TOEFL阅读常考固定词对
TOEFL阅读常考固定配对词
TOEFL阅读常考固定词对By Brian TOEFL考试中所出现的绝大部分词汇题大都形成固定的对子。
extract “提取”A. RemoveB. Separateextract:to remove or separate (metal) from one;remove:to take, extract, separate, or withdraw (someone or something) form1 abundant 丰富的plentiful 丰富的2 accelerate 加速increase 增加3 accessible 可达到的reachable 可达到的4 accordingly 因此for that reason 因此5 account for 说明explain 说明6 accumulate 积聚collect 收集7 acute 急性的intense 剧烈的8 adhere 粘附stick 粘附9 adjunct 辅助addition 附加10 adorn 装饰decorate 装饰11 adverse 相反的negative 负面的12 advocate 提倡者proponent 支持者13 aesthetical 审美的artistic 艺术的14 astound 令人极为惊讶surprise 令人惊讶15 attachment (to) 喜爱preference (for)喜爱16 attain 获得achieve 获得17 attendant 伴随的accompanying 伴随的18 attire 衣物clothing 衣物19 attribute 特征characteristic 特点20 aviation 航空navigation 航空21 barren贫瘠的infertile 贫瘠的22 bias 偏见prejudice 偏见23 bizarre 奇异的odd 奇怪的24 boost 促进raise 提高25 bound 限制limit 限制26 bring about 导致cause 导致27 break (with) 与…相分离departure (from) 与…相分离28 calculate 计划determine 决定29 carry 支撑support 支撑30 cast off 丢弃get rid of 抛弃31 cease 终止stop 停止32 celestial 天上的astronomical 天文的33 chance 偶然的unplanned 未计划的34 classify 分类categorize分类35 characterized 具有特色的distinguished 杰出的36 coarse 粗糙rough 粗糙37 cohesion 凝聚unity 结合，统一38 coin 创造，杜撰create 创造39 collectively 共同地together 一起40 comparably 类似similarly 同样地41 compile 收集put together 收集42 compose 创作create 创作，创造43 comprise 由….组成consist of 由…..组成44 conceal 隐藏hide 隐藏45 concentrate 集中cluster 集中46 conclusive 最后的，结论性的definitive 最后的，确定性的47 concomitant with 与…..相一致in conjunction with 与…..相一致48 condone 宽恕mercy 宽恕49 confined 被限制的limited 限制的50 conflict 冲突opposition 相反51 conjectural 推测的based on guessing 基于猜测的52 consciously 有意识地on purpose 有目的53 conserve 保存retain 保存54 considerable （数量、程度）巨大的great 巨大的55 considerable 巨大的much 许多的56 considerable 大量的substantial 大量的57 consort 合伙人associate 伙伴58 conspicuous 明显的noticeable 明显的59 constituent 组成部分component 成分60 constitute 构成make up 构成61 consult 商量counsel 商量62 consumption 消费eating 吃63 contemporary 当代的existing 现存的64 counteract 抵消negate 取消，否定65 counterpart 副本version 版本66 crucial 重要的essential 基本的67 customary 习俗的usual 一般的68 cumbersome 麻烦的burdensome 麻烦的69 dampen 使潮湿moisten 使潮湿70 daring 大胆的bold 大胆的71 deft 灵巧的skilled 熟练的72 eliberate 深思熟虑的careful 小心的73 demand 要求order 命令74 demonstrate 证明show 显示75 dense 密集的thick 周密的76 depress 降低lower 降低77 depressed 沮丧的saddened 悲伤的，沮丧的78 derive 取得，获得obtain 获得79 detect 发现discover the presence of 发现…..的存在80 detectable 可察觉的，可测出的measurable 可测量的81 detectable可察觉的，可测出的sizable 巨大的82 devastate 损坏ruin 毁灭83 devote 投身dedicate 致力84 dictate 规定determine 确定85 diffuse 扩散travel 传播86 dirt 土壤soil 土壤87 disaster 灾祸catastrophe 大灾祸88 discreet慎重的careful 小心的89 discrete 离散的separate 分离的90 dispute 争论argument 争论91 disseminate 传播spread/impart/inform 散布/传播/传播92 distinct 截然不同的different 不同的93 distinct 明显的obvious 明显的94 distinct 分别的，截然不同的separate 分离的95 distinction 区别difference 差别96 distinguished 不同的differentiated 不同的，有区别的97 divergence 分歧difference 不同98 dogma 教条belief/doctrine 信仰/教条99 domain 范围，领域field 土地，领域100 dominate 占优势be prevalent in 占优势101 dramatic 引人注目的striking 引人注目的102 drastic 猛烈的radical 根本的103 drastic 激烈的severe 猛烈的104 draw 吸引attract 吸引105 durable 耐久的lasting 持久的106 durable 耐久的endurable 持久的107 dwelling 住宅house 房子108 eagerly anticipate 热切地期望look forward to 盼望109 elaborate 详尽的，精巧的detailed 详细的，精细的110 embed 植入encase 包裹111 embrace （欣然）接受welcome 欢迎112 embracer 接收者recipient 接收者，收件人113 emerge 出现appear 出现114 emit 发射give off 发射115 employ 雇用hire 雇用116 enable 使能够allow 准许117 enable 使能够help 帮助118 enact 制定法律，扮演角色perform 扮演角色119 end 目的goal 目的120 entire 全部的whole 全部的121 entity 实体object 物体122 entomb 埋葬trap 使陷于….之中123 eradicate 根除eliminate 清除124 essential 基本的fundamental 基本的125 evidence 表明indicate 指出126 exalted 高贵的superior 出众的127 exceed 超越surpass 超过128 execute（按计划或设计）做成，制成create 创造129 exert 施加apply 施行130 exorbitant 昂贵的expensive 昂贵的131 expedient 权宜之计makeshift 权宜之计132 exponential leaps 几何级数般的跳跃rapid increases 快速增加133 expose 揭露uncover 揭露134 expose to 暴露于subject to 使经受，使遭受135 extend 延长increase 扩大136 extend 延伸stretch 伸展137 extol 赞美praise 赞扬138 extract 提取remove 清除139 faction 帮派side 一方140 fade (form) 淡出disappear (form) 消失141 fashion 制作create 创造142 fatal 致命的deadly 致命的143 feed 填入put 放入144 fine 细小的minute 微小的145 first rank 顶级的highest quality 最高档次的146 fixture 固定装备commonplace object 常规物体147 flatter 奉承compliment 赞美148 forage 喂草料feed 喂食149 forward-looking 有远见的progressive 进步的150 frame 给…设框pose 使摆放姿势151 fundamental 基本的basic 基本的152 fuse 融合combine 联合153 gap 裂缝opening 裂缝154 give way to 被..所代turn into 转变为155 glow （炽热）发光shine 发光156 hard 坚硬的firm 坚硬的157 hemisphere 半球side 一侧158 herald 预示，宣布announce 预示，宣布159 homogeneous 同源的uniform 一致的160 imitate 模仿copy 复制161 immunity 免疫protection 保护162 implement 工具tool 工具163 implication 内涵significance 含义，意义164 impose 加强（要求）demand 要求165 in place of 代替instead of 代替166 inadequate 不充分的deficient 缺乏的，不足够的167 incise 切割carve 雕刻168 inclination 爱好，倾向preference 爱好169 induce 导致cause 导致170 inevitable 不可避免的ineluctable 不可避免的171 influx 流入arrival 到达172 ingot 金属锭 a block of metal 一块金属173 inhibit 阻止hinder 妨碍174 initially 最初at first 第一175 initiate 创立begin 开始176 instance 案例case 案例177 instantaneous 立竿见影的immediate 立即的178 integral 整体的，构成整体所必需的essential 基本的，必需的179 intense 强烈的extreme 极端的180 interchangeable 可替换的equivalent 等值的181 intervention 干涉influence 影响182 intricate 复杂的complex 复杂的183 inviting 吸引人的attractive 吸引人的184 jolt 使震惊的shock 使震惊的185 lament 令人对….感到遗憾complain about 抱怨186 lure 引诱attract 吸引187 magnify 扩大increase 提高188 magnify 扩大intensify 加强189 magnitude 量值，大小extent 范围190 maintain 维持preserve/keep 保持/保持191 major 主要的principal 主要的192 maneuver 策略，花招trick 诡计193 margin 边缘edge 边缘194 marked 明显的pronounced 明显的195 meticulous 过分注意细节的careful 小心的196 milestone 里程碑significant development 重大发展的197 minuscule 微小的tiny 微小的198 minute 微小的tiny 微小的199 modify 改变change 改变200 monopolize 垄断dominate 支配201 moreover 进一步说furthermore 进一步说202 mundane 世俗的ordinary 平常的203 myriad of 无数的many 许多的204 nevertheless 然而notwithstanding 然而205 novel 新颖的innovative 创新的206 noxious 有害的harmful 有害的207 obtain 得到acquire 获得208 obtain 获得procure 得到209 outbreak 爆发beginning 开始210 outline 概要summarization 概述211 outstanding 出类拔萃的excellent 很好的212 peak 顶峰maximum 最大值213 peculiar 独特的distinctive 独特的214 penetrate 穿过go through 穿过215 persist 坚持continue 持续216 pertinent 相关的relevant 相关的217 phenomenon 现象event 事件218 pick up 沿着follow 沿着219 picture 想象，描写imagine/describe 想象/描写220 pit 深坑hole 洞221 ponder 沉思meditate 沉思222 ponderous 笨重的heavy 沉重的223 pore 孔hole 洞224 position 位置location 位置225 potential 潜在的possible 可能的226 prefer 喜欢favor 喜欢227 preoccupation 全神贯注involvement 全神贯注228 preside over 掌管manage 掌管229 prevailing 主要的most frequent 最经常的230 prevent 阻止deter 避免231 primary 基础的leading 最主要的232 principal 主要的paramount极为重要的233 prior to 在…之前preceding 前面的234 prominent 卓越的distinguished 杰出的235 prominent 卓越的prestigious 著名的236 property 特点characteristic 特点237 proponent 支持者supporter 支持者238 prospect 前景possibility 可能性239 protrude 突出project 突出240 puncture 刺破pierce 刺破241 rapid 快速的swift 迅速的242 rare 稀罕的infrequent 不经常的243 rather 相反instead 相反244 readily 容易地easily 容易地245 realization 认识到awareness 认识到246 reap 收获gain 获得247 reckless 不负责任的irresponsible 不负责任的248 refreshing 给人新鲜感的unusual 不同寻常的249 relate 与…有关connect 与…有关250 reliance 依靠dependence 依靠251 remarkable 非凡的extraordinary 非凡的252 restricted 受限制的limited 受限制的253 revise 修改change 改变254 rich 丰富的abundant 丰富的255 robust 强壮的strong 强壮的256 roll back 把…压到标准水平reduce 降低，减少257 rotate 旋转alternate 交替258 rotate 旋转turn 旋转259 roughly 大约approximately 大概260 rudimentary 初步的undeveloped 尚未发展完备的261 rupture 爆裂burst 爆裂262 sanitation 卫生health 卫生263 scale 攀登climb 攀登264 scope 范围range 范围265 secure 弄到，获得acquire 获得266 secure 安全的stable稳定的267 set 设置establish 建立268 settle 定居locate 坐落269 shield 保护protect 保护270 shy away from 躲避avoid 躲避271 simultaneous 同时的synchronous 同时的272 since 因为now that 既然273 site 地点location 位置274 skepticism 怀疑doubt 怀疑275 skilled 熟练的expert 熟练的276 skyrocket 快速上升的increase rapidly 迅速增加277 smother 窒息eliminate 清除278 snap 断裂break 断裂279 sole 唯一的merely 仅仅280 solemn 严肃的serious 严肃的281 some 大约approximately 大概282 sort out 区分separate 分离283 spark 引起，开始bring (about)/usher (in) 引起/开始284 spawn 引起，大量生产create 创造285 speculate 推测hypothesize 假设286 spot 发现identify 确定，鉴别287 staggering 令人惊愕的overwhelming 压倒性的288 staple 主要部分basic element 基本组成部分289 stationary 静止的fixed 固定的290 stimulate 刺激encourage 鼓励291 story 故事tale 故事292 strategy 诡计scam/trick 诡计/诡计293 strength 力量的源泉basis 基础294 stress 强调emphasize 强调295 stringent 严格的strict 严格的296 struggle 挣扎competition 竞争297 subject to 易受….的susceptible to 易受….的298 subsidize 资助finance 资助299 substantiate 证实verify 证实300 subtle 精巧微妙的slight 细微的301 succinct 简短的concise/terse 简明的/简短的302 sufficient 充足的adequate 充足的303 sumptuous 诸多的，奢侈的luxurious 诸多的，奢侈的304 supplement 补充extension 扩展，延伸305 support 支持hold/upload 支撑/支持306 supposed 假定的seeming 表面上的307 supremacy 至高无上的dominance 优势308 supreme 至高无上的most outstanding 最出类拔萃的309 surge 汹涌进行accelerate 加速发展310 suspend 悬挂hang 悬挂311 symmetrical 对称的proportionally balanced 比例平衡的312 tangle 纠缠twist/jumble 缠绕/使混乱313 tempting 吸引人的attractive 吸引人的314 thankful 感谢grateful 感激315 trace 痕迹imprint 印记316 trend 倾向tendency 趋向317 unadorned 未装饰的disorganized 混乱的318 undergo 经历experience 经历319 uniform 统一integrate 整合320 unique 独一无二的particular 独特的321 unravel 弄清discover 发现322 usher in 开始begin 开始323 vary 改变differ 与…不同324 vast 宽广的，巨大的large 巨大的325 vibrate 震动convulse 震动326 vigilant 警惕的alert 警惕的327 virtually 实质上（几乎）actually/practically/almost 实际上（几乎）328 witness 目击observe 观察329 yield 产生provide 提供词语归类jurisdiction 司法权privilege 特权sovereignty 最高统治权，国家主权，独立自主Autonomy 自主权，自治权Capitalism 资本主义individualism 个人主义Condiment 调味品ingredient 成分, 因素kitchen 厨房picnic 野餐barbecue 烤烧Cuisine 烹饪nonsense n.胡说, 废话dialogue 对话gossip 绯闻Dialect 方言土话radius 半径，辐射光线, 界限diameter 直径opera 歌剧drama 戏剧tragedy 悲剧Comedy 喜剧Maxim 格言, 座右铭Allegory 寓言legend 传说Myth 神话coarse 粗糙的，不精制的；粗鲁无礼的（尤指性的）tough 坚韧的crude 天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的complex 复杂的complicated 结构复杂的intricate 错综复杂的Perplexing 麻烦的，复杂的innate 先天的, 天生的Impulsive 冲动的Instinctive 本能的Spontaneous 自发的, 自然产生的Pervasive 普遍深入的typical 典型的，有代表性的universal 普遍的，广泛的Ubiquitous 到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的accidental 意外的random 任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的haphazard 偶然的, 随便的devour 吞噬gorge 狼吞虎咽, 塞饱Swallow 吞咽scent 气味，香味aroma 芳香, 香气, 香味balmy 芳香的,, (空气)温和的Fragrant 芳香的breeze 轻风，微风gust 强风storm 暴风hurricane 飓风Tornado 龙卷风tyrannical adj.残暴的dictatorial adj.独裁的autocratic adj.独裁的, 专制的constrain vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束compel vt.强迫, 迫使forceadjacent 邻近的adjoining 毗连邻近的Neighboring 邻近的boundary 边界border 国界brim (杯, 碗等)边, 边缘, (河)边rim 边, 轮缘, 蓝框fringe 边缘, 须边, 刘海frontier 国境, 边疆, 边境margin (湖、池等的)边缘periphery 外围confine 限制，禁闭circumscribe 划定范围restrict 限制，约束limit 限制，限量solitary 孤独的isolated 孤立的，隔离的lonely 孤单的amplify 放大, 增强magnify 放大, 扩大Enlarge 放大，扩展mitigate 减轻Relieve 缓减，消除abate 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻alleviate 使(痛苦等)易于忍受, 减轻diminish 缩小lessen 减少, 减轻reducedecreaseconvincing 令人信服的persuasive 善说服的pray 祈祷seek 请求求教implore 恳求, 哀求pursue 追击追求woo 求爱, 追求, 恳求, 招致seek 寻找探寻appeal 上诉accuse 指控charge 控诉crucial 决定性的essential 必不可少的significant 有重要意义的Critical 关键的primary 初等的基本的radical 根本的Fundamental 基本的重要的fellowship 学术奖金scholarship 奖学金stipend n.薪金, 定期生活津贴accurateexactPrecise 精确的obscure 费解模糊不清的vague 模糊糊涂的frightenterrifyThreatenemphasize 强调使突出highlight 强调突出n 亮点underscore 下划线强调Underline 加强突显ignore 忽视neglect 忽视, 疏忽overlook 没注意到Penetrate 穿透, 渗透Pierce 刺穿（用尖锐工具切入或穿过，刺穿或刺入）Puncture 用带尖的物体穿透adhere 粘附, 胶着, 坚持cling vi.粘紧, 附着, 紧贴, 墨守(习惯) Stick 粘住（用粘着物体、胶水或胶带，把东西固定或相连）cohesive 粘着的adhesive 带粘性的hygiene 卫生, 卫生学sanitation 卫生系统设备体系healthsummit 顶点峰会climax 顶点极点maximum 最大值peak 山峰最高点topabundantmyriads ofprolific 多产的, 丰富的, 大量繁殖的profuse 极其丰富的ampleluxuriant 丰产的, 丰富的, 肥沃的, 奢华的richplentifulfinetinyminusculeminutegiganticcolossaltremendousenormousimmenseprodigious巨大的massiveherculeantitanicHugeadversehostileopposedContend 斗争, 竞争, 主张，与困难相斗争competestrife 斗争, 冲突, 竞争，有冲突的不合；激烈的斗争competitorantagonist 敌手, 对手opponentadversary 敌手, 对手rivalbetrayrenounce 断绝关系rebelliousdefiant 挑战的, 挑衅的fidelity忠实, 诚实loyaltyfaithfulnessadherence traditionalconventionalcustomarygrumble 怨言, 满腹牢骚complainlament 悲伤, 哀悼gibe 嘲笑ridicule 嘲笑, 奚落deride 嘲弄, 嘲笑jeer 嘲弄, 戏弄sneer 冷笑, 嘲笑insult 侮辱, 凌辱Humiliate 羞辱, 使丢脸, 耻辱prestige 威信声望fame 名声名望reputation 名气名声distinction 声望, 显赫notecomplimentextolpraiseblamecondemnDenounce 公开指责, 公然抨击removeRid 使摆脱, 使去掉canceleliminateimpair 削弱devastate毁坏ruindisfigure 损伤外貌, 使变丑abolishterminateannul 废除, 取消, 废止repeal 废止, 撤销provokefoment 煽动promptinstigate激起；煽动agitateinciteeageryearninganxiousdesirousavid渴望的wistful 渴望的, 想望的enthusiasmpassion激情, 热情zeal热心, 热情, 热诚zest 强烈的兴趣, 热情, 热心favor 欢心, 好意, 喜爱ardor热诚fervency热烈, 热情frenzy 狂暴, 狂怒fanatical狂热的, 盲信的cordial兴奋剂, 兴奋性饮料crazyindifferentImpassive 冷漠的Nonchalant 冷淡的uninterestedApathetic 缺乏兴趣的, 无动于衷的relentless无情的mercilessruthlesspitiless curiousinquisitiveNosy 好管闲事的, 爱追问的calmtranquil安静的serene平静的stillquiescentsedate安静的, 稳重的placidQuietviolentVehement 激烈的, 猛烈的, (情感)热烈的Furiousshoutyelp (因痛而)叫喊rant 咆哮, 激昂地说howl嚎叫, 怒吼,bawl大叫screamYell 大叫, 忍不住笑, 呼喊clamor喧闹, 叫嚷concernanxietyapprehension忧惧chaos混乱, 混沌disorderconfusionmessdisarrangementdisarrayturmoil 骚动, 混乱Riot 暴乱, 骚动turbulence 骚乱, 动荡Commotion 骚动, 暴乱rebellionrevoltinsurrection 起义insurgence 起义, 造反, 暴动, 叛乱astonishastoundstartleamazesurpriseSoothe 使(某人,其神经,其情绪)平静comfortPlacate 安抚Appease 平息, 安抚, 缓和, 使满足Pacify 使平静Solace 安慰conciliate安慰, 赢得representativerepresentationdelegateDeputyCommissary 代表, 物资供应所, 委员Deputation 代表团convivial欢宴的, 欢乐的exalteddelightfulblithe愉快的, 高兴的exultant非常高兴的, 欢跃的jubilant欢呼的, 喜悦的, 喜洋洋的joyousgleeful愉快的hilarious欢闹的,引起或喜好欢闹的rapture全神贯注ecstasy入迷ravish着迷于：充满激情elation得意洋洋, 兴高采烈anguish使极苦闷, 使极痛苦Distress悲痛, 穷困,SufferingAgony苦恼, 极大的痛苦Grief 悲痛, 伤心事,Misery 苦难SorrowTorment痛苦;折磨torture折磨, 拷问marvelous 不可思议的, 非凡的miraculous奇迹的, 不可思议的mysteriouscryptic含义模糊的, 神秘的, 隐藏的indecipherable破译不出的, 难辨认的incense激怒irritate刺激rage大怒Enrage激怒Outrage激怒Fret(使)烦恼Fury狂怒, 狂暴Wrath愤怒exasperate激怒clumsyawkwardgauche笨拙的adeptdeftagile 敏捷的, 轻快的,nimbleadroit熟练的；灵巧的skillfuldeceitcheatfrauddeception欺骗, 诡计deceivebeguile诱骗, 诱惑defraudcheatnovice新手, 初学者tyro生手, 初学者beginnergreen handcraftycunningsneaky鬼祟的, 卑鄙的sly狡猾的strategytrickscam诡计,故事artifice技巧conspiracy共谋, 阴谋admitacknowledgeavow承认reveal揭露，泄露disclose揭露, 透露unveil显露, 除去面纱discoverconceal隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒hide隐瞒（不让人知道）disguiseshroud 遮蔽, 隐藏austere简朴的thrifty节约的frugal节俭的,廉价的ultimatelyfinallyeventuallyprimitive 远古的, 粗糙的Primordial原始的，最早的initial 最初的original 原版的primeval太古的；原始时代的primary 最初初级的daring 勇敢的intrepid无畏的, 勇猛的courageousdauntlessvaliant勇敢的, 英勇的valorous勇敢的, 勇武的, 无畏的gallant英勇的, 豪侠的heroic英雄的, 英勇的heal 治愈消除remedy药物, 治疗法Cure 治愈，疗程treatment 治疗，疗法therapy治疗法recover vi.痊愈, 复原, Restore vt.恢复rehabilitate使(身体)康复temporary 临时的tentative暂时的, 临时的contingent附随的, 暂时的provisional临时的momentary 瞬间的, 刹那间的transitory短时间的ingenious 有独创性的, 精制的intelligentbrightwisebrilliantinactive不活动的, 停止的Blunt钝的, 生硬的inert 无活动的, 惰性的obtuse 圆头的, 愚蠢的concisesuccinctterse简洁的, 扼要的briefabsurdfantastic稀奇古怪的, 荒谬的, nonsensical无意义的, 荒谬的preposterous荒谬的descendantoffspringposteritypioneer 先锋predecessor 前辈precursor 先行者先兆forerunner 先驱abandondiscardDesert 放弃, 遗弃forsake 放弃（先前所坚持的某物）renounce 放弃头衔rejectquit 放弃斗争：relinquish 放弃专长的或想做的事abnegate 放弃权力或要求abdicate 放弃职位,权力disclaim 放弃某人的权利acuteastute敏锐的，精明的sharpnotorious声名狼籍的disreputableflagrant 恶名昭著的, 公然的loathedetestabominate痛恨, 憎恶dislikeprestigiousdistinguishednotablerenownedillustrious famousfine-tunerectifyadjustregulatemodulateassemblecongregate 聚集成一组gatheramass 收集, 积聚(尤指财富) collectschool （常与of连用）鱼群；鲸群grouphorde 一大群，一伙人swarm蜂群, 一大群throng一大堆东西；一窝crowdflock羊群, (禽、畜等的)群,bleak 荒凉的, 凄凉的,barrendeserteddesolate荒凉的, 无人烟的divert转移, 转向diverge (道路等)分叉, (意见等)分歧deflect (使)偏斜, (使)偏转deviate背离, 偏离digress离题pleasingagreeableaffable和蔼可亲的honorrevere尊敬, 敬畏, 崇敬defer推迟, 延期, 听从, 服从esteemrespectdisdain蔑视, 鄙弃despisescorncontemn侮辱, 蔑视haughty傲慢的arrogantbloated傲慢的overbearing专横的insolent傲慢的, 无礼的intrude闯入, 侵入invadeinfringeaggress攻击, 侵犯retort反驳, 反击disproverebut反驳gainsay否认rebuke斥责, 指责controversy argumentdispute争论debatesquabble争吵compromise妥协, 折衷concession让步yieldmanipulateoperatesteernavigate驾驶, 操纵interferehamperhandicapbalk妨碍stall (使)停止, 迟延tamper干预, 玩弄hurdle 障碍, 跨栏blockobstructbarhinderimpede阻止restrictrestraininhibitfetter束缚, 加脚镣doctrine教条, 学说belieffaithcathedral大教堂chapel小礼拜堂, 礼拜churchcreed信条dogmatheology神学negate否定, 打消denydisaffirm [律] 废弃, 否认, 取消disavow不承认, 否认imminentapproachingimpending迫近procession行列, 队伍sequence次序, 顺序, 序列serial连续的lengthenprolongpostponeadjourn使中止, 推迟protract延长detain拘留, 留住, 阻止retard延迟, 使减速unanimity全体一致congruity一致, 适合, 调和uniformity一致, 均匀coincidence一致, 相合accord一致, 给与consensus一致同意assumespeculatesupposepresumesurmise猜测conjecture 推测, 臆说allot (按份额)分配, 分派assignappointdesignate指定, 指派allocate分派, 分配dispatchavoidescapeevade规避dodge避开, 躲避eschew避开, 远避fleetranscend超越, 胜过surpassexceedsomber昏暗的, 阴天的dismal阴沉的, 凄凉的sullen 沉沉不乐的, (天气等)阴沉的lumber 木材木料timber 木材log 原木木料glow发光, 发热glare闪耀flare闪光, 闪耀shineflicker闪动, 闪烁ablaze着火的, 激动的gleam闪烁, 隐约地闪现confirmsubstantiate使实体化, 证实corroborate使坚固, 确证certify证明, 保证verify 查证, 核实skepticaldubious可疑的, 不确定的suspiciousfishy靠不住的；可疑的attirecostumegarb服装uniformapparel衣服, 装饰garmentguise 装束, 伪装bequest遗产, 遗赠legacyheritageinheritance遗传, 遗产remainsremnant剩余, 零料, 残迹vestige遗迹, 痕迹, 残余, relic 废墟, 纪念物residue 残余, 渣滓, 滤渣lureallure吸引bait饵, 诱惑物entice诱惑, 诱使seduce诱使inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的charming 引人陶醉的tempting 吸引人的appealing 有魅力的动人的catching 吸引人的动人的attractivechillyfrigid寒冷的, 冷淡的icyblendcombinemixamalgamate合并muddle混合shuffle拖曳, 搅乱imprudentimpertinent无关的, 鲁莽的rashrudemadcap轻率的, 狂妄的ornament装饰, 修饰adorn装饰decoratepledge 誓言信物swear 宣誓vow 发誓Promise 保证supersede代替, 取代supplantsubstitutereplaceconstantstablestagnantstationary固定的steady immobile稳定invariable不变的, 永恒的barreninfertilearid干旱的, 贫瘠的(土地等) sterile贫脊的, 不育的capabilitycapacitycompetencefacultyresourcetalent才干, 才能abilitypowerperish死亡, 腐烂demise死亡expire期满, 终止, 呼气decease 死亡illustrateilluminateclarify澄清, 阐明industriousassiduous勤勉的, 刻苦的diligentpainstakingLaborious 勤劳的费力的arduous费劲的, 辛勤的malevolent有恶意的, 坏心肠的malicious怀恶意的, 恶毒的malignant恶性的。
TOEFL 阅读词汇[点评版]
![TOEFL 阅读词汇[点评版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c74774ff185f312b3169a45177232f60ddcce7d4.png)
TOEFL 阅读常考固定词对表▪Ex tract 提取: to remove or separate (metal) from the ore;【export, import; exterior, interior; external, internal】▪re move清除: to take, extract, separate, or withdraw (sb. or sth.)韦氏词典的英文解释Group one▪Abundant----plentiful[ abundance]▪A ccelerate----in crease[a:加速度，acceleration; in crease, de crease]▪Accessible----reachable/ available [access, have access to, RAM: Random Access Memory, CD-ROM： Compact Disk- Read Only Memory]▪Accordingly----for that reason[So, thus, therefore, consequently]▪Account for ---- explain [In our class, people aged over 40 accounts for 1/3. take up]▪A cc umulate----co ll ect▪Acute----intense [SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; intens ify, ]▪Ad here----stick [stick the stamp to an envelope; stick y rice/corn]▪Ad junct----add ition[add]▪Ad orn----decorate▪Adverse----negative [AQ: Adversity Quotient] ▪Advocator----pro ponent [pro-America; opponent—反supporter]▪Aesthetical----art istic▪Astound----surprise▪Attachment (to)----prefer ence (for)【attach importance to 重视，看重】▪At tain----achieve【obtain, achieve, acquire; derive from, secure,】Group two▪attendant----accompany ing [attend, ]▪At tire----clothing▪Attribute[属性]----characteristic [特性][feature]▪avi ation---n avi gation 【Civil Aviation民航；Navigator导航者；Land Cruiser陆地巡洋舰】▪bar ren---in fertile【fertilizer肥料】▪Bias----prejudice 【Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见】 [buy us a car]▪bizarre ----odd【strange, eccentric】▪boo s t---raiseGroup three▪bound【“绑着”】---limit▪bound----bind---tie▪Break (with)---de part ure (from) [apart]▪ETA[Estimated Time of Arrival预计到达时间], ETD [Estimated Time of Departure预计离开时间]▪Bring about---cause [lead to, contribute to]▪calculate--determine▪carry--sup port▪Cast off---get rid of▪cease ----stop 【cease fire停火】▪celestial—astronomical【astronomy天文学】▪chance---un plan ned▪characterized---distinguished [differentiate d] ▪class ify---categor ize 【class, category】▪coarse—rough [粗糙的， rough road]▪co hesion—uni ty [co-worker]▪coin---create▪collect ively ----together▪compar ably—similar ly▪comparison: similarity▪contrast: difference▪com pile—put together▪compose—create [composer作曲人（家）] ▪com prise—con sist of▪Our team consists of 10 men and 5 women. ▪con ceal—hide 【ceal---seal】▪con centr ate—cluster【center】▪conclusive—definitive▪conclude, conclusion, conclusivedecide, decision, decisive▪persuade, persuasion, persuasive▪Con comitant with ----in con junction with▪Con do ne--mercy▪confined—limited▪Conflict—opposition [op pose]▪conjectural—based on guess ing▪consciously—on purpose [un conscious无意识] ▪conserve—retain 【conservation保护，保留】▪considerable—great, substantial▪con sort ---- associate [关联]▪con spi cuous—notice able [spy]▪Constituent----component 【compose】constitute—make up▪Ingredient: sodium钠, soda, sugar▪consult—counsel [咨询]▪consumption—eating 【consume, consumer消费者】▪contemporary--exist ing▪counter act—negate 【CS: counter strike反恐精英】▪counter part ----version 【edition】▪crucial—essential [critical]▪necessary----imperative [必要的]Group four▪cumber some---burden some▪cumber拖累，妨害，阻碍；阻塞(地方)。
托福阅读常考词对1(精选)141页文档
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人，才不会再掉进坑里。——黑格尔 32、希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德 33、希望是人生的乳母。——科策布 34、形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。——郭沫若 35、学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子不要学很多。——洛克
TOEFL阅读中关键词汇
TOEFL阅读中"关键"词汇mores 风俗，习惯submit 屈从；提交；主张，认为backfire 产生反效果；逆火speculate 推测；思索；投机（venture）wield 行使（权利）；挥舞（宝剑）recreation 再创造；消遣，娱乐peer 同等人，同辈人；凝视project 预测；凸出；投掷，发射；计划mitigate减轻，缓和negate 否认familial 家庭的vain 无用的，虚荣的vein 面纱；掩饰bound n. 范围 v. 跳跃；以...为界；bind的过去式和过去分词be bound to do 必定，一定rationale 基本原理，论据launch 开始，发动；发射supplant = in place of 代替retain 保留status quo 现状downplay 低估，贬低radical 词根，激进分子；根本的；激进的conviction 信念；定罪credit 功劳，声望，信任appeal to 求助于gloss 掩饰；使有光泽explain away 搪塞，把...解释过去complementary 补充的complimentary 称赞的，问候的indefensible 站不住脚的misgiving 疑虑dissent 异议，不同意dispense with 免除exempt 免除shun 避开identity 身份，本体；同一性，完全相同；特性sustain 维持；遭受；忍耐contend 主张，声称；争论（n. contention）object n. 物体 v.反对（objection n.反对）objective n. 目标； adj.客观的dispose 处理，处置；安排，使用except that 只是，只可惜；除了fanciful 幻想的，想象中的apprehend 领会，理解；逮捕；忧虑whereupon 于是，因此administer 实施；给与；服用（药）；管理formulate 明确地表达champion v. 拥护； n. 冠军posit 断定，假定advance 使前进，推进；促进，加速；提出，倡导primacy n. 首位，首要（adj. primary）priority 优先权vary vi. 变化variation n. 变种，变体，变化variable adj.可变的； n. 变量invariably adv. 不变地，总是gross 明显错误的；总的；十足的；粗俗的converse adj. 相反的； n. 相反的事物； v. 交谈scheme 方案，计划，安排presume v. 假定--> presumable adj. 可假定的，可能的--> presumably adv. 可能，大概trade 职业，行业；手艺；交易，贸易court 追求，求爱；招致，带来course 路线；过程，进程；课程only adj. 的；adv. 仅仅，不过conceive 想象，构思perceive 察觉，感知harbor v. 怀有，窝藏； n. 海港，避难所move 打动，感动；提议concede 勉强承认bear 带有，具有；承载，忍受；生（孩子）；熊buffet 打击；餐具柜illuminate 阐明，照亮be committed to doing 致力于，献身于（=be devoted to doing）not so much ... as... 与其说...不如说...mete out 分配，给与（奖惩）viable 可行的，能生存的（n. viability）revolutionary 革命者；革命的--> the Revolutionary War 独立战争reside in 存在于；居住repertoire 常备剧目outrage 使愤慨nuance 精微玄妙之处incipient 初期的mortal 致命的；世间的，人类的shed 脱落；流出；倾注in (the) light of 根据，按照in terms of 就...方面来讲as of 在...时discrepancy 矛盾，差异plague v. 折磨 n. 瘟疫interpose 插入，插话，使介入discourse 论文；演讲，谈话ascribe ... to... 将...归因于... attribute ... to... 将...归因于... owe ... to... 将...归因于... credit... to/with... 将...归因于...。
托福阅读重点词汇分享
托福阅读重点词汇分享托福阅读重点词汇总结1perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激elaborate v. &adj. 精心制作，详细描述;精心制作的 address v.从事，忙于;n. 演讲appropriate v. 拨给资金，盗用/ adj.合适的strain n. 血统，品系，菌株;紧张，张力;v.扭伤，拉紧 article n. 物品，商品intrigue v. &n 激发兴趣;密谋;阴谋intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的assume v. 承担，担任;假装;假设bark n. 树皮; 犬吠bill n.议案，法案; .鸟嘴;账单champion vt. 支持，拥护;n.冠军aging n.老化，陈酿complex n. 综合体 adj.复杂的托福阅读重点词汇总结2concern n. 公司垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译attribute v. &n 归因于;特征，属性default n. &v. 不履行;违约;拖欠;默认值drill vt. 钻孔;训练，操练exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩fair n. 集市，交易会;adj.公平的，美丽的 adv.公平地，直接地 fairly adv. 相当地，公平地game n. 猎物，野味;fashion vt. 形成，塑造 n.时尚，方式inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的alternate v. &adj. 交替，轮流; 交替的托福阅读重点词汇总结3alternating adj.交互的，交替的alternative n. &adj. 可供选择的方案option;选择性的optionalfigure n. 人物;体形hit n. 轰动一时的人物或作品vt. 偶然碰见find n. 发现物spring v. &n 跃出，触发;弹簧，弹性;泉水humor n.体液import v. &n 重要;进口preserve v. &n. 禁猎区;蜜饯;保护quality adj. &n 1.优质的;性质，品质issue v. &n. 流出; 出版，发行;问题jar v. &n 震动;坛子envision v.想象，预想literature n. 文献;文学lot n. 一块地;命运，签fine adj. 细小的，美好的;v.罚款minute adj. 微小的，细小的novel adj. 新颖的casual 偶然的，随便的托福阅读重点词汇总结4causal 原因的，因果关系的pound v. 猛击;乱敲rear v. &n饲养，栽培;后面的produce n. 产品尤指农产品project v. &n使突出，伸出;放映，投射;方案，工程relief n. 凸起,浮雕;痛苦减轻，安慰provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。
TOEFL阅读词汇新题词对总结
阅读词汇新题(1995.8-2004.01)考频考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义abundant plentiful a. 大量的accelerate increase v. 加速；加大accessible available a. 可用的2 accordingly for that reason；consequently ad. 因此2 account （for）explain v. 解释；说明accumulate collect v. 积累；积聚a couple of years two years 两年adequate sufficient a. 充足的adhere stick v. 黏附；胶着adjunct addition n. 附加物administered managed v. 管理adorn decorate v. 装饰advent arrival n. 出现、到达adversely negatively ad. 不利地；有害地advocate proponent n. 倡导者；辩护者aesthetically artistically ad. 审美地；美学地affront insult v 侮辱轻蔑aid help v. 帮助alert wary a. 机敏的allay reduce v. 减少alter change v. 改变；调整alternative option n. 替代；替代物altogether completely ad. 完全地ancillary secondary a. 附属的；辅助的annihilate conquer v. 消灭；征服antagonist enemy n. 对手；敌人antecedent predecessor n. 先辈anticipate look forward to v. 期待；盼望apace with as fast as 快速的appealing attractive a. 吸引人的apply used for v. 应用；适用appreciated (-tion) recognized(-tion) v.(-n) 赏识aptly appropriately ad. 适当地arduous difficult a. 艰巨的；艰苦的article object n. 物品，物体ascend climb v. 攀升；升高2 assemble gather; bring together v. 装配；组合assortment variety n. 品种；种类assumption belief n. 确信的想法attachment preference for n. 依恋；偏好2 attained achieved; reached v. 达到attendant accompanying n. 服务员attire clothing n. 衣着；盛装2 attribute credit; characteristics v. 被认为；被鉴定;特征avail make use v. 有用avid eager a. 渴望的；热心的barren infertile a. 贫瘠的；不毛的besides in addition to prep. 除此之外2 bias prejudice n. 偏见；嗜好bind tie v. 捆；绑；使结合boosted raised v. 提高，推进2 bound limit held n. v. 范围；界限;限制break departure from n. 决裂；破裂brief look glance n. 瞥视；浏览bring about cause v. 导致；引起brittle easily broken a. 易碎的calculate determine v. 计算；确定came to the forefront became importantcarried on continued v. 继续carry support v. 支撑；支持cease stop v. 停止；结束celebratory full of praise n. 颂扬celestial astronomical a. 天空的；天上的chance unplanned a. 偶然的；碰巧的characteristics qualities n. 性质，特性chronicle describe v. 记述classify categorize v. 分类clear unobstructed a. 畅通的；无阻的2 clue information n. 线索；信息cluster group v. 成群2 coarse rough; crude a. 粗糙的coin create v. 创造；杜撰coincide with happen at the same time ad. 同时2 collective(-ly) group (together) n.(ad) 集体(共同地)come of age establish itself v. 达到法定年龄；确立自身地位comparably similarly ad. 可比地；相当地compelling forceful a. 被迫的component parts n. 部分compose focus on v. 创作；创造comprise consist of v. 包含；包括concealed covered a. 隐藏着的concentrate cluster v. 集中；积聚conclusive definitive a. 最后的concomitant with in conjunction with ad. 协同concrete specific a. 具体的；特定的configuration arrangement n. 结构；形状2 confine limit; restrict v. 限制；局限confirm uphold v. 证实；确认conflicting opposing a. 冲突的；抵触的conjectural based on guessing a. 猜测的；推测的consequence result n. 结果2 conserve store; retain v. 保存；保护3 considerable large; substantial; much; great a. 很重要的；很大的consistent constant a. 持续的consort associate v. 结交conspicuous noticeable a. 显著的2 constituent (-v.) component (make up) n. (v.) 成分；要素(构成；组成)consumed (-n) eaten (eat) v. (n.) 吃掉2 contemporary existing; written at that time a. n. 当代的；现有的;同时代convergence gathering n. 聚集2 convert change v. 转换correspondingly similarly ad. 相应地；对应地count weigh v. 有价值；有分量counteract negate v. 抵消；反作用counterpart version n. 复本；对应物crisscross move back and forth v. 穿梭；交错往来critical judge of fine arts connoisseur n. 鉴赏家；评论家crucial important a. 重要的cumbersome burdensome a. 麻烦的；笨重的dampen moisten v. 使潮湿daring bold a. 勇敢的；大胆的deft skilled a. 熟练的；灵巧的deliberate careful a. 审慎的；仔细的demand require v. 要求；需求demise death n. 死亡demonstrate show v. 表明；证实dense thick a. 稠密的；浓厚的depend rely v. 依靠depict represent; describe v. 描述depress lower v. 压低；使沮丧derive obtain v. 得到derived from based on v. 基于2 detectable measurable; apparent a. 可察觉的；易发现的detecting finding v. 探测devastated ruined a. 毁坏的；被破坏的developing evolving a. 发展的；演化的2 devote to dedicate; specializing in v. 致力于；献身于dictate determine v. 指示；决定diffuse travel v. 扩散；传播disaster catastrophe n. 灾难discard get rid of v. 丢弃；抛弃discrete separate adj. 不连续的dispute argument n. 争论；争执disseminate spread/impart v. 散布；传播2 distinct separate; different a. 清晰的；不同的distinguish differentiate v. 区分；辨别divergence difference n. 差异；变化3 diverse dissimilar; varied; different a. 多种多样的；不一样的dividing line boundary n. 边界；分界线do sth. repeatedly iterate v. 重复；反复2 domain field; region n. 领域；范围dominate be prevalent in v. 支配；控制dramatic striking a. 显著的2 drastic (-ly) radical (severely) a. (ad) 激烈的；猛烈的2 draw attract; instruct v. 吸引;引导2 durability (-able) endurance (long-lasting) n. (a.) 经久，耐久(持久的；耐用的)dwelling house n. 住处；寓所eager enthusiastic a. 热心的2 easily moved portable a. 轻便的；可携带的2 effect (-iciency) influence (effectiveness) v. (n.) 影响；效果elaborately done in great detail ad. 详尽地；精心地elevate promote v. 提高；提升elicit bring out v. 引出embraced welcomed v. 欢迎emerge appear v. 浮现；出现2 emit (-ing) give off (producing) v. 发出(生产，发行)emphasize stress v. 强调employ use v. 雇佣；应用2 enable allow; help v. 使能够；使可能enactment performance n. 演出；表演encompass include v. 包含end goal n. 末端；目的endless continuous a. 不断的engaged hired v. 雇佣ensure guarantee v. 保证entire whole a. 全部的entity object n. 实体；存在entomb trap v. 埋葬；设陷阱era period of time n. 时期eradicate eliminate v. 除去；消除erroneous ideas misconception n. 误解；错误观念erroneouslymistake v. 误以为；误认为identified as2 essence (-tial) basic nature; fundamental n. (a.) 基本(基本的)establish create v. 设立；创作estimated judged v. 鉴定evidence indicate n. 迹象；预示evolution development n. 发展exalted superior a. 高贵的；崇高的2 excavate dig v. 挖掘；开凿exceptional remarkable a. 非同一般的execute create v. 造成；制成；履行；执行exercise utilize v. 行使，利用exert cause v. 引起；产生exorbitant expensive a. 昂贵的expendable unprofitable a. 没有用的2 expose subject to; uncover v. 使暴露；暴露于2 extend stretch;increase v. 延长；扩展2 extol praise v. 赞美2 extract remove v. 提取；取得extraordinary supreme a. 非凡的；极度的2 fabricate make; construct v. 制作；装配faction side n. 小派系fashion create v. 造成，引起fatal deadly a. 致命的2 favor prefer v. 喜爱feed put v. 供给；供应feel detect v. 察觉；感觉finding scientific discoveryfine (-ly) tiny; minutely a. 细小的fixture commonplace object n. 固定设备；附属装置flamed burned a. 燃烧的flattering complimentary a. 称赞的；奉承的flourished thrived n. 茂盛forage feed v. 搜索；寻找食物foremost leading adj. 最主要的formidable difficult a. 艰难的forward-looking progressive a. 向前看的；有远见的frame （-work）pose (structure) v. (n.) 构造；提出(框架结构) freeing releasing n. 解除，释放functional usable a. 合用的fundamental basic a. 基础的；基本的furnish provide v. 提供fuse combine v. 熔合；结合gambit calculated risk n. 策略；谋略gap open n. 缺口；缝隙give way to turn into v. 让位；变成glowing shining a. 光亮的good name reputation n. 名声；名誉graphic vivid a. 生动的gradually by degrees ad. 逐渐地grumbled complained v. 抱怨hard firm a. 坚硬的；牢固的hard to deal with stubborn a. 执拗的；固执的hardiest most vigorous a. 最强壮的heart center n. 中心hemisphere side n. 半球；半边henceforth from that time on ad. 自此以后herald announce v. 预示；预报hinged on depended on v. 依靠hinterland region n. 地方；区域ideal perfect a. 完美的identical exactly alike a. 同样的ignite set on fire v. 点燃imitate copy v. 模仿；伪造immunity protection n. 保护immutable unchangeable a. 不变的impediment obstacle n. 妨碍；阻碍imperceptibly subtly ad. 不可觉察地；极缓慢地implement tool n. 工具；器械implication significance n. 含义；意义imposing demanding a. 紧迫的；紧急的in place of instead of ad. 代替in reality actually n. 实际上；事实上inaccessible unreachable a. 难接近的；难达到的inception beginning n. 起初incinerate burn up v. 烧毁incised carved a. 雕刻的inclination preference n. 倾向；偏好incorporate combine v. 结合；合并incriminate blame 有罪induce cause vt. 导致influx arrival n. 流入；到达ingenuity resourcefulness n. 机灵inhibit hinder v. 阻止；阻碍2 initiate start; cause v. 开始；引发2 innovation (-tive) new idea (new) n. 创新；革新(创新的)insignificant unimportant a. 不重要的instance case n. 实例；例证integral essential; fundamental a. 整体的；不可缺少的2 intense (-sive) extreme (concentrated) a. 强烈的；(加强的，集中的)intent goal; purpose n. 目的interchangeable equivalent a. 相等的；可互换的intervals periods n. 周期intermittently periodically ad 间歇的intervention influence n. 干涉；影响intricate complex a. 复杂的intriguing attractive; fascinate a. 迷人的invade move into v. 侵入inviting attractive a. 吸引人的；诱人的justify prove v. 辩护；证实key important a. 重要的laborious difficult a. 费力的lament complain about v. 抱怨lie be located v. 位于load weight n. 重担locale place n. 场所lured attracted v. 吸引，引诱magnify intensify v. 放大；强化3 maintain preserve; keep v. 维持；坚持major principal a. 主要的；大型的make possible allow v. 允许；使可能mandate require v. 要求margin edge n. 边；边缘2 marked pronounce; noticeable a. 明显的；显著的means method n. 方法merely only ad. 仅仅地，只不过meteoric rapid a. 迅速的meticulously careflly ad. 小心地minuscule tiny a. 很小的；微小的minute tiny a. 微小的；细微的modifying changing v. 修改；变化momentarily briefly ad. 短暂的monopolize dominate v. 独占；占优势moreover furthermore; in addition ad. 此外motif design n. 图案；花纹mundane ordinary a. 世俗的；普通的myriad many a. 许多的；无数的nascent immature a. 新生的；初生的nevertheless however ad. 然而；仍然norm standard n. 标准noted observed v. 注意到noticed announced v. 宣告，通告notwithstanding despite; in spite of prep. 尽管nourish feed 喂养noxious harmful a. 有害的；有毒的obtain get; acquire v. 获得；取得obvious apparent a. 明显的；显而易见的optimal best a. 最佳的ornate elaborate a. 华丽的oscillate swing v. 摇摆震荡outbreak beginning n. 爆发；开始outline summarizing v. 总结；概括outstanding excellent a. 杰出的；显著的over great distances faraway a. 遥远之处overtaken surpassed v. 赶上，超越partitioning division n. 划分peak maximum a. 最高的；高峰的peculiar strange a. 奇特的penetrate go through v. 穿透；透过people in the play actor n. 演员；剧中人物periphery outer edge n. 外围permeate spread through v. 传遍persist continue v. 持续personal magnetism charisma n. 个人魅力pertinent relevant a. 有关的phenomena event n. 现象；事件pick up follow v. 寻找；寻路picture imagine n. 图片pit hole n. 坑；洼地place measure v.plunge drop n./v. 投入，陷入ponderous heavy a. 笨重的pore hole n. 毛孔；细孔position job n. 职位；职务postulate suggest v 假定potential possible a. 潜在的；可能的precarious uncertain a. 不稳定的precise accurate a. 精确的prefer favor v. 偏好；喜欢preoccupation involvement n. 专心preside over manage v. 负责；统辖presumably probably ad. 大概prevailed dominated v. 成功，统治2 prevailing most frequent; dominant a. 盛行的；流行的prevent avoid v. 制止；阻止2 primary (-ly) fundamental (chiefly) a. (ad.) 基本的；初步的(主要地)prior to preceding a. 在先；居前prized valued a. 贵重的probe explore v. 探察produce butter n. 产物；产品2 prolific productive (fruitful) a. 多产的prominent distinguished (famous) a. 显著的；卓越的proponent supporter n. 支持者prospect possibility n. 期望；前景prototype model n. 原型；范例protrude project v. 突出；伸出pry off locate v. 查找puncture pierce v. 刺穿；刺破pursue chase v. 追赶raise rear v. 饲养；养育random unpredictable a. 不可知的rapidity swiftness n. 迅速rare infrequent a. 稀有的；罕见的rather （than）instead (of) ad. 相反；相反地raw unprocessed adj. 未加工的readily easily ad. 容易地realization awareness n. 认识；意识reap accept v. 收获；接受rear raise v. 培养；饲养reckless irresponsible a. 不负责任的recorded documented a. 已纪录的recruit enlist v. 征募；补充refreshing unusual a. 清新的；清爽的regardless of no matter what a. 不管relate connect v. 相关；关联reliance dependence n. 依靠remarkable significant a. 异常的；非凡的renounce reject v. 拒绝representative typical a. 典型的resemble be（appear）similar to v. 相似；类似resolve find a solution for v. 解决resort to using v. 采用revered respected v. 尊敬revise change v. 修正；改造revitalize bring new life to v. 新生robust strong a. 强健的；坚强的roll back reduce v. 压低；减少2 rotate alternate; turn v. 轮流；更迭rot decay v. 腐烂roughly approximately ad. 概略地；大约rudimentary undeveloped a. 原始的；简单的run operate v. 操纵rupture burst v. 破裂；裂开rushing rapid a. 急流的sanitation health n. 卫生；健康状态saturate soak v. 浸透；饱和saying two oppositeparadox n. 悖论；隽语thingsscale measure n./v. 刻度/测量2 scarce (-ly) rare (barely) a. (ad.) 稀有的scatter irregularly distribute v. 分散scope extent n. 范围scorched burned v. 烧焦score musical compositions n. 乐谱scurrying rushing v. 急赶2 secure acquire; safe v. ad. 获得；取得;安全的sedentary inactive a. 不移栖的sentiment opinion n. 意见；观点serve as function as v. 充当；担任set establish v. 确定；安置2 settle (-ed) decide (stabled) v. 决定；解决(固定的)severe poverty indigence n. 贫困；赤贫shield protect v. 保护；避开significant meaningful a. 有重要意义的site location n. 地点；场所skepticism doubt n. 怀疑主义；怀疑态度sketching drawing n. 速写；素描skilled expert a. 熟练的；擅长的skyrocket increase rapidly v. 猛涨，突增sleep briefly nap n. 小睡；打盹smooth operation effective functioningsmother eliminate v. 覆盖；除去snap break v. 折断；拉断2 sole only a. 唯一的；独一的solemn serious a. 严肃的；庄重的sort out separate v. 挑选出source of energy fuel n. 能源；燃料span cover v. 包含spawn create v. 产生spark bring about v. 激发；发动speculate hypothesize v. 推测；假设staggering overwhelming a. 压倒的；压倒之势的standard customary a. 标准的standing not flowing a. 停滞的；不流动的2 staple popular edition; basic element n. 大宗物品；流行的东西主要成分stimulate encourage v. 激发；促进story level n. 楼层；层strain stress v. 拉紧，重压strength basis n. 实力；基础stress emphasize v. 强调striking noticeable a. 显著的stringent strict a. 严格的；严厉的strive try 努力奋斗struggle competition n. 竞争subject susceptible a. 易受影响的；遭受影响的subjugate conquer v. 征服subsequent later a. 后来的2 subsidy (-ize) finance n. (v.) 补助金；补贴subtle slight adj. 微小的；精细的succinct concise a. 简洁的；简练的sufficient adequate a. 足够的；充足的suitably appropriately ad. 适宜地sumptuous luxurious a. 豪华的；奢侈的sums amounts n. 和supplant replace; displace v. 取代；替代2 supplement extension; add to n. 补充；补遗support hold v. 支持；支撑supposedly seemingly ad. 按照推测；表面上supremacy dominance n. 至高无上；支配地位supreme most outstanding a. 最大的；极度的2 surge (-ing) increase sharply (accelerating) v. (a.) 急剧增加(高涨的；跃进的)suspend hang v. 挂；悬挂sustain support v. 支撑symmetrical proportionally balanced a. 对称的；匀称的tangled twisted together a. 混乱的teeming with full of 充满telling challenging a. 有效的；有力的tempting attractive a. 诱人的testimony evidence of n. 证据thanks to because of n. 由于；多亏thereby by that means ad. 因此think highly admire v. 钦佩；羡慕thrive grow well v. 茁壮成长thwart frustrate v. 使受挫tolerate endure v. 忍受；忍耐trace imprint n. 痕迹；遗迹transition change, convert v. 转变trend tendency n. 趋势；趋向typify characterize v. 代表，表现ultimately eventually; in the end ad. 最后2 undergo experience v. 经历underscore emphasize v. 强调underwater craft submarine n. 潜水艇undoubtedly certainly ad. 的确地2 unique particular; singular a. 独特的unprecedented never seen before a. 空前的unravel discover v. 解开；阐明unrestricted unlimited a. 无限制的；自由的unsubstantiated unverified a. 未证实的；未核实的urged encouraged v. 催促，鼓励usher beginning v. 引导；开始2 vary (-ious) differ (-ent) v. 变化；改变(不同的) 2 vast large; great a. 巨大的；广阔的venture endeavor n. 冒险；冒险行动very closely intimately ad. 亲密；密切vessel craft n. 船vestige evidence n. 遗迹；残余virtually completely n. 实质地want to much greedy a. 贪婪的；贪心的whether if conj. 是否wider more extensive a. 宽广的witness observe v. 目睹；目击yield provide v. 产生；产生效果。
自己整理的托福阅读可能用到的单词
TPO17:（55）1.Impetus [ˈimpitəs] n. 推动，促进，刺激；推动力例句：This development provided an impetus to a long-held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade.译文：这种发展提供了一个新的契机，那就激发了欧洲与东方建立一个海上的航路来确保两者之间不间断的贸易往来。
2.immensity [iˈmensi ti] n. 巨大,无限, 广大, 巨物, 无限的空间例句：Marco Polo, of the willingness of people in China to trade with Europeans and of the immensity of the wealth to be gained by such contact made the idea irresistible Possibilities for trade seemed promising.译文：马可波罗带回了中国人希望和欧洲人通商的意愿和对于欧洲人来说只要一纸合约便可以获得的取之不尽的财富，所有的这一切，都让欧洲人无法抗拒。
3.irresistible [ˌiriˈzistəbəl] adj. 不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的；无法抗拒的例句：见上一单词4.maritime [ˈmæritaim] adj. 海的；海事的；沿海的；海员的；海上的例句：Europe's maritime tradition had developed in the context of easily navigable seas.译文：欧洲的航海传统是在那些比较容易航行的海域中建立和发展起来的。
5.navigable [ˈnævigəbəl] adj. 可航行的；可驾驶的；适于航行的；可通航的例句：见上一单词modity [kəˈmɔditi] n. 商品，货物；日用品；期货例句：Spices were the most sought-after commodities.译文：香料变成最为普遍的日用品。
托福阅读常考词对-精PPT共306页
1、合法而稳定的权力在使用得当时很 少遇到 抵抗。 ——塞 ·约翰 逊 2、权力会使人渐渐失去温厚善良的美 德。— —伯克
3、最大限度地行使权力总是令人反感 ；权力 不易确 定之处 始终存 在着危 险。— —塞·约翰逊 4、权力会奴化一切。——塔西佗
5、虽然权力是一头固执的熊，可是金 子可以 拉着它 的鼻子 走。— —莎士 比
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
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27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
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toefl阅读关键词汇
亲爱的同学们，TOEFL/GRE阅读中有一些关键但又容易被忽略的词汇，之所以被忽略，是因为它们貌似简单，之所以重要，是因为它们往往在文中担负重要的使命，今我总结出来，陈列于下。
有三类词汇入选：1)似曾相识，却不知其确切含义2)一词多义，只知其一不知其二3)熟词僻义，熟者过熟僻者极僻perspective 透视画法；观点，方法；前景，远景prospect 前景，景色；前途；勘探，寻找appreciate 理解，认识，意识到；欣赏；感激elaborate v.&adj. 精心制作，详细描述；精心制作的address v.从事，忙于；n. 演讲appropriate v. 拨给（资金），盗用/ adj.合适的strain n. 血统，品系，菌株；紧张，张力；v.扭伤，拉紧article n. 物品，商品intrigue v.&n 激发兴趣；密谋；阴谋intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的assume v. 承担，担任；假装；假设bark n. 树皮; 犬吠bill n.议案，法案; .鸟嘴；账单champion vt. 支持，拥护；n.冠军aging n.老化，陈酿complex n. 综合体 adj.复杂的concern n. 公司（垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译）attribute v.&n 归因于；特征，属性default n.&v. 不履行；违约；拖欠；默认（值）drill vt. 钻(孔)；训练，操练exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩fair n. 集市，交易会；adj.公平的，美丽的 adv.公平地，直接地fairly adv. 相当地，公平地game n. 猎物，野味；fashion vt. 形成，塑造 n.时尚，方式inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的alternate v.&adj. 交替，轮流；交替的alternating adj.交互的，交替的alternative n.&adj. 可供选择的方案（option）;选择性的（optional）figure n. 人物；体形hit n. 轰动一时的人物或作品vt. 偶然碰见find n. 发现（物）spring v. &n 跃出，触发；弹簧，弹性；泉水humor n.体液import v.&n 重要；进口preserve v.&n. 禁猎区；蜜饯；保护quality adj. &n 1.优质的；性质，品质issue v.&n. 流出; 出版，发行；问题jar v.&n 震动；坛子envision v.想象，预想literature n. 文献；文学lot n. 一块地；命运，签fine adj. 细小的，美好的；v.罚款minute adj. 微小的，细小的novel adj. 新颖的casual 偶然的，随便的causal 原因的，因果关系的pound v. 猛击；乱敲rear v. &n饲养，栽培；后面的produce n. 产品（尤指农产品）project v.&n使突出，伸出；放映，投射；方案，工程relief n. 凸起,浮雕；(痛苦)减轻，安慰provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。
托福阅读中常用固定搭配及句子扩展
托福阅读中常用固定搭配及句子扩展托福考试前大家要注意平时多积累，帮助大家扩展托福词汇积累，下面小编为大家整理了托福阅读中常用固定搭配及句子扩展，帮助大家掌握和理解这些固定搭配的使用方法，供大家积累和学习，跟着小编一起来看看。
托福阅读中常用固定搭配及句子扩展For the past+ 时间，S + 现在完成式...(过去...年来，...一直...)例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
It pays to + V ~ (...是值得的。
)例句：It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。
be based on (以...为基础)例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。
托福阅读常用词汇
托福阅读常用词汇托福阅读常用词汇阅读在托福考试占着比较大的比例，想要顺利通过托福考试，学好阅读是关键，词汇是决定阅读能力的基础，下面店铺为大家搜索整理了托福阅读常用词汇，希望对大家备考托福有所帮助!Deliberate 故意的;从容不迫的He told us a deliberate lie. 他故意跟我们撒谎。
It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than an accident。
那很像是蓄意的罪行，而不像是意外的事故。
Expedition 远征;考察The scientists will go on an expedition to the South Pole. 这些科学家们将要去南极考察。
They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。
Scatter 分散;撒The birds scattered at the sound of the gun. 枪声一响，群鸟受惊飞散。
Don't scatter your strength. 不要分散你的精力。
The farmers were scattering seeds on the fields. 农夫把种子撒在田里。
Mutually 互相地These two aims are not always mutually complementary： at times they conflict. 这两个目标不总是互补的：有时它们相互抵触。
If everybody is well， mutually congratulates. 如果大家都平安无事，就互相祝贺。
Deprecate 不赞成The peace-loving people deprecate war. 爱好和平的人民反对战争。
I strongly deprecate the use of violence by the students. 我强烈反对学生们使用暴力。
托福阅读考试常见词汇整理
托福阅读考试常见词汇整理以下是托福阅读考试中常见的词汇整理：1. abstract 抽象的2. academic 学术的3. accommodate 容纳4. accuracy 精确度5. acquire 获得6. adapt 适应7. adequate 足够的8. advocate 拥护者9. aggregate 合计10. allocate 安排11. alter 转变12. analyze 分析13. annual 每年的14. anticipate 预期15. apparent 明显的16. approach 方法17. approximate 或许的18. arbitrary 任意的19. artificial 人为的20. assess 评估21. assign 指定22. assume 假设23. attain 实现24. attribute 归因于第1页/共6页25. autonomous 自主的26. aware 意识到的27. bias 偏见28. bond 结合29. boundary 边界30. brainstorm 想法31. bribe 贿赂32. calculate 计算33. capable 有力量的34. capture 捕获35. cause 导致36. cease 停止37. challenge 挑战38. clarify 澄清39. clause 条款40. coherent 连贯的41. collaborate 合作42. collide 碰撞43. commence 开头44. commission 委员会45. commodity 商品46. compensate 补偿47. compete 竞争48. complex 简单的49. comprehensive 全面的50. comprise 包括51. compute 计算52. conceive 构想53. concept 概念54. conclude 结论55. conduct 进行56. confer 商讨57. confine 限制58. conform 符合59. consistent 全都的60. constrain 限制61. construct 构造62. consume 消费63. contend 主见64. convert 转换65. convey 传达66. coordinate 协调67. core 核心68. corporate 公司的69. correspond 对应70. criterion 标准71. crucial 重要的72. currency 货币73. data 数据74. debate 辩论75. decade 十年76. deduce 推断77. define 定义78. demonstrate 证明79. denote 表示80. dense 密集的81. deploy 部署82. depict 描绘83. derive 派生第3页/共6页84. design 设计85. detect 发觉86. determine 确定87. devise 设计88. differentiate 区分89. diminish 削减90. discriminate 卑视91. dismiss 解雇92. distort 扭曲93. distribute 分发94. diverse 多样的95. domain 领域96. dominant 占主导地位的97. draft 草案98. dramatically 显著地99. duration 持续时间100. dynamic 动态的101. economy 经济102. edit 编辑103. emerge 消灭104. empirical 实证的105. enable 使能够106. encounter 患病107. energy 能量108. enforce 执行109. enhance 增加110. ensure 确保111. entity 实体112. environment 环境113. equate 等同114. equivalent 等效的115. erode 侵蚀116. essential 重要的117. establish 建立118. estimate 估量119. evolve 演化120. exceed 超过121. exclude 排解122. exhibit 呈现123. expand 扩大124. expert 专家125. explicit 明确的126. exploit 利用127. expose 暴露128. external 外部的129. extract 提取130. facilitate 促进131. factor 因素132. feasible 可行的133. feature 特征134. federal 联邦的135. feedback 反馈136. file 文件137. fluctuate 波动138. focus 焦点139. format 格式140. forthcoming 即将到来的141. foundation 基础142. framework 框架第5页/共6页143. function 功能144. fundamental 基本的145. furthermore 此外146. generate 生成147. global 全球的148. goal 目标149. grade 成果150. grant 授予以上是托福阅读考试中常见的词汇整理，期望对您有挂念！。
托福考试阅读常考词组及短语(2)汇总
托福考试阅读常考词组及短语（2）51．give access to 向…开放To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland， the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces．52．give birth to 使诞生，引起Most insects lay eggs， but some give birth to live young．53．give off 发散，发出If Jupiter were larger， it would give off much less heat．54．give rise to 引起，导致The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style．55．go beyond 超过，越过An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject’s underlying feelings and reasons．56．go out of business 停业，关门The shop went out of business．57．have nothing to do with 与…无关A species’ survival may ha ve nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt．58．impart to 传授给They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation．59．impose on 强加于New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education．60．in common 共同No two comets ever look identical， but they have basic features in common．61．in favor of 赞同，支持The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting．62．in quantity 大量，大批There were also a number of poor－quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy， inexpensive means．63．in season 当季Before the mid－nineteenth century， people in the United States ate most foods only in season．64．in spite of 尽管，任凭In spite of problems with their condition， restoration， and preservation many panel paintings have survived．65．in the absence of 在缺乏…的情况下The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities．66．in view of 由于In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy， they should disappear in a few million years．67．instead of 代替Instead of working with light， however， he worked with microwaves．68．invest in 投资He started to invest in the town’s cultural development．69．lead to 导致，引起In fact， there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting， even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation．70．leave out 排除Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered．71．off the mark 不正确This analogy is not far off the mark．72．on behalf of 代表Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth．73． on the basis of 在…的基础上Antoine Lavisher， on the basis of careful experimentation， was led to propose a different theory of burning74．owing to 由于，因为Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils， owing to the incredible richness of marine life．75．perceive sth as sth 认为Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern， it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it．76．pick up 学会Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues．77．put off 推迟Some tasks could not be done in the winter， other had to be put off during harvest time．78．regardless of 不顾Ultimately， literature is aesthetically valued， regardless of language， culture， or mode of presentation．79．result from 因．．而产生Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding．80．result in 结果，导致The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil．81．set about 开始，动手African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States．82． set aside 留下将来用Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use， while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development．83．so far 到目前为止The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far．84．sort out 把…分类Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight．85．spring up 涌现In the early colonial day in North America， small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline．86．stem from 起源于It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation．87．stretch out 伸展，伸出The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter， some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons．88．strive for 为…而奋斗As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed．89．take account of sth．/take sth into account 考虑到Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces， and taking that into account when executing their public commissions．90．take advantage of 利用Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits， vegetables， and dairy products to achieve more varied fare．91．thanks to 由于kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks．92．to some extent 某种程度上Their attitudes toward themselves changed， and， to some extent， other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them．93．turn out 结果是，证明是Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century， but the market turned out to be mainly domestic．94．usher in 宣告…的来临Autumn could be ushered in by severe frost．95． wear away 磨损Natural forces wear away the Earth’s crust96．wipe out 消灭，肃清Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting．97．with respect to 在…方面The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art， with respect to the development of watercolor painting．98． with the advent of 随着…的出现With the advent of high－resolution radio interferometers during the late 1970’s， part of the answer became clear．99．with the aid of 借助于It is now taught with the aid of computers．100．with the exception of 除．．以外With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth，whether by block， roller， or screen， all of these are based on dyeing； that is， the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath．。
TOEFL阅读常考固定词对补
enthusiasm passion激情, 热情 zeal热心, 热情, 热诚 zest 强烈的兴趣, 热情, 热心 favor 欢心, 好意, 喜爱 ardor热诚 fervency热烈, 热情
frenzy 狂暴, 狂怒 fanatical狂热的, 盲信的 cordial兴奋剂, 兴奋性饮料 crazy
PART 3
indifferent Impassive 冷漠的 Nonchalant 冷淡的 uninterested Apathetic 缺乏兴趣的, 无动于衷的
relentless无情的 merciless ruthless pitiless
curious inquisitive Nosy 好管闲事的, 爱追问的
concern anxiety apprehension忧惧
chaos混乱, 混沌 disorder confusion mess disarrangement disarray turmoil 骚动, 混乱
Riot
暴乱, 骚动
turbulence 骚乱, 动荡
commotion骚动, 暴乱
abolish terminate annul 废除, 取消, 废止 repeal 废止, 撤销
provoke foment 煽动 prompt instigate激起；煽动 agitate incite
eager yearning anxious desirous avid渴望的
constrain vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束 compel vt.强迫, 迫使 force
adjacent adjoining neighboring
boundary 边界
border
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TOEFL阅读常考固定词对1 abundant 丰富的plentiful 丰富的2 accelerate 加速increase 增加3 accessible 可达到的reachable 可达到的4 accordingly 因此for that reason 因此5 account for 说明explain 说明6 accumulate 积聚collect 收集7 acute 急性的intense 剧烈的8 adhere 粘附stick 粘附9 adjunct 辅助addition 附加10 adorn 装饰decorate 装饰11 adverse 相反的negative 负面的12 advocate 提倡者proponent 支持者13 aesthetical 审美的artistic 艺术的14 astound 令人极为惊讶surprise 令人惊讶15 attachment (to) 喜爱preference (for)喜爱16 attain 获得achieve 获得17 attendant 伴随的accompanying 伴随的18 attire 衣物clothing 衣物19 attribute 特征characteristic 特点20 aviation 航空navigation 航空21 barren贫瘠的infertile 贫瘠的22 bias 偏见prejudice 偏见23 bizarre 奇异的odd 奇怪的24 boost 促进raise 提高25 bound 限制limit 限制26 bring about 导致cause 导致27 break (with) 与…相分离departure (from) 与…相分离28 calculate 计划determine 决定29 carry 支撑support 支撑30 cast off 丢弃get rid of 抛弃31 cease 终止stop 停止32 celestial 天上的astronomical 天文的33 chance 偶然的unplanned 未计划的34 classify 分类categorize分类35 characterized 具有特色的distinguished 杰出的36 coarse 粗糙rough 粗糙37 cohesion 凝聚unity 结合，统一38 coin 创造，杜撰create 创造39 collectively 共同地together 一起40 comparably 类似similarly 同样地41 compile 收集put together 收集42 compose 创作create 创作，创造43 comprise 由….组成consist of 由…..组成44 conceal 隐藏hide 隐藏45 concentrate 集中cluster 集中46 conclusive 最后的，结论性的definitive 最后的，确定性的47 concomitant with 与…..相一致in conjunction with 与…..相一致48 condone 宽恕mercy 宽恕49 confined 被限制的limited 限制的50 conflict 冲突opposition 相反51 conjectural 推测的based on guessing 基于猜测的52 consciously 有意识地on purpose 有目的53 conserve 保存retain 保存54 considerable （数量、程度）巨大的great 巨大的55 considerable 巨大的much 许多的56 considerable 大量的substantial 大量的57 consort 合伙人associate 伙伴58 conspicuous 明显的noticeable 明显的59 constituent 组成部分component 成分60 constitute 构成make up 构成61 consult 商量counsel 商量62 consumption 消费eating 吃63 contemporary 当代的existing 现存的64 counteract 抵消negate 取消，否定65 counterpart 副本version 版本66 crucial 重要的essential 基本的67 customary 习俗的usual 一般的68 cumbersome 麻烦的burdensome 麻烦的69 dampen 使潮湿moisten 使潮湿70 daring 大胆的bold 大胆的71 deft 灵巧的skilled 熟练的72 eliberate 深思熟虑的careful 小心的73 demand 要求order 命令74 demonstrate 证明show 显示75 dense 密集的thick 周密的76 depress 降低lower 降低77 depressed 沮丧的saddened 悲伤的，沮丧的78 derive 取得，获得obtain 获得79 detect 发现discover the presence of 发现…..的存在80 detectable 可察觉的，可测出的measurable 可测量的81 detectable可察觉的，可测出的sizable 巨大的82 devastate 损坏ruin 毁灭83 devote 投身dedicate 致力84 dictate 规定determine 确定85 diffuse 扩散travel 传播86 dirt 土壤soil 土壤87 disaster 灾祸catastrophe 大灾祸88 discreet慎重的careful 小心的89 discrete 离散的separate 分离的90 dispute 争论argument 争论91 disseminate 传播spread/impart/inform 散布/传播/传播92 distinct 截然不同的different 不同的93 distinct 明显的obvious 明显的94 distinct 分别的，截然不同的separate 分离的95 distinction 区别difference 差别96 distinguished 不同的differentiated 不同的，有区别的97 divergence 分歧difference 不同98 dogma 教条belief/doctrine 信仰/教条99 domain 范围，领域field 土地，领域100 dominate 占优势be prevalent in 占优势101 dramatic 引人注目的striking 引人注目的102 drastic 猛烈的radical 根本的103 drastic 激烈的severe 猛烈的104 draw 吸引attract 吸引105 durable 耐久的lasting 持久的106 durable 耐久的endurable 持久的107 dwelling 住宅house 房子108 eagerly anticipate 热切地期望look forward to 盼望109 elaborate 详尽的，精巧的detailed 详细的，精细的110 embed 植入encase 包裹111 embrace （欣然）接受welcome 欢迎112 embracer 接收者recipient 接收者，收件人113 emerge 出现appear 出现114 emit 发射give off 发射115 employ 雇用hire 雇用116 enable 使能够allow 准许117 enable 使能够help 帮助118 enact 制定法律，扮演角色perform 扮演角色119 end 目的goal 目的120 entire 全部的whole 全部的121 entity 实体object 物体122 entomb 埋葬trap 使陷于….之中123 eradicate 根除eliminate 清除124 essential 基本的fundamental 基本的125 evidence 表明indicate 指出126 exalted 高贵的superior 出众的127 exceed 超越surpass 超过128 execute（按计划或设计）做成，制成create 创造129 exert 施加apply 施行130 exorbitant 昂贵的expensive 昂贵的131 expedient 权宜之计makeshift 权宜之计132 exponential leaps 几何级数般的跳跃rapid increases 快速增加133 expose 揭露uncover 揭露134 expose to 暴露于subject to 使经受，使遭受135 extend 延长increase 扩大136 extend 延伸stretch 伸展137 extol 赞美praise 赞扬138 extract 提取remove 清除139 faction 帮派side 一方140 fade (form) 淡出disappear (form) 消失141 fashion 制作create 创造142 fatal 致命的deadly 致命的143 feed 填入put 放入144 fine 细小的minute 微小的145 first rank 顶级的highest quality 最高档次的146 fixture 固定装备commonplace object 常规物体147 flatter 奉承compliment 赞美148 forage 喂草料feed 喂食149 forward-looking 有远见的progressive 进步的150 frame 给…设框pose 使摆放姿势151 fundamental 基本的basic 基本的152 fuse 融合combine 联合153 gap 裂缝opening 裂缝154 give way to 被..所代turn into 转变为155 glow （炽热）发光shine 发光156 hard 坚硬的firm 坚硬的157 hemisphere 半球side 一侧158 herald 预示，宣布announce 预示，宣布159 homogeneous 同源的uniform 一致的160 imitate 模仿copy 复制161 immunity 免疫protection 保护162 implement 工具tool 工具163 implication 内涵significance 含义，意义164 impose 加强（要求）demand 要求165 in place of 代替instead of 代替166 inadequate 不充分的deficient 缺乏的，不足够的167 incise 切割carve 雕刻168 inclination 爱好，倾向preference 爱好169 induce 导致cause 导致170 inevitable 不可避免的ineluctable 不可避免的171 influx 流入arrival 到达172 ingot 金属锭 a block of metal 一块金属173 inhibit 阻止hinder 妨碍174 initially 最初at first 第一175 initiate 创立begin 开始176 instance 案例case 案例177 instantaneous 立竿见影的immediate 立即的178 integral 整体的，构成整体所必需的essential 基本的，必需的179 intense 强烈的extreme 极端的180 interchangeable 可替换的equivalent 等值的181 intervention 干涉influence 影响182 intricate 复杂的complex 复杂的183 inviting 吸引人的attractive 吸引人的184 jolt 使震惊的shock 使震惊的185 lament 令人对….感到遗憾complain about 抱怨186 lure 引诱attract 吸引187 magnify 扩大increase 提高188 magnify 扩大intensify 加强189 magnitude 量值，大小extent 范围190 maintain 维持preserve/keep 保持/保持191 major 主要的principal 主要的192 maneuver 策略，花招trick 诡计193 margin 边缘edge 边缘194 marked 明显的pronounced 明显的195 meticulous 过分注意细节的careful 小心的196 milestone 里程碑significant development 重大发展的197 minuscule 微小的tiny 微小的198 minute 微小的tiny 微小的199 modify 改变change 改变200 monopolize 垄断dominate 支配201 moreover 进一步说furthermore 进一步说202 mundane 世俗的ordinary 平常的203 myriad of 无数的many 许多的204 nevertheless 然而notwithstanding 然而205 novel 新颖的innovative 创新的206 noxious 有害的harmful 有害的207 obtain 得到acquire 获得208 obtain 获得procure 得到209 outbreak 爆发beginning 开始210 outline 概要summarization 概述211 outstanding 出类拔萃的excellent 很好的212 peak 顶峰maximum 最大值213 peculiar 独特的distinctive 独特的214 penetrate 穿过go through 穿过215 persist 坚持continue 持续216 pertinent 相关的relevant 相关的217 phenomenon 现象event 事件218 pick up 沿着follow 沿着219 picture 想象，描写imagine/describe 想象/描写220 pit 深坑hole 洞221 ponder 沉思meditate 沉思222 ponderous 笨重的heavy 沉重的223 pore 孔hole 洞224 position 位置location 位置225 potential 潜在的possible 可能的226 prefer 喜欢favor 喜欢227 preoccupation 全神贯注involvement 全神贯注228 preside over 掌管manage 掌管229 prevailing 主要的most frequent 最经常的230 prevent 阻止deter 避免231 primary 基础的leading 最主要的232 principal 主要的paramount极为重要的233 prior to 在…之前preceding 前面的234 prominent 卓越的distinguished 杰出的235 prominent 卓越的prestigious 著名的236 property 特点characteristic 特点237 proponent 支持者supporter 支持者238 prospect 前景possibility 可能性239 protrude 突出project 突出240 puncture 刺破pierce 刺破241 rapid 快速的swift 迅速的242 rare 稀罕的infrequent 不经常的243 rather 相反instead 相反244 readily 容易地easily 容易地245 realization 认识到awareness 认识到246 reap 收获gain 获得247 reckless 不负责任的irresponsible 不负责任的248 refreshing 给人新鲜感的unusual 不同寻常的249 relate 与…有关connect 与…有关250 reliance 依靠dependence 依靠251 remarkable 非凡的extraordinary 非凡的252 restricted 受限制的limited 受限制的253 revise 修改change 改变254 rich 丰富的abundant 丰富的255 robust 强壮的strong 强壮的256 roll back 把…压到标准水平reduce 降低，减少257 rotate 旋转alternate 交替258 rotate 旋转turn 旋转259 roughly 大约approximately 大概260 rudimentary 初步的undeveloped 尚未发展完备的261 rupture 爆裂burst 爆裂262 sanitation 卫生health 卫生263 scale 攀登climb 攀登264 scope 范围range 范围265 secure 弄到，获得acquire 获得266 secure 安全的stable稳定的267 set 设置establish 建立268 settle 定居locate 坐落269 shield 保护protect 保护270 shy away from 躲避avoid 躲避271 simultaneous 同时的synchronous 同时的272 since 因为now that 既然273 site 地点location 位置274 skepticism 怀疑doubt 怀疑275 skilled 熟练的expert 熟练的276 skyrocket 快速上升的increase rapidly 迅速增加277 smother 窒息eliminate 清除278 snap 断裂break 断裂279 sole 唯一的merely 仅仅280 solemn 严肃的serious 严肃的281 some 大约approximately 大概282 sort out 区分separate 分离283 spark 引起，开始bring (about)/usher (in) 引起/开始284 spawn 引起，大量生产create 创造285 speculate 推测hypothesize 假设286 spot 发现identify 确定，鉴别287 staggering 令人惊愕的overwhelming 压倒性的288 staple 主要部分basic element 基本组成部分289 stationary 静止的fixed 固定的290 stimulate 刺激encourage 鼓励291 story 故事tale 故事292 strategy 诡计scam/trick 诡计/诡计293 strength 力量的源泉basis 基础294 stress 强调emphasize 强调295 stringent 严格的strict 严格的296 struggle 挣扎competition 竞争297 subject to 易受….的susceptible to 易受….的298 subsidize 资助finance 资助299 substantiate 证实verify 证实300 subtle 精巧微妙的slight 细微的301 succinct 简短的concise/terse 简明的/简短的302 sufficient 充足的adequate 充足的303 sumptuous 诸多的，奢侈的luxurious 诸多的，奢侈的304 supplement 补充extension 扩展，延伸305 support 支持hold/upload 支撑/支持306 supposed 假定的seeming 表面上的307 supremacy 至高无上的dominance 优势308 supreme 至高无上的most outstanding 最出类拔萃的309 surge 汹涌进行accelerate 加速发展310 suspend 悬挂hang 悬挂311 symmetrical 对称的proportionally balanced 比例平衡的312 tangle 纠缠twist/jumble 缠绕/使混乱313 tempting 吸引人的attractive 吸引人的314 thankful 感谢grateful 感激315 trace 痕迹imprint 印记316 trend 倾向tendency 趋向317 unadorned 未装饰的disorganized 混乱的318 undergo 经历experience 经历319 uniform 统一integrate 整合320 unique 独一无二的particular 独特的321 unravel 弄清discover 发现322 usher in 开始begin 开始323 vary 改变differ 与…不同324 vast 宽广的，巨大的large 巨大的325 vibrate 震动convulse 震动326 vigilant 警惕的alert 警惕的327 virtually 实质上（几乎）actually/practically/almost 实际上（几乎）328 witness 目击observe 观察329 yield 产生provide 提供词语归类jurisdiction 司法权privilege 特权sovereignty 最高统治权，国家主权，独立自主Autonomy 自主权，自治权Capitalism 资本主义individualism 个人主义Condiment 调味品ingredient 成分, 因素kitchen 厨房picnic 野餐barbecue 烤烧Cuisine 烹饪nonsense n.胡说, 废话dialogue 对话gossip 绯闻Dialect 方言土话radius 半径，辐射光线, 界限diameter 直径opera 歌剧drama 戏剧tragedy 悲剧Comedy 喜剧Maxim 格言, 座右铭Allegory 寓言legend 传说Myth 神话coarse 粗糙的，不精制的；粗鲁无礼的（尤指性的）tough 坚韧的crude 天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的complex 复杂的complicated 结构复杂的intricate 错综复杂的Perplexing 麻烦的，复杂的innate 先天的, 天生的Impulsive 冲动的Instinctive 本能的Spontaneous 自发的, 自然产生的Pervasive 普遍深入的typical 典型的，有代表性的universal 普遍的，广泛的Ubiquitous 到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的accidental 意外的random 任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的haphazard 偶然的, 随便的devour 吞噬gorge 狼吞虎咽, 塞饱Swallow 吞咽scent 气味，香味aroma 芳香, 香气, 香味balmy 芳香的,, (空气)温和的Fragrant 芳香的breeze 轻风，微风gust 强风storm 暴风hurricane 飓风Tornado 龙卷风tyrannical adj.残暴的dictatorial adj.独裁的autocratic adj.独裁的, 专制的constrain vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束compel vt.强迫, 迫使forceadjacent 邻近的adjoining 毗连邻近的Neighboring 邻近的boundary 边界border 国界brim (杯, 碗等)边, 边缘, (河)边rim 边, 轮缘, 蓝框fringe 边缘, 须边, 刘海frontier 国境, 边疆, 边境margin (湖、池等的)边缘periphery 外围confine 限制，禁闭circumscribe 划定范围restrict 限制，约束limit 限制，限量solitary 孤独的isolated 孤立的，隔离的lonely 孤单的amplify 放大, 增强magnify 放大, 扩大Enlarge 放大，扩展mitigate 减轻Relieve 缓减，消除abate 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻alleviate 使(痛苦等)易于忍受, 减轻diminish 缩小lessen 减少, 减轻reducedecreaseconvincing 令人信服的persuasive 善说服的pray 祈祷seek 请求求教implore 恳求, 哀求pursue 追击追求woo 求爱, 追求, 恳求, 招致seek 寻找探寻appeal 上诉accuse 指控charge 控诉crucial 决定性的essential 必不可少的significant 有重要意义的Critical 关键的primary 初等的基本的radical 根本的Fundamental 基本的重要的fellowship 学术奖金scholarship 奖学金stipend n.薪金, 定期生活津贴accurateexactPrecise 精确的obscure 费解模糊不清的vague 模糊糊涂的frightenterrifyThreatenemphasize 强调使突出highlight 强调突出n 亮点underscore 下划线强调Underline 加强突显ignore 忽视neglect 忽视, 疏忽overlook 没注意到Penetrate 穿透, 渗透Pierce 刺穿（用尖锐工具切入或穿过，刺穿或刺入）Puncture 用带尖的物体穿透adhere 粘附, 胶着, 坚持cling vi.粘紧, 附着, 紧贴, 墨守(习惯)Stick 粘住（用粘着物体、胶水或胶带，把东西固定或相连）cohesive 粘着的adhesive 带粘性的hygiene 卫生, 卫生学sanitation 卫生系统设备体系healthsummit 顶点峰会climax 顶点极点maximum 最大值peak 山峰最高点topabundantmyriads ofprolific 多产的, 丰富的, 大量繁殖的profuse 极其丰富的ampleluxuriant 丰产的, 丰富的, 肥沃的, 奢华的richplentifulfinetinyminutegiganticcolossaltremendousenormousimmenseprodigious巨大的massiveherculeantitanicHugeadversehostileopposedContend 斗争, 竞争, 主张，与困难相斗争competestrife 斗争, 冲突, 竞争，有冲突的不合；激烈的斗争competitorantagonist 敌手, 对手opponentadversary 敌手, 对手rivalbetrayrenounce 断绝关系rebelliousdefiant 挑战的, 挑衅的fidelity忠实, 诚实loyaltyfaithfulnessadherencetraditionalconventionalcustomarygrumble 怨言, 满腹牢骚lament 悲伤, 哀悼gibe 嘲笑ridicule 嘲笑, 奚落deride 嘲弄, 嘲笑jeer 嘲弄, 戏弄sneer 冷笑, 嘲笑insult 侮辱, 凌辱Humiliate 羞辱, 使丢脸, 耻辱prestige 威信声望fame 名声名望reputation 名气名声distinction 声望, 显赫notecomplimentextolpraiseblamecondemnDenounce 公开指责, 公然抨击removeRid 使摆脱, 使去掉canceleliminateimpair 削弱devastate毁坏ruindisfigure 损伤外貌, 使变丑abolishterminateannul 废除, 取消, 废止repeal 废止, 撤销provokepromptinstigate激起；煽动agitateinciteeageryearninganxiousdesirousavid渴望的wistful 渴望的, 想望的enthusiasmpassion激情, 热情zeal热心, 热情, 热诚zest 强烈的兴趣, 热情, 热心favor 欢心, 好意, 喜爱ardor热诚fervency热烈, 热情frenzy 狂暴, 狂怒fanatical狂热的, 盲信的cordial兴奋剂, 兴奋性饮料crazyindifferentImpassive 冷漠的Nonchalant 冷淡的uninterestedApathetic 缺乏兴趣的, 无动于衷的relentless无情的mercilessruthlesspitilesscuriousinquisitiveNosy 好管闲事的, 爱追问的calmtranquil安静的stillquiescentsedate安静的, 稳重的placidQuietviolentVehement 激烈的, 猛烈的, (情感)热烈的Furiousshoutyelp (因痛而)叫喊rant 咆哮, 激昂地说howl嚎叫, 怒吼,bawl大叫screamYell 大叫, 忍不住笑, 呼喊clamor喧闹, 叫嚷concernanxietyapprehension忧惧chaos混乱, 混沌disorderconfusionmessdisarrangementdisarrayturmoil 骚动, 混乱Riot 暴乱, 骚动turbulence 骚乱, 动荡Commotion 骚动, 暴乱rebellionrevoltinsurrection 起义insurgence 起义, 造反, 暴动, 叛乱astonishastoundstartleamazesurpriseSoothe 使(某人,其神经,其情绪)平静comfortPlacate 安抚Appease 平息, 安抚, 缓和, 使满足Pacify 使平静Solace 安慰conciliate安慰, 赢得representativerepresentationdelegateDeputyCommissary 代表, 物资供应所, 委员Deputation 代表团convivial欢宴的, 欢乐的exalteddelightfulblithe愉快的, 高兴的exultant非常高兴的, 欢跃的jubilant欢呼的, 喜悦的, 喜洋洋的joyousgleeful愉快的hilarious欢闹的,引起或喜好欢闹的rapture全神贯注ecstasy入迷ravish着迷于：充满激情elation得意洋洋, 兴高采烈anguish使极苦闷, 使极痛苦Distress悲痛, 穷困,SufferingAgony苦恼, 极大的痛苦Grief 悲痛, 伤心事,Misery 苦难SorrowTorment痛苦;折磨torture折磨, 拷问marvelous 不可思议的, 非凡的miraculous奇迹的, 不可思议的mysteriouscryptic含义模糊的, 神秘的, 隐藏的indecipherable破译不出的, 难辨认的incense激怒irritate刺激rage大怒Enrage激怒Outrage激怒Fret(使)烦恼Fury狂怒, 狂暴Wrath愤怒exasperate激怒clumsyawkwardgauche笨拙的adeptdeftagile 敏捷的, 轻快的,nimbleadroit熟练的；灵巧的skillfuldeceitcheatfrauddeception欺骗, 诡计deceivebeguile诱骗, 诱惑defraudcheatnovice新手, 初学者tyro生手, 初学者beginnergreen handcraftycunningsneaky鬼祟的, 卑鄙的sly狡猾的strategytrickscam诡计,故事artifice技巧conspiracy共谋, 阴谋admitacknowledgeavow承认reveal揭露，泄露disclose揭露, 透露unveil显露, 除去面纱discoverconceal隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒hide隐瞒（不让人知道）disguiseshroud 遮蔽, 隐藏austere简朴的thrifty节约的frugal节俭的,廉价的ultimatelyfinallyeventuallyprimitive 远古的, 粗糙的Primordial原始的，最早的initial 最初的original 原版的primeval太古的；原始时代的primary 最初初级的daring 勇敢的intrepid无畏的, 勇猛的courageousdauntlessvaliant勇敢的, 英勇的valorous勇敢的, 勇武的, 无畏的gallant英勇的, 豪侠的heroic英雄的, 英勇的heal 治愈消除remedy药物, 治疗法Cure 治愈，疗程treatment 治疗，疗法therapy治疗法recover vi.痊愈, 复原,Restore vt.恢复rehabilitate使(身体)康复temporary 临时的tentative暂时的, 临时的contingent附随的, 暂时的provisional临时的momentary 瞬间的, 刹那间的transitory短时间的ingenious 有独创性的, 精制的intelligentbrightwisebrilliantinactive不活动的, 停止的Blunt钝的, 生硬的inert 无活动的, 惰性的obtuse 圆头的, 愚蠢的concisesuccinctterse简洁的, 扼要的briefabsurdfantastic稀奇古怪的, 荒谬的, nonsensical无意义的, 荒谬的preposterous荒谬的descendantposteritypioneer 先锋predecessor 前辈precursor 先行者先兆forerunner 先驱abandondiscardDesert 放弃, 遗弃forsake 放弃（先前所坚持的某物）renounce 放弃头衔rejectquit 放弃斗争：relinquish 放弃专长的或想做的事abnegate 放弃权力或要求abdicate 放弃职位,权力disclaim 放弃某人的权利acuteastute敏锐的，精明的sharpnotorious声名狼籍的disreputableflagrant 恶名昭著的, 公然的loathedetestabominate痛恨, 憎恶dislikeprestigiousdistinguishednotablerenownedillustriousfamousfine-tunerectifyadjustregulateassemblecongregate 聚集成一组gatheramass 收集, 积聚(尤指财富) collectschool （常与of连用）鱼群；鲸群grouphorde 一大群，一伙人swarm蜂群, 一大群throng一大堆东西；一窝crowdflock羊群, (禽、畜等的)群,bleak 荒凉的, 凄凉的,barrendeserteddesolate荒凉的, 无人烟的divert转移, 转向diverge (道路等)分叉, (意见等)分歧deflect (使)偏斜, (使)偏转deviate背离, 偏离digress离题pleasingagreeableaffable和蔼可亲的honorrevere尊敬, 敬畏, 崇敬defer推迟, 延期, 听从, 服从esteemrespectdisdain蔑视, 鄙弃despisescorncontemn侮辱, 蔑视haughty傲慢的arrogantbloated傲慢的overbearing专横的insolent傲慢的, 无礼的intrude闯入, 侵入invadeinfringeaggress攻击, 侵犯retort反驳, 反击disproverebut反驳gainsay否认rebuke斥责, 指责controversyargumentdispute争论debatesquabble争吵compromise妥协, 折衷concession让步yieldmanipulateoperatesteernavigate驾驶, 操纵interferehamperhandicapbalk妨碍stall (使)停止, 迟延tamper干预, 玩弄hurdle 障碍, 跨栏blockobstructbarhinderimpede阻止restrictrestraininhibitfetter束缚, 加脚镣doctrine教条, 学说belieffaithcathedral大教堂chapel小礼拜堂, 礼拜churchcreed信条dogmatheology神学negate否定, 打消denydisaffirm [律] 废弃, 否认, 取消disavow不承认, 否认imminentapproachingimpending迫近procession行列, 队伍sequence次序, 顺序, 序列serial连续的lengthenprolongpostponeadjourn使中止, 推迟protract延长detain拘留, 留住, 阻止retard延迟, 使减速unanimity全体一致congruity一致, 适合, 调和uniformity一致, 均匀coincidence一致, 相合accord一致, 给与consensus一致同意assumespeculatesupposepresumesurmise猜测conjecture 推测, 臆说allot (按份额)分配, 分派assignappointdesignate指定, 指派allocate分派, 分配dispatchavoidescapeevade规避dodge避开, 躲避eschew避开, 远避fleetranscend超越, 胜过surpassexceedsomber昏暗的, 阴天的dismal阴沉的, 凄凉的sullen 沉沉不乐的, (天气等)阴沉的lumber 木材木料timber 木材log 原木木料glow发光, 发热glare闪耀flare闪光, 闪耀shineflicker闪动, 闪烁ablaze着火的, 激动的gleam闪烁, 隐约地闪现confirmsubstantiate使实体化, 证实corroborate使坚固, 确证certify证明, 保证verify 查证, 核实skepticaldubious可疑的, 不确定的suspiciousfishy靠不住的；可疑的attirecostumegarb服装uniformapparel衣服, 装饰garmentguise 装束, 伪装bequest遗产, 遗赠legacyheritageinheritance遗传, 遗产remainsremnant剩余, 零料, 残迹vestige遗迹, 痕迹, 残余,relic 废墟, 纪念物residue 残余, 渣滓, 滤渣lureallure吸引bait饵, 诱惑物entice诱惑, 诱使seduce诱使inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的charming 引人陶醉的tempting 吸引人的appealing 有魅力的动人的catching 吸引人的动人的attractivechillyfrigid寒冷的, 冷淡的icyblendcombinemixamalgamate合并muddle混合shuffle拖曳, 搅乱imprudentimpertinent无关的, 鲁莽的rashrudemadcap轻率的, 狂妄的ornament装饰, 修饰adorn装饰decoratepledge 誓言信物swear 宣誓vow 发誓Promise 保证supersede代替, 取代supplantsubstitutereplaceconstantstablestagnantstationary固定的steadyimmobile稳定invariable不变的, 永恒的barreninfertilearid干旱的, 贫瘠的(土地等)sterile贫脊的, 不育的capabilitycapacitycompetencefacultyresourcetalent才干, 才能abilitypowerperish死亡, 腐烂demise死亡expire期满, 终止, 呼气decease 死亡illustrateilluminateclarify澄清, 阐明industriousassiduous勤勉的, 刻苦的diligentpainstakingLaborious 勤劳的费力的arduous费劲的, 辛勤的malevolent有恶意的, 坏心肠的malicious怀恶意的, 恶毒的malignant恶性的。