高考英语二轮复习总结-第4讲-代词+练习(附解析).docx

第4讲代词
代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。

在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以及it的用法、代词的辨析、代词与否定词构成的否定与部分否定等。

（连接代词、关系代词的考查见并列句和复合句部分）
【典型例题】
1 .(2018 - H^III)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find(they) alive. 解析分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。

they的宾格为them。

答案them
2.(改错)(2018•全国卷II)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
解析根据行文逻辑可知，此处指“我”的事情，故用对应的宾格代词me作介词to的宾语。

us—me
3.(改错)(2017•全国卷III)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 解析根据行文逻辑可知，此处是以作者的口吻写的“我的高中时光”，故应把your改为my。

考点二：常考代词的用法
[例句1]There are many trees on either side (=both sides) of the street. 街道的两边有很多树。

[例句2]Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。

[例句3]None of the money is mine,钱都不是我的。

[例句4] All of the food is gone. 食物全没了。

[例句1]-How much money do you have?-你有多少钱？
-None.-一点也没有。

[例句2]I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment.
我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。

(no one=not anyone)
[例句3]-What are you doing?-你在做什么？
-Nothing.-什么也没做。

【典型例题】用none, nobody/no one, nothing
(1)Nobody/No one can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
(2)Swimming is my favorite sport. There is nothing like swimming as a mean of keeping fit.
(3)-Wow! You've got so many clothes.
-But none of them are in fashion now.
(4) I couldn't just stand by and do nothing.
(1)We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have another one this month.
(2)He raised one arm and then the other.
这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐稍晚的一趟。

[例句2]His own experience was different from that of his friends.
他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。

[例句3]I love spring一it is a wonderful time of the year.
我喜欢春天——那是一年中一段美妙的时节。

[依！I句4]The books on the desk are better than those /the ones under the desk.
桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。

【典型例题】
1.（2019•天津卷）A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than
who are not.
解析句意：研究表明参加课外活动的学生比那些不参加的学生更快乐。

此处用those替代复数名词the students。

答案those
2.（2018•全国卷I ）Running is cheap, easy and... If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
解析此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running,也可以用it指代。

give sth, a try“尝试一
每个，所有
everyone / everybody
[例句1]I have something to tell you.我有事要告诉你。

[例句2]Is anyone there? 有人吗？
[例句3]We can't decide anything now.现在我们不能决定任何事情。

[例句4]Luckily nobody was hurt in that accident.很幸运，没有人在那个事故中受伤。

【特另U注意1 something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone, no one 等不定代词有修饰语修饰时，修饰语后置。

[例句1]There is something wrong with my car. 我的车有些问题。

6.代词的全部否定和部分否定
(1)none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any 以及no+名词均表示全部否定。

[例句1]Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是老师。

(2)当not出现在含有表示肯定的不定代词all, both,由every构成的复合不定代词以及“every+名词” 的句子中，不管not在其前还是其后均表示部分否定，意为“并非......气
[例句2]Both of us are not teachers.=Not both of us are teachers. 我们俩并非都是老师。

考点三：it的用法
1.指代上文提到的某样东西
[例句1]-Where is my dictionary? ■我的字典在哪儿？
-I left it right on the desk.-我就把它放在桌子上了。

2.用以代替指示代词this, that
[例句1]-Whafs this? .这是什么？
-It's a flag.-是一面旗帜。

[例句2]-Whose exercise book is that?-那是谁的练习本？
-It's hers.-是她的。

3.指不知性别的婴儿（baby）或身份不明确的人（由于某种原因而不知对方是谁）
[例句l]The baby cried because it was hungry.
婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。

[例句2]-Who is knocking at the door?-谁在敲门？
-It's me. ■是我。

4.指时间、天气、距离、价值、气候或温度等
[例句l]It is nine o'clock sharp now. 现在是9 点整。

[例句2]It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。

[例句3]It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长一段路。

5 .作形式主语或形式宾语
it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句在句首作形式主语或于宾补前作形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。

[例句l]It's not easy to learn a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，代替不定式短语）
学习一门外语不容易。

[例句2]It's impossible for him to get there in time.（it 作形式主语，代替不定式短语）
他不可能及时赶到那里。

[例句3]It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.（it 作形式主语，代替动名词短语）独居不和外人来往是没有好处的。

[例句4]I find it easy to get on with Jim.（it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语）
我发现同吉姆相处很容易。

[例句5]I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.（it 作形式宾语，代替名词性从句）
我已经讲得很清楚，任何人都不允许在这儿吸烟。

【典型例题】
（1）（2018•浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
务牟析句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out, 其中不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it是形式主语。

故填it。

答案it
（2） 1 think it （is） necessary that we have the meeting. 我认为我们开这个会是必要的。

（3）It is well known that China has the largest population in the world.众所周知，在世界上中国人口最多。

(4)It is said all of them have gone to the cinema. 据说他们都去看电影了。

6.强调句型
强调句型的陈述句形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。

被强调部分为“人”时，可用who
/that,被强调部分是"事物”时，用that。

It was I that /who told him about it.
是我告诉他这件事的。

【典型例题】
(1)It was only after he had read the papers that Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
(2)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
7.it构成的几个易混句型
(1)It+be+时间段+ since引导的状语从句
这个句型表示“自……以来已多久了”。

表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。

[例句l]It is three years since his father passed away.
自从他父亲去世(到现在)已经三年了。

[例句2]It was 10 years since they had married.
自从他们结婚(到现在)已经十年了。

(2)It+be+时间段+before引导的状语从句
这个句型中的"时间段”一般为some time /long /years /months /weeks /days /hours /minutes 等。

主句中的be 可用一般过去时was或一般将来时will be：用was时，before从句用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。

[例句l]It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了一段时间我才了解到真相。

[伊！J 句2] It wasn't long before he told us about this affair.
没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。

[伊！J句3]It will be many years before the situation improves.
这种状况要许多年后才会改善。

(3)It+be+时间点+when引导的状语从句
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。

主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但若主句是将来时，从句通常用一般现在时代替将来时。

[伊!)句
l]It was already 8 o*clock when we got home.
我们到家时已经8点了。

[依！I句2]It will be next morning when we finish our work.
我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。

(4)It+be+time+(that)从句
这个句型中，从句需用虚拟语气，该句型表示“该做......的时候了”，常构成句式：It is time (that) sb. did sth., It is time (that) sb. should do sth., time 之前有时可加上high,以加强语气。

[例句l]It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
她是时候给她男朋友写一封信了。

N列句2]It is time (that) we should start work.
我们该开始工作了。

(5)It+be+the first /second /third.. .time+(that) A句。

这个句型表示“这/那是某人第几次做某事气主句中be是is时，从句要用现在完成时；主句中be是was 时，则从句需相应地用过去完成时。

N列句l]It is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。

[例I 句2]It was the fifth time (that) he had paid a friendly visit to Africa.
这是他第五次到非洲进行友好访问。

【专题训练】
I .单句语法填空
1.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockarie's story about how first aid saved(he) life.
解析句意：这是关于急救如何挽救了18岁的穆萨•博卡里的生命的故事。

设空处需用形容词性物主代词作名词life的定语。

答案his
2.is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
解析句意：对于学生来说，他们人在教室但心却不在的现象很普遍，因为他们在玩手机。

It is+adj. + for sb.+todo sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是的”。

其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填It。

答案It
3.I learned to set(I) a schedule of getting groceries, cleaning my room and doing my laundry on Sundays.
解析set这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式。

set myself a schedule为自己设置了一个时间表。

答案myself
4.Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with(he).
解析作介词的宾语应用人称代词的宾格形式，故填himo答案him
5.The violin is(you), Mr Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.
解析此处需用you的名词性物主代词，代指your violin,故填yours□答案yours
6.Niki is always full of ideas, but is useful to my knowledge.
解析句意为：尼基总是充满了想法，但据我所知没有一个有用。

根据句意和转折连词but可知，此处表示尼基的想法一个也没用。

代词none表示特指，相当于“no +上文提到的名词”，可以和of 连用，该空后省略了of her ideaso答案none
7.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful
suggestions.
解析句意：基于这项调查，研究小组给出两份报告，不过这两份报告均没有任何有用的建议。

根据题干中two reports以及连词but可知这里指的是对两者完全否定，故填neither,意为“两者都不”。

8.It was time for dinner and was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting
stronger.
解析分析该句结构可知，句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空格处是形式主语，故用it。

9.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in, knives and forks.
解析句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另一些国家，人们用刀子和叉子。

some...others... 是固定用法，意为“一些......另一些......"，故填。

therso答案others
10.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
解析make it clear （to sb.） that...为“动词+宾语+宾补”结构，本题中真正的宾语是后面的that从句，故用it作make的形式宾语。

句意：苏珊向我声明她希望开启她自己的新人生。

答案it II .单句改错（每小题仅有1处错误）
1.I hope you will pardon me and enjoy yourself with other his friends.
解析和其他朋友玩得开心，"其他朋友”应译为other friends。

故去掉his。

答案去掉his
2.When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge（麦片辟弓）and expressed us appreciation for their hard work, they looked a little surprised at first.
解析结合句意可知，此处表示"我们向他们表达我们对他们的辛勤劳动的感激”，故appreciation前应用形容词性物主代词，表示“我们的”，故将us改为our。

答案us一our
3.Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now I'd like to tell you anything about the smog.
解析句意：我很乐意告诉你一些关于雾霾的事情。

something 一些事情，一般用在肯定句中。

答案anything—something
4.Dad lost his job, and as mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.^,
解析此处表示“他很幸运能找到另一份工作”，故应把other改为another。

答案other一another
5.Our parents check our bags to make it sure we're not getting into trouble.
解析句意：我们的父母检查我们的包以确保我们不会遇到麻烦。

make sure“确保；确定”，为固定短语，不必在make和sure之间加it。

答案去掉it
6.Finally, we put the figurines（面人）we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. 解析句意：最后我们把自己做的面人放在桌上，并且与老工匠师傅合影。

“we made”前省略了引导定语从句的关系词which或that,在从句中充当made的宾语，故them多余。

答案去掉them
7.I told him that his newly bought dictionary was quite different from me.
解析此处表示“他新买的词典与我的词典很不相同”，故应用名词性物主代词mine代指my dictionary o答案me—mine
8.However, my parents didn't seem to think such.
解析此处think为动词，其后应用副词so,意为“（指刚说过的事物）这样认为，认为如此气类似用法还有
I hope so, if so等。

such为代词或限定词，故将such改为so。

答案such一so
9.Yesterday, one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still I couldn't find them.
解析根据上文可知find后面的代词指代“我”最喜欢的邮票之一，是一张邮票，故将them改为it。

10.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 解析此处应用it指代a beautiful park,故把them改为it。

答案them一it III.语法填空
“Without the ball, I'm half complete of 1 ⑴Luis Figo, one of the world's greatest football players once said.
Luis Figo played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.
He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing 2 hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for 3 in Lisbon. t4Figo, Figo, '' they 4 shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.
The Real Madrid player, 5 was 31, wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win another Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000, and he showed everyone what a great player 6 was by winning FIFA's world footballer of the year award in 2001.
"Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,9, said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001. “Figo 7 is a real leader who always tries 8 best on the field and to be a good team player. He doesn't have any problems working together with his teammate at Real Madrid, star footballer David Beckham." In fact, Figo was the first 9 to welcome Beckham when he arrived. 6t We have a strong team, and we can help one 10 and work together
to be successful,Figo said.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.8. 9. 10.
答案与解析【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，介绍了足球明星路易斯•菲戈从事足球竞技的历程。

1.myself主语是T,故设空处为I的反身代词myself。

2.his根据上下文及设空处后的match可知设空处应用形容词性物主代词his。

3.him 介词后应该用代词的宾格，此处用him来指代Luis Figo。

4.all设空处表示三者以上都，故用all。

5.who设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为The Real Madrid player,故填who»
6.he he在此处指代LuisFigo。

7.himself 此处指Figo 本人，故用himselfo
8.his try one's best意为“尽某人最大的努力"，故此处填his。

9.one 此处用one 代替footballer o
10.another one another为相互代词，意为“相互"。

IV.短文改错
I have a 5~year—old sister. Sometimes she fights against myself for candies. When Mom makes me to give my share to her, I always feel unwillingly. Last week, I caught serious cold and had to follow the doctor's advices to take medicine. Before I came home from school, I noticed her leaving candies beside my medicine. I go up to her and asked, “Hey, what are you doing ? 9, In a smile, she said to me, "Candies make me happy but I put them here to make you happy today.,, That was the greatest thing which I'd ever experienced.
答案与解析
I have a 5—year—old sister. Sometimes she fights against myself for candies. When Mom makes me
①me
2 * give my share to her, I always feel unwillingly. Last week, I caught A serious cold and had to ③ unwilling④ a follow the doctor's advices to take medicine. Before I came home from school, I noticed her leaving
⑤advice ⑥When /As
candies beside my medicine. I go up to her and asked, "Hey, what are you doing? 9, In a smile,
⑦ went ⑧ With
she said to me, “Candies make me happy but I put them here to make you happy today.^, That was the
⑨ so /and
which / whi*4i
greatest thing ⑩侦I'd ever experienced.
①考查代词。

此处指妹妹和“我”争糖吃，故用代词me。

②考查非谓语动词。

make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，宾补应用不带to的不定式，故去掉to。

③考查形容词。

在句中作系动词feel的表语，应用形容词。

④考查固定短语。

catch a cold"感冒”。

⑤考查名词的单复数。

advice是不可数名词，无复数形式，其前也不加不定冠词。

⑥考查状语从句。

根据句意“当我从学校回到家中，我注意到她正在把糖放在我的药边。

”可知，此处表“当......时候”，应用连词When /As引导时间状语从句。

⑦考查动词的时态。

此处叙述的是上周的经历，谓语用一般过去时，且与and后的谓语asked时态一致，故go改为wento
⑧考查介词。

此处指“带着微笑”，应用介词With。

⑨考查连词。

“糖使我开心”和“我把糖放在这里使你开心”是因果或顺承关系，而非转折，故用so /ando
⑩考查定语从句。

定语从句先行词thing由最高级修饰，应用关系代词that引导定语从句。

关系词在从句中作experienced的宾语，也可省略，故去掉which也可。