2021版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分模块考点复习Unit21HumanBiology课时规范训练北师

2021版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分模块考点复习Unit21HumanBiology课时规范训练北师大版选修
720210706228
Part 1 阅读完形组合准度练(建议用时40′)
Ⅰ.阅读明白得(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
A
(2021·江西九校联考)Sleeping in a room with too much light
has been linked to an increased risk of piling on the pounds，
a study shows.A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in
London found women had larger waistlines if their bedroom was
“light enough to see across” at night.However， they caution there is not enough evidence to advise people to buy thicker curtains or turn off lights.
The women were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at night as：Light enough to read.Light enough to see across the room，but not read.Light enough to see your hand in front of you，but not across the room.Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.
Prof.Anthony Swerdlow told the BBC：“In this very large group of people there is an association between reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity.But there is not sufficient evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight.There might be other explanations for the association，but the findings are intriguing enough to guarantee further scientific investigation.”
The light is disrupting the body clock，which stems from our evolutionary past when we were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night.Light alters mood，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24­hour cycle.Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock by delaying the production of the sleep hormone melatonin.
Prof.Derk­Jan Dijk said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.He told the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom.I think people should assess their bedroom and see how easy it would
b e to make it darker.” Street lights，some alarm clocks and standby lights on electrical equipment such as televisions could light a room，he said.“Overall this study points to the importance of darkness，” he concluded.
1．The passage mainly tells us ．
A．bright bedrooms link to obesity
B．dark bedrooms link to obesity
C．people should turn off lights
D．people should buy thicker curtains
2．What does the underlined word “disrupt” (Paragraph 4) mean?
A．Stop. B．Disturb.
C．Improve. D．Recover.
3．What might Paragraph 4 be used for?
A．One possible explanation on disrupting body clock.
B．One possible explanation on disrupting mood.
C．One possible explanation on disrupting physical strength.
D．One possible explanation on artificial light.
4．What's Prof.Derk­Jan Dijk's attitude towards the dark room?
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Favorable.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

文章要紧介绍了卧房里的亮度对人们健康的阻碍：过于强烈的光线会阻碍人体的生物钟，阻碍人的情绪，还有可能使人肥胖。

1．解析：选A。

主旨大意题。

第一段第一句点明了文章的主题，即有研究说明，在光线太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加。

故选A项。

2．解析：选B。

词义推测题。

依照第四段第一句中的“The light is disrupting the body clock”和第二句可知，本段要紧讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟，会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体处理食物的方式，由此可推知画线单词意为“干扰”，与B项disturb意义接近。

故选B项。

3．解析：选A。

篇章结构题。

依照第四段第一句中的“The light is disrupting the body clock ...”及最后一句中的“Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock”可知，本段要紧说明了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能缘故。

故选A项。

4．解析：选D。

观点态度题。

依照最后一段第一句中“there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker”及最后一句能够看出，Derk­Jan Dijk教授赞成将卧房的亮度调暗。

故选D项。

B
What you see is what you eat，according to the latest study to confirm that TV viewing encourages children to eat more junk food.Leah Lipsky and Ronal Iannotti，scientists at the EKSN Institute of Child Health and Human Development，report that for every hour of television children watch，they are 8% less likely to eat fruit every day，18% more likely to eat candy，and 16% more likely to eat fast food.Those results prove the previous studies that have linked TV viewing with unhealthy eating habits among children.
The reasons for the association aren't surprising: youngsters watching TV are exposed to more advertising for unhealthy foods，such as for fast food or sodas，than commercials for fresh fruits and vegetables.Kids who watch a lot of TV are also less likely to be active，and studies show they're more likely to prefer eating foods high in sugar，salt and fat even when they aren't watching TV.
But Lipsky and Iannotti also found that some kids who snacked in front of the TV increased the amount of fruit they ate.It all depended on what was available and within reach.Lipsky says，“It suggests that if you have other options available，and don't have the unhealthy options available，then children might be encouraged to possibly eat more fruit.”
TV watching can establish a deeper pattern of poor eating habits that can set children up not only for future obesity，but also for many of the chronic diseases associated with overweight.When children spend more time in front of the screen，they are also less likely to be exercising or engaging in physical activity that can burn off calories and keep the heart healthy.
Lipsky recommend that parents first limit the amount of time children spend in front of a TV or a computer.If eating in front of the TV is mindless，then at least snacking on healthy foods such as fruits and nuts can help offset (抵消) some of the bad behaviors TV promotes.
5．The latest study further proves that ．
A．TV viewing encourages children to eat more food
B．fewer children choose to eat fruit during TV viewing
C．children watching TV are likely to eat unhealthily
D．children nowadays spend an increasing number of hours on TV
6．According to the second paragraph，children tend to eat more junk food due to ．
A．advertisements for junk food on TV
B．the lack of fresh fruits and vegetables
C．tendency to be hungrier when still
D．the preference for its delicious taste
7．What does the fourth paragraph in the passage mainly talk about?
A．The poor eating habits.
B．Unhealthy options available.
C．The disadvantages of TV viewing.
D．The diseases linked to TV viewing.
8．Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?
A．Healthy snacks available while watching TV are recommended.
B．Children absorbed in TV seldom take part in exercise.
C．Food selection has some relation with watching TV.
D．Watching TV will definitely contribute to obesity.
【语篇解读】最新的研究进一步证实：看电视会引发小孩们不健康的饮食适应，但假如父母提供一些健康的食物的话，能够补偿一下电视所带来的弊端。

5．解析：选C。

细节明白得题。

依照第一段最后一句可知，最新的研究结果进一步证明了看电视与不健康饮食之间的联系。

故C项正确。

6．解析：选A。

细节明白得题。

依照第二段第一句可知，小孩们在电视上经常看到不健康食物的广告，故而会越来越倾向于这些垃圾食品。

7．解析：选C。

主旨大意题。

结合第四段的内容可知，电视看得越多，小孩的饮食适应越不健康。

慢慢地就埋下了肥胖的种子，随之而来的还会有肥胖造成的一些慢性疾病。

由此可见，该段要紧讲述了看电视的坏处。

故C项正确。

8．解析：选D。

推理判定题。

结合上下文内容可知，小孩在看电视的时候，假如能够伸手拿到健康的食物，就会抵消电视节目所造成的不良阻碍。

因此，关于那些沉迷于电视而不爱运动的小孩来说，也就会降低肥胖的概率。

Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 1 reason, such as your job or your studies？ 2 perhaps you're interested in the 3 ， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a good 4 of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of 5 ，but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practice under the 7 of someone who's good at the language. We all lead 8 lives and learning a language takes 9 . You will have more success if you study regularly,
so try to develop a 10 . It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent
in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes 11 .
Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I'm too 12 ，” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more 13 than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 14 ．And learning is good for the health of your brain, too.I've also heard people 15 about the mistakes they make when 16 . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes 17 you're much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never 18 . But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress. And you'll be 19 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 20 own language.Good luck!
1．A.technical B．political
C．practical D．physical
2. A．After B．So
C．Though D．Or
3．A.literature B．transport
C．agriculture D．medicine
4．A.view B．knowledge
C．form D．database
5．A.paintings B．regulations
C．methods D．computers
6．A.protect B．change
C．respect D．provide
7．A.control B．command
C．guidance D．pressure
8．A.busy B．happy
C．simple D．normal
9．A.courage B．time
C．energy D．place
10．A.theory B．business
C．routine D．project
11．A.some risks B．a lot less
C．some notes D．a lot more
12．A.old B．nervous
C．weak D．tired
13．A.closely B．quickly
C．privately D．quietly
14．A.age B．speed
C．distance D．school
15．A.worry B．hesitate
C．think D．quarrel
16．A.singing B．working
C．bargaining D．learning
17．A.if B．and
C．but D．before
18．A.tiresome B．hard
C．interesting D．easy
19．A.blamed B．amazed
C．interrupted D．informed
20．A.their B．his
C．our D．your
【语篇解读】语言学习专门重要，要注意方法和技巧。

1．解析：选C。

依照下文such as your job or your studies可知是有用的(practical)理由。

2．解析：选D。

此句与前句同为第一句所提到的关于学习一种新语言的缘故，两者之间为选择关系。

3．解析：选A。

这四个选项中，与语言学习关系紧密同时和films和music并列的，是literature文学。

4．解析：选B。

have a good knowledge of something的意思是“熟知；把握”。

5．解析：选C。

句意：大部分人通过各种各样的方法学得专门好，然而传统课堂对许多人来说是一个理想的开始。

6．解析：选D。

传统的课堂提供(provide)一个环境，在其中你能够在某个擅长这种语言的人的指导下练习。

7．解析：选C。

课堂上自然是在老师的指导下学习。

under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下。

8．解析：选A。

我们都过着忙碌的(busy)生活同时学习一门语言需要时刻。

9．解析：选B。

学习一门语言因此需要花费时刻(time)。

10．解析：选C。

前面有“regularly(定期地)”，可知选routine(常规，惯例)。

11．解析：选B。

依照前面的take years(花专门多年时刻)和but(转折关系)可知选a lot less(花的时刻少得多)。

12．解析：选A。

依照下文的“Yes，children do learn languages more 13 than adults”可知，有些人觉得自己太老(old)了。

13．解析：选B。

一样来说，小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快(quickly)。

14．解析：选A。

前面说小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快，后面but转折说研究说明你能够在任何年龄(age)学习语言。

15．解析：选A。

下句显现了“Well，relax and lau gh”，可知人们担忧(worry about)他们犯的错误。

16．解析：选D。

前面反复显现learn，learning，可知此处选D。

17．解析：选B。

考查固定句型：祈使句＋and ...。

句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的错误，如此你就不太可能再次犯这些错误。

18．解析：选D。

依照下文“But with some work and devotion，you'll make progress.”可知，学习一门新的语言从来都不容易(easy)。

19．解析：选B。

依照后面的“the positive reaction of some people whe n you say just a few words”可知，你只说几句话，人们就给予积极的反应，因此是amazed(惊奇的)。

20．解析：选A。

前面说“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是说一些他们的(their)语言的话。

Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2021·山西太原市高三模拟)You may feel short of money even if you have a good salary.The following are some tips on 1.
to save your money.First，set 2. (goal) to save money and form money­saving habits while staying away from those who waste money.Think twice before using money on expensive skincare products.
Second，cut down your daily expenses.When going to a supermarket，write down what you want to buy to avoid 3.
(buy) unnecessary stuff.Girls，4. always spend money on clothes，should keep 5. eye open for discounts—you're likely to buy good summer dress in winter at a 6. (reason) price.Third，economize your social life.When it's your turn to buy a meal，invite your friends to your home and cook the dinner 7.
(you)．If you separate from your boyfriend，you 8. (suppose) to donate the gifts he sent to you to some charities instead 9.
throwing them away.
10． (final)，you need to find other ways to earn extra money.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了让你省钱的四种方法。

1．解析：how。

此处表示“以下是关于如何省钱的几点建议”，故用how。

2．解析：goals。

考查名词的数。

句意：第一，设定目标节约钱，形成省钱的适应，同
时远离白费钱的人。

本处应用名词复数形式。

3．解析：buying。

考查动名词。

avoid doing sth.意为“幸免做某事”，故用动名词
buying。

4．解析：who。

考查定语从句。

本处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Girls，关系词在
从句中作主语，指人，应用who。

5．解析：an。

考查冠词。

keep an eye open for sth.意为“留神某物，紧密注意某物”。

6．解析：reasonable。

考查形容词。

a reasonable price“一个合理的价格”，本处
应用形容词作定语。

7．解析：yourself。

考查反身代词。

本处指“自己做饭”，应用反身代词yourself。

8．解析：are supposed。

考查固定短语。

be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”；
依照主语you可知，应用are supposed。

9．解析：of。

考查介词短语。

instead of是固定短语，意为“代替”。

10．解析：Finally。

考查副词。

句意：最后，你需要找别的方式挣外快。

本处位于句
首作状语，应用副词。

Part 2 二卷组合规范练(建议用时45′)
Ⅰ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2021·福建高中毕业班质检)I was born in a town called Blackburn，in the
northwest of England，and lived there till I left home 1.
the age of eighteen.My parents had moved to England from India during 2. 1970s.
As a child，I went to my local school and，of course 3.
(speak) English with a local accent.But home was very different: we lived in
a kind of “little India”，with a huge extended family of uncles and aunts.I remember
4. (feel) part of this big thing called “family”，and an even
5. (big) thing called “India”．I suppose my family
6. (real) influenced
me while I was growing up.They used to talk about India as “home”—even 7.
at that time I had never been there!
To me，it doesn't seem at all strange to grow up as part of two cultures.I am
always thinking that growing up with two cultures is a gift，not a 8. (advantage)．Now as a mother，I want my child
9. (get) in contact (接触) with her Indian roots too，so we are
planning to visit there later this year.All her Indian 10.
(cousin) are expecting to meet her!
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

“我”出生在英国西北部的一个小镇，在十八岁时
离开那儿去求学；“我”的父母早在20世纪70年代从印度迁到英国。

“我”认为相伴着两
个不同文化成长是礼物而不是缺点。

1．解析：at。

考查介词。

at the age of为固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。

2．解析：the。

考查冠词。

the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某
世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。

3．解析：spoke。

考查动词的时态。

依照该句中的“As a child，I went”能够判定，
该句讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一样过去时，故应用speak的过去式spoke。

4．解析：feeling。

考查非谓语动词。

remember doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“记得(曾
经)做过某事”；依照语境可知，那个地点指记得曾经发生的情况，故用feeling。

5．解析：bigger。

考查形容词的比较级。

依照上文中的big和该句中的even能够判定，
空处应用big的比较级bigger。

6．解析：really。

考查副词。

依照空后的influenced能够判定，空处修饰动词，故用
该词的副词形式really。

7．解析：though/if。

考查固定搭配。

他们过去常常将印度当作家乡来谈论，即使那时
“我”从没有到过那儿。

even though/if为固定搭配，意为“尽管，即使”。

8．解析：disadvantage。

考查行文逻辑。

依照该句中的“a gift，not ...”能够判定，
此处表示相伴着两种文化成长是一件礼物，而不是缺点。

故用advantage的反义词disadvantage。

9．解析：to get。

考查非谓语动词。

want sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某
人做某事”。

10．解析：cousins。

考查名词的数。

依照该句中的All和are可知，应用名词的复数
形式。

Ⅱ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
Today is my birthday and I'm so excited about it.When it was time to leave school
I couldn't wait to going home.When I opened the door，there wasn't nobody in the
house.There was only a note said，“Coming home late tonight，mum and dad.” I was
so sad that they forgot my birthday.I just did my homework and waited them.
And then，things changed complete.My mother called and tell me to go to the
restaurant near our home.When I got to there ，I saw there was a lot of people: my parents ，my relatives ，and my friends.There were also many gifts and an big cake.What a surprised birthday party! We enjoyed ourselves very much.
答案：
Today is my birthday and I'm so excited about it.When it was time to leave school I couldn't wait to going go home.When I opened the door ，there wasn't nobody
anybody in the house.There was only a note said
saying ，“Coming home late tonight ，mum and dad.” I was so sad that they forgot my birthday.I just did my homework and waited them.
And then ，things changed complete completely .My mother called and tell
told me to go to the restaurant near our home.When I got there ，I saw there was were a lot of people:
my parents ，my relatives ，and my friends.There were also many gifts and an
a big
cake.What a surprised
surprising birthday party! We enjoyed ourselves very much.
Ⅲ.书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，暑假去美国参加夏令营活动，住在一户美国人的家里。

今天你预备外出，但你的美国房东Mr.William 不在家，请给他写一张留言条。

写作要点如下：
1．你外出购物，晚上不回家吃饭；
2．替房东邮信和还书；
3．Tony 来 留言：
(1)下周一的下午茶会取消；
(2)已告知Lily 此事；
(3)尽快回电。

注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

One possible version：
Mr.William，
I'm going out for shopping，and won't be back until about 9 pm.I will not eat at home tonight.I have taken the letter that you asked me to post，and returned your books to the Community Library.At about two o'clock this afternoon，Tony called and said that next Monday's afternoon tea party had been canceled，because he will go to the airport to pick up his best friend.He said he was sorry，and that he had already informed Lily of the change.He wanted you to call him back as soon as possible.
Li Hua
11 / 11。