2019外研版高中英语选择性必修二Unit3 词汇情景破

Unit 3词汇情景破
知识点1. drop in/by 顺道访问；顺便进入
The bookstore which a legendary fixture in the neighbourhood，was a place anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books.（教材P26）那家书店，是街区里一个著名的固定场所，是一个任何人都可以通过他们对书的热爱而进入和联系的地方。

A bunch of us kids would frequently drop by the store after school. (教材P26）
我们一群孩子放学后经常顺道去书店。

情景导学
It’s improper to drop in on him so casually.
这样随便地去看他是不合适的。

He has dropped out of active politics.他已不再积极参政了。

She started a degree but dropped out after only a year.她在攻读学位仅一年后就退学了。

She couldn’t help dropping into an Australian accent.
她说着说着不知不觉地带上了澳大利亚口音。

归纳拓展
①drop ν.落下，使落下n.滴；水珠；下降
②___________顺路拜访某人
③___________不再参加；退学；退出；逃避社会现实
④___________顺便进入（某处）；不知不觉地进入（某种惯常状态或行为方式）链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★☆☆）
If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven ________ (drop）of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers-17 in this example.
1-2（2018课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★☆)
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers-and 2011，fertilizer use ________ (drop）by 7.7 million tons.
1-3（2017课标全国I，完形填空,★★☆）
After that，feeling the need to explore further，I decided to drop ________ on one of ASL Club’s meetings.
1-4 (★★☆)Be sure to drop in ________ me when you can spare a moment.
1-5 (★★☆)Research suggests that children whose parents split up are more likely to drop out ________ high school.
知识点2 prefer vt.较喜欢
Most young people preferred reading e-books on tablets. (教材P26）大多数年轻人更喜欢在平板电脑上阅读电子书。

情景导学
I’d prefer you to cycle，if you don’t mind.
如果你不介意的话，我更想让你骑自行车。

I would p refer reading books written by Mo Yan to watching TV series based on his novels.我喜欢看莫言写的书胜过看以他的小说为基础的电视连续剧。

He prefers to die rather than give in to the enemy.
他宁死也不屈服于敌人。

We preferred that they could communicate with each other face to face.我们希望他们彼此面对面交流。

归纳拓展
①prefer(sb.)______ ______ sth.更喜欢（某人）做某事
②prefer（doing）sth.______（doing）sth.喜欢（做）某事胜过（做）某事
③prefer to do sth._____ do sth. = would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事
④prefer that... 希望…...
⑤preference n.偏爱；爱好
a preference for... 对……的偏爱/喜爱
单句语法填空
2-1（2018江苏，阅读理解B，★★☆）Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer
customers ______ (stay）longer and spend.
2-2（2017江苏，阅读理解D, ★★☆）What’s the author’s ______ (prefer) solution to global warming？
2-3（★★☆）That is why fish prefer shallow water ______ deep water because the former is warmer.
2-4（★★☆）The behaviour ______ (prefer) of building users is similar.
2-5（★★☆）People develop a preference ______ a particular style of learning at an early age.
同义句转换
2-6（★★☆）Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.（用prefer...to...改写句子）
→
知识点3take over 接收，接管；接替；控制
The campaign had been led by Jennifer Oakley，a saleswoman who had grown up in the neighbourhood and who had now taken over the bookstore from Casey.（教材P27）
这场运动是由詹妮弗·奥克利领导的，她是一位在附近长大的女售货员，现在已经从凯西手中接管了书店。

情景导学
Would you like me to take over the driving for a while？
你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗？
If you still keep silent，I will take it for granted that you imply agreement.
如果你仍保持沉默，我就想当然地认为你是暗示同意了。

He dropped medicine and took up studying physics.
他放弃医学，开始学物理。

We’re a bit short-staffed for the summer period，so we need to take on some temporary workers.
在夏天这段时间我们人手有点短缺，所以我们需要雇用一些临时工。

You need to take full advantage of this opportunity and do something good!
你需要充分利用这次机会并做点好事！
We eventually took off at 11 o’clock and arrived in Venice at 1：30 p.m.
我们终于在11点起飞，在下午1：30到达了威尼斯
归纳拓展
①take off __________
②__________占用；开始从事；占据；继续
③take on __________
④take it for granted（that...）__________
⑤__________利用;占……的便宜；欺骗
⑥take possession of 占有
单句语法填空
3-1（2019江苏，完形填空，★★☆）Chris and Tim offered us the answer：human beings took ______ for granted that their brains held all the solutions but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
3-2（2019天津，完形填空，★★☆）Right after Erin took ______ (possess) of my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum（论坛），trying to see if anyone knew me.
3-3（2016 课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解C，★★☆）
If you are a fruit grower-or would like to become one-take advantage ______ Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.
3-4（2016江苏，30，★★☆）Many businesses started up by college students have taken ______ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
3-5（★☆☆）Peter ______ (take) up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
3-6（★★☆）We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take ______ our lives.
3-7（★★☆）They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, ______ (take）up vegetable gardening for the first time.
知识点4compete vi.竞争；对抗
Traditional bookstores can’t compete with large bookstore chains. (教材P28）传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。

情景导学
Firms from across the country may compete for the contract.来自全国各地的公司都可能为这项合同而竞争。

We ask for a level playing field when we compete with foreign companies.当我们与外国公司竞争时，我们寻求公平竞争的环境。

These college students compete against women from other colleges and some can compete in national championships if they are very good.这些大学生同其他大学的女生进行竞争，其中的一些人如果非常优秀，还可以参加全国锦标赛。

In the Asia-Pacific region，China and Japan are in cooperative partnership as well as competitive. To learn from our partner and competitor especially from Japan who keeps at learning，is very important.在亚太地区，中日两国既有合作伙伴关系，又有竞争关系。

向我们的合作伙伴和竞争对手学习，特别是向不断学习的日本学习，是非常重要的。

归纳拓展
①competition n.竞争；角逐；比赛；竞赛
________adj.竞争的；（比……）更好的；有竞争力的competitor n.（尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手；参赛者；竞赛者
②“compete +prep”的短语搭配：
compete______为……竞争
compete______与…竞争/对抗
compete in _________
单句语法填空
4-1（2019浙江，阅读理解C，★★☆）
Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete ______ big trees for resources（资源）.
4-2（2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ______ (compete）to watch，together with the story behind it.
4-3（208江苏，阅读理解C，★★☆）It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour-a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand--suddenly making it possible for the little guys ______ (compete）with large farms of California.
4-4（2016北京，阅读理解A，★★☆）I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession，without going to college，and be just as good as，if not better than，my ______ (compete).
4-5（2016江苏，书面表达，★★☆）In recent years，internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for ______ (compete) like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”.
知识点5expand upon/on 详述；充分叙述；详细阐明
Now there are more than 1，600 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate.（教材P33）
现在有1，600多种表情符号在我们交流的方式上充分展现。

情景导学
The president used today’s speech to expand on remarks he made last month.总统利用今天的演讲充分地阐述了他上个月所讲的话。

We’ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。

I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.
我把问题重复了一遍，等着她详细回答。

Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀
归纳拓展
①expand v.__________
②extend（stretch out）侧重的是二维的平面的延伸；expand可以指三维意义上的
膨胀，与contract（收缩）相对。

单句语法填空
5-1（2018江苏，阅读理解D，★★☆）As their world ______ (expand），she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity，in terms of their confidence，but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.
5-2（★★☆）Their ______（expand）business became a large corporation in 1996，with three generations of Ans working together.
5-3（★★☆）For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, ______（expand）their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships.
5-4（★★☆）I’m quite satisfied with your explanation，so there’s no need to expand ______ it.
知识点6 adaptation（= adaption）n.改编；改编本；改写本；适应
The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers（教材P33)
这些改编本的目的是让年轻读者更容易理解这些经典作品。

情景导学
Do you think the film adaptation is faithful to the book？
你认为这部改编的电影剧本忠于原著吗？
Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change.成功的企业对于经济转变的适应能力很强。

We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.我们必须不断地适应并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。

单句语法填空
6-1（2019天津，阅读理解C，★★☆）
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when ______ (adapt）human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.
6-2（2017江苏，阅读理解D，★★☆）Human beings will continue to adapt ______ the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of ______ (adapt）is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.
6-3(★★☆) It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt ______ the new environment abroad.
6-4 (★★☆) You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body ______ (adapt ) to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.
知识点7 convincing adj使人信服的；有说服力的
What supporting arguments does the author give to make the point convincing？（教材P35）为了使这一观点令人信服，作者给出了哪些支持的论据？
情景导学
He spoke so convincingly that you couldn’t help believing him.他说得如此令人信服，以至于你忍不住相信他
What you’ve said is reasonable. I’m convinced.
你说的话是有道理的，我信服了。

How can I convince you of her honesty？
我怎样才能使你相信她的诚实呢？
归纳拓展
①_______ vt.使确信：说服
convince sb. _______ sth. 使某人相信某事/某物
convince sb.to do sth.说服/劝说某人做某事
convince sb. that. 使某人确信
②_______ adj.确定的；确信的
be convinced of.../that. 坚信…...
③_______ adv.令人信服地
单句语法填空
7-1（2019北京，阅读理解C，★★☆）At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a ______ (convince)
human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
7-2（2019浙江，概要写作，★★☆)Parents ______ convinced that plenty of praise will make kids more confident，which actually has negative effect on them.
7-3（2016天津，阅读理解D，★★☆）I tried ______ (convince）myself that the trouble was with the problem itself，not with me.
7-4（★☆☆）An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough ______（convince）the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.
参考答案：
知识点1
②drop in on sb. ③drop out（of）④drop into
1-1 drops考查名词复数。

此处drop为可数名词，意为“滴”。

根据空前数词seven 可知应用名词复数。

a drop of..意为“一滴…”。

1-2 dropped考查时态。

句意：中国农业部发现，在政府启动了一项向农民推荐特定的化肥的土壤检测项目的2005年到2011年间，化肥使用量减少了770万吨。

2005后跟定语从句，其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词program。

根据2011可知应用一般过去时。

1-3 in考查固定搭配。

句意：在那之后，我觉得有必要进一步探索，于是决定参加美式手势语俱乐部的一次集会。

根据语境，此处drop in on意为“顺便拜访”。

1-4 on考查介词。

句意：当你能抽出一点时间时，一定要顺便来看看我。

drop in on sb.意为“顺路拜访某人”。

1-5 of考查介词。

句意：研究表明父母离异的孩子更有可能从中学辍学。

此处drop out of意为“退学”。

知识点2
①to do ②to ③rather than
2-1 to stay考查不定式。

句意：与快餐店不同，高级餐厅更喜欢顾客逗留更长时间并消费。

prefer sb.to do sth.意为“更喜欢某人做某事”，故本空应用不定式作宾补。

2-2 preferred考查过去分词。

句意：作者对全球变暖的首选解决方案是什么？
本空修饰名词solution，动词prefer和名词solution为逻辑上的被动关系，故本空应用过去分词作定语。

2-3 to考查介词。

句意：那就是为什么鱼更喜欢浅水而不是深水，因为前者更温暖。

prefer sth.to sth.意为“喜欢某物胜过某物”，故本空应用介词to。

2-4 preference考查名词。

句意：建筑使用者的行为偏好是相似的。

根据句子结构可知，本空应用名词preference，意为“偏爱；爱好”。

2-5 for考查介词。

句意：人们在小的时候就对一种特定的学习方式产生偏好。

a preference for意为“对……的偏爱”，故本空应用介词for。

2-6 Samuel preferred being a lawyer to being a musician.
知识点3
①成功；起飞；脱下；急忙离开；突然大受欢迎②take up ③呈现；具有；承担；接纳；聘用④认为……是理所当然的⑤take advantage of
3-1 it考查代词。

句意：克里斯和蒂姆给了我们答案：人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑掌握了所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心脏可以成为更好的向导。

此处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that引导的从句。

take it for granted（that...）意为“认为……理所当然”。

3-2 possession考查名词。

句意：就在埃琳在公共汽车上拿到我的钱包后，她把我的驾照照片发布到了一个在线论坛上，试图看看是否有人认识我。

take possession of意为“占有”。

根据语境可知此处为“捡到”的含义。

3-3of考查介词。

句意：如果你是一个水果种植者，或者想成为一个水果种植者，那就利用苹果日看看有什么（商机）。

它被称为苹果日，但实际上更像是苹果月。

此处take advantage of意为“利用”。

3-4 of考查固定短语。

句意：多亏适宜创业的氛围，很多大学生创办的公司都已经取得成功了。

句中take off意为“成功”。

3-5 will take 考查时态。

句意：彼得将会在下个月末就职成为该旅行社的主管。

根据at the end of next month可知应用一般将来时。

3-6 over考查固定短语。

句意：我们不应该因我们的缺点而责备科技。

科技是来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它来接管我们的生活。

此处take over意为“接管”。

3-7have taken考查时态。

根据前文和for the first ime可知应用现在完成时。

who指代Americans，为复数，故为have taken，take up意为“从事”。

知识点4
①competitive ②for；against/with；参加
4-1 with/against考查介词。

句意：声势浩大的对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林长满了小树，它们和大树竞争资源。

compete with/against意为“与……竞争”。

4-2 competition考查词性转换。

根据空格前的形容词interesting可知此处填名词形式，故填competition。

4-3to compete考查非谓语动词。

此处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语，形式宾语为第二个it。

此处为make it possible for sb.to do sth.的结构。

compete with意为“与……竞争”。

4-4 competitors考查词性转换。

句意：我想证明，我可以在不上大学的情况下自学一门令人尊敬的专业，即使不比我的竞争对手强，也能做得和他们一样好。

根据空前my可知此处应用名词，根据常识可知竞争对手应用复数。

competitor意为“对手”。

4-5 competitions考查词性转换。

句意：近年来，网络投票在中国越来越流行。

人们不仅自己在线投票，还敦促其他人投票给像“最美的教师”和“最可爱的宝贝”这样的竞赛。

根据设空处前的介词for和设空处后的like the“Most beautiful Teacher”and the “Cutest Baby”可知应填名词competition的复数形式，意为“竞赛，比赛”。

知识点5
①扩大，增加；扩展，发展（业务）；细谈，详述
5-1 expanded考查动词的时态。

句意：她说，随着他们的世界不断扩大，孩子们以一种“极大地损害他们的自我认同、自信以及自我发展能力方面”的方式把自己与网上的其他人进行比较。

根据设空处后的she said可知此处应用一般过去时。

5-2 expanding 考查非谓语动词。

此处表示“他们不断扩大的业务”，此处为单个现在分词作前置定语，expanding在这里表示“不断扩大的”，符合语境。

5-3 to expand考查非谓语动词。

句意：例如，人们自愿表达与无私有关的个人价值观，扩大他们的经历范围，并加强社会关系。

设空处与to express...和tostrengthen...为并列关系，故应填to expand。

5-4 on/upon考查介词。

句意：我对你的解释十分满意，因此不需要详细阐述了。

expand on/upon意为“详述”。

知识点6
①adaptable ②adapt：to
6-1 to adapt考查非谓语动词。

此处为“疑问词when +不定式”结构作tell的宾语。

adapt在此处意为“调整”。

6-2 to；adaptation/adaption 句意：人类将继续以普通而惊人的方式适应不断变化的气候，但最明智的适应方式无疑是调整我们的能源系统以减少碳污染的排放。

第一空考查介词。

adapt to意为“适应"；第二空考查词性转换。

根据空前介词of可知需用名词形式。

6-3 to考查介词。

句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。

此句为强调句型。

adapt to意为“适应”。

6-4 adapting考查非谓语动词。

句意：当你开始有规律地锻炼时，你可能会经历轻微的不适，但这是你的身体在适应你的生活方式中的积极变化，疼痛应该会相对迅速地消失。

adapt与逻辑主语your body之间是主动关系故填adapting。

知识点7
①convince; of ②convinced ③convincing
7-1 convincing考查形容词。

此处表示，这种新的语音技术能够产生如此令人信服的人声，根据空后名词可知此处需用形容词。

convincing意为“令人信服的”。

7-2 are考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：家长们坚信，大量的表扬会让孩子们更加自信，这实际上会对他们产生负面影响。

此处为be convinced that...的结构。

根据后文时态可知应用一般现在时。

主语为Parents，故填are。

7-3 to convince考查非谓语动词。

句意：我尽力说服自己，麻烦出在问题本身，而不在我。

此处try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”，故此处应填to convince。

7-4 convinced 考查动词时态convince...that...，使……确信……，由从句中的时态可知此处应用一般过去时，故填convinced。