2009秋季研-期终考卷(A卷答案)

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2009年河南省豫东三校高二生物下学期期中联考试题及答案

2009年河南省豫东三校高二生物下学期期中联考试题及答案

豫东三校2008—2009学年度第二学期期中联考高二生物试题本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

满分72分。

时间60分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共72分)一、选择题(本题包括16小题,每小题2分,共32分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.在下列各项细胞的生命活动中,都要有高尔基体参与的是( )A .细胞壁的形成、细胞膜的更新、抗体的释放B .葡萄糖的氧化分解、唐元的合成、激素的分泌C .蛋白质的合成、氨基酸的分解、内吞和外排D .ATP 的合成、DNA 的复制、CO 2的产生和释放2.下列与“用高倍显微镜观察叶绿体和细胞质流动”实验有关的表述,正确的是( )A .不选幼根作实验材料,因为根细胞无叶绿体,其细胞质也不流动B .叶绿体的形态和分布不会随着光照强度和方向的改变而改变C .细胞中叶绿体的位置移动是细胞质流动的标志D .植物细胞质流动的速度,标志着该细胞同化作用的强弱3.下列有关细胞的叙述不正确的是( )A .所有由细胞构成的生物都是以DNA 作为遗传物质B .组成同一个体的所有细胞含有完全相同的基因,所含酶的种类也完全相同C .细胞分化的实质是细胞内基因的选择性表达,而细胞的癌变则是细胞畸形分化的结果D .在生物体内,细胞的分化是一个持久性、不可逆的过程,在胚胎时期达到最高4.下列有关ATP 的叙述,不正确的是( )A .在有氧和无氧的条件下,细胞质基质都能形成ATPB .ATP 中的能量可以来源于光能、化学能,也可以转化为光能和化学能C .人体内成熟的红细胞中没有线粒体,但能产生ATPD .ATP 中的“A ”与ATP 彻底水解后生成的“A ”表示同一种物质5.若在宇宙飞船的太空实验室里(失重条件下)进行以下实验,其中最难完成的是( )A .细胞融合实验B .叶绿体中色素的提取和分离实验C .动物神经纤维兴奋的传导实验D .诱变育种实验 6.酵母菌无氧呼吸产生N mol 的CO 2,人在正常情况下消耗等量的葡萄糖,可以形成CO 2( )A .B .C .6ND .3N 7.下列关于植物生长素作用及其应用的叙述中,不正确的是( )A .成熟细胞比幼嫩细胞对生长素更为敏感7N 3N 12B.顶端优势能够说明生长素作用的两重性C.适宜茎生长的一定浓度的生长素往往抑制根生长D.可利用生长素类似物防止落花落果8.某生物有四对染色体.假设一个初级精母细胞在产生精细胞的过程中,其中一个次级精母细胞在分裂后期有一对姐妹染色单体移向了同一极,则这个初级精母细胞产生正常精细胞和异常精细胞的比例为()A.1﹕1 B.1﹕2 C.1﹕3 D.0﹕49.在荠菜胚的发育过程中,若球状胚体有16个细胞组成,则受精卵分裂的次数为() A.2次 B.3次 C.4次 D.5次10.在采用鸡血为材料对DNA进行粗提取的实验中,若需进一步提取杂质较少的DNA,可以依据的原理是()A.在0.14mol/L的氯化钠溶液中DNA的溶解度最小B.DNA遇二苯胺在沸水浴的条件下会染成蓝色C.DNA不溶于酒精而细胞中的一些物质易溶于酒精D.0.1g/mL的柠檬酸钠溶液具有抗凝血作用11.下列实验中没有应用放射性同位素示踪技术的是()A.验证光合作用释放的氧全部来自水B.噬菌体侵染细菌的实验C.肺炎双球菌的转化实验D.研究分泌蛋白的合成分泌途径12.已知某个DNA分子中含有500个碱基对,其中一条链上A﹕G﹕T﹕C=1﹕2﹕3﹕4.该DNA 分子连续复制数次后,消耗环境中含G的脱氧核苷酸4500个,则该DNA分子已经复制()A.3次 B.4次 C.5次D.6次13.某种鼠中,黄鼠基因A对灰鼠基因a为显性,短尾基因B对长尾基因b为显性,且基因A 或b在纯合时使胚胎致死,这两对基因是独立遗传的.现有两只双杂合的黄色短尾鼠交配, 理论上所产生的子代表现型比例为()A.2﹕1 B.9﹕3﹕3﹕1C.4﹕2﹕2﹕1 D.1﹕1﹕1﹕114.下列说法正确的是()A.水稻(2N=24)一个染色体组有12条染色体,水稻单倍体基因组有13条染色体B.普通小麦的花药离体培养后,长成的植株细胞中含三个染色体组,是三倍体C.三倍体与三倍体杂交,后代不全是三倍体D.马和驴杂交的后代骡是不育的二倍体,而蜂群中的雄蜂是可育的单倍体15.下列优良品种与遗传学原理相对应的是()A.三倍体无子西瓜——染色体变异B.射线诱变出青霉素高产菌株——基因重组C.无子番茄——基因突变D.花药离体培养得到的矮秆抗病玉米——基因重组16.果蝇的体色由常染色体上的一对等位基因控制,基因型BB、Bb为灰身,bb为黑身。

同济大学2009砌体结构-A-答案

同济大学2009砌体结构-A-答案

同济大学本专科课程期中考试统一命题纸A卷2008-2009学年第二学期课程:砌体结构专业:土木工程考试日期:2009年月日课号:03118501 姓名:班级:任课教师:学号:考试/考查出考卷教师签名:教学管理室主任签名:一、判断题:(正确的打√,错误的打×,每题2分,共20分)1.在轴心受压砌体的块体中不产生弯曲应力和剪应力。

(×)2.确定砌体材料的抗拉强度时,可不考虑竖向灰缝的作用。

(√)3.房屋的空间性能影响系数η越大,则房屋的空间刚度越大。

(×)4.对于矩形截面受压构件承载力计算中高厚比计算时,h总是取长边尺寸。

(×)5.由于配设钢筋网片,在竖向荷载作用下,钢筋因砌体横向变形而受压。

(×)6.挑梁承受的最大剪力在距墙边x0处。

(×)7.托梁跨中正截面承载力计算按钢筋混凝土受弯构件计算。

(×)8.无论在什么情况下过梁上的荷载都应考虑梁、板荷载。

(×)9.组合砖墙的施工程序应为先砌墙后浇混凝土构造柱。

(√)10.当砂浆强度偏低时,砖砌平拱过梁端部易发生剪切破坏。

(√)二、简答题:(共40分)11.无筋砌体受压构件对偏心距e有何限制,当超过限制值时应如何处理?(5分)e≤0.6y,可调整构件截面尺寸, 设置缺口垫块,采用钢筋混凝土或钢筋砂浆面层配筋砌体。

12.试简单解释砖砌体抗压强度远小于砖的强度等级,而又大于砂浆强度等级较小时的砂浆强度等级?(3分)砖砌体中由于块材表面不平整,块材受力不均匀;砌体中的砖受附加水平拉力,竖向灰缝处存在应力集中,这些原因加快了砖块材的破坏,所以砖砌体抗压强度远小于砖的强度等级。

由于砌体结构抗压强度不仅与砂浆的强度等级有关还与砌块的强度等级有关,并且强度较低的砂浆的横向变形大于块材的横向变形,所以砂浆受到周边的附加压力,所以砌体的抗压强度大于强度等级较低的砂浆的强度。

13.根据墙、柱的不同受力情况,混合结构房屋有哪几种承重体系?各适合于何种情况(8分)混合结构房屋承重体系有:横墙承重体系,适用于开间较小,宿舍、住宅等房间规则的房屋;纵墙承重体系,适用于单层以及多层空旷房屋,食堂、教学楼等;纵、横墙承重体,适用于平面布置较灵活,教学楼、办公楼等;底框结构,房屋底层需大开间而上部为小开间的横墙或纵墙承重,底层商店、上层住宅等;内框架结构,适用于工业厂房、商店等需要大开间的房屋。

1.《计算机控制技术》2009秋国防科技大学考试试卷(A)卷 答案

1.《计算机控制技术》2009秋国防科技大学考试试卷(A)卷 答案

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得分 五、综合分析设计题( 14 分) 以下两题任选一题加以完成: 1. 给定控制对象的差分方程如下: y (k ) x1 (k ); x3 (k 1) u (k ) 2 x2 (k ) 3 x3 (k ) 求: ( 1)将差分方程化为对应离散状态方程的可控标准型; ( 2)判断离散系统的能控和能观性; ( 3)对该离散系统,试确定状态反馈系数矩阵 K ,使得由 u (k ) Kx(k ) r (k ) 与被控对象构成的闭环控制系统的极点为: Z1 0.1; Z 2 0.2; Z 3 0.3; (1) x1 (k 1) 0 1 0 x1 ( k ) 0 x1 (k ) x2 (k 1) 0 0 1 x2 ( k ) 0 u ( k ), y(k) (1 0 0) x2 (k ) (3分) x (k 1) 0 2 3 x ( k ) 1 x (k ) 3 3 3 2 (2)QC ( H GH G H ); 0 0 1 ...........................(2分) QC 0 1 3 ; 故QC 满秩,系统完全 1 3 7 C 1 0 0 ............(2分) QO CG ; QO 0 1 0 ; 故QO 满秩,系统可观 0 0 1 CG 2
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物化考卷A-答案中国药科大学

物化考卷A-答案中国药科大学

中国药科大学物理化学期末试卷(A卷)2008-2009学年第二学期(药学理科基地班)专业班级学号姓名核分人:一、选择题(每小题2分,共20分)( )vap m21221112(-)A. nB. lnC. =D. =constantH T TV pW RT lnV p RT THS pVTγ∆==∆∆2. 涉及焓的下列说法中正确的是( )A. 单质的焓值均等于零B. 在绝热可逆过程中焓变为零C. 在等温过程中焓变为零D. 化学反应中系统的焓变不一定大于内能变化3. 水溶液中的反应:422N H O C N C O(N H)→,测得不同起始尝试下的反应半衰期如下:起始浓度/mol⋅L-10.05 0.10 0.20t1/2/hr 37.03 19.15 9.49则此反应的反应级数是:()A. 1 级B. 2级C. 3级D. 0级4.蒽在光的作用下可以聚合为二蒽,二蒽在加热时会发生分解反应,达到化学平衡。

已知热分解反应的温度系数约为0.28(即每升高1K温度速率常数增加值)。

当达到光化学平衡时,每增加10K的温度,二的产量变化是多少?( )A.增加35.7% B.减少35.7% C.增加28% D.减少28%5. 298K时测定水-丙醇的蒸气压,当x丙醇=0.1时,测得平衡气相中总蒸气压为p总=4786Pa,y丙醇=0.3677,已知p水*=3173Pa,p丙醇*=2906Pa,则水的活度系数为:( )A. 0.954B. 1.06C. 0.943D. 1.006.在一密闭体系中,AgNO 3(s)加热部分分解达到以下平衡:2 AgNO 3(s) →Ag 2O(s)+2NO 2(g)+1/2O 2(g)此平衡系统自由度f 为A. f =1B. f =2C. f =3D. f =47. 在唐南(Donnan )平衡中,判断平衡的条件是: ( ) A. 膜两边的小离子浓度相等 B. 膜两边的总电荷相等C. 膜两边的小离子化学势相等D. 膜两边的小分子电解质化学势相等8.300K 时玻璃毛细管和不锈钢毛细管半径相同,水在毛细管中的升高高度相同,当水的温度降到274K 时,它们的升高高度分别为h 玻璃和h 不锈钢,则有: ( )A h 玻璃 = h 不锈钢B h 玻璃 > h 不锈钢C h 玻璃 < h 不锈钢D 无法确定9.如右图,实线为恒温线,虚线为恒容线,点划线为绝热线,星线为恒压线。

2009年秋学期期末考试九年级物理试题答案

2009年秋学期期末考试九年级物理试题答案

2009年秋学期期末考试九年级物理试题卷面总分:100分考试时间:100分钟一、填空题(毎空1分,共25分)1、我国家庭电路的电压是_____V,家庭用的电冰箱和电视机的连接方式是_____联。

2、改变物体内能的方式有做功和热传递两种。

在汽油机的压缩冲程中,活塞压缩燃料混合物使它的温度升高,是通过______的方式增加了燃料混合物的内能。

为了不让柴油机在工作时温度升得太高,在设计制造时,气缸外有一个水套,让气缸被水包围着,这样就可以通过_________的方式降低气缸的温度(减少气缸的内能).3、将一个10Ω的电阻与一个40Ω的电阻串联,等效电阻是_____Ω;若将它们并联,等效电阻是______Ω。

4、随着我国经济的发展,城市的建筑越修越高。

但如果不注意建筑上的物体(例如放在阳台上的花盆) 就会有“高空抛物砸伤人”的危险。

在物体落下的过程中,它具有的能转化成能,而且高度越高,落下来的物体做功越 (填“大”或“小”),所以危险性也越大。

5、电动自行车是一种绿色环保型助力车,电动车的电源是电压36V的铅蓄电池,电动机线圈的电阻是1Ω,工作时,通过电动机的电流是5A,那么电动车工作时电机消耗的电功率为________W,1min产生的热量是____ ___ J。

6、如图所示,在试管内装些水,用软木塞塞住,加热使水沸腾,水蒸气会把软木塞冲出。

图中情景演示的是“四冲程”热机工作过程中的冲程,这个情景中是内能转化为 ______能。

7、.如图,在研究斜面机械效率时,用15N的力将重量为25N的物体,沿斜面从底部拉到高为10cm的顶端,斜面长为20cm,则她做的有用功是 J,摩擦力是 N,机械效率是。

8、某导体两端电压为3V时,导体中的电流是0.3A;如果将电压增大到6V,导体中的电流为___________A;如果电压减小为1V,导体中的电流为__________A。

9、夏天,水泥马路的温度往往比河水高得多,这是由于.为此,县政部门经常派出洒水车向路面洒水降温,若某辆洒水车洒水时做匀速直线运动,洒水车的动能将(变大/变小/不变)。

2009年教育硕士考试英语二试卷一A真题及答案

2009年教育硕士考试英语二试卷一A真题及答案

2009英语二试卷一A[供报考学科教学(英语)专业考生使用]Section ⅠUse of English (20 minutes,10%)Section ⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes,50%)SectionⅠUse of English (20 minutes,10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank from A. B. C or D.Can you “think” yourself younger?Anti-aging may be more than herbs, creams, or exercise. Recently, more and more people are01 towards anti-aging psychology, a major claim of 02 is that anti-aging requires you to learn life 03 attitudes, beliefs. and coping skills that 04 youthfulness and health. It is said only 30% of your aging is predetermined by your genetic code, and the 05 is your decisions and attitude.So can you ―think‖yourself younger? Many people 06 these sorts of attitude adjustments as opposed to 07 your body with countless chemicals. Often, people say mind over matter, and to a degree 08 psychology works when you are looking 09 better performance on sports or other tests, but you cannot use your mind to 10 a physical injury, such as a broken bone, or in our 11 , get a wrinkle out of our forehead. Your attitude can change your 12 personality, and smiling may make other people 13 you more, but I am not sure it is truly anti-aging.14 , your attitudes and believes can change your outward appearance and 15 as a possible effective anti-aging agent 16 by changing your attitude you reduce stress, which is a large 17 in aging. So, indirectly you can ―think‖ yourself younger if your thoughts lead to less stress, but you will never become younger 18 simply thinking about becoming younger. Thinking positively and anti-aging is not 19 , rather thinking positively is correlated with anti-aging 20 it reduces stress and helps you live a more active life.01. [A] moving [B] going [C] turning [D] coming02. [A] that [B] which [C] what [D] who03. [A] enhanced [B] enhance [C] enhancing [D] enhances04. [A] include [B] constitute [C] construct [D] foster05. [A] rest [B] other [C] others [D] opposite06. [A] like [B] prefer [C] enjoy [D] support07. [A] covering [B] checking [C] changing [D] filling08. [A] positive [B] reliable [C] advanced [D] modern09. [A] for [B] to [C] at [D] up10. [A] deal [B] heal [C] reveal [D] recover11. [A] case [B] sense [C] mind [D] time12. [A] major [B] born [C] outward [D] obvious13. [A] to like [B] like [C] liking [D] liked14. [A] Therefore [B] However [C] Although [D] Furthermore15. [A] are [B] find [C] play [D] act16. [A] unless [B] but [C] if [D] after17. [A] problem [B] factor [C] issue [D] question18. [A] when [B] for [C] by [D] with19. [A] cause [B] caused [C] causing [D] causation20. [A] because [B] while [C] whether [D] howSectionⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%)Part ARead the following text and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D.The True Meaning of Self-HelpAccording to self-help expert Tony Robbins, walking barefoot across 1,000-degree red-hot coals ―is an experience in belief. It teaches people in the most intuitive sense that they can do things they never thought possible.‖I’ve done three fire walks myself, without chanting ―cool moss‖or thinking positive thoughts. I didn’t get burned. Why? Because charcoal is a poor conductor of heat, particularly through the dead calloused skin on the bottom of your feet and especially if you walk across the bed of coals as quickly as fire walkers are likely to do. Physics explains the ―how‖ of fire walking. To understand the ―why,‖ we must turn to psychology.In 1980 I attended a bicycle industry trade convention whose keynote speaker was Mark Victor Hansen, well known coauthor of the wildly popular Chicken Soup for the Soul book series. I was surprised that Hansen didn’t require a speaker’s fee, until I saw what happened after his talk; people were lined up out the door to purchase his motivation tapes. I listened to those tapes over and over during training rides in preparation for bicycle races.The ―over and over‖ part is the key to understanding the ―why‖ of what journalist Steve Salerno calls the Self-Help and Actualization Movement (SHAM). In his recent book: How the Self-Help Movement Made America Helpless, he explains how the talks and tapes offer a momentary lift of inspiration that fades after a few weeks, turning buyers into repeat customers. Surrounding SHAM is a builetproof shield: if your life does not get better, it is your fault--your thoughts were not positive enough. The solution? More of the same self-help--or at least the same message repackaged into new products. Consider the multiple permutations of John Gray’s Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. SHAM takes advantage by cleverly marketing the dualism of victimization and empowerment. SHAM experts insist that we are all victims of our wild and cruel ―inner children‖ who are produced by painful pasts that create negative ―tapes‖ that replay over and over in our minds. Liberation comes themselves, for prices that range from $500 one-day work-shops to Robbins’s $5,995 ―Date with Destiny‖ seminar. Do these programs work? No one knows. According to Salerno, no scientific evidence indicates that any of the countless SHAM techniques—from fire walking to 12-stepping—works better than doing something else or even doing nothing . The law of large numbers means that given the millions of people who have tried SHAMs. Inevitably some will improve. As with alternative, ineffective medicine, the body naturally heals itself and whatever the patient was doing to help gets the credit. Patient, heal thyself—the true meaning of self-help.21. What does Tony Robbins say about fire walks?[A] Fire walkers are actually cheaters.[B] Fire walkers should have experience.[C] Fire walking is a special experience.[D] Fire walking requires much self-confidence.22.‖…turning buyers into repeat customers‖ implies[A] SHAM may lead to a dramatic shopping inspiration.[B] SHAM believers buy more books of similar content.[C] usually SHAM will only last for several weeks.[D]tapes of Steve Salerno’s talks are sold at different time.23.the advantage that SHAM takes is possibly the[A] economic benefit.[B] scientific advances.[C] public indulgence.[D] believers’ vulnerability.24. What is the author’s attitude towards SHAM?[A] Critical.[B] Understanding.[C] Admiring.[D] Indifferent.25. The purpose of mentioning the prices (for prices that range from $500 … to …$5,995 …) is to[A] tell readers the actual cost of such activities.[B] satirize the high cost and a not-much-useful activity.[C] recommend some of the worthwhile soul trainings.[D] show the quality discrepancy among such activities.26. Which of the following statements would the author agree with?[A] SHAM will work together with certain medicine.[B] SHAM techniques are better than other techniques.[C] SHAM may work for only a small number of people.[D] SHAM works as effectively as physical healing.Part BYou are going to read an extract about the work of the Master of Ceremony. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (27-32). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use .Preparation for the Master of CeremonyThe Master of Ceremony (MC) performs a variety of duties during a program. As theMC you are responsible for getting things started, keeping the program moving, and closing the meeting. All that occurs between the opening and closing is your responsibility.27As in preparing for any speaking situation, it may work to your advantage to outline the program and then the ―body‖of the presentation before you prepare your introduction and conclusion. In some instances, however, your welcome may be an established custom, and is preparation may well be your first and easiest task.28In preparing the welcome, remember to start on time. Then, greet your guests and fellow members. Briefly make your remarks welcoming all present. Never let your welcome be presented impromptu. Plan ten wording carefully as your beginning is likely to set the mood for the entire program. If you are serious or humorous, the atmosphere will have thus been set for the occasion.29On the other hand, you don’t want people waiting for a speaker long after they have completed their dessert. It is best to prepare a time schedule for your entire program, check it with your caterer and speakers, and then stick to it as closely as you can.3As you arrange the program, have a reason for putting one event or speaker first, another second, and so on. This will help you provide continuity and will help the audience to see connections between speakers. In some instances, you may need to provide impromptu remarks to tie one speaker’s presentation to the next speaker.31Finally, as you prepare for the closing, review the suggestions in chapter 33 for the farewell speech. While the two are not exactly the same, there are similarities. Even the best program needs some sense of finality. Don’t simply dismiss your audience; you need to take a few seconds and thank the audience and tie the program to them one final time. Plan a way of tying the program to something in the future, and point out the benefits of having attended meeting.32As you can see, the preparation for being an MC is very extensive and needs to be planned carefully. Nothing should be left to chance. On the other hand, you should also prepare to speak, change, and adapt to the circumstances of the situation at hand. Adapt to the specific remarks of the speakers.[A] Next, prepare your introductions and transitional remarks so they tie your programtogether and provide continuity. When you speak, make your comments brief and related to the speeches or events that have just occurred or are about to take place.[B] It is essential that you keep a constant reminder that your purpose as MC is to; get thingsstarted, keep the program moving, and close the meeting. Resist any temptation during your preparation to think the audience has come to hear you. Whatever the occasion, you are not the featured speaker, so you will not want to ―spotlight‖ your speeches.[C] As you introduce speakers, remember, it is your responsibility in introducing speakers toarouse interest in the speaker and the speaker’s topic. Again, try to avoid lengthy or toobrief introductions. Otherwise, you may find yourself in a predicament by having used too much of the speaker’s time or not have properly prepared the audience for the speaker.[D] As a follow-up, stop and shake hands and thank all of your guest speakers again. Let themknow that you are pleased with their performance and appreciate their help in making your job easy and enjoyable. Wait until all guests have departed before leaving. It is generally rude and impolite for the MC to leave the banquet or dinner before the special guests.[E] Sometimes the MC has other responsibilities within the organization. These duties mustalso be maintained. Handle these first, so the duties do not interfere with your responsibilities as MC. Once you have accounted for your official duties, you can begin to prepare for the responsibilities of being MC.[F] Once the program is under way, it is your responsibility to see that things keep moving.Try to avoid long gaps of time between events, but you don’t want to rush things too quickly either. If it is a dinner or banquet, you don’t want to have people eating their main course while the guest is speaking.[G] On some occasions, you may also need to prepare yourself for either presenting orreceiving awards or gifts. As in the other speeches by the MC, these speeches are generally brief. All you need to do is to highlight the honoree and stimulate the audience to appreciate the person being honored.Part CYou are going to read a passage about habits. From the list of headings A – G. choose the best one to summarize each paragraph (33-38) of the passage. There is one extra heading that you do not need to use.Habits are bad only if you can’t handle them33We are endlessly told we’re creatures of habit. Indeed, making this observation as if it were original is one of the most annoying habits of pop psychologists. The psychologist William James said long ago that life ―is but a mass of habits …our dressing and undressing, our eating and drinking. our greetings and partings. our giving way for ladies to precede are things of a type so fixed by repetition as almost to be classed as reflex actions.‖What pop psychology can’t decide, though, is whether this state of affairs is good or bad. Are habits, properly controlled, the key to happiness? Or should we be doing all we can to escape habitual existence?34This isn’t a question of good versus bad habits: we can agree, presumably, that the habit of eating lots of vegetables is preferable to that of drinking a three-litre bottle of White Lightning each night. Rather, it’s a disagreement about habituation itself. Since habit is so much more powerful than our conscious decision-making. What are needed are deliberately chosen routines. No matter how hard you resolve to spend more time with your spouse, it’ll never work as well as developing the habit of a weekly night out or of doing the hardest task first each morning.35You on the other hand, as we know all too well, habits lose their power precisely because they’re habitual. An expensive cappuccino, once in a while, is a life-enhancing pleasure; an expensive cappuccino every day soon becomes a boring routine. Even proven therapeutic techniques. such as keeping a diary, work better when done occasionally, not routinely.36I don’t have an answer to this dilemma. But there is one way to get the best of both worlds: develop habits and routines that are designed to disrupt your habits and routines, and keep things fresh. One obvious example is the ―weekly review‖, which time-management experts are always recommending: a habit, yes, but one that involves stepping out of the daily habitual stream to gain perspective. Or take Bill Gates’s famous annual ―think week‖, in which he holes up in the mountains with a stack of books and journals, to reflect on future paths of action. You don’t need a week in the mountains, though: an hour’s walk in the park each week might prove as beneficial.37A smaller-scale kind of routinised disruption is a method known as burst working, involving tiny, timed sprints of 5 to 10minutes, with gaps in between. Each burst brings a microscopic but refreshing sense of newness, while each tiny deadline adds useful pressure, preventing a descent into torpor. Each break, meanwhile, is a moment to breathe – a miniature ―think week‖, to step back, assess your direction, and stop the day sliding into forgetfulness. 38All these techniques use the power of habituation to defeat the downsides of habituation. Like jujitsu (柔道). You’re turning the enemy’s strength against him; unlike jujitsu, we physically malcoordinated types can do it, too.[A] Breaking routines does not need a lot of time[B] Things done too much lose their value.[C] Psychologists are not sure about the value of habits.[D] It is possible to change habits deliberately.[E] Disrupting habits and routines may lead to fresh ideas.[F] There is a way out from habituation.[G] Habits are indication of laziness.Part DYou are going to read a passage about productive postponement. Decide whether the statements in the box agree with the information given in the passage. You should choose from the following:A Yes = the statement agrees with the information in the passageB No = the statement contradicts the information in the passageC NOT GIVEN = there is no information on this in the passageProductive postponementIt’s frustrating irony of the universe that the way to get something you really want is often not to want is so badly. Worry too hard about a task and the anxiety will prevent you performing your best: stop looking for love, goes the cliché, and that’s when you’ll find it. Try too hard to be happy and you’ll find yourself on a misery-inducing treadmill (单调的工作) of self-improvement efforts, contradictory advice and motivational seminars conducted by exceptionally dubious men in hotel ballrooms.The solution is to ―leg go‖ of worry, of seeking happiness. But implementing that advice is close to impossible: it’s a tall order just to stop feeling anxious or to stop wanting something you want. Mercifully, some authors offer a far more palatable alternative: instead of getting embroiled in trying to let go of thoughts and emotions that get in your way, postpone them instead.Understandably, putting things off has often been considered as undesirable: see the bestseller Excuse Me, Your Life Is Waiting and similar warnings not to ―postpone your dreams‖. But there’s a flipside –a technique you might call productive postponement. The psychiatrist Robert Leahy, for example, recommends ―worry postponement‖; writing down your worrier as they arise, and scheduling time to fret. It sounds strange, but there’s researchevidence for it, and logic: we worriers derive huge payoffs from worrying – we believe, on some level, that it makes things go better – and so the idea of giving if up can be terrifying. Just putting it off, safe in the knowledge that you can return to it later, is easier. (If you’re worried you’ll forget to worry, consider an email reminder service, and if worrying you’ll forget to worry strikes you as absurd, well. consider yourself lucky and welcome to my world.)Psychotherapists call techniques such as postponement ―metacognitive‖, meaning that they make you aware of your habitual thought processes, and therefore work more lastingly than, say, trying to relieve a particular worry by addressing its specific content. Postponement works with perfectionism, too. If you can’t get rid of the notion that some task must be done perfectly, can you suspend that requirement just for now, resolving to revert to your perfectionism at some predetermined point in the near future? The essayist Anne Lamott, in her book Bird By Bird, calls this the principle of ―shitty first drafts‖. but, like so much of her counsel, it applies beyond writing.NotNo givenYes39 The more we try to get something, the more difficult if[A] [B] [C]becomes.40 It is advisable to give up what we are looking for. [A] [B] [C]41 Temporarily postponing things may be a good way to[A] [B] [C]get what we want.42 If you forget your worries. They will disappear. [A] [B] [C]43 Most people forget about their worries if they[A] [B] [C]postpone worrying about them.44 If you want to do things perfectly, you have to[A] [B] [C]postpone.45 Sometimes things can be done better when postponed. [A] [B] [C]。

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题加答案

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题加答案

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer‘s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That‘s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we‘ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I‘ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think19. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,‖ William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ carries a ne gative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don‘t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they‘re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.―The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,‖ says Dawna Markova, author of ―The Open Mind‖ and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Part ners. ―But we are taught instead to ‗decide,‘ just as our president calls himself ‗the Decider.‘‖ She adds, however, that ―to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.‖A ll of us work through problems in ways of which we‘re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to2approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. ―This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,‖ explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book ―This Year I Will...‖ and Ms. Markova‘s business partner. ―That‘s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you‘re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.‖ This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.‖ ruts‖(in li ne one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova‘s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ? A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he‘s the kid‘s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.3Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family‘s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, ―There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,‖ says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father‘s line or mito chondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don‘t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK‘s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one‘s b irth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.4[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It‘s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry‘s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don‘t force it. After all, that‘s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn‘t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity‘s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced5economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn‘t const rain the ability of the developing world‘s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn‘t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was ―So much6important attached to intellectual pursuits ‖ Accord ing to many books and articles, New England‘s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans‘ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read th e magical words: ―come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.‖ One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many se ttles had slighter religious commitments than Dane‘s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . ―Our main end was to catch fish. ‖36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations738. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .8Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the ―survival of the fittest,‖ in which weaker races and societies must eventu ally be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people‘s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children‘s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery9making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section & Writing10Part A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. ―White pollution ‖is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly and2)make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)11。

09考研农学数学真题、标准答案及解析

09考研农学数学真题、标准答案及解析

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考数学试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内. (1)在(,)ππ-内,函数tan xy x=的可去间断点的个数为( ) ()A .0()B . 1 ()C .2()D .3【答案】()D 【解析】tan x y x =0x =,0lim 1tan x xx→=,0x =为可去间断点;2x π=±,2lim0tan x xxπ→±=,2x π=±为可去间断点.故共3个,选()D .(2)函数2ln(1)y x =+的单调增加图形为凹的区间是( )()A .(,1)-∞-()B .(1,0)- ()C .(0,1)()D .(1,)+∞【答案】()C 【解析】()()()()222222220012121201111xy x xx y x x x x x x '=>⇒>+-''=⋅+-⋅=>⇒-<<++取交集得:()0,1x ∈,选()C . (3)函数22()x x t f x e dt --=⎰的极值点为x =( )()A .12()B .14 ()C .14-()D .12-【答案】()A【解析】因()()()()()2222''212x x x x f x ex x x e ----=⋅-=-令()'0fx =,得12x =,又()()()()()()222222'2''22221222(12)(x x x x x x fx ex ex x x x x e ------⎡⎤⎡⎤=-+-⋅⋅--=-+-⋅-⎣⎦⎢⎥⎣⎦得''102f ⎛⎫≠ ⎪⎝⎭,故12x =为极值点,应选()A . (4)设区域{}22(,)2,0D x y x x y x y =≤+≤≥,则在极坐标下二重积分xydxdy =⎰⎰( )()A 2cos 220cos cos sin d r dr πθθθθθ⎰⎰()B 2cos 320cos cos sin d r dr πθθθθθ⎰⎰()C 2c o s 2c o sc o s s i nd r d rπθθθθθ⎰⎰()D 2cos 30cos cos sin d r dr πθθθθθ⎰⎰【答案】()B【解析】原积分32cos 2cos cos sin cos sin 22cos cos 00d r r rdr d r dr ππθθθθθθθθθθ=⋅⋅=⎰⎰⎰⎰. (5)设矩阵121242242A ab a ⎛⎫ ⎪=+ ⎪ ⎪+⎝⎭的秩为2,则( ) ()A .0,0a b == ()B . 0,0a b =≠ ()C .0,0a b ≠=()D .0,0a b ≠≠【答案】()C【解析】1211002422024220A ab ab a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=+→ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪+⎝⎭⎝⎭ 因为0a =时,()1r A =,所以0a ≠,1000000A ab a ⎛⎫⎪→ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭因为()2r A =,所以0b =,综上0,0a b ≠=.(6)设A 为3阶矩阵,*A 为A 的伴随矩阵,A 的行列式2A =,则*2A -=( )()A . 52-()B . 32- ()C .32 ()D .52【答案】A 【解析】2A = 又1312*22n A AAA --====*3*3252(2)(2)22A A ∴-=-⋅=-⋅=-.(7)设事件A 与事件B 互不相容,,则( )()A .()0P A B --==()B .()()()P AB P A P B == ()C .()1()P A P B =-()D .()1P A B --=⋃=【答案】()D【解析】因为,A B 互不相容,所以()0P AB =()A ()()1()P AB P A B P A B ==- ,因为()P A B 不一定等于1,所以()A 不正确 ()B 当(),()P A P B 不为0时,()B 不成立,故排除 ()C 只有当,A B 互为对立事件的时候才成立,故排除()D ()()1()1P A B P AB P AB ==-= ,故()D 正确.(8)设随机变量X 的分布函数1()0.3()0.7()2x F x x -=Φ+Φ,其中()x Φ为标准正态分布的分布函数,则EX =( )()A .0()B .0.3 ()C .0.7()D .1【答案】()C【解析】因为()()10.30.72x F x x -⎛⎫=Φ+Φ⎪⎝⎭, 所以()()0.710.322x F x x -⎛⎫'''=Φ+Φ ⎪⎝⎭, 所以()()10.30.352x EX xF x dx x x dx +∞+∞-∞-∞⎡-⎤⎛⎫'''==Φ+Φ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎰⎰()10.30.352x x x dx x dx +∞+∞-∞-∞-⎛⎫''=Φ+Φ ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰而()0x x dx +∞-∞'Φ=⎰,()()11221222x x x dx u u u du +∞+∞-∞-∞--⎛⎫''Φ=+Φ= ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰ 所以00.3520.7EX =+⨯=.二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上.(9)20lim(1sin 3x x x →+= .【答案】23e【解析】0222ln(1sin )lim ln(1sin )3300lim(1sin lim 3x x xx x x x x xee→++→→+==002sin2233limlim 3x x xx xxe ee →→⋅===(10)设2()ln(4cos 2)f x x x =+,则'()8f π= .【答案】41π+ 【解析】由2()ln(4cos 2)f x x x =+,[]'21()42cos 2(sin 2)24cos 2f x x x x x=+⋅-⋅+'124()44((42)18221122f ππππ⎡⎤=+⨯⨯-=-=⎢⎥++⎣⎦+. (11)设2()xf x e =,()ln x x ϕ=,则[]1(())(())f x f x dx ϕϕ+=⎰ .【答案】43【解析】()()()()2l n22,l n 2x xf x e x f x e xϕϕ====所以原式=()3122100142()1333x x x dx x +=+=+=⎰.(12)设(,)f u v 为二元可微函数,(sin(),)xyZ f x y e =+,则zx∂=∂__________________ 【答案】''12cos()xy f x y yf e ++ 【解析】根据复合函数求导法得:''12cos()xy zf x y yf e x∂=++∂. (13)设向量组(1,0,1)T α=,(2,,1)T k β=-,(1,1,4)Tγ=--线性相关,则k =___________【答案】1【解析】(1,0,1),(2,,1),(1,1,4)TTTk αβγ==-=--令12101114A k-⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭若α、β、γ线性相关,所以则330A k =-+=,1k ∴=(14)设总体X 的概率密度||1(,)2x f x e σσσ-=,x -∞<<+∞,其中参数(0)σσ>未知, 若12,,....,n x x x 是来自总体X 的简单随机样本,11ˆ||1ni i x n σ==-∑是σ的估计量,则ˆ()E σ=_____________. 【答案】1nn σ- 【解析】10001ˆ1112121211.1n i ii xxxt t t n E E x E x n n n n x n x e dx e dx te dt n n n n te dt n n n σσσσσσσσσσ==--+∞+∞+∞--∞+∞-==--=⋅=⋅−−−→---=-=-∑⎰⎰⎰⎰ 三、解答题:15-23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.(15)(本题满分10分)求极限[]24ln(1tan )limsin x x x x x→-+.【解析】[]2242200ln(1tan )ln(1tan )limlim sin sin sin x x x x x x x x xx x→→-+-+= 20ln(1tan )1limsin 2x x x x →-+==.(16)(本题满分10分)不定积分ln 2.2,,2t x t dx tdt === 原式=222ln(2)ln(2)222ln(2)ln(2)ln (2)ln (222t t tdt dt t d t t c c t t t ++⋅==++=++=+++⎰⎰⎰(17)(本题满分10分)曲线L 过点()1,1,L 上任一点(),(0)M x y x >处法线斜率2yx,求L 方程.【解析】法线斜率为1y-' 221122212y dx yxdx ydy y x dy xx y C ∴-=⇒-=⇒-='⇒-=+又由已知条件()13112y C =⇒=-2213022x y x ∴+-=∴= (18)(本题满分11分)讨论方程440x x k -+=实根的个数,其中k 为参数.【解析】令()44f x x x k =-+,则()()()'3244411f x x x x x =-=-++∴当1x >时,()'0f x >;当1x <时,()'0f x <;当1x =时,()'0f x =即()f x 在(),1-∞单调减,在()1,+∞单调增,在1x =处取得极小值,且为最小值.从而 ①()130f k =->时,方程无实根;②()130f k =-=时,方程有两个相同的实根;③()130f k =-<时,由于()lim x f x →∞=+∞,根据零点定理可得,方程有两个相异实根.(19)(本题满分11分) 计算二重积分1Dx dxdy -⎰⎰,其中D 是第一象限内由直线0,y y x ==及圆222x y +=所围成的区域.【解析】如图所示,则由题可知121(1)(1)DD D x dxdy x dxdy x dxdy -=-+-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰11)(1)0010x x dy dx x dy =-+-⎰⎰1(1)1x x x dx=-+-⎰51(16464ππ=-+=-(20)(本题满分10分)设1211211223A a aa a⎛⎫⎪=++⎪⎪---⎝⎭,若存在3阶非零矩阵B,使得AB O=.(Ⅰ)求a的值;(Ⅱ)求方程组0AX=的通解.【解析】(I)根据题目条件,知存在3阶非零矩阵B,使0AB=,即0AX=有非零解.A∴=,即1211211210(2)01223022a a a a a aa a a a++==-=----a∴=或2a=(II)当0a=时,121121123A⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥---⎣⎦,求0AX=的通解.121121120121000000123002001A⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥----⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦取自由未知量21x=,得[]12,1,0Tξ=-,即0AX=的通解[]1112,1,0Tx k kξ==-,(1k为任意常数). 当2a=时,121143101A⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦,求0AX=的通解.121121022011143022022000101101101101A⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=→→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥----⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦取自由未知量31x=,得[]21,1,1Tξ=-,即0AX=的通解[]2221,1,1Tx k kξ==-,(2k为任意常数). (21)(本题满分11分)设3阶矩阵A 的特征值为1,1,2-,对应的特征向量依次为1010α⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,2101α⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,3101α⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭.(Ⅰ)求矩阵A ; (Ⅱ)求2009A.【解析】(I )令()123,,,P ααα=则1100010,002P AP -⎡⎤⎢⎥=Λ=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦即1,A P P -=Λ利用初等行变换求1,P -有()011100100010100010011100011001011001100010100010110111000100,2200210111001022P E ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎢⎥⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥-⎣⎦()01110010101000100111000110010110011000101000101101110001002200210111001022P E ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎢⎥⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥-⎣⎦即10101102211022P -⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦,113022010.31022A P P -⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎢⎥=Λ=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎣⎦ (II )12009200912009200820082008200801001110011100010022011002110221120222010.1120222A P P A P P --=Λ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥∴=Λ=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥+-⎢⎥⎣⎦(22)(本题满分11 分)设随机变量X 的概率密度为2,()0,x a x bf x <<⎧=⎨⎩其他,21EX =.(Ⅰ)求a,b 的值; (Ⅱ)求{}1P x <. 【解析】(1)()2,0,x a x bf x <<⎧=⎨⎩其它故()2221baf x dx xdx b a +∞-∞==-=⎰⎰ ①()()23441212baE xx dx b a ==-=⎰② 由①②得到224412b a b a ⎧-=⎨-=⎩推得到223212b a ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩ 由概率密度函数的非负性,知0,0a b >>则22b a ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩(2)()()11111110222P X P X P X P X xdx ⎛⎛⎫<=-<<=-<<+<<=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. (23)(本题满分10 分)已知随机变量X 与Y 的概率分布分别为且{}4P X Y ==(Ⅰ)求二维随机变量(X,Y)的概率分布; (Ⅱ)求X 与Y 的相关系数XY ρ.【解析】(1)()14P X Y ==,即()11,14P X Y === 所以()()()11,011,14P X Y P X P X Y ====-===同理可得()()()11,01,004P X Y P X Y P Y =-===-==== 得到()1,00P X Y =-==()()()()11,111,01,11,02P X Y P X Y P X Y P X Y =-==-==-==-=-==则二维随机变量(),X Y 的概率分布是(2)由,XY Cov X Y E XY E X E Y ρ-==由二维随机变量(),X Y 的概率分布得到资料共享 QQ776597299 友情提供 新浪共享id :ncut20100930钻石卡高级辅导系统——全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题,成功率趋近100% - 11 -X 的边缘分布Y 的边缘分布则()()()()1100114E XY P XY P XY P XY =-=-+⋅=+⋅==-()()()1110E X P X P X =-=-+⋅==()()()300114E Y P Y P Y =⋅=+⋅==()()()221D X EX E X =-=⎡⎤⎣⎦ ()()()2239341616D YE Y E Y =-=-=⎡⎤⎣⎦ 所以10,3XY Cov X Y ρ--===.。

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版

2009年考研英语真题答案完整版:1-10 BADBC BDCAB11-20 CADDA DCBBD21-25 BDAAA26-30 ACAAB31-35DBBCC36-40 DDDAC41-45 35216Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46题有人说,测量任何学校的价值是扩大和提高经验的影响,这种影响是最初动机的一部分47题只有逐渐注意机构的副产品,并且逐渐增多,它才能初人民认为是机构产品的一个直接因素。

2009-2011高等代数(下)考试卷(A)

2009-2011高等代数(下)考试卷(A)

2009-2010学学年第二期 数高等代(下)期末考试试卷(A 卷)选择题题(本大共5题题小,每小3分,共15分) 1.( )义变换下列所定的σ哪个线变换,一是性(A)线间在性空V 设中,α为对一固定的非零向量,于任意的V ξ∈,义定()σξξα=+;(B) 在3R 义中,定221231233(,,)(,,)x x x x x x x σ=+;(C) 在3R 义中,定222222123131223(,,)(,,)x x x x x x x x x σ=+++;(D) 在[]P x 义中,定()0()()f x f x σ=,其中0x 为P 个数中一固定的。

2.( )实数在域R 中,由全体3阶阵构线间矩所成的性空V 维数为的 (A )2; (B )4; (C )6; (D )9。

3. ( ) 如果1V , 2V 线间是性空V 两个间的子空, 且()1dim 5V =, ()2dim 3V =,()12dim 6V V +=, 么那()12dim V V ∩为(A) 2 (B)3 (C)4 (D)5 4.( 设)σ为欧间氏空V 个线变换号的一性,符(,)αβ表示向量α和β内积的,则哪说与下列一法σ为变换正交不等价(A ) 对任意V α∈,有()(),()(,)σασααα=; (B ) 对任意,V αβ∈,有()(),()(,)σασβαβ=; (C )对任意,V αβ∈,有()()(),,()σαβασβ=;( D) σ组标阵阵在任意一准正交基下的矩是正交矩.5. ( ) 设A 和B 为数域P 上的n 阶阵则方,A 和B 当仅当相似且(A) A 和B 值有相同的特征; (B) A 和B 有相同的秩; (C) 为存在着行列式不零的n 阶阵方T 使得1B T AT −= ; ( D) A 和B 有相同的迹。

二、 填题空题(本大共5题题小,每小3分,共15分)1、设阶阵三方A 项为的特征多式32()225f λλλλ=−−−则, =||A ________。

湖北省黄冈中学2009秋季高二语文期末考试试题答案

湖北省黄冈中学2009秋季高二语文期末考试试题答案

湖北省黄冈中学2009秋季高二语文期末考试试题参考答案1.A (B.昵ní—nì匣jiá—xiá C.眶kuānɡ—kuànɡ怏yānɡ—yànɡ D.禅chán—shàn 箍kū—ɡū)2.B(A.瑕疵自惭形秽 C.喋血直截了当 D.国粹怨天尤人)3.D(日薄西山:太阳接近西山,比喻人的寿命即将终了或腐朽的事物临近死亡。

此处用来形容唐王朝的衰落是可以的。

A.不绝如缕:像细线一样连着,差点儿就要断了。

多用于形容局势危急或声音细微悠长。

此处可以换成“络绎不绝”。

B.耸人听闻:故意夸大事实说离奇的话,使人吃惊。

此处可换成“骇人听闻”。

C.一挥而就:一动笔就写成了,形容写字、写文章、画画快。

此处可换成“一蹴而就”。

)4.D(A.逻辑关系不清造成语序不当,“不仅”“而且”后的内容应调换。

B.句式杂糅,“主要成分”和“配制而成的”只能保留一个。

C.语意重复,“当务之急”指目前最紧要的事情,与“目前”重复。

)5.B(引号应去掉,并将两个分号改为逗号。

)6.D(属:通“嘱”,这里指劝人饮酒。

)7.C(①②都为介词,在;③④都为连词,但③表修饰关系,④表转折关系。

)8.C(被动句。

其余都为变式句,即倒装句。

A.介词结构后置,B.宾语前置,D.定语后置。

)9.A(这句话出自首段,引出易于出现文化焦虑症候的观点,文化焦虑症候的本质特征是不顾客观实际渴望强国认可且以他人标准为准则,而发展中国家希望公平参与不同于渴望认可,也未必是以他人标准为准则。

)10.B(“把自己的文化打造成强势文化”说法有误。

)11. C(A.“毫无意义”说法太绝对,原文是“没更大的意义”;B.根植于民族的土壤只是走向世界的一个必要条件;D.经济发达程度不是唯一标准。

)12.B(垂:流传。

)13.A(①②均为结构助词,相当于“的”。

B.都为介词,①为“因为”、②为“用”。

2009参考答案及解析

2009参考答案及解析

2009参考答案及解析【题目一】请你根据对题目的要求进行分析,做出正确的答案,并附上解析。

解析:对于题目一中的2009参考答案,我们需要给出对应的答案以及相应的解析。

以下是题目一的答案及解析:1. 选择题答案及解析:a) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxxb) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxxc) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxx2. 填空题答案及解析:a) 问题:xxxxx解析:xxxxxb) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxxc) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxx3. 解答题答案及解析:a) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxxb) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx解析:xxxxxc) 问题:xxxxx答案:xxxxx通过以上的答案及解析,我们能够对2009年相关考题有一个全面的了解。

这样的分析不仅有助于复习备考,也对未来的学习和应试有着一定的指导意义。

【题目二】请你根据给定的题目,全面分析并提供解析。

解析:对于题目二中给定的题目,我们需要进行全面的分析,然后提供相应的解析。

以下是题目二的解析:1. 题目分析:题目描述:xxxxx题目要求:xxxxx2. 解析及回答:a) 步骤一:执行xxxxx操作。

解析:xxxxxb) 步骤二:执行xxxxx操作。

c) 步骤三:执行xxxxx操作。

解析:xxxxx通过以上的分析及解析,我们能够全面理解并回答题目二,对于相关知识有着更深入的理解。

总结:根据题目的要求,我们对2009年的参考答案及解析进行了详尽的说明。

通过这样的分析,我们能够更好地理解相关知识,并为未来的学习和应试提供指导。

我们希望以上内容对您有所帮助。

09年考研真题及解析答案

09年考研真题及解析答案

09年考研真题及解析答案2009年的考研真题及解析答案涉及到多个学科和专业,由于内容较多,这里无法提供完整的真题和答案。

不过,我可以为你提供一些获取考研真题及解析答案的途径和方法。

首先,考研真题是考生复习的重要资料之一,通常可以通过以下几种方式获取:1. 官方渠道:一些高校和教育部门会在其官方网站上发布历年的考研真题,考生可以访问这些网站进行下载。

2. 考研论坛和社群:很多考研论坛和社群会有考生分享的真题和答案,考生可以通过加入这些社群来获取资料。

3. 考研辅导机构:一些专业的考研辅导机构会提供真题解析服务,考生可以通过购买相关课程或资料来获取。

4. 图书馆和书店:部分图书馆和书店会出售历年考研真题汇编的书籍,考生可以前往查阅或购买。

5. 在线资源:互联网上也有许多资源,考生可以通过搜索引擎查找相关资料。

其次,考研真题的解析答案通常包括以下几个方面:- 题目分析:对题目的出题意图和考察点进行分析。

- 解题思路:提供解题的基本步骤和方法。

- 答案解析:详细解释答案的来源和计算过程。

- 考点总结:总结题目所涉及的知识点和考试重点。

最后,考生在复习时应注意以下几点:- 理解题目:不仅要会做题,更要理解题目背后的知识点。

- 多做练习:通过不断的练习来巩固知识点和提高解题速度。

- 总结经验:在练习过程中总结自己的解题方法和技巧。

- 调整心态:保持良好的心态,避免因为紧张而影响考试表现。

希望这些信息能够帮助你更好地准备考研。

如果你需要更具体的某一年的考研真题或答案,建议通过上述途径进行查找。

祝你考研顺利!。

09年考研真题及解析

09年考研真题及解析

09年考研真题及解析2009年考研真题及解析2009年考研真题是每位考研学子都熟悉的一套试卷。

这套试卷不仅是考生备战考研的重要参考资料,也是考研历史上的一份珍贵文献。

本文将对2009年考研真题进行解析,帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。

一、英语试题解析2009年考研英语试题包括阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分。

其中,阅读理解部分是考生最为关注的部分,也是考察考生英语阅读能力的重要环节。

阅读理解部分共有四篇文章,分别涉及社会科学、自然科学、文学和人文科学等领域。

文章难度适中,涵盖了各个领域的知识点。

考生在备考过程中,应注重积累各个领域的词汇和知识,提高自己的阅读理解能力。

完形填空部分是考察考生英语语法和词汇运用能力的重要环节。

2009年考研完形填空部分主要涉及到社会生活和人际关系等话题。

考生在备考过程中,应注重积累相关的词汇和短语,提高自己的语法和词汇运用能力。

翻译部分是考察考生英语翻译能力的重要环节。

2009年考研翻译部分主要涉及到文化交流和社会问题等话题。

考生在备考过程中,应注重积累相关的词汇和短语,提高自己的翻译能力。

二、数学试题解析2009年考研数学试题包括数学一和数学二两个部分。

数学一主要考察考生的数学分析和线性代数能力,数学二主要考察考生的概率论和数理统计能力。

数学一部分共有十道选择题和五道填空题。

选择题主要考察考生的数学分析能力,填空题主要考察考生的线性代数能力。

考生在备考过程中,应注重掌握数学分析和线性代数的基本概念和定理,提高自己的解题能力。

数学二部分共有十道选择题和五道填空题。

选择题主要考察考生的概率论和数理统计能力,填空题主要考察考生的概率论和数理统计的基本概念和定理。

考生在备考过程中,应注重掌握概率论和数理统计的基本概念和定理,提高自己的解题能力。

三、政治试题解析2009年考研政治试题主要包括政治理论和中国近现代史纲要两个部分。

政治理论部分主要考察考生对政治理论的理解和运用能力,中国近现代史纲要部分主要考察考生对中国近现代史的了解和分析能力。

2009学年第一学期期终学业评价试卷(2010.1)

2009学年第一学期期终学业评价试卷(2010.1)

2009学年第一学期期终学业评价试卷(2010.1)九年级思想品德和历史与社会考生须知:1、本学科试卷为开卷考试。

考生可参阅人教版九年级《历史与社会》、《思想品德》及相关资料。

2、全卷分卷Ⅰ、卷Ⅱ。

全卷共有两大题,25小题,满分100分,考试用时100分钟。

3、答题前,先用钢笔或圆珠笔在卷Ⅱ规定位置上填写学校、学号、姓名;然后,把卷Ⅰ的答案做在卷Ⅱ的相应位置上,直接做在卷Ⅰ上无效。

卷Ⅱ直接做在试卷上。

4、考试结束后,只将卷Ⅱ收回。

卷Ⅰ(选择题共40分)一、选择题(本题有20小题,每小题2分。

各题中只有一个正确答案,请选出最符合题意的正确选项,不选、错选、多选均不给分)1.面对持续蔓延的国际金融危机,党中央、国务院果断采取包括4万亿投资、十大产业调整振兴规划在内的一揽子计划,保持经济平稳较快发展。

国家统计局数据表明2009年三季度GDP同比增长▲%。

A.8.9 B.7.9 C.8.3 D.10.32.国务院采取包括4万亿投资、十大产业调整振兴规划在内的一揽子计划来调节人、财、物在社会范围内的分配。

此处国务院采用的调节方式①就是宏观调控②被称作“看得见的手”③就是市场调节④被称作“看不见的手”A.①②B. ①④C.②③D.③④3.在应对金融危机过程中,国务院始终把改善民生摆在重要位置,从保障性住房建设到稳定和扩大就业,从医药卫生体制改革到扶贫开发,从粮食直补到家电、汽车下乡,这些举施都改善了百姓的衣食住行。

这说明①我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家②坚持公平正义是构建和谐社会的要求③国务院是我国社会主义事业的领导核心④坚持共同富裕是社会主义的根本原则A.①②③ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.②③④4. 2009年12月7日至19日,联合国气候变化大会上在哥本哈根举行,会议达成了不具法律约束力的《▲协议》。

A.奥斯陆 B.里斯本 C.哥本哈根 D.斯德哥尔摩2009年,中国最高立法机关依据宪法制定《食品安全法》等法律8部,废止与实际不相适应的法律4部,对59部法律的141个条文进行了修改。

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东南大学2009年研究生课程考试试卷A卷[√] B卷[ ]课程名称:《软件工程》课程编号:考试历时: 120 分钟考核方式:开卷[√] 闭卷[ ]院(系)姓名学号成绩第一部分:基本概念题(60%)答题要求:(共60题,每题1分)请在每题的四个选项中,选择你认为最合适的一个答案,多选无效。

1、考察软件系统和软件项目的复杂性主要是看□A、业务领域的知识是综合和复杂的√B、技术的复杂度和管理的难度是主要标准□C、综合管理的要求越来越高□D、开发的实现工具和平台越来越复杂2、《人月神话》作者Brooks对寻找银弹感到失望的理由是□A、对根本性任务和次要任务的划分太困难了□B、打破莫尔定律的任务几乎是不可能完成的√C、任何单独的软件工程技术的进展都不能根本解决问题□D、解决根本任务的技术进步还是赶不上硬件生产率的提高3、软件生命周期模型与软件开发过程的关系是□A、是进度检查的基线□B、是产品阶段的基线□C、是质量保证的基础√D、是技术、产品、项目、支撑环节,提供了平台和框架4、你认为,对现在的软件开发而言,传统的瀑布模型实用价值是□A、已经没有任何实用价值了,只有讲到软件发展史的时候才会被提到√B、仍然有实用价值,软件开发团队需要先用好瀑布模型,然后再考虑与其他模型综合□C、说不清楚,看情况而定□D、要根据项目情况,几种模型综合使用5、敏捷开发的小规模、频繁迭代的前提条件是□A、是一个小型的项目√B、是用户积极参与的项目□C、是需求非常明确的项目□D、没有前提条件,可以自由进行6、RUP模型更好地反映了现代软件工程的要求,是因为□A、我并不这么认为,因为它太贵了,我用不起□B、有Rational这样的公司支撑,产品做的好√C、更符合UP的理念,考虑的软件过程模型比较全面□D、提供了一套简洁、实用的计划和检查模板7、现代软件工程的过程管理的综合性表现在□A、存在多个过程,而不只是开发一个过程□B、多个过程存在交汇点,交汇点不确定□C、软件工程师的知识面要求拓展到不同的方面√D、过程的交汇点要根据项目的目标,综合考虑技术和管理的不同需要8、软件产品线的概念是□A、是根据市场需要的一组产品的组合□B、是一类产品生产的流水线□C、是采用相同技术或平台的产品的组合√D、是满足特定市场或用户需求,具有公共可管理特性的产品的组合9、什么是构成软件产品线基础的核心资源□A、成熟的产品以及典型案例□B、关键技术手段、工具和开发平台√C、构架、组件、领域模型、需求陈述、工程文档和规格等□D、领域业务知识和有经验的开发工程师10、软件产品开发与软件项目开发的区别是□A、没有什么区别,只是名称不同□B、软件产品是软件项目中的一个内容□C、软件产品可以包括多个软件项目√D、项目是产品的具体实施,各自的目标不同11、对于项目章程的内容,以下哪个说法不属实□A、项目章程总是包含成本和时间估算□B、项目章程总是包含产品描述和产品的商业需求√C、项目章程中,明确认可和承认了项目的存在□D、项目章程中,承诺向项目提供组织资源12、项目经理如何才能更好地获得执行组织对项目的支持□A、和项目干系人经常沟通√B、把对项目的需求与组织的战略计划相联系□C、把项目与发起人的个人目标相联系□D、和项目发起人保持良好的人际关系13、目标管理是项目管理中基本的原则和方法,同时项目是运用目标管理技术的理想环境,因为?√A、所有项目应该强烈地以项目目标为导向□B、项目组每个成员都有自己的目标□C、项目管理过程中不时地会出现目标改变□D、项目经理的责任是根据公司目标来确定的14、下列哪项不是项目生命周期的一个过程√A、可行性研究□B、启动□C、计划□D、收尾15、下列哪种文件是项目队伍与项目客户之间通过确定项目目标及主要的项目可交付成果而达成协议的基础□A、实施计划□B、配置管理计划√C、范围说明书□D、工作授权计划16、确定项目范围边界的主要因素是√A、依据用户需求及项目资源,对项目做什么和不做什么的定义□B、根据用户需求决定的功能点数□C、表现、控制、存贮处理之间的边界□D、主机、网络、用户端等设备之间的边界17、项目章程的最主要意义是□A、描述项目的内容和项目团队的组成结构√B、确认项目诞生并为项目经理授权□C、确定项目经理的奖金数目□D、定义项目的目标和范围18、项目管理中的里程碑事件作用是□A、项目团队一起喝庆功酒的日子□B、给公司领导汇报项目进度的依据√C、项目进行绩效考核和沟通协调管理的依据□D、向用户施加压力的工具19、用一句话最确切地描述需求是□A、需求是用户对他们需要得到的产品和服务的要求的记述□B、需求是用计算机术语、DFD图等专业工具记录的用户的要求□C、需求是系统测试用例、验收文档和用户手册√D、需求是对系统将要实现的功能、性能、质量和必须满足的约束的叙述20、最准确地描述角色与用例概念的一句话是□A、角色是人物,用例是人物的行为□B、角色是系统的访问者,用例是他访问系统的目的√C、角色是与系统交互的人或其他系统,用例是角色完成的事件序列□D、角色是外部的系统,用例是外部系统对内部系统的影响21、通过角色和用例分析,产生类图的过程中,角色与类的关系是□A、是不同的需求分析方法,没有什么关系√B、从角色到用例、再到类图,是一个分析过程□C、角色一般都可以转化成类□D、关键角色往往可以被抽象为类22、通过建立业务模型,我们能够√A、分析领域中的角色、功能关系、组织架构、业务规则等□B、知道与系统打交道的人要达到的目的□C、了解领域内各角色间的业务功能关系□D、知道谁与系统打交道23、下述哪一个说法是对OMT三种模型的最确切描述□A、对象模型表示静态的数据结构,动态模型表示行为,功能模型表示实现功能√B、对象模型定义了对象及彼此间关系的映射,动态模型表示瞬时的、行为化的系统的“控制”性质,功能模型更直接反映了用户对目标系统的需求□C、对象模型是其它两个模型的基础,动态模型规定了什么时候做,功能模型指明了系统应该“做什么”□D、三种模型分别从三个不同侧面描述了所要开发的系统,它们相互补充,相互配合24、需求获取阶段建立的业务模型与项目范围的关系□A、良好的业务模型是项目开发范围内任务之一□B、良好的业务模型是确定项目范围的依据√C、良好的业务模型有利于开发团队与用户就项目范围进行沟通□D、良好的业务模型是项目团队理解用户需求的最好形式25、现代软件工程需求开发阶段的需求分析是□A、是一个在较高级别上对系统进行抽象定义的过程√B、是一个细化系统定义,并在需求与设计之间进行平衡的过程□C、是一个将用户语言描述的需求转化为计算机软件专业术语描述的过程□D、是一个用流程图、DFD图、E-R图描述需求的过程26、需求形式化的意义是□A、使得对需求有一个形式化的描述和定义√B、使得需求在可分解、可追溯的基础上进行开发和管理□C、使得需求可以用数据库的方式进行记录□D、使得对需求的理解消除歧义性27、软件开发的基线的含义是√A、是软件制品通过测试和评审,成为继续开发或发布的基准□B、是软件项目任务的阶段验收标准线□C、是软件项目完成的质量标准线□D、是软件项目完成日期的终止线28、需求状态的意义是□A、需求是有生命的□B、需求的基线与需求状态有关□C、项目的进度情况与需求的状态有关√D、需求状态构成控制软件开发过程的需求基线的里程碑29、按CMM的定义要求需求评审的关键是□A、确定他们是否合理和必要,以及符合用户的业务流程√B、确定他们是否技术可行、适用于软件实现、定义清晰、可测试□C、确定他们是否功能完整、性能高、用户界面友好□D、确定他们是否符合商业合同或项目计划的范围定义30、用户界面友好的可检验标准是□A、不存在确定的检验标准□B、可根据用户对友好性的理解定一个检验标准□C、可根据用户的实际喜好,用实际感觉进行检验√D、将友好性转化为可客观度量的其他质量属性进行检验31、在HOLIS系统的范围定义例子中,指令性基线的含义是□A、反映的是公司的命令□B、反映的是一种计划时间要求□C、反映的是一种功能需求√D、反映的是功能需求的范围约定32、在HOLIS系统的范围定义例子中,资源限制是如何表现的□A、暂时没有考虑资源因素√B、在功能选择的排序中,考虑资源的因素□C、直接作为一个基线条件□D、在计划计划表中反映资源的要求33、需求评审的主要内容是由公司组织的专家对用户业务的合理性进行评审,你认为□A、没有问题,应该这样做□B、对用户业务是否合理进行评审也是需要的,但不应成为重点√C、需求评审的前提是假定用户需求都是必要和合理的,并由用户自行负责□D、由一些并不十分了解业务需求的人评审业务需求本身存在可信度问题34、需求追踪链的意义是指□A、需求可以形成一条衔接关系,便于实现□B、需求被链接起来以后可能更好地进行管理□C、可以检查项目任务完成的程度√D、可以验证需求实现的程度,跟踪需求实现的过程35、需求稳定性的作用是□A、可以减少与用户在需求方面的矛盾和冲突√B、可以检查需求管理与开发的效率和控制水平□C、可以减少系统的开发模块,提高软件的重用程度□D、可以加强团队内部就需求问题的沟通和协调一致36、为什么说用功能点度量取代代码行度量更具有合理性□A、并不一定具有合理性□B、功能点度量更精细√C、功能点度量更全面□D、功能点度量更具有同行业可比较性37、在需求阶段,反映需求过程本身质量的可度量属性应该是□A、用户满意度和用户对需求的满足程度□B、所画的用例图的多少和需求分析的深度□C、需求分解树的深度和分解后的功能点数√D、功能点的可追踪性和实现过程的稳定性38、组成体系结构的主要要素是□A、程序、数据、文档、工作记录□B、层次结构、客户与服务器、通讯接口、协议□C、模块、中断调用、动态链接、参数指定√D、构成单元、连接方式和连接关系39、ISO/OSI的网络七层协议为层次结构设计提供的最好参考是□A、有七个层次,是一个定义完整的网络协议√B、提出了基于服务、接口、协议的分层思想和概念□C、层次太多,接口复杂,上层没有明确定义□D、下三层定义明确,规范,易于实现40、系统概要设计的任务是√A、将需求分析模型映射为具体的软件体系结构□B、定义系统的主要结构元素□C、从DFD分解出系统的层次结构□D、抽象和概要地对系统进行设计41、基于DFD的传统体系结构设计方法最主要的缺点是□A、定义或确定输入/输出边界比较困难□B、寻找输入/输出边界比较困难√C、当数据流变化的时候,系统结构也要发生变化□D、当数据流发生变化时,输入和输出边界变得模糊不清42、作为一种战术方法,一般应在系统设计的哪个阶段,考虑采用何种面向对象的设计模式□A、任何阶段都可以□B、需求分析完成以后,子系统设计开始前最合适√C、在子系统设计阶段,结合模块划分,考虑采用那种设计模式□D、子系统设计完成,设计具体模块时进行43、在体系结构方法中,“表驱动”是一种□A、用表格描述体系结构的一种设计方法□B、表格是体系结构设计者的一种偏好,从而成为驱动力□C、用表格的形式表示系统的一种层次结构√D、用表格表示模块之间的一种间接调用关系44、基于DFD的传统体系结构设计方法最主要的缺点是□A、定义或确定输入/输出边界比较困难□B、寻找输入/输出边界比较困难√C、当数据流变化的时候,系统结构也要发生变化□D、当数据流发生变化时,输入和输出边界变得模糊不清45、为什么说算法的优劣有时对系统性能指标的影响并不是最关键的□A、找到一个好算法比较困难□B、算法模块是别人开发的,优化比较困难√C、单个模块性能的提高,对系统性能提升作用有限□D、在现在的应用系统中,已经有足够快的算法了46、为什么说模块的合理划分比增加一些代码注释更使系统易于维护□A、好的集成开发工具已经能自动指出代码错误,不需要注释了□B、代码注释的再好,也没有人愿意看√C、合理的模块划分可提高问题定位和回归测试的效率□D、合理的模块划分当出现问题时,可重写问题模块47、在评价一个软件系统的易用性时,你会更多地关注□A、使用好的集成开发工具,使系统的开发者易于开发和维护□B、设计好的用户界面,使系统的使用者感觉很舒服□C、运用B/S结构,使得用户不需求安装和维护客户端软件√D、运用合理的设计,使得用户很容易使用系统达到自己的应用目的48、MVC模式的关键机制是□A、使得数据显示更灵活□B、支持B/S或C/S的三层结构□C、由一个控制器控制用户的输入√D、把数据表示与输入控制、数据存储、功能逻辑分离开来49、MVC控制器的作用是□A、有时并没有什么作用,可以和视图合并√B、根据模型的状态和需要,改变对用户输入的控制方式□C、获得事件信息,控制用户的输入□D、起到信息从视图向模型的传递作用50、采用MVC模式的理由是□A、它是一种时髦的新技术,大家都在用□B、用它实现的用户界面比较灵活、美观□C、可以实现对用户输入的控制√D、可以采用发布-订阅模式,控制用户的表示和输入操作51、质量要素是指:□A、是指软件系统的可靠性程度□B、是指软件产品的实用性指标√C、是一组与用户质量需求相一致的、可度量的系统特性□D、是软件系统的功能点的多少52、项目管理中质量计划与质量体系之间的区别在于:√A、计划的对象是具体的产品、项目、服务或合同□B、体系的对象是具体的产品、项目、服务或合同□C、体系由单个实体组织所采用,通常是质量保证部门□D、计划并非组织管理系统的一部分53、帕累托图(Pareto Charts)有助于项目经理:√A、集中于质量改进的最关键的问题□B、集中于激发思考□C、探索所希望的未来结果□D、确定一个过程是否失控54、当一项产品或服务完全达到客户要求时:√A、质量也达到了□B、质量成本较高□C、质量成本较低□D、客户支付了最低的价格55、软件质量保证的确认(Validation)过程是□A、测试、检验、度量□B、测试、评价、打分□C、测试、评价、返工√D、测试、度量、可靠性增长56、软件质量保证的验证(Verification)过程是□A、测试、评审、评价□B、评审、度量、检验□C、评审、打分、返工√D、评审、度量、配置管理57、集成测试是在项目组还是由独立测试部门进行,主要看□A、软件系统的规模大小□B、软件组织的规模大小√C、软件系统的框架与体系结构的控制需要□D、软件模块接口的复杂程度58、以下内容较好地描述了配置项的分类√A、是开发过程中程序、数据、文档和过程记录□B、是软件模块或部件的接口标准□C、是软件的源程序和可执行的代码□D、是软件模块或部件的集合59、以下描述最好地说明了基线在软件管理中的作用√A、基线是项目开发过程的制品经过正式评审并被相关人员一致同意,可以作为以后项目开发的基础□B、基线是软件的一个质量标准线□C、基线是软件开发的基础起点线□D、基线表明软件开发所达到的进度时间60、软件项目、软件工程、软件过程、软件产品,从总体到具体的关联关系排列应该是□A、软件工程、软件过程、软件项目、软件产品□B、软件项目、软件工程、软件产品、软件过程□C、软件工程、软件项目、软件产品、软件过程√D、软件工程、软件过程、软件产品、软件项目第二部分:综合考察题部分(40%)答题要求:(共8题,每题10分,A班同学请做1-4题,B班同学请做5-8题)1、(知道)请简要说明微软MSF模型与RUP模型之间的相同点与不同点2、(知道)请简要描述Borland CaliberRM所实现的需求追踪3、(领会)在老师给出的《天津联通综合营业系统》案例中,针对业务流程灵活性这一特定质量属性要求,案例中采用的是什么战术?为什么它可能是有效的?4、(分析/应用)为了通过“需求评审”,请修改“用户界面友好”这一需求项,设计并转化为用户验收时,可明确判断需求满足与否的三个判断条件。

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