初中英语时态教案

初中英语时态讲解
一、一般现在时：
〔一〕定义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主
语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。

I get up at 6:30 in the morning .
She is at home .
(二)构成：主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词
词尾加 s/es。

(三)句型
1、肯定句：主语 +谓语 +其他。

She reads English everyday .
2、否认句：主语 +don’t/doesn 谓’语t+ +其他。

He doesn ’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .
3、一般疑问句： Do/Does+主语 +V 原 +其他？
Do you like English ?Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语 +V 原+其他？
What time do you get up every morning ?
Where does your father work ?
〔三〕用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时
间状语如： often , sometimes , usually， always , everyday year，month．．．〕 , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom ,等连用。

I leave home for school at seven every morning .
2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。

The sun rises in the east日.出东方。

The earth goes around the sun地.球绕着太阳转。

Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。

Light travels faster than sound 光.的速度比声音的速度快。

The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
美国位于太平洋西岸。

3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间
或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的
动作。

I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。

If you come this afternoon,we’ll have a meeting .
4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。

这里的目的是为了"
描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点 "不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态 "。

例如：
He can speak five foreign languages他.能说五种外语。

That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。

Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
长江是世界上最长的河流之一。

She majors in music .她主修音乐。

All my family love football . 我全家人都喜欢足球。

My sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹总是乐于助人。

〔四〕动词第三人称单数形式变化规那么
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;
如： help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。

2、以 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;
如： dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。

3、以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，把y 变为 i，再加 -es;
如： study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries 等。

4、动词 have 遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have 改为 has，
如： He has an interesting book .
5、动词 be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时， be 改为 am，遇有主语是第
二人称时， be 改为 are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时， be 改为 is
即学即练
给出以下动词的第三人称单数
talk______ forget________ hope______stop______write_______ perform_________play______say______buy______ worry______
fly______study_______like_______make______take______love_____ recite_______become________come______drive_______shine_______用所给词的正确形式填空
1.He______(be) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School.
2.He______(have) classes in the afternoon.
3.He______(get) up at half past six every morning.
4.He always _____(come) to school on time.
5.He ______(study) very hard at his lesson.
6.One and two _____(be) three.
7.Blue and yellow _____(make) green.
8.The earth _____(move) round the sun.
9.I will go there if I ____( be) free tomorrow.
10.I will go there when I _____(have) time tomorrow.
11.He won ’ t come to the party unless he _____(be) invited.
12.I ’ ll wait here until my mother ____(come) back.
13.Please return the book to the library as soon as you ______(finish) reading it.
14.Once you _____(see) him, you will never forget him
按要求完成句子
1.She has a lot of work to do this week.改(为一般疑问句 )
_____________________
2.We have a big TV set in our house.改(为否认句 )
_____________________
3.Does she have any English-Chinese dictionary?(作否认答复 )
_____________________
4.We have some nice pictures主.(语改为he)
_____________________
5.Ann has a basketball.改(一般疑问句 )
_____________________
6.Do you often play football after school? (肯定答复 )
7.Gao Shan’s sister likes tennis〔.改为否认句〕
二、一般过去时
〔一〕概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常
性的动作、行为。

〔二〕构造：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。

根本构造否认句一般疑问句
Be 动词was/ were+not was 或 were 提前，放于句首行为动词didn’t+do〔动词原形〕Did+主语 +do〔动词原形〕〔三〕句式
1、肯定句：主语 +动词过去式 +其他。

I was in Beijing yesterday .
I went to the beach yesterday .
2、否认句：主语 +wasn’t或 weren’其t+他。

主语 +didn ’t + 原V+其他。

I wasn ’t in Beijing yesterday .
I didn’t go to the beach yesterday .
3、一般疑问句： was/ were+主语 +V 原+其他？
Did + 主语 +V 原+其他？
Were you in Beijing yesterday ?
Did you go to the beach yesterday ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语 +其他？
特殊疑问词 +did+主语 +V 原+其他？
Where were you yesterday ? /Where did you go yesterday ?〔三〕用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明
确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year⋯),⋯ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of等连⋯用,in。

1980如：
At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语
连用。

When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .
3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。

He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .
〔四〕动词过去式的规那么变化
一加 ed，二加 d，三要双写，四注意， y 变成 ied，特殊形式特殊记。

规那么动词的过去式变化如下：
1.一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：
look -lookedplay -playedwork- worked
2.以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：
hope- hoped live-livedmove-moved hope -hoped
3.以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，把 -y 变为 -i 再加 -ed，如：
study-studied try-triedcry-cried worry-worried
4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：
stop -stopped beg- begged plan- planned drop-dropped
即学即练
将以下动词变为过去式
1. look
2. live
3. stop
4. carry
5. hope
6. trip
7. call
8. finish
9. want10.are
11. go12.have13.do14.get15e
16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read 用所给词的正确形式填空
1.He____(be) here a moment ago.
2.They ____(be) here just now.
3.The scientists _____(leave) for America yesterday.
st week we ______(visit ) the Science Museum.
5.When I was a child, I often ____(play) football.
6.The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell ____(ring)
根据要求改写以下句子
1、Lucy did her homework at home.〔改否认句〕
Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge〔.变一般疑问句 )
______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge?
3、She stayed there for a week〔.对划线局部提问〕
______ ______ _____ she _____ there?
4、There was some orange in the cup〔.变一般疑问句 )
_____ there _____ orange in the cup?
5、They had a meeting yesterday.改(为一般疑问句 )
theya meeting yesterday?
6、Mrs Black does some cleaning every Sunday.改(为一般疑问句 )
Mrs Black some cleaning every Sunday?
7、 My brother went to Shanghai three days ago〔.向划线局部提问〕
your brother ______ ____ three days ago?
三、一般将来时
〔一〕概念 :表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

There will be an English party next Saturday .
We will come to see you tomorrow .
〔二〕构造
1、由 will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一
起时，常常缩写为’。

ll变否认句时，只需在will 后加 not，可缩写为won’ t。

在疑问句中， will 需提前，构成 will+ 主语 +动词原形的构造。

He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。

2、shall+动词原形〔常用于主语为第一人称〕
I shall / will not be free tomorrow . 我明天没空。

3、be going to+动词原形〔打算、准备做某事〕
He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。

〔三〕用法
1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将
来的时间状语，如： tomorrow, next day〔week，month， year．．．．〕，this evening (weekend⋯), in the future , in a few minut，th e sday after tomorrow ,by．．．， soon 等连用。

I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .
I hope you won’ t be late next time .
2、当主句为一般现在时，在以 after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless 等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。

I ’ ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance.
即学即练
1.She will be back in three days.
2.They are going to clean their classroom.
用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother〔give〕her a present.
2.It is very cold these days. It ______〔snow〕soon.
3.-_____ you _____〔be〕here this Saturday?
-No. I ______〔visit 〕my teacher.
4.-______ I ______〔get〕you a copy of today's newspaper?
-Thank you.
5.I am afraid there〔be〕a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.
6.Mike〔believe, not〕this until he〔see〕it with his own eyes.
7.Most of us don't think their team ______〔win 〕.
四、过去将来时
〔一〕概念：表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。

但这个" 将来 "
时间绝不会延伸到“现在〞；而仅限于“过去时间区域内〞。

〔二〕构造
1.“would+动词原形〞。

常表示按方案或安排即将发生的事。

2.“was/ were+going to+动词原形〞。

常可用来表示按方案或安排即
将发生的事。

e， go， leave， arrive， start 等动词可用过去进展时代替过
去将来时。

即学即练
1.I told my friend that I ____( arrive) soon.
2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It____( rain)
3.They said that they ____(meet) at the gate the next day.
4.We _____( go) out when it started to rain.
5.Miss Zhang said she ____________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
6.She told him that she ________________(not stay) here for long.
五、现在进展时
〔一〕构造由Be(am／is／are)＋动词—ing构成。

〔二〕用法
1、表示说话时刻正在进展的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的
一段时间正在进展的动作。

常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the
moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days等。

Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .
2、表示一种渐进的过程。

My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .
3、与 always , all the time , forever 等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。

例如：
He is always thinking of others , not of himself .
〔表示赞许〕他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。

She is often doing well at school.
〔表示满意〕她在学校学习挺不错的。

Are you feeling better today? 〔表示亲切〕你今天觉得好一些吗？
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.
〔表示不满〕我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。

Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us 〔.表示不喜欢〕有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。

4、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进展时可表将来。

She is leaving for Beijing next weak .
My friend is coming for dinner .
〔三〕句型
1、肯定句：主语 + be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing +其他。

I am studying now .
2、否认句：主语 + be +not+动词—ing +其他。

I am not studying now .
3、一般疑问句： Be+主语 +动词—ing +其他？
Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isnt .’
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语 +动词—ing +其他？
What are you doing now ?
〔四〕动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法：
1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。

read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting
2、以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去e 再加 -ing。

live-living, write-writing ，make-making,take-taking
3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加 -ing 。

sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,
put-putting
4、少数几个以ie 结尾的动词，变ie 为 y 再加 -ing。

die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
即学即练
写出以下动词的现在分词：
play______run__________swim________make_______go________ like________write_______read________have_______sing_______ dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________ come________get________stop________sit________
begin________shop__________live______take_____
用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2.Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom .
3.My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4.What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5.Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ____________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _________(listen ) to music.
9.It's 5 o'clock now. We ___________(have)supper now
10.______Helen__________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is
六、过去进展时
〔一〕构造：由was/were+动词-ing构成。

否认形式：主语 +was/were + not +doing+其他
一般疑问句：把was 或 were 放于句首。

(第一个字母大写〕
其句式变化仍然要在be 上做文章。

〔二〕用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进展或发生的动作。

动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来说明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句等。

My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .
注意：〔1〕以 when 引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进展时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进展。

When he called me , I was having dinner .
（2〕以 while 引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进展， while 常译为“当⋯⋯的时候，同时〞。

Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .即学即练 --- 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I _____(cook) breakfast when you arrived.
2.What ____you_____( do) at this time yesterday evening?
3.We_____(have) dinner when the doorbell rang.
4.While/ When/ As we____( have) dinner, the doorbell rang.
5.They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
6. _____ they ____(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
No, they _____. They _____(clean) the classroom.
7. She _____(make) her dress the whole afternoon
8.He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon.
9.In a letter, john told us that he _____ (come) to china next month.
10. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
七、现在完成时
〔一〕含义
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但
其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说 , 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。

)
Jane has laid the table.含(义是：已可以吃饭了。

)
Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。

)
He has returned from abroad. 含(义是：现在已在此地 )
〔二〕构造
助动词 have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用 have 。

〔三〕句型
1、肯定句：主语 +have /has+动词过去分词 +其他。

I have studied English for 5 years .
2、否认句：主语 +have /has+not +动词过去分词 +其他。

We haven’t been there .
3、一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +动词过去分词 +其他？
Has he eaten that apple ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语 +动词过去分词 +其他？
〔四〕用法
1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现
在的情况 ,常与 for, since 连用。

e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如
already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：
e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven ’t seen much of himrecently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3 、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：
e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连
用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。

e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain this year.
The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影
响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加
上 for+ 一段时间，那么现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。

e.g. Thomas has studied Russian.现(在不再学俄语 )
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间
内重复发生的动作。

e.g. We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时中的时间状语：
★already 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经〞，位于行为动词之前 , be 动词、助动词之后。

有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。

例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
★y et 用于疑问句中表示“已经〞；用于否认句中，表示“还(没) 〞。

例如：
—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？
—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。

★ever 意为“曾经〞，常用于疑问句或否认句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。

例如：
Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？
Nothing has ever happened here.这里未曾发生过什么事。

★never 意为“〔曾经〕从未、没有〞,是否认副词，在句中位于助
动词和过去分词之间。

ever 与否认词 not 连用相当于 never。

例如：
I haven ’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her.
我从未跟她讲过话。

★j ust 意为“刚刚〞, 用于现在完成时 , 表示行为刚刚过去 , 位于助
动词与过去分词之间。

例如：
He has just come back from school他.刚从学校回来。

★just now 意为“刚刚〞,表示过去某时 , 用于一般过去时 , 位于句
首或句尾均可。

例如：
He came from school just now他.刚刚从学校回来。

★f or 和 since 的用法及区别。

for 与一段时间连用， since 与时间点
连用。

注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven ’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和 have/has been in的区别。

have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地 , 人还未回来have/ has been to曾经去过,人已经回来了
have/ has been in已经在,常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过XX。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在XX 10 年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去XX了吗？
但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?
非延续性动词和延续性动词
非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

但是，非延续性动词的否认形式可以表示状态的延续，可与 for/since 等时间状语连用。

延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用
在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连
用的情况。

由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：
He has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小时了。

〔×〕
His father has died for three years. 他父亲去世三年了。

〔×〕
当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：
（1〕将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。

所谓状态动词就是
指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。

如：
He has been asleep for an hour〔.fall asleep,“入睡〞为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着〞那么为状态动词，可延续。

〕
His father has been dead for three years〔.die 为短暂动词，“死〞后的状态可用“ be dead〞这种系表构造来描述，可延续。

〕
〔2〕常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：
go there—be therecome back—be backborrow—keep buy/catch—havearrive—be inbegin—be on,
open—be openclose—be closeddie—be dead
leave—be away fromget up—be up fall asleep—be asleep
become—bejoin —be in/a member of receive—have
catch/get a cold—have a cold get married—be married
come → be infinish→ be over leaver→ be away
即学即练
技巧 1:寻找现在完成时中的“段时间〞。

(1)现在完成时表示过去已经开场并持续到现在的动作或状态 ,多和表示一段时间的状语连用 :for+ 一段时间 ;since+点时间 (since 作连词后接从句时 ,该从句要用一般过去时 ) 。

(2)现在完成时态也用在含有 during / in/ over the last years或 in recent years等的句子中。

1.The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _______ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.
A.attracted
B. attracts
C. has attracted
D. will attract
2.—How long _______ you _____ here?
—For about two years so far.
A.have, studied
B. did, live
C. do, stay
D. were, swimming
3.—How is your father? I __him for a long time.
—He is fine, but busy.
A.don’t see
B. hadn ’t seen
C. didn ’t see
D. haven ’t seen
4.Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she _______ to the city.
A. came
B. comes
C. has come
D. will come
技巧 2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。

(1)在做时态题时 ,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词 :yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。

(2) 句型 :It has been + 段时间 +since + 过去时 .也可以表示为: It is +段时间 +since + 过去时 .
1.—What are you going to do this weekend?
—I _______ yet.
A. haven’t decided
B. won ’t decide
C. have decided
D. didn ’t decide
2.My mother _______ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter.
A.has cleaned
B. had cleaned
C. is cleaning
D. will clean
3. It ____ ten years since we last _____ in Beijing.
A.was, met
B. has been, met
C. was, meet
D. is, meet
4. —How long has the weather been like this?—_______.
A.Until last night
B. Ever since last night
C. Two days ago
D. Two days later
技巧 3:把握 have been to与 have gone to的区别。

1.—Is that Jack speaking?
—Sorry, he isn ’t in right now. He _______cinemathe with his aunt.
A.has been to
B. has gone to
C. have been to
D. have gone to
2.—Hello, may I speak to your father, please?
—Sorry, my father _______ to Shanghai. He went there this morning.
A. goes
B. has gone
C. has been
D. go
3.—How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year?
—Three times.
A.have, been
B. had, been
C. have, gone
D. had gone
技巧 4:分清延续性动词和非延续性动词。

延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的动词。

如:have, keep, study, live, teach 等。

非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。

如:begin, buy, borrow, lend 等。

做题时 ,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有那么用延续性动词。

1.—Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new?
—No, I _______ it since two years ago.
A.had
B. bought
C. have had
D. have bought
2. Tom _______ the CD player for two weeks.
A.has lent
B. has borrowed
C. has bought
D. has had
3.—How long has the foreigner _______ here?
—He has _______ here for several hours.
A. arrived; come
B. come; got
C. stayed; been
D. left; been away
4. The film _______ for half an hour.
A.has begun
B. has been begun
C. has been on
D. began
八、过去完成时
〔一〕过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动
作或状态，即过去的过去。

图示如下：
----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->
过去完成过去现在将来
〔二〕构成
1、肯定句：主语 +had＋过去分词
When we got there, the football match had already started.
2、否认句：主语 +had not+过去分词
He hadn ’ t worked for two years by then.
3、疑问句： had+主语 +过去分词⋯？
Had he finished the work by last month?
〔三〕用法
1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动
作或状态 ; 句中常用 by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。

By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
2、过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动
作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。

例如：
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
3、在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
4、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
5、by the time 直到“⋯⋯ 时候〞。

指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间。

By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
6、表示意向的动词, 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等, 用过去完成时表示“原本⋯，未能⋯〞。

We
had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
即学即练
1.We ____(read) 500 stories by the end of last term.
2.He said that they _____( arrive) an hour before.
3.After /When he ____( do) his job, he went to bed.
4.I waited till he ____(finish) his work.
5.When I got there, he ___(be) away for half an hour.
6.I went back to the classroom because I ____(leave) my dictionary there.
稳固提升
1.---What do you often do at weekends?
---I often _____ my grandfather.
A.visit
B.visited
C.have visited
D.will visit
2.---What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?
---I _______ the classroom.
A.was cleaning
B.have cleaned
C.will clean
D.clean
3.---When will A Bite of China 2 begin tonight?
---It ______ for ten minutes.
A.will begin
B.has begun
C.will be on
D.has been on
4.---_____ you ever _____ the new Mingyuan Stadium? ---No, I haven’t
A.Do, visit
B.Have, visited
C.Did, visit
D.Are, visiting
5.Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she
_____ back.
A.came
B. comes
C.would come
D.will come
6. Little Tom ______ computer games when his mother got home.
A.is playing
B.plays
C.was playing
7.By the end of last week, she ______ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
A.will stay
B.has stayed
C.would stay
D.had stayed
8.---Where is your father? ---He ______ the World Cup in the living room.
A.is watching
B.watches
C.watched
D.will watch
9.The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when she
________?
AesB.cameC.is comingD.was coming
10.Monica, you _______ the exam! Congratulation!
A.pass
B.have passed
C.will pass
D.are passing
11.The 2021 World Cup in Brazil makes the whole world crazy and nobody will miss it. I ______ all the matches so far.
A.watched
B.have watched
C.will watch
12.Be quiet! I ______ my homework.
A.am doing
B.have done
C.do
D.did
13.She_____ to an English program while her parents ________TV.
A.was listening, is watching
B.listened, were watching
C.was listening, watched
D.was listening, were watching
14.---Ann is in hospital.
---Oh,really? I _____ know. I _____ go and visit her.
A.didn ’ t, am going to
B.don ’ t, would
C.didn ’ t, will。