高考英语一轮复习 考点 非谓语动词(二)考点归纳高三全册英语试题
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入舵市安恙阳光实验学校考点15 非谓语动词(二)高考频度:★★★★★
考向四非谓语动词作定语
1)不定式作定语
1.不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
2.不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的
主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)
He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系)
He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)
He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)
2)V-ing形式作定语1. 单独作定语,常放在被修饰的名词之前。
touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water Barking dogs seldom bite. 乱叫的狗不咬人。
但某些V-ing(如concerned关切的/有关的,used旧的/用过的,given特定的/给予的,involved复杂的/涉及的)置于名词前后其意义不同。
☛a concerned look/the students concerned/
☛a used car/the textbook used.
2. V-ing作定语,分词应放在被修饰的名词之后;表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示经常性的动作或现在的状态时,变为从句时要用一般时态;同被修辞的词(先行词)有逻辑上的主谓关系,在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。
☛Who is the man standing (= who is standing) by the door?
站在门边的人是谁。
☛They built a highway leading (= that/which leads) into the mountains.
一条通往山里的高速路。
3.V-ing作定语时,分词应放在被修饰的名词之后;表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定;同被修辞的词(先行词)有逻辑上的动宾关系,在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
☛The meeting held(=that/which was held) last week is very important. 上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。
4. 其他应注意:
①若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行,可用被动语态的进行时态(现在分词的被动语态)表示。
☛We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必
须保守正在讨论的事情。
②若表示的是一个未来的动作,可用不定式的被动语态表示。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.
请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。
③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语(相当于非限制性定语从句),此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开,试比较:
☛All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.
居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。
④ V-ing短语作定语时,表示的动作不能先于谓语动作,也不可表示将来;一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语,故下列句子是错的:
☛Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (应改为who has come from Beijing)他是来自北京的李先生。
☛Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)
已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。
⑤系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语,此时要用从句来表示。
☛Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.)
正在忙的人不必离开。
⑥不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语,若要表示这个意思要用从句。
☛The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (应改为which/that died)
前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。
3) V-ed形式作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。
过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。
1.前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语,表示"被动和完成"含义,或只具有"被动"含义;由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语,只表"完成"含义。
(1)被动和完成含义:
☞We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
(2)被动含义:
☞She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
(3)完成含义:
☞They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在所修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个
定语从句。
☞This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
☞Who were the socalled guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
☞Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究社的书。
1.((202 0·新课标I卷短文改错))I like eating frying tomatoe s with eggs, and I
thought it must to be easy to cook.【答案】
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。
动词fry与tomatoes 之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
2.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。
分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。
故填marked。
考向五非谓语动词作主语和表语
1)不定式作主语
谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
It took us two hours to finish the job.
2)v-ing作主语
1. 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
3. 作主语动名词与不定式的区别:
①动名词作主语表示抽象的动作,不与特定的动作执行者有关;不定式作主语表示具体的动作或行为,与特定的动作执行者有关。
☛He realized that to go on like this was no use.(具体)
他意识到像这样继续没用。
☛It’s no use crying over split milk.(抽象)
因抛洒的牛奶哭泣没用。
3). 作表语
(1)V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容。
☛Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。
(2)V-ing与不定式作表语的区别:
V-ing作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯;不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。
☛My favourite sport is swimming.
☞Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
3.下列句型中常用动名词作主语:
☞It’s no use complaining wit hout taking action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
(2018·北京卷·单项填空) _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。
句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。
题组一基础过关
1.Sherry used a piece of bread _______________ (tempt) the rat into her trap.
2.________ (accommodate) the growing number of patients, the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.
3.More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced __________ (raise) people's concern over food safety.
4.George Gould visited the tomb, only ___________ (catch) a high fever the next day.
5.In fact, women are less likely __________ (have) high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
6.The main road ______________ (build) next week is beneficial to our life.
7.This is the only way he thought of _________ (solve) the challenging task.
8.I couldn't afford ________(buy)these books, so I borrowed them from the library.
9.We think it no good ________(talk) about the topic any more.
10.Tom's ________ (punish) by the teacher made him feel lucky.
11.Children _________ (expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those tasks.
12.Little Tom admitted __________(cheat) in the examination.
13.Generally speaking, I can't stand __________(sit) and doing nothing .
14.He became addicted to ________(take) drugs when he was young.
15.Every time you feel like __________(smoke) a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
16.With living standards improving, we should now also attach importance to ________ (have) a balanced diet.
17.In Thailand and other parts of South-East Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with the hands __________ (press) together.
18.When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely_______ (absorb) in a magazine.
19.The Internet keeps us _______________ (inform) of what is going on in the world.
20.____________(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
题组二能力提升
非谓语动词专项综合训练(本题共10小题,每题1.5分,共15分)There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one __1_______(love) her.
One day, _2_________(feel) very sad and lonely, she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly
___3_________(catch) in a bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of ____4________(fly) away , the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.
“In return for your wonderful kindness,” the good fairy said to the girl, “I will give you any wish that you would like __5______( get ).” The little girl thought for a moment and then replied, “I want to be happy.”
Leaning toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.
With the little girl __6_______(grow) up, there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves
____7_______(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smile and answer, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”
When she was dying,the neighbors all gathered around her,
___8_______(fear) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die
with her.So they begged her ____9______(tell) them what the good fairy said.The lovely old woman simply smiled, ____10______(say), “She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”
题组三体验真题
1.((2020·新课标I卷短文改错))I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
4. 【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was ___a__ joke.
5.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
the future.
A. Learn
B. Learned
C. Learning
D. Having learned
7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
8.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
题组一基础过关
1.【答案】to tempt
【解析】考查固定句型。
句意:雪莉用一片面包引诱老鼠进入她的陷阱。
use...to do sth.用......做某事,为固定句型,故填to tempt.
2.【答案】To accommodate
【解析】句意:为了容纳越来越多的病人,这家诊所不得不把服务时间从每周5天延长到7天。
此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故填To accommodate.
3.【答案】to raise
【解析】考查不定式。
句意:政府官员表示将会制作更多的电视节目,来提高人们对食品安全问题的关注。
分析句意可知,此处需要用动词不定式表示目的。
故填to raise.
4.【答案】to catch
【解析】句意:George Gould参观了墓地,结果第二天就发高烧了。
根据句意,这里是(only)to do 表示结果状语从句,位于主语后面。
故填to catch .
5.【答案】to have
【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。
句意:事实上,女性患高血压或死于心
脏病的可能性更小。
be likely to do sth.“可能会做某事”,固定短语,故填to have.
6.【答案】to be built
【解析】考查不定式的被动式。
句意:下周将要被建的这条主路有益于我们的生活。
根据句中的时间状语next week确定,本空用不定式表示将要发生的动作,build与road之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故本空用不定式的被动式to be built,故填to be built.
7.【答案】to solve
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。
分析句子结构可知,he thought of是定语从句,修饰名词way,________ (solve) the challenging task是目的状语,应用动词不定式,故填to solve.
8.【答案】to buy
【解析】句意:我买不起这些书,所以我从图书馆借了。
afford to do支付得起,买得起,为固定搭配,故填 to buy.
【答案】talking
【解析】考9.查非谓语动词。
句意:我们认为再谈论这个话题没有好处。
根据句子结构,本题中it作形式宾语,动词talk引导的部分作句子真正的宾语,因此应用动名词形式talking.故填talking.
10.【答案】not being punished/not having been punished
【解析】考查动名词。
根据句子分析可知,本空是句子的主语,要用动词的动名词形式,动词punish和它的逻辑主语Tom是动宾关系,要使用动名词的被动形式,要是考虑已经被处罚过了,也可以使用动名词的完成被动式,结合句意“使他感到幸运”的应该是“汤姆没有被处罚”,动名词要使用否定形式,not 置于动名词最前面,故填not being punished/not having been punished. 11.【答案】exposed
【解析】考查过去分词。
句意:接触不同困难处境的孩子更善于处理那些任务。
由题干可知,这里的动词 expose作后置定语修饰前面的名词Children,两者之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词作后置定语修饰名词Children。
故填exposed.
12.【答案】cheating/having cheated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:小汤姆承认考试了。
动词admit表示“承认”,后面接动名词作宾语,故本空可填cheating;根据句意,cheat这一动作发生在谓语动词admitted的动作之前,所以本空也可用-ing的完成式。
故填cheating/having cheated.
13.【答案】sitting
【解析】考查动名词。
句意:一般情况下,我不能忍受坐着,什么也不做。
can't stand doing sth.无法忍受做某事,固定搭配。
故填sitting.
14.【答案】taking
【解析】考查动名词。
句意:当他年轻的时候,他吸毒成瘾。
become addicted to是固定搭配,意思是成瘾,沉溺于,to是介词,后面加动名词做宾语,故填taking.
15.【答案】smoking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:每当你想抽烟的时候,提醒自己你是一个不抽烟的人。
feel like doing sth.想要做某事,固定短语。
smoke抽烟,动词
原形;smoking动名词。
故填smoking.
16.【答案】having
【解析】考查动名词。
此处to是介词,所以空处动词需用动名词作宾语,attach importance to doing sth.对做某事重视。
故填having.
17.【答案】pressed
【解析】考查with复合结构。
句意:在泰国和东南亚其他地区,通常的问候是双手合十的轻微鞠躬。
with复合结构:with+名词+分词,hands和press之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动,故填pressed.
18.【答案】absorbed
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。
be absorbed in全神贯注于,专心致志于,固定短语,空处逻辑主语是my father,过去分词作状语。
absorb动词,过去分词形式absorbed.故填absorbed.
19.【答案】informed
【解析】考查过去分词。
句意:互联网让我们知道世界上正发生什么事。
keep sb. +过去分词,使某人被……,结合题意可知是informed,使某人被告知。
故填informed.
20.【答案】Founded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:建立于20世纪初期,这所学校不断激发孩子们对艺术的热爱。
根据句意及句子结构,the school与found之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应使用过去分词作状语。
found建立,动词原形;founded过去分词。
置于句首需大写单词首字母。
故填Founded.
题组二能力提升1.【答案】to love
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:有一个很棒的故事,关于一个年轻的女孩,她没有家人,也没有人爱她。
动词不定式作定语,放在先行词no one 后,此时先行词no one 与不定式to love 逻辑上是主谓关系。
故填to love.
2.【答案】feeling
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:有一天,由于感觉很伤心很孤独,她穿过一片草原。
在此句中was walking是谓语,feel very sad and lonely 就是非谓语部分,she 和feel是逻辑上的主谓关系,应该用现在分词。
故填feeling.
3.【答案】caught
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:她在穿过一片草地的时候,她注意到一只小蝴蝶被困在在灌木丛中。
固定短语notice sth done ,a butterfly 与catch在逻辑上是动宾关系,用过去分词作宾补。
故填caught.
4.【答案】flying
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:小蝴蝶不是飞走了,而是变成了一个美丽的仙女。
介词后面用动名词形式。
故填flying.
5.【答案】to get
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:我会给你任何你想得到的愿望。
固定搭配would like to do sth想要做某事。
故填to get.
6.【答案】growing
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词和with短语的复合结构。
句意:随着小女孩长大,这片土地上没有人比她更快乐。
本题后面是一个with的复合结构,宾语是the
little girl,其与grow之间是主谓关系,所以空处需用现在分词growing作宾补。
故填growing.
7.【答案】told
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:每个人都想让她告诉自己幸福的秘密。
空格处在句子中做宾语补足语,tell和themselves是被动关系,用过去分词表示被动,故填told.
8.【答案】fearing
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:当她快死的时候,邻居们都围在她身边,害怕她难以置信的幸福秘密会和她一起死去。
主语neighbors与fear 是逻辑的主谓关系,用现在分词形式作状语。
故填fearing.
9.【答案】to tell
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:所以他们求她告诉他们好仙女说了什么。
固定搭配短语beg sb to do sth乞求某人做某事。
故填to tell.
10【答案】saying
【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意:这位可爱的老妇人只是笑了笑,同时说,“她告诉我,每个人,无论多大或多小,多么富有或贫穷,都需要我。
”现在分词表示和谓语同时发生的动作,作伴随状语。
故填saying.
题组三体验真题
1.【答案】 frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。
动词fry与tomatoes 之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
2.【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。
句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。
名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。
故填coming。
3.【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。
此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填to retire。
4.【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
5.【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。
分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。
故填marked。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。
句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。
句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。
此处用动名词做主语,故选C。
7.【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。
句意:我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。
该句中考查了固定用法:It takes time to do sth.:花时间做某事,该句式中it
作形式主语,time做宾语,使用不定式作真正的主语。
而句中只是在对宾语时
间,用how long 对其进行提问,不影响不定式的使用,故答案为to get。
8.【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。
句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。