足较高层次的需求。

下面将通过几个案例来说明马斯洛需求理论在现实生活中的应用。

案例一，食品配送员的需求层次。

假设有一个食品配送员，他每天要负责将食品送到客户手中。

首先，他需要满足的是生理需求，即保证自己有足够的食物和水来维持生存。

接下来，他会关注自己的安全需求，比如确保自己的工作环境安全，避免遭受意外伤害。

在满足了生理和安全需求之后，他会开始关注社交需求，希望能够获得同事和客户的认可和友好交往。

随着工作的稳定和表现的认可，他会渴望得到更多的尊重和认可，这属于尊重需求。

最后，当他在工作中得到了充分的成就感和自我价值实现时，他的自我实现需求也得到了满足。

案例二，大学生的需求层次。

以大学生为例，他们在校园中也会逐渐实现马斯洛的需求层次。

刚进入大学的新生，首先要适应新的生活环境，满足自己的生理需求和安全需求。

然后，他们会开始寻找志同道合的朋友，满足社交需求。

在学业和社交中取得一定成就后，他们会追求更多的尊重和认可，这属于尊重需求。

最终，当他们在学业、社交或其他方面取得了突出的成就时，他们会感到自己的自我实现需求得到了满足。

案例三，企业员工的需求层次。

在企业中，员工也会逐渐实现马斯洛的需求层次。

刚进入公司的员工，首先会关注自己的生理需求和安全需求，希望能够有一个稳定的工作和生活环境。

随着工作时间的推移，他们会开始与同事建立良好的关系，满足社交需求。

在工作中表现出色后，他们会期待得到更多的尊重和认可，这属于尊重需求。

最终，当员工在工作中得到了充分的成就感和自我实现时，他的自我实现需求也得到了满足。

综上所述，马斯洛的需求层次理论在现实生活中得到了广泛的应用。

马斯洛需要层次理论产品策略案例分析

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马斯洛需求层次的案例

马斯洛需求层次的案例马斯洛的需求层次理论是管理学中非常重要的一部分，它帮助我们理解人的需求是如何影响他们的行为和动机的。

这个理论被广泛应用于各种管理和心理学的领域，下面我们将通过一些案例来说明马斯洛需求层次理论在现实生活中的应用。

首先，我们来看一个关于生理需求的案例。

在一家制造业工厂里，工人们因为长时间的加班和高强度的工作而感到非常疲惫。

他们的生理需求，比如睡眠、饮食和休息，得不到满足。

因此，他们的工作效率和工作质量都受到了影响。

管理者意识到了这一点，便采取了一系列措施来改善工人们的工作环境和生活条件，比如增加休息时间、提供营养餐和改善工作设施。

这些改变使得工人们的生理需求得到了满足，工作效率和质量也得到了提高。

其次，我们来看一个关于安全需求的案例。

在一个办公室里，员工们因为公司的不确定性和经济形势的波动而感到焦虑和不安。

他们担心自己的工作会受到影响，担心失业和收入减少。

这种不确定性和焦虑对他们的工作表现和工作积极性都产生了负面影响。

管理者意识到了员工的安全需求，便采取了一些措施来提高员工的安全感，比如提供更多的职业发展机会、加强内部沟通和提供更多的福利待遇。

这些措施使得员工们对自己的工作和未来感到更加安全和稳定，工作表现也得到了提高。

再次，我们来看一个关于社交需求的案例。

在一个跨国公司里，由于文化差异和语言障碍，员工们之间的沟通和合作受到了一定的影响。

他们感到孤独和隔离，缺乏归属感和认同感。

管理者意识到了员工的社交需求，便采取了一些措施来促进员工之间的交流和合作，比如举办文化交流活动、提供语言培训和建立跨文化交流平台。

这些措施使得员工们之间的关系得到了改善，彼此之间的理解和合作也得到了加强。

最后，我们来看一个关于自我实现需求的案例。

在一个创业公司里，员工们因为工作的重复性和缺乏挑战性而感到厌倦和失落。

他们渴望能够发挥自己的创造力和才华，追求自己的梦想和目标。

管理者意识到了员工的自我实现需求，便采取了一些措施来激发员工的创造力和潜力，比如提供更多的项目机会、鼓励员工提出创新想法和建立员工奖励机制。

激励理论及案例范文

激励理论及案例范文激励理论是组织和管理学科中的重要理论之一，旨在了解人们行为背后的动机和动力，并提供一些方法和策略来激励和推动员工的工作表现。

下面将介绍一些主要的激励理论，并提供一些相关案例说明。

1.马斯洛的需求层次理论：这一理论认为人类的需求可以分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求五个层次。

当一个层次的需求得到满足后，人们会追寻更高层次的需求。

根据这一理论，管理者可以通过提供适当的奖励和机会来满足员工的需求，从而激励员工提高工作表现。

案例：公司的员工在知道平时加班会有额外的补贴后，他们更加积极主动地加班，以求得到更高的奖励。

2.赫茨伯格的双因素理论：赫茨伯格提出人们的工作满意度和不满意度是两个独立的维度，但同时也有交集。

满意度与工作内容相关，如成就、责任感等；不满意度则与工作环境相关，如薪水、工作条件等。

赫茨伯格认为，只有同时提高满意度和降低不满意度，才能真正激励员工。

案例：公司的管理者在改善员工工作环境的同时，也加强了员工的培训和发展计划，员工的工作满意度和不满意度都得到了提高，整体的工作表现也有了明显的提高。

3.期望理论：期望理论认为激励取决于人们对行为结果的期望和价值评估。

员工会选择采取特定的行为，是因为他们期望该行为会对他们个人的价值评估产生积极影响。

案例：公司的管理者发现，员工的工作表现与他们对奖励的期望值密切相关。

于是，他们在设定绩效目标和奖励时，更加关注员工的期望，并努力提供有吸引力的奖励，以激励员工更好地工作。

4.公平理论：公平理论认为人们会通过比较自己和他人的工作付出与回报的比例来判断是否受到公平对待。

当人们认为自己受到不公平对待时，他们可能会减少工作努力或寻求改变。

案例：公司的管理层发现，员工对于薪水的满意度与其认为的公平程度密切相关。

为了激励员工，他们进行了绩效评估和薪酬调整的公平性调查，并根据调查结果进行合理的调整，使员工感到被公平对待。

综上所述，激励理论及相关案例展示了如何理解人们的动机和动力，并通过提供适当的奖励、改善工作环境、培训和发展等方式来激励和推动员工的工作表现。

根据马斯洛需求理论

根据马斯洛需求理论，人的需求有五个层次，下面富贵结合马斯洛需求的五个层次，谈谈如何留住员工。

1、生理需要：提高工资、奖金、福利待遇、居住、饮食条件。

给予保底工资，并提高计件工资。

2、安全需要：通过企业的远大前途和行业市场前景，让员工看到自己的美好的未来。

同时，多多和他们讲自己的生存压力，让他们知道，只有公司好了，他们才能好。

3、社交需要：融洽的内部关系（上级、同事）。

这一点，你可以组织一些公司活动，在公司开辟一个员工健身区，不限制员工进出公司时间等等。

同事，抓好派系矛盾，可以通过分散安置的方法防止员工搞地缘政治拉帮结派。

4、尊重需要：提供定期的职业培训及深造的机会，同时分析管理制度，做到公正公平公开，避免简单粗暴的生产管理，并给员工提建议的机会。

5、自富贵实现需要：公司与老板本人对员工，要经常沟通，可以设立办公室对员工开放时间，并并经常赞扬与鼓励员工。

你只要了解以上的五个层次，就能了解员工；只要用好以上五个层次，就不怕招不到员工与员工不死心塌地了。

跳槽，在现下的职场里，也许是很正常的事情。

但是优秀人才的频频跳槽，却不得不引起企业的重视，不仅仅是HR们。

眼下，HR们最大的痛苦和麻烦问题也许就是，企业优秀人才的频繁跳槽问题，从一线业务精英到总部技术骨干，从行政人事主管到财务审计专员，从封疆大吏到总监诸候们……似乎都在导演一场跳槽和转行风暴。

然而，这股风似乎越演越烈，HR们烦心，BOSS们也担心。

正如一位著名的企业老板所说的，“为什么我们企业优秀人才总想跳槽？为什么该走的不走，不该走的都走了？……”什么人才才是真正优秀的人才？优秀人才真的总想跳槽吗？这跳槽的背后又是什么呢？人才总是优秀的吗？人才总是优秀的吗？我们先来看一个非常有意思的企业案例对比：S和F，同处长三角的两家知名企业，同为各自细分行业的领军型企业，差不多同时创业，同为上市公司……但是，十年之后，一个做到了20亿，一个还不到10亿。

在总结各自的10年成败得失时，F认为自己做得不太好，是因为企业的人才太优秀了，所以10亿还没有做到；而S认为自己还可以，主要原因是企业的人才不太优秀，所以才能快速做到20亿。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论案例马斯洛需求层次理论是管理学和心理学领域中的经典理论之一，该理论提出了人类需求的层次结构，从生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求到自我实现需求。

这一理论对于企业管理和个人成长都具有重要的指导意义。

下面我们将通过几个案例来深入理解马斯洛需求层次理论在实际生活中的应用。

案例一，员工激励。

某公司的员工在工作中表现平平，经理决定采取一些措施来激励员工提高工作积极性。

首先，经理为员工提供了具有竞争力的薪酬，满足了员工的生理需求和安全需求；其次，公司建立了良好的团队氛围，鼓励员工之间的合作和交流，满足了员工的社交需求和尊重需求；最后，公司提供了培训和晋升机会，让员工有机会实现自我价值，满足了他们的自我实现需求。

通过这些措施，员工的工作积极性得到了有效提升，公司的绩效也得到了改善。

案例二，消费者需求。

一家电商平台针对不同层次的消费者需求，制定了相应的营销策略。

对于追求实惠和物美价廉的消费者，平台提供了大量的促销活动和优惠券，满足了他们的生理需求和安全需求；对于追求社交认可和个人尊重的消费者，平台推出了定制化服务和会员特权，满足了他们的社交需求和尊重需求；对于追求个性化和自我实现的消费者，平台提供了个性化定制、创意设计等服务，满足了他们的自我实现需求。

通过这些差异化的营销策略，电商平台吸引了不同层次的消费者，提升了用户黏性和转化率。

案例三，教育培训。

一所教育机构在制定课程和教学计划时，充分考虑了学生的需求层次。

在满足学生的生理需求和安全需求方面，学校提供了良好的学习环境和饮食住宿保障；在满足学生的社交需求和尊重需求方面，学校组织了各种社团活动和文体比赛，鼓励学生展示自己的才华；在满足学生的自我实现需求方面，学校开设了创新创业课程和科研项目，鼓励学生追求个性化发展和自我价值实现。

这些举措使得学生在学校中得到了全面的成长和发展，提高了教育质量和学生满意度。

通过以上案例可以看出，马斯洛需求层次理论在各个领域都有着重要的应用。

马斯洛理论案例

马斯洛理论案例马斯洛的需求层次理论是心理学中一种基本的理论模型，它描述了人类需求的层次结构和满足需求的顺序。

这一理论被广泛应用于管理学、市场营销、人力资源管理等领域，以解释个体的行为和动机。

下面我们将通过一些具体的案例来解释马斯洛的需求层次理论在实际生活中的应用。

案例一，健康与安全需求。

在一家制造业公司，员工们长期加班工作，工作环境相对较差，存在一定的安全隐患。

在这种情况下，员工的生理需求和安全需求往往会受到威胁。

为了满足员工的健康与安全需求，公司需要采取一系列措施，如改善工作环境、加强安全生产教育培训、合理安排工作时间等，从而提高员工的工作满意度和工作效率。

案例二，社交需求。

在一个大型企业中，员工们在工作中往往需要与同事、上级、下属进行合作和交流。

如果企业中存在着严重的内耗和办公室政治现象，员工的社交需求将得不到满足，工作氛围也会变得紧张和不友好。

因此，企业需要通过建立良好的企业文化、加强团队建设、鼓励员工间的合作交流等方式，来满足员工的社交需求，从而提高员工的归属感和工作积极性。

案例三，尊重与认可需求。

在一家跨国公司中，员工们往往希望得到上级和同事的认可和尊重。

如果公司中存在着严重的权力斗争和不公平待遇现象，员工的尊重与认可需求将无法得到满足，员工的工作积极性和忠诚度也会大大降低。

因此，公司需要通过建立公平的晋升机制、激励制度和员工评价体系，来满足员工的尊重与认可需求，从而提高员工的工作动力和创造力。

案例四，自我实现需求。

在一家创业公司中，员工们往往希望能够在工作中发挥自己的才能和创造力，实现个人的职业发展和自我实现。

如果公司中存在着严重的官僚主义和创新机会不足现象，员工的自我实现需求将得不到满足，员工的工作热情和创造力也会受到抑制。

因此，公司需要通过激励创新、提供职业发展机会、鼓励员工提出建设性意见等方式，来满足员工的自我实现需求，从而提高员工的工作满意度和创造力。

综上所述，马斯洛的需求层次理论在实际生活中具有重要的指导意义。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人,它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析：马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要,是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要,如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等;饥饿和寒冷是人生活要必须面对的俩个基本问题,吃不饱穿不暖就无谈发展,这俩个广告直接明了的的点出了人们的需要,浓缩汤都是精华,北极熊耐寒,能给饥饿与寒冷之人很现实的,基本的满足;给了他们渴望与动力;“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理;二安全需要1买渤海保险,享泰达人生----渤海保险2 尖端科技,平安领先----睿翼监控分析：安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求;保险是现代经济社会发展的产物,由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加,为了未来能有一个稳定的生活,买保险就是一个不错的选择;社会不稳定,财富的增加;为了自己的财富不受到损失;用先进的监视器,为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为;正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要;三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓,丝般感受----德芙巧克力2 给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析：我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面,作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情;德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情;房地产则给你一个温馨的家;这样我们就有了爱,有了归属感,我们的情感就有了寄托;这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次;四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人,别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析：尊重是一个严肃的话题,因为这是相互的;自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面;好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义;我们要做一个好男人,我们是好男人,我们要自尊,我们要受到别人的尊敬;这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么,怎样才能受到别人的尊重;给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路;只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足;五自我实现需要1 永远要做的比要求的更好----伯爵名表2 超越期望、超越自我----中华汽车分析：这是最高层次的需要,它是指实现个人理想、抱负,发挥个人的能力到最大程度,达到自我实现境界的人,接受自己也接受他人,解决问题能力增强,自觉性提高,善于独立处事,要求不受打扰地独处,完成与自己的能力相称的一切事情的需要;伯爵名表,中华汽车的广告,满足了想要成功的人的自我实现的需要,道出了他们的心声,使用这样的产品更能表达他们超越自我,不断开拓创新,取得成功的信心;这是非常完美的;。

【需求】海底捞案例分析人力资源管理

【关键字】需求“海底捞”案例分析一、马斯洛需求层次理论分析：其观点是人们的需求可以划分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现的需求五个层次。

其中生理需求是指人类维持自身生存所必需的的基本需求，包括衣、食、住、行等；安全需求是指人们希望得到安全保障，免受威胁，包括经济以及心理等方面的保障；社交需求是指人们希望与他人交往，维持良好和谐人际关系，受到关爱的需求；尊重需求是指自尊心、自信心等自我尊重和希望得到他人尊重的需求；自我实现的需求是指希望发挥自己的潜能以实现自我的发展与完善的需求。

1、在生理需求层面，“海底捞”为员工提供正规住宅并且日常生活设备一应俱全，为员工提供给舒适的衣服和鞋子，教授员工基本的交通规范等，员工的生理需求得到满足有利于员工专心投身工作；2、在安全需求层面，“海底捞”给员工以家的感觉，对于身体、心理以及经济方面的安全顾虑得以消除，有利于激发员工积极性；3、在社交需求层面，在“海底捞‘的员工相处和谐有礼貌把彼此当成家人，认为自己是海底捞的主人，这些方面使得员工有强烈的归属感，有努力工作的动力和决心；4、在尊重需求层面，海底捞对员工做基本的城市生活的培训帮助员工建立起自信心，并且海底捞还将员工视为手足姐妹，视若心脏呵护，在员工权限方面放权很大给予极大的信任，这些种种措施使得员工感恩和回报，更加努力为企业付出；5、在自我实现的需求层面，海底捞有明确公平的晋升途径，各个岗位的员工都尽力发挥自己的力量，即使是扫厕所的大叔也是乐呵呵的，员工自我价值的实现和自我能力得到认可使得员工感到幸福，进而融入组织，为组织的发展尽自己的最大力量。

二、ERG理论分析：其主要观点有：生存需求：这是人类的基本需求，如生理上的和物质上的需求，这类需求相当于马斯洛提出的生理需求和安全需求；关系需求：指与他人进行交往和联系的需求，这相当于需求层次理论中的社交需求和尊重需求中的他人尊重部分；成长需求：指人们希望在事业上有所成就，在能力上有所提高，不断发挥，完善自己的需求，这与需求层次中自我实现的需求以及尊重需求中的自我尊重的部分。

用马斯洛需求层次理论分析《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物

摘要《嘉莉妹妹》讲述了一位农村女孩不甘贫穷,独自来到芝加哥实现自己的“美国梦”，最终成为了纽约百老汇的一位著名演员，物质享受得到满足，精神却陷入迷失的故事。

阅读这部小说我们很容易注意到嘉莉不断升级的需要及日益增长的欲望，及在追求欲望的过程中对传统道德的违背。

本文主要依据马斯洛层次需求理论，分析嘉莉及与嘉莉妹妹关系密切的两位男主人公，在不同时期的不同需要，并分析这些欲望产生的原因，即一方面是人物内在的欲望，另一方面是环境、城市的诱惑等外在因素。

这两方面的相互作用最终导致嘉莉陷入精神的迷失。

《嘉莉妹妹》的故事似乎在警示我们，在物质越来越发达的今天，人们不应该盲目追求物质的享受，而应该充分认识到精神带给人们的幸福感和满足感,思索自己人生的意义和价值所在。

关键词：嘉莉妹妹；欲望；层次需求理论AbstractSister Carrie tells the story of a small country girl Carrie who moves to Chicago to realize her “American Dream” and eventually becomes a Broadway star in New York. Despite living a luxurious life, she is lost in spirit. Reading the novel, we may easily notice Carrie’s different needs and desires arising gradually and also the betrayal of traditional moral code in the process of pursuing material gain. The paper analyzes the reasons why Carrie and two male heroes closed to her have various needs at different stages of life, mainly based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. One is figures’inner desires; the other is the outside force, including temptations of environment, cites, etc. The interaction between them makes Carrie lose herself eventually. It seems to tell people that in modern society material supplies more and more abundantly, but we should never pursue it blindly and much importance should be attached to happiness and stability created by spirit. It is essential to ponder the significance and the value of life.Key words: Sister Carrie; desire; hierarchy of needsContentsChapter 1 General Introduction (1)1.1 About the author and the novel (1)1.1.1 The author: Theodore Dreiser (1)1.1.2 The novel: Sister Carrie (1)1.2 About Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs (2)Chapter 2 Carrier’s needs (4)2.1 Carrie’s primary needs (4)2.1.1 The physiological needs: leaving for Chicago (4)2.1.2 The safety needs: becoming Drouet’s mistress (5)2.2 Carrie’s higher level needs (6)2.2.1 The love and belonging needs — awaking step (6)2.2.2 The esteem needs — advanced development (7)2.2.3 The self-actualization needs — ultimate goal (8)Chapter 3 Drouet’s needs (10)3.1 Drouet’s primary needs (10)3.1.1 The physiological needs: the pursuit of Carrie (10)3.1.2 The safety needs: the satisfaction of material (11)3.2 Droue t’s higher level needs (12)Chapter 4 Hurstwood’s needs (13)4.1 Hurstwood’s needs in Chicago (13)4.1.1 Hurstwood’s physiological needs (13)4.1.2 Hurstwood’s safety needs (14)4.1.3 Hurstwood’s love and belonging needs (14)4.2 Hurstwood’s needs in New York (15)Conclusion (17)References (19)Acknowledgments (20)Chapter 1 General Introduction1.1 About the author and the novel1.1.1 The author: Theodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser is the most outstanding realistic novelist in the history of American literature. He is also an American naturalistic writer famous for the exploration of realistic life. Dreiser was born in Indiana in a poor German immigrant family. When Dreiser was eight, his mother was forced by the pressure of living, left home with him and three other young children, wandered from one town to another in the Midwest. The family lived a tough and criticized life. Dreiser’s childhood also endured poverty and ignorance.In 1887, he came to Chicago alone, worked in restaurants and hardware companies. In spite of this, he was attracted by the city life full of excitement and stimulation. In 1889, “he was sponsored by a sympathetic middle school teacher to study at the University of Indiana. But he dropped out of school the next year, returned to Chicago to become a debt collector in a real estate and furniture company” (Wang Sixiang, 2009: 158). This job led him to come into contact with the underworld characters and the dark side of society, accumulated a wealth of material for the future creation. It also determined the naturalistic color and the tragic thought of his creation. Dreiser entered the press in 1892, started to be a journalist. In Chicago, he witnessed the strong contrast of extreme poverty and extravagant life. These experiences are the beginning of his thought, which led him to create his own novel.1.1.2 The novel: Sister CarrieSister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser’s first novel, is a good work of epoch-making significance in the history of American fiction. This novel tells the story of Caroline Meeber, a pretty rural girl, leaves her rural home to make a living in Chicago. On the train, she meets Charles Drouet, a traveling salesman. The harsh reality shatters her dream. At the same time, in front of her is unemployment and disease. In desperation she becomes Drouet’s mistress. Later, due to the greater desire, she becomes the hotelmanager Hurstwood’s mistress. Hurstwood and Carrie elope to New York, and Carrie becomes a popular actor by chance and squeezes into the upper class. However, Hurstwood becomes poorer and finally committed suicide. The life of upper class does not make her feel satisfied. She feels empty and can not find the real meaning of life. In the loneliness and desolation, she sits in a rocking chair dreaming of the happiness that she would not get.The novel reveals the cruel squeezing of the American capitalist system for poor people and the corrosive action of bourgeois lifestyle for petty bourgeois. And the moral concept the novel reflects is also a counter-tradition. Because Carrie rather than be punished for her depravity, but becomes a popular star of musical comedies finally. Therefore, this book has aroused widespread concern in society since it was published, was banned for a time which led up to intense controversy of the literary world for more than 30 years until it is regarded as a classic to gain public recognition. Until today the novel was born one hundred years later, people are still controversial about Carrie’s character and behavior, especially her endless desire.1.2 About Maslow’s hierarchy of human needsIn Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there are five kinds of needs ranging from lower level to higher level. These are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. (1)The physiological needs — it is the most basic requirement of human beings, including food, sleep, water, secretion, and sex. If any one of these needs, except sex, can not be satisfied, the physiological function of human can not operate normally. In other words, the life of human would be threatened. In this sense, the physiological need is the primary motivation of people’s action. Maslow believes that only those basic needs be met, the other needs can become new motivating factors. And to this point, the needs has been relatively satisfied will no longer be motivating factors. (2)The safety needs — it is the demand for the following things: personal and property safety, health care, job security and family safety. Maslow believes that the pursuit of the whole organism is a security mechanism, the human receptors, effectors’ organs, intelligence and other forms of energy are mainly seeking safety tools. We can even put both science and philosophy as part of meeting the security needs. (3)The love and belonging needs — if both physiological and safety needs are relatively well satisfied, and then there will emerge the love and belonging needs. Everyone wants to get mutual concern and care.The love and belonging needs is more meticulous than the physiological needs. It relates to a person’s physiological characteristics, experience, education and religion. Generally people will hunger for affectionate relations with others, for a place in the group and have a family. (4)The esteem needs — everyone wants to have a stable social status. And it requests that personal ability and achievements are recognized by the society. These needs can be divided into two parts. First is the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, confidence and freedom. Secondly, we have what we may call the desire for reputation, attention, importance or appreciation. Satisfaction of the esteem need can make people have confidence, worth, strength, capability and adequacy of being useful and necessary in the world. (5)The self-actualization needs — it is the highest level of needs. It refers to the realization of personal ideals, aspirations and the individual’s ability to the greatest degree. Maslow notes that in order to satisfy self-actualization needs, different people take different measures. The self-actualization need is an effort to realize their potential. It is to make them become the characters they desire to be.These basic needs are related to each one and another, but any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role, and needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. This means that the highest goal will monopolize consciousness and will tend to organize the recruitment of the various capacities of the organism. The lower needs are minimized, even forgotten or denied. But when a need is fairly well satisfied, the next higher need emerges,in turn to dominate the conscious life and to serve as the center of organization of behavior, since gratified needs are not active motivators.Chapter 2 Carrier’s needs2.1 Carrie’s primary needs2.1.1 The physiological needs: leaving for ChicagoBy the end of the Civil War (1861-1865), most of the forces that would typify twentieth century American had begun to emerge. Northern industrialism had triumphed over southern agrarianism. The great age of big city bossism began. Americans ceased to be isolated from the world and from each other. Soon the United States had the most extensive railroad system in the world. The tempo of life accelerated as Americans became increasingly mobile. From 1870 to 1890 the total population of the United States doubled. Villages became towns, towns became cities, and cities grew to a size with a speed that would have astonished the Founding Fathers. The population of Chicago increased twenty times to two million, making it the nation’s second largest city after New York. The national income quadrupled. It was the beginning of what Mark Twain called “The Gilded Age”. Thousands and thousands of men, women and children native-born and foreign, flooded to American cities, drawn by hopes for making their fortune. They believed that anyone could grasp an opportunity to attain success through honest and hard work. Just as American naturalists argued: the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.Dreiser clothed the social phenomenon of so-called “American Dream” through his character, Carrie. At the beginning of the novel, the heroin, Carrie, keeps pace with the general trend of the time, and moves to Chicago, which is not far away from her hometown. She is eighteen years old, bright, timid, and full of the illusions of ignorance and youth:And yet she was interested in her charms, quickly to understand the keenerpleasures of life, ambitious to gain in material things. A half-equipped littleknight she was, venturing to reconnoiter the mysterious city and dreamingwild dreams of some vague, far-off supremacy, which should make it preyand subject-the proper penitent, groveling at a woman’s slipper. (TheodoreDreiser, 1979: 3)In Maslow’s view, humans are wanting beings, mainly because humans are not satisfied with the status and are eager to achieve a higher realm. Desire is one of the strong emotions which tells people that he is still curious to exist, that he still have an edge on his longings and want to bite into the world. Carrie is driven by the environment and the internal desire to move to Chicago. Strictly speaking, it is the physiological needs. Carrie wants to change the poor life. She begins to hunt a job to earn money to fulfill her needs. Carrie accepts a job in a shoe factory for four and a half dollars a week. Every week she pays four dollars for her board and lodging. Does the story develop smoothly like this? The author gave a hint by writing “When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse” (Zhang Xiaowei, 2011: 203). Carrie tries to live on her own to start her first step of material pursuit.2.1.2 The safety needs: becoming Drouet’s mistressChicago is a charming city indeed. Carrie is surrounded by various temptations: Carrie passed along the busy aisles, much affected by the remarkabledisplays of trinkets, dress goods, stationary and jewelry. Each separatecounter was a show place of dazzling interest and attraction. She could nothelp feeling the claim of each trinket and valuable upon her personally.There was nothing there which she could not have to used-nothing whichshe did not along to own. The dainty slippers and stockings, the delicatelyfrilled skirts and petticoats, the laces, ribbons, hair-combs, purses, all touchher with individual desires. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 27)She longs for dress and beauty with a whole heart.But the fact is that the cold reality takes her by the hand. First, her sister and brother-in-law live a lean life and consumed by housework. The money left by Carrie every week is not enough for her car fares, let alone clothes, laces, ribbons, etc. And none of those things is in the range of her purchase. Second, in the shoe factory, the machines work intensively. Carrie is not strong. Her shoulders and necks ache in bending over and she is totally exhausted every day. “As Carrie listened to this and much more of similar familiar badinage among the men and the girls, she instinctively withdraws into herself. She feared that the young boys about would address such remarks to he r” (LI Wei, 2011: 278). The wholeatmosphere of the shoe factory is sordid.Carrie does not like to bear the hard work, the foul working condition and the human environment. She hopes to break away from the factory to enjoy physical comfort and from such uncouth men to keep her calm. Third, as the rigorous winter is around the corner, Carrie worries about the problem of winter clothes, for she has nothing to wear. At last, as a result of illness she loses the job and to return hometown seems to be the only choice.According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, if the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, there then emerge the safety needs. The problem is that whether she can satisfy it or not, it depends on the reality which supplies enough conditions or not, besides her own effort. Carrie understands that it is impossible to buy dress and entertain herself by her personal diligence. Drouet is, for Carrie, an escape. She does not love him, but he means a source of amazement, and she recognizes that the relative opulence of his chambers and department he procures for Carrie are the signs of that for which she is striving. Eventually she betrays herself to become Drouet’s mistress to realize her safety need. Carrie and Drouet pay a visit all round the city and go shopping, take part in various activities, enjoy delicious foods. It seems that Carrie has never hesitated,“Money! Money! What a thing it was to have! How plenty of it would clear away all the troubles” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 82). She surrendered to the magic of money. At the second stage of material pursuit, Carrie has a much stronger desire. She falls in love with it without reason.2.2 Carrie’s higher level needs2.2.1 The love and belonging needs — awaking stepAs the plot goes, the author depicts a panorama of rising needs and desire. On one hand, Carrie is not just satisfied with living together with Drouet:That young lady, under the stress of her situation and the tutelage of hernew friend, changed effectively. She the glow of a more showy life was notupon her. She did not grow in knowledge so much as she awakened in thematter of desire. Mrs. Hale’s extended harangues upon the subjects ofwealth and position taught her to distinguish between degrees of wealth.(Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 140)When she comes to her own room, Carrie sees her comparative poverty. She is not comparing it with what she has had, but what she has seen recently. She begins toponder what, after all, Drouet is and what she is. On the other hand, Carrie fears of losing Drouet’s affection, of being abandoned, and also she longs for someone to sympathize with her, but not let her ponder and wonder. It makes clear to Carrie that Drouet could not understand her. He just cares about her beauty. When Carrie is sorrow, he only asks her to dance. Carrie feels lonely and forsaken. What’s more, Carrie believes Drouet does not plan to marry her. He prefers the single state to any legal bondage. These two sides wake up Carrie’s deep desire. She “hopes to live an extravagant life but not from hand to mouth” (Peng Dankui, 1995: 74). She is eager to be understood and loved. Drouet is only an intermediary in her movement from poverty to affluence. Carrie is ready and longs to change.More wealth and higher status are Carrie’s new goal. At this time, Hurstwood becomes another male stepladder to gratify her needs both in material and spirit. Hurstwood can give her a life of honor. Carrie recognizes the quality of Hurstwood’s clothes, his style and his bearing as distinct improvements on Drouet. Hurstwood shows his thoughts and feelings concerning Carrie. “In contrast, Hurstwood appeared strong and sincere. He had no easy manner of putting her off. He sympathized with her and showed her what her true value was. He needed her, while Drouet did not care” (Gao Chenke, 2011: 115).Though Carrie has achieved her material goal, all in all, she has another need—love. Carrie begins to care about her inner thoughts, which takes the first step of exploring her spirit. Carrie’s spirit pursuit is based on material pursuit.2.2.2 The esteem needs — advanced developmentAfter becoming Hurstwood’s mistress, in a material way, Carrie is considerably improved. Hurstwood writes her regularly-a letter every morning. They both enjoy the happy days. Carrie has an opportunity to take part in a play. It is not an important thing, but because of the prestige of Hurstwood, it is significant. “By the time of the 16th had arrived Hurstwood’s friends had rallied like Romans to a senator’s call. A well-dressed, good-natured, flatteringly-inclined audience was assured from the moment he thought of assisting Carrie”(Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 209). Carrie moves into a new environment. She feels the respect and power of celebrities. Carrie’s needs develop further: the esteem needs. That is the desire for confidence and appreciation:There was nothing bold in her manner. Life had not taught herdomination-superciliousness of grace, which is the lordly power of somewomen. Her longing for consideration was not sufficiently powerful tomove her to demand it. Even now she lacked self-assurance, but there wasthat in what she had already experienced which left her a little less thantimid. She wanted pleasure, she wanted position. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979:176)For Carrie she is nervous. She hopes the play could succeed to gain confidence and appreciation, “The glamour, the tense situation, the fine clothes, the applause, these had lured her until she felt that she, too, could act-that she, too, could compel acknowledgment of power” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 192). Carrie tries best to explore her potentials.2.2.3 The self-actualization needs — ultimate goalHurstwood coaxes Carrie to elope to New York. But he is merely another man who either cannot hold or find a job. He forces to begin the battle for place and comfort all over again. But his situation becomes worse and worse. At the beginning, he strolls about, and then he just picks his papers up, and stays for day after day. At last, he becomes a beggar completely, lived by other’s charity. Finally he committed suicide by turning on the gas in a Bowery flophouse. When the attraction of material disappears, it is inevitable for Carrie to abandon Hurstwood. The physiological and safety needs play an important role now. Carrie begins to make a livelihood on her own. Different from the former experience, this time, she is successful by her own power without depending on some other men. Carrie becomes an actor because of her pretty-look and her diligence. Her salary rises from 30 dollars to 150 dollars per week. She becomes a famous star. She could possess of her gowns and carriage, her furniture and bank account. But she is alone, “It does not take money long to make plain its important, providing the desires are in the realm of affection. With one hundred and fifty in hand, Carrie could think of nothing particularly to do. In itself, as a tangible, apparent thing which she could touch and look upon, but this soon passed” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 548).After Carrie gains her economic status, there is only self-actualization need left. And Ames helps Carrie sublimate her spiritual pursuit into the world of literature and philosophy. Ames isn’t attracted by Carrie’s beauty, but there is something in him that has attracted her. Ames says to Carrie that riches are not everything, and there is always a great deal more in the world than she has known. Carrie understands that the thingsAmes pointed out is not money, or clothes, or applauses but a kind heart to serve others. It is an aesthetic world of which Carrie has not dreamed of and which she recognizes as a new peak to conquer and a new level to achieve. Carrie moves to the highest needs, which states that the true value of life is not in what we get but in what we give. This is the ultimate goal in her spiritual world.Chapter 3 Drouet’s needs3.1 Drouet’s primary needs3.1.1 The physiological needs: the pursuit of CarrieDrouet is a man who has a keen desire for the feminine. In the driving of the sexual instinct, he will involuntarily chase every beautiful woman he meets. After seeing beautiful pure Carrie on the train, he is attracted by her. With beautiful clothes, grandiose talk and his experiences of chatting up girls, Drouet wins Carrie’s favor. Just as the author says:Let him meet with a young woman once and he would approach her withan air of kindly familiarity, not unmixed with pleading, which would resultin most cases in a tolerant acceptance. If she showed any tendency tocoquetry he would be apt to straighten her tie, or if she “took up” with himat all, to call her by her first name. If he visited a department store it was tolounge familiarly over the counter and ask some leading questions. In moreexclusive circles, on the train or in waiting stations, he went slower. If someseemingly vulnerable object appeared he was all attention to pass thecompliments of the day to lead the way to the parlor car, carrying her grip,or, failing that, to take a seat next her with the hope of being able to courther to her destination. Pillows, books, a footstool, the shade lowered; allthese figured in the things which he could do. If, when she reached herdestination he did not alight and attend her baggage for her, it was because,in his own estimation, he had signally failed. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979:5) Drouet’s chasing for young beautiful girls is not because he is a cold-blooded, black heart, scheming villain, but because he is full of lust. When Drouet meet Carrie in the street secondly, Carrie was looking for a job and has no winter clothes to wear. Then he use Carrie’s plight to persuade her to leave her sister’s home and l ive together with him. After Carrie beca me Drouet’s mistress, Drouet didn’t have the plan to marry her. In the second part of the novel, Drouet and Carrie met again in New York, after he tried to mend fences and Carrie refused, he was not feeling so sad. Because, for him, he canfind a woman for pleasure wherever. Losing Carrie is not so important for him. At the end of the novel, on the night of a big snowstorm, he is talking with a partner to discuss where to look for a woman to have fun.3.1.2 The safety needs: the satisfaction of materialThe great industrial development in American brings about the booming of the cities like Chicago and New York. At the same time, the social gap between the rich and the poor is widening. People are obviously graded. Whether having high material consumption ability has almost become the sole criterion of level division. Drouet is divided into middle class in this social background. He doesn’t have to live in poverty like Hanson, but not as well as Hurstwood has a wealthy family and prominent position. He is good at enjoying life and the pursuit of a higher level of material comforts, immersed in his salesman career and tried to improve his social status. In his view, his life is fulfilling and almost perfect. He dressed in fashion style, wearing a striped plaid wool suit, white and pink striped shirt, gold-plated button, covered with yellow agate known as the “cat ey e”. His vest dangled a neat gold watch chain, matched with a pair of glowing shoes and a fedora. This fashionable dress greatly satisfied the vanity of him. Drouet’s s afety needs come to be realized in the abundant material world.Drouet likes to have dinner at Rector’s,a restaurant he believes that successful person would go. After dinner, he likes to go to th e resort of Fitzgerald and Moy’s to drink a glass of whiskey and enjoy a couple of cigars. In such a place, he can get to know a variety of celebrities, in order to increase the capital to show off and meet his vanity. The author has described it in detail:Rector’s, with its polished marble walls and floor, its profusion of lights, itsshow of china and silverware, and, above all, its reputation as a resort foractors and professional men, seemed to him the proper place for asuccessful man to go. He loved fine clothes, good eating, and particularlythe company and acquaintanceship of successful men. When dining, it wassource of keen satisfaction to him to know that Joseph Jefferson was wontto come to this same place, that Henry E. Dixie, a well known performer ofthe day, was then only a few tables off. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 39) As a successful salesman, Drouet believes that it is an honor to be able to make celebrities. At the same time, the big company he is working for also let him feel glory. With the reputation of Bartlett, Caryoe & Company, his work goes well. Although he isnot rich, also does not have a high social status, but he is good at communication, appropriate interaction with others, which also provides a possibility of success in his career. Living with Carrie, Drouet’s career developed gradually and his social status improved accordingly. When he and Carrie meet again, he has been responsible for a branch and is about to establish his own company. He can meet Carrie’s desire for material. He bought her beautiful dresses and coats, purchased cosmetics and went to the theatre with her. But objectively speaking, he was too concerned with material life, treat feelings do not serious. This is also the most dissatisfied for Carrie.3.2 Drouet’s higher level needsAlthough the physiological and material satisfaction is very important for Drouet, he has some higher level of needs. As a traveling salesman, Drouet’s social status is not high. He frequently went to the restaurants and pubs which celebrities always went to. In addition to the pursuit of material comforts, but also he is in the search for a social identity and the sense of belonging. Eating and talking together with the upper-class people, let him have a feeling of integrated into the society.His pursuit of Carrie is not only to satisfy his needs for sex, but also to get rid of the emptiness.Due to his work requirement, Drouet often go to travel around, and he is lacking of group sense of belonging. While Carrie as his mistress, can bring him some emotional comfort.In addition, Carrie’s young and beautiful can meet Drouet’s vanity. And he can show off in social occasions. However, Carrie is not the only choice for Drouet. Instead of creating a stable family, the best way to meet his spiritual emptiness is to seek new love affairs constantly. That is also the reason why he does not marry Carrie.。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例分析

案例：高校辅导员队伍职业化、专业化和专家化是高校改革与发展和学生成才的需要,也是高校学生工作队伍自身发展的需要。

用马斯洛需求层次理论分析当前辅导员队伍存在的问题,不难看出作为三化建设主体的辅导员队伍在三化建设进程中的需求。

通过一个科学的职业定位、一个明确的发展方向、一个客观的公众认同、一个合理的科研平台、一套完善的德育职称评定体系、一套科学的培训体系,可以有效解决辅导员队伍三化建设中存在的问题,满足辅导员队伍的需求,促进辅导员队伍的三化建设。

与这一选择相反的是,现实中却很少有人会把辅导员工作视为一种终身事业,也很少有人渴望成为一名专家级辅导员,甚至马虎应付,偷工减料等职业道德问题以及牢骚满腹等工作现象发生在个别辅导员身上。

这些问题严重阻碍了辅导员队伍三化建设的进程。

分析这些问题出现的原因,不排除有个别辅导员素质底下的可能,但更主要的还应是辅导员的一些正当需求没有得到满足。

一、用马斯洛层次需求理论分析当前辅导员队伍存在的问题1.生理需求。

这是人类维持自身生存的最基本要求,包括衣食住行等方面的要求。

如果这些最基本的需要得不到满足,人类生存就成了问题。

高校辅导员工作没有严格的作息时间界限,随时有事随时处理,24小时从无间断,面对思想活跃、身心素质以及辨别是非能力较差的学生,辅导员的身心很难得到放松。

而相对于如此高的工作强度,辅导员享受的待遇目前来说却是比较低的:一是经济地位较低,由于工作性质,辅导员一少课堂、二少科研,更不能从事第二职业,主要靠工资吃饭,收入处于相对较低的水平;二是评审职称困难,许多学校没有把他们列入专业教师队伍,只晋升行政级别,不给评定教师职称,行政级别就像金字塔,领导岗位少,能走到上层领导岗位的毕竟只占少数,而教师职称、行政级别与工资待遇又是息息相关的。

2.安全需求。

安全需求包括对人身安全、生活稳定以及免遭痛苦、威胁或疾病等的需求。

和生理需求一样,人类在没有得到满足之前,唯一关心的就是这种需求。

马斯洛需求案例

马斯洛需求案例马斯洛的需求层次理论是心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在20世纪50年代提出的一种心理需求层次结构理论，被认为是人类心理需求的一种分类方式。

该理论将人类需求分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求五个层次，这些需求按照一定的顺序逐渐呈现，只有满足了较低层次的需求，才会渴望满足更高层次的需求。

下面我们通过几个案例来具体分析马斯洛需求层次理论在现实生活中的应用。

案例一，小明的成长之路。

小明是一个普通的大学生，他在大一的时候，由于家庭经济条件有限，经常感到生活上的压力，他的生理需求并没有得到充分满足。

但是随着大学学业的进步，小明逐渐获得了一份兼职工作，解决了自己的物质需求，同时也在社交方面建立了友谊和爱情关系，满足了社交需求。

在大学期间，小明的学业成绩也逐渐提高，获得了老师和同学们的认可，满足了尊重需求。

最终，小明在大学毕业时获得了一份理想的工作，实现了自我实现的需求。

案例二，张女士的职场困惑。

张女士是一名职场新人，她在公司工作了几年，由于工作压力大，经常加班，导致她的生理需求得不到充分满足。

同时，由于工作环境的不稳定和竞争压力，她的安全需求也无法得到满足。

在这样的情况下，张女士感到焦虑和困惑，她觉得自己缺乏社交关系，无法得到他人的认可和尊重，社交需求也未得到满足。

最终，张女士决定在职场上寻找新的发展机会，通过努力工作和学习，提升自己的能力和价值，最终实现了自我实现的需求。

案例三，王先生的退休生活。

王先生是一名退休教师，他在工作期间一直为了家庭和学生付出，但是由于工资水平不高，他的生理需求和安全需求一直没有得到充分满足。

然而，随着年龄的增长和退休后的生活，王先生开始享受生活，与家人和朋友们建立了更加紧密的社交关系，满足了社交需求。

同时，他也开始参加各种兴趣爱好的活动，充实自己的生活，满足了尊重需求。

最终，王先生通过自己的努力和追求，实现了自我实现的需求，过上了幸福美满的退休生活。

马斯洛需要层次理论案例分析

马斯洛需要层次理论案例分析周老师是小学四年级的班主任，学期刚开学时班上转来一名学生小丽，学习成绩一般，学习主动性、积极性都不高，上课打瞌睡、课后不交作业。

近两个月来小丽的学习成绩一直下降，引起了周老师的注意。

通过观察与了解，周老师得知小丽的父母外出做生意，把她送到了外婆家，外婆对小丽的学习要求不高，只要求有所进步。

小丽性格腼腆，在学校又不爱参加课外活动，所以同学们对她都很疏远，连位知心的朋友都没有。

有时小丽被班上调皮的学生欺负，也因为胆小而不敢告诉老师或家长。

（1）根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，分析小丽的哪些需要没有得到满足？（2）如果你是周老师，你将如何引导小丽走出困境？（1）小丽的归属与爱的需要(社交需要)、安全需要、求知的需要(认知与理解的需要)都没有得到满足。

①小丽归属与爱的需要没有得到满足。

归属与爱的需要也称为社交需要，包括被人爱与热爱他人、希望交友融洽、保持和谐的人际关系、被团体接纳的归属感等。

小丽父母外出做生意，都不在身边，加上小丽性格腼腆,在学校又不爱参加课外活动，所以同学们对她都很疏远，连位知心的朋友都没有。

这些都说明她归属与爱的需要没有得到满足。

②小丽安全需要没有得到满足。

安全需要是指希望受保护与免遭威胁从而获得安全感的需要。

父母不在家，小丽本身就没有安全感;有时小丽还会被班上调皮的学生欺负，也因为胆小而不敢告诉老师或家长，这些都说明了小丽安全的需要没有得到满足。

③小丽的求知需要也没有得到满足。

求知需要又称认知与理解的需要，是指个人对自身和周围世界的探索、理解及解决疑难问题的需要。

学习成绩一般，学习主动性、积极性都不高，上课打瞌睡、课后不交作业，这此都说明小丽学习不够认真努力，没有学习动力，其求知的需要没有得到满足。

（2）假如我是周老师，我会从以下几个方面帮助小丽：①平常多和小丽沟通交流，多关心爱护小丽，让她感受到老师对她的爱，尽量满足其归属与爱的需要。

②和小丽的家长多沟通,让他们能抽出时间多陪陪小丽，让她能感受到家人的关心爱护，给她安全感，满足其安全的需要。

马斯洛的需求层次理论的运用

用马斯洛的需求层次理论与顾客进行语言沟通
1.自我实现:您可能会因为上班坐车而感到头疼与烦燥呢？汽车做为日常出行的交通工具之一，可以很好的满足您的需求。

汽车可以给你的出行带来便利，减少因上班坐车带来的时间浪费，增加您的睡眠时间可以更好地工作，实现您工作的保障，提高您的工作质量同时您可以用汽车进行出游和其他活动、实现自我的超越，满足您的需求。

2尊重需求:您的身份和地位可能会是很高的，也可能是不是太好的，一辆汽车可以让您有很好的尊重和被人认同感。

汽车可能是您彰显身份的象征，一辆汽车可能会对您的工作和生活有很好很多的帮助。

同时您可以将汽车作为自我认可的象征，增强您的自信，给您的生活质量进行一个提高。

3.社交需求：汽车作为出行的工具，汽车可以让您有很好的归属感，有一辆汽车可以让您与家人之间有更好的感情交流，汽车可以方便您的交友，让您可以更好地与其他人交流和交往，让您找到好的归属感，满足您的需求。

4.安全需求：汽车较其他交通工具有一定的安全性，您购买汽车可以满足因乘坐其他交通工具而造成的人身伤害，可以让您的安全有一定的保障，汽车有很好的售后和保险服务，让您对购买汽车没有任何的后顾之忧，同时您还可以对汽车进行任何的检修，店铺都会进行检修，让您没有任何的忧虑。

5生理需求：您对汽车仅是觉得要买，作为交通工具，其实呢，汽车可以为您提供各方面的要求，汽车有很好的安全保障，您可以用来
出行、旅行等等，满足您对出行的要求，您可以用来交友和恋爱，这样也有好的结果，可能您对汽车仅是对交通工具的了解，但是它还是有很多其他方面的需要，您去了解。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1对饥饿的人，它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析：马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要，是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要，如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

二安全需要1买渤海保险，享泰达人生----渤海保险2尖端科技，平安领先----睿翼监控分析：安全需求是人们表现为要求稳定安全受到保护有秩序能免除恐惧和焦虑的欲求。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物，由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加，为了未来能有一个稳定的生活，买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定，财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器，为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

三爱与归属需要1牛奶香浓，丝般感受----德芙巧克力2给你一个五星级的家----房地产分析：我们生活在这个社会大家庭里面，作为成员希望获得友情亲情爱情。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱，有了归属感，我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人，别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析：尊重是一个严肃的话题，因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人，我们是好男人，我们要自尊，我们要受到别人的尊敬。

这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么，怎样才能受到别人的尊重。

给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路。

只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足。

马斯洛需求层次理论案例

马斯洛需求层次理论一生理需要1 对饥饿的人，它能给予的最多----坎贝尔浓缩汤2 北极熊耐寒之迷----北极熊牌冬装分析：马斯洛所说的生理需要是各类需要中最基本的需要，是个体为了维持生存和发展对基本生活资料的需要，如空气、水、吃饭、穿衣、住宅、医疗等。

给了他们渴望与动力。

“衣食足则知荣辱”说的就是这个道理。

保险是现代经济社会发展的产物，由于经济的发达致使人生的不稳定性大大增加，为了未来能有一个稳定的生活，买保险就是一个不错的选择。

社会不稳定，财富的增加。

为了自己的财富不受到损失。

用先进的监视器，为自己的财富加一道保险何乐而不为。

正好满足了人们安全防范这个层次的需要。

德芙巧克力体现的是情侣之间细腻甜美的爱情。

房地产则给你一个温馨的家。

这样我们就有了爱，有了归属感，我们的情感就有了寄托。

这就是马斯洛所说的爱与归属的需要层次。

四尊重需要1好男人的郎酒----郎酒集团2尊重别人，别人才能更尊重自己----公益广告分析：尊重是一个严肃的话题，因为这是相互的。

自我尊重受到尊重是尊重需要的俩个方面。

好男人的郎酒形象的道出了男人自我尊重的重要意义。

我们要做一个好男人，我们是好男人，我们要自尊，我们要受到别人的尊敬。

这一则公益广告简单的点出了我们为什么，怎样才能受到别人的尊重。

给我们指明了一条受到别人尊重的路。

只有这样我们心中的尊重感才能得到满足。