英语四级短对话技巧及情境词汇

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四级历年真题听力核心考点
1.观点态度题
此类型的题目选项通常包含表示人物喜好、观点、态度或评价的单词
或短语,例如:think, guess, like/dislike, prefer, insist, consider, would like to, find 等。

提问方式通常有:
·What does the man/woman think about/of…?
·What does the man/woman/two speakers say about…?
·What does the man/woman imply/mean?
·What does the man/woman feel about…?
表示观点态度的常见词汇有:
表示喜欢:like, love, prefer to, enjoy, funny, wonderful
表示反感:dislike, boring, hate, shame, regret
表示赞赏:appreciate, think much, be proud of, admire
表示批评:criticize, critical
表示赞成:certainly, reasonable, favorable, wise, agree, approve
表示反对:disagree, disapprove, foolish, ridiculous, unwise
2.行动计划题
此类型题目的选项通常是动词短语形式的、由不定式或动名词引导的
句子。

对话内容一般是谈话一方或双方计划做什么或曾经做过什么。

提问方式通常有:
·What will the man/woman most probably do?
·What will the man/woman do first after/before…?
·What will the man/woman going to do this…?
3.请求建议题
此类型题目的选项通常与行动计划题的选项相近,因为大多是有关行
动计划的建议。

对话内容一般是谈话一方建议另一方做某事,此类型对话
中经常会包含提出请求和表达建议的句子。

提问方式通常有:
What does the man/woman want/suggest the woman/man to do?
·How does the man/woman suggest the woman/man…?
·What’s the man/woman suggestion to the woman/man?
表达请求的常用句子有:
Will/Would/Can/Could you...?
Would you mind...?
I wonder if/whether you...
I’ll be very appreciative if you...
I hope you don’t mind...
I was wondering if you could...
表达建议的常用句式有:
How/What about doing…?(……怎么样?)
Why not do…? 或Why don’t you/we do…? (为什么不……?)
Maybe you should/shouldn’t do…(也许你应该/不应该……)
Maybe you’d better do…(也许你最好……)
Maybe you may/might as well do…(也许你还是…好,不妨…好)
Let’s…(让我们……)
We should…(我们应该……)
Perhaps we can…(也许我们能……)
If I were you, I’ll…(如果我是你,我将……)
4.身份关系题
此类型的题目一般考查谈话两者之间的关系或者谈话某一方的职业,
解答这类题的时候要注意谈话者的语气以及谈话的场景。

提问方式通常有:
·What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
·What is the probable relationship between A and B?
·What most probably is…?
·What’s the man/woman’s job?
常考人物关系有:
夫妻(husband-wife)
父子(father-son)
母子(mother-son)
师生(teacher-student)
同学(schoolmate)
同事(colleague)
老板与秘书(boss-secretary)
雇主和雇员(employer-employee)
医生与病人(doctor-patient)
服务员与顾客(waiter/waitress-customer)
主人与客人(host/hostess-guest)
警察与司机(policeman-driver)
图书管理员与借阅人(librarian-reader)
房东与住户(landlord/landlady-tenant)
常考职业身份有:
教授(professor)
秘书(secretary)
老板(boss)
医生(doctor)
服务员(waiter/waitress)
修理工(repairer,plumber管钳工,carpenter木匠,mechanic技工,electrician…)家庭成员(father, mother, son, daughter,husband, wife, boyfriend, girlfriend...)
5. 中心思想题
此类题型主要考查学生对整篇对话的主题思想或某个事件的理解和把
握。

提问方式通常有:
·What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
·What is the conversation mainly about?
·What’s the main purpose of …?
·What is the main topic of the conversation?
·What is the main idea of the passage?
·What can we learn from this passage?
·What is the best title for this passage?
·What is the passage mainly about?
·What is the speaker talking about?
6. 事实细节题
此类题型主要考查学生是否把握住了对话中的重要细节部分。

一般来
说,长对话中80% 都是细节题。

问题内容比较广泛,主要包括: 时间、地点、
事件原因、事件结果、具体行动等。

问题一般为wh- question 的形式,
提问方式通常有:
·What does sb. say about…?
·Why…?
·When…?
·Where does the conversation probably take place?
这类题要求我们对文中出现的时间、数字等信息一定要特别敏感,及
时做好笔记;另外,文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to 等)和转折连词(如but, however, though 等)引导的句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往就是考点。

常考的地点场景有:
诊所或医院(clinic or hospital)
火车站(railway station )
机场(airport )
邮局(post office )
银行(bank )
学校或校园( school or campus)
图书馆(library )
书店(bookstore )
餐馆( restaurant)
旅馆(hotel )
7. 推理推测题
此类题型主要考查学生获取对话中的信息之后的推理能力,一般逻辑
推理不会很难。

主要内容是对对话中提到的细节进行延伸推断或对谈论一
方的意见或行为进行推断。

提问方式通常有:
·According to the conversation, what will the two speakers do then? ·What can be inferred from the conversation?
·What can we conclude from the conversation?
·What is the woman’s tone of voice when she first sees the man? ·What does the speaker think about the problem...?
·How does the writer feel about...?
·What does the speaker most concerned about?
·What would the man do for the woman’s practice if she were accepted?
8. 判断对错题
这类题常用以下提问方式:
·Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? ·Which of the following is not mentioned?
听到这类题时,一定要听清提问,对于有没有not 一词要弄清楚。

一般
情况下,not 一词会重读。

1. 语义理解设题问句
What does the man/woman mean/imply?
What does the woman want the man to do?
What do we learn from the conversation?
What can be inferred from the conversation?
What can we learn from the speakers?
2. 逻辑判断设题问句
What do we learn from this conversation?
What can be inferred from the conversation?
What are they talking about?
What can we infer about the man from the conversation? What do we conclude from the woman’s words?
3. 观点态度设题问句
What does the man say about?
What does the man imply/mean?
What do the speakers say about the fact?
4. 事实细节设题问句
What does the man find ?
What did the woman request to do?
Who is the woman probably speaking to?
5. 请求建议设题问句
What does the man suggest the woman should do? What does the woman want the man to do?
6. 行动计划设题问句
What is the man/woman doing?
What will the woman probably do?
What are the speakers probably going to do?
7. 原因目的设题问句
What was the purpose of the man?
通常各种句式语气是四级短对话题目的设题点或者是决定答案的关键
部分,考生应该熟练掌握这些句式语气并且多加练习。

1. 否定句式
Wow, I don’t like to let anyone else drive my ca r. (2010 年6 月)
I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet. (2008 年12 月)
I could hardly recognize her. (2007 年12 月)
2. 建议句式
Why not...?
Why don’t you...?
Tell you what, why don’t we go together?(2010 年6 月)
So it might be time to invest in a more recent model. (2009 年6 月)
How about joining me for a cup of coffee? (2008 年12 月)
3. 转折句式
But ...
Well,...
However, ...
Yeah, but what troubles me is that I can’t find the book in the library or in
the university bookstore.(2010 年6 月)
But let’s call rig ht now to confirm our flight. (2009 年6 月)
4. 比较句式
Other than this Friday, one day is as good as the next. (2010 年6 月)
He’s been sick all week, but I’ve never felt better in my life. (2007 年12 月)5. 虚拟句式
If I were you, I...
How I wish ....
I’d feel that way too if I were you. (2010 年6 月)
What would you do if you were in my place?(2007 年12 月)
I wish I hadn’t thrown away that waiting list. (2007 年6 月)
6. 反问句式
Don’t you think so?
Really?
You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you?(2008 年12 月)
You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? (2008 年12 月)
I’m so sorry sir, and you’ll let me pay to have your jacket cleaned, won’t
you? (2008 年6 月)
四级历年真题短对话主题及相关词汇
四级听力中涉及的常见生活场景很有限,而且重复率很高。

它们必然是学生日常学习生活中最为常见的场景,归纳起来可以分为这八大场景: 校园生活、工作职场、娱
乐活动、旅游交通、疾病健康、饮食起居、天气气候、购物装饰等。

一、校园生活
这类场景主要涉及: 申请学校、选修课程、听课、演说、阅读、写论文、
考试、奖学金、同学交往及课余生活安排等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇:
concentration 集中
come up with 赶上
quiz 小测验
draft 初稿
postpone / put off 推迟
stay up 熬夜
further study 进修
postgraduate 研究生
a student loan 学生贷款
fellowship/scholarship 奖学金
enroll in 登记
candidate 候选人
diligence 勤奋
paper 论文
passing score 及格分
fall short of one’s expectation 出乎意料
graduate 毕业生
enthusiasm 热情
be strict with 对……严厉
cancel / call off 取消
reschedule 重新安排时间
earn a credit 修学分
study abroad 留学
graduation 毕业
tuition 学费
fee 学杂费
participate in 参加,参与
sign up for 参加(俱乐部、课程等)
run for 竞选
grant 助学金
election campaign 选举活动
the student union 学生会
taste 兴趣,爱好
二、工作职场
这类场景主要涉及: 招聘面试、工作选择、工作安排、客户联络以及同事关系等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇:
hang on 坚持
work addict 工作狂
wear out 疲劳
job hunting 找工作
application letter 求职信
job–hopping 跳槽
appointment 约会
be involved in 参与
personality 品质
determined 有决心的
achievement 成就
pioneer 先驱,开拓者
turn down 拒绝
cooperation 合作
proposal 建议书
pessimistic 悲观的
perseverance 坚持不懈
struggle 奋斗
overwhelmed 疲倦的
work like a horse 辛勤工作
want ads 招聘广告
do odd jobs 做零工
appointment 任命
in charge of 负责
be on business 出差
optimistic 乐观的
diligent 勤奋的
deserve 值得,应该
tribute 赞美
overwork 加班
workload 工作负担
devote oneself to sth. 致力于某事
vacancy 空缺
lose one’s job 失业
worthy 值得的
三、娱乐活动
这类场景主要涉及: 休闲方式、文化艺术、体育活动、假期安排等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇
waiter / waitress 服务员
junk food 垃圾食品
medium 中等熟度
cater 提供饮食及服务
keep pet 养宠物
gossip 闲话;喜欢谈论别人私生活的人
violence movie 暴力片
tragedy 悲剧
menu 菜单
roast 烤肉
done 老的,煮熟了的
buffet 自助餐
gardening 园艺
documentary 纪录片
TV theatre 电视剧场
snack 快餐
rare 半熟的
make a reservation 预定
play chess 下象棋
tennis court 网球场
entertainment industry 娱乐业
plot 情节
eat out 出去吃
order 点菜
program 节目
scenic spot 旅游景点
landscape 风景
comedy 喜剧
entertaining 有趣的,愉快的
organic food 有机食品
四、旅游交通
这类场景主要涉及: 景点介绍、宾馆住宿、交通方式、归来感受等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇
express train 特快列车
return/round-trip ticket 往返票
handbrake 手刹车
speeding 超速
jay-walker 无视交通规则任意乱行的人
economy class 经济舱
board 登机
safety inspection 安检
sightseeing 观光,游览
set off to the seaside 去海边
one-way ticket 单程票
platform 站台
run a red light /jump the light 闯红灯
fast lane 快行车道
give a ride 搭车
a non-stop train 直达火车
transfer 转车
park a car 停车
zebra 斑马线
ticket 罚单
intersection 十字路口
first class 头等舱
checking counter 检票处
check in 办理登机手续
travel agency 旅行社
scenic resort 旅游胜地
business class 商务舱
miss flight 误机
behind schedule 晚点
reception desk 接待处
landscape 风景
五、疾病健康
这类场景主要涉及: 生病就医、诊断过程、身体状况、医生建议等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇:
epidemic 流行病
symptom 症状
sore throat 嗓子疼
prescription 处方
vaccinate 注射疫苗
put on weight 增加体重,长胖
on diet 节食
be in good shape 身体健康
bird flu 禽流感
sneeze 打喷嚏
runny nose 流鼻涕
fracture 骨折
contagion 传染
have a temperature 发烧
allergy 过敏
dosage 剂量
exercise machine 健身器械
be out of shape 身体不好
physical inspection 体检
fitness center 健身中心
slimming drug 减肥药
be in poor shape 身体状况不佳
black and blue 青一块紫一块
六、饮食起居
这类场景主要涉及: 外出就餐、饮食健康、租房信息、居住环境等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇:
landlord /landlady 房东
monthly rent 月租
settle 定居
subway entrance 地铁入口
household expense 家务开支
interest rate 利率
deposit 存款
leisure time 闲暇时间
hospitable 好客的
operator 接线员
residence 居住,住所
accommodate 供给住宿或房间
suburb 郊区
house keeper 管家
tenant 房客
available 可利用的
downtown 市中心
put up with the noise 容忍噪音
keep down the cost 降低开支
pay off 还清
addressee 收信人
call on sb. 拜访某人
long-distance call 长途电话
property 财产
addresser 寄信人
take a message 捎口信
hold on 别挂电话
七、天气气候
这类场景主要涉及: 气候温度、天气状况以及对人们日常生活的影响等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇:
weather forecast 天气预报
thunderstorm 雷雨
chilly 严寒的
environment protection 环境保护
ecosystem 生态系统
purify 净化
endangered species 濒临危险物种
pour 倾盆大雨
foggy 有雾的
snowstorm 暴风雪
deforestation 滥砍滥伐
vegetation 植物,植被
humidity 湿度
drizzle 毛毛雨
breezy 微风的
blizzard 暴风雪
reclaim 开垦,改造
over-fishing 过度捕鱼
recycle 回收再利用
drought 干旱
greenhouse effects 温室效应
extinction 灭绝
deterioration 恶化
dust-storm 沙尘暴
global warming 全球变暖
acid rain 酸雨
八、购物装饰
这类场景主要涉及: 商场采购、家具添置、服饰搭配等方面的话题。

☆相关词汇:
supermarket 超市
bargain 便宜货,讨价还价
display 展示
budget 预算
cosmetics 化妆品
luxurious item 奢侈品
furnished 已装修的
cupboard 衣柜
plumber 管子工
air conditioner 空调
grocery 杂货店
complaint 投诉
chain store 连锁店
out of stock 没货
famous brand 名牌catalog 商品目录convenience store 便利店department store 百货大楼in stock 有现货
sports goods 体育用品discount 折扣
furniture 家具
shower 淋浴
washing machine 洗衣机install 安装
decoration 装饰
leak 漏水
furnace 暖气锅炉,熔炉heater 加热器
shopping list 购物单
英语四级听力短对话不能不记的分类词汇
选择专业或课程:
register for/sign up for/enroll
in/enlist in/take 选(课或专业)semester 学期
quit/drop a course 逃课
pick up 学习,选择
major in 专修
earn a credit 修学分
workload 负担
primary 初步的,初级的
advanced course 高级课程
optional/elective/selective course 选修课required/compulsory course 必修课science courses/arts courses 理科/ 文科geology 地质学
archaeology 考古学
anthropology 人类学
botany 植物学
zoology 动物学
math 数学
linguistics 语言学
philosophy 哲学
accounting 会计学
finance 金融学
architecture 建筑学
curriculum 课程
上课,讲座
lecture 讲座
speech 演讲
presentation 陈述,介绍
schedule 课程表
build the interest 培养兴趣
absence 缺席
presence出席
punctual 准时,守时
take notes 做笔记
make up…弥补
doze off 昏昏欲睡
postpone/ put off 推迟
professor 教授
dean 系主任
lay 拖堂
boring 枯燥
thought-provoking 发人深思的catch/follow 跟上,听懂
figure out 弄懂
get lost/confused/puzzled 不明白cancel/call off 取消
attendance 出席人数
考试
mid-term exam 期中考试
final exam 期末考试
quiz 小测验
national test 全国统考reschedule 重新安排时间
exam week/period考试周
open-book exam 开卷考试
make up the exam 补考
review/go over/go through 复习stay up all night 熬夜
full marks 满分
high grade/score/mark 高分straight A’s 全得A
plus加
fall in the exam 考试不及格retake 重修
课余活动
taste 兴趣爱好
extracurricular activities 课余活动chorus 合唱队
drama club 剧社
the Students’Union 学生会president/chairman 主席
run for 竞选
vote选票
questionnaire 问卷调查candidate 候选人
contest/competition 竞赛
award奖
semi-final 半决赛
get eliminated 被淘汰
guitar 吉他
violin 小提琴
a roll of film 一卷胶卷
develop the film 冲洗胶卷
photo studio 照相馆
focus 焦距
shutter 快门
lens 镜头
photo album 相册
part-time job 兼职
winter/summer vacation 寒暑假picnic 野餐
graduation party 毕业晚会saxophone 萨克斯
oil painting 油画
water color 水彩画
sketch 素描
further study 进修
家庭琐事
trivial affair 日常琐事housework 家务活
housekeeper 管家
housemaid 女佣
housewife 家庭主妇
laundry 洗衣店
do/clean the dishes 清洗餐具
in a mass 一团乱
put sth. away把……收拾好
mop the floor拖地
keep an eye on 照料,照看
living expense 生活费
deposit 存款
withdraw 取钱
property 财产
debt债务
pay off 还清
addresser 寄信人
addressee 收信人
parcel 包裹
registered letter 挂号信
ems (express mail service) 特快专递zip/postal code 邮政编码household expense 家务开支
购物消费
convenience store 便利店
chain store 连锁店
supermarket 超市
mall 购物中心
grocery 杂货店
bakery 面包店
invest in 投资
down payment 首付款
deposit 押金
costly/expensive/dear 昂贵的overcharge 多收费
afford 负担得起
salesman 售货员
customer 顾客
display 展示
counter 柜台
cosmetics 化妆品
kitchenware 厨房用具
sports goods 体育用品
discount 折扣
shopping list 购物单
receipt 收据
price tag价签
on sale 出售
bargain 便宜货,讨价还价luxurious item 奢侈品
sell out 售光
out of stock 没货
in/out of season 正和/ 过了季budget 预算
catalog 商品目录
stationary 文具
外出就餐
eat out/dine out 出去吃
join in sb. for dinner 与……共进晚餐treat 款待,宴请
make a reservation 预定
book a table 订桌子
buffet 自助餐
café/cafeteria 咖啡店
menu 菜单
specialty 特色菜
snack 快餐
appetizer 开胃菜
champagne 香槟酒
toast 烤面包
course 一道菜
napkin 餐巾
junk food 垃圾食品
french fries 炸薯条
fatty food 油腻食品
organic food 健康食品
roast 烤肉
mutton 羊肉
pork 猪肉
beef steak 牛排
rare 半熟
medium 中等熟的
done 老的,煮熟的
sauce 汁
spicy/hot 辣的
bland 无味的,味道淡的
tangy 味道浓烈的
tip 小费
度假出行
tourist 游客
take a vacation 休假,度假
package trip/tour 由旅行社全包的旅行book a room 订房间
reception desk 接待处
service counter 服务台
check in 住宿登记
go down to the beach/shore/seaside去海边go surfing 冲浪
hiking 徒步旅行
canoe (划)独木舟
sightseeing 观光,游览
scenic resort 旅游胜地
garage 修理厂,车库
rush hour/peak hour 高峰期
traffic jam 交通堵塞
heavy/light traffic 交通流量大/ 小
bus terminal 汽车终点站
zebra 斑马线
jay-walker 无视交通规则的人
fine罚款
driving license 驾驶执照
make a wrong turn 拐错弯
car crash 撞车
traffic accident 交通事故
injury 受伤
landscape 风景
beyond description 难以描述broaden one’s horizon 开阔眼界headlight 车前灯
one-way ticket 单程票
round-trip ticket 往返票platform 站台
dining car 餐厅
punch a ticket检票
cabin 机舱
hostess 空姐
miss flight 误机
airsick 晕机
give a ride 搭车
express train 快车
see off 送行
departure time 起飞时间
crew全体乘务人员
captain 机长
pilot飞行员
declare 申报
customs 海关
board 登机
passport 护照
visa 签证
住房搬家
landlord/landlady 房东
tenant 房客
rent and utilities 房租和水电费house-warming party 乔迁宴会apartment/flat公寓
spare rooms 空余房间available 可利用的
downtown 市中心
suburb 郊区
parking 停车
messy 乱的
neat 整洁的
second-hand 二手的decoration 装饰cupboard 衣柜shower 淋浴
sink 下水槽
pipe 管道
leak 漏水
fix 维修
heater 暖气
air conditioner 空调cramped 拥挤的spacious/roomy 宽敞的furniture 家具
生病看病
epidemic 流行病
bird flu 禽流感
sars 非典
symptom 症状sneeze 打喷嚏
sore throat 嗓子疼runny nose 流鼻涕diarrhea 腹泻,拉肚子stomachache 胃疼
fill teeth 补牙
allergy 过敏
itchy 发痒
vomit 呕吐
dizzy 头晕
physician 内科医师surgeon 外科医生fracture 骨折
swell 肿
cure 治疗
treat 治疗
examine 检查prescription 处方
pill/tablet 药片sleeping pill 安眠药dosage 药剂量
take injection 打针
vaccinate 注射疫苗
operation 手术
first aid 急救
blood test 验血
clinic 诊所
ward 病室
健康运动
physical examination 体检
be in good shape/in the pink 身体健康
be in poor health 身体虚弱
tobacco 烟草
addict 使沉溺,上瘾
give up/quit smoking 戒烟
eat and drink too much at one meal 暴饮暴食put on weight 增肥
lose weight 减肥
slimming drug 减肥药
on diet 节食
gym 体育馆
keep-fit class 健身班
fitness center 健身中心
天气预报
weather forecast 天气预报
temperature 温度
sunny/clear 晴天
cloudy 阴天
drizzle 毛毛雨
light rain 小雨
heavy rain 大雨
shower 阵雨
humidity 湿度
environment protection 环境保护
reclaim 开垦
deforestation 砍伐森林
over-fishing 过度捕鱼
vegetation 植被
pollution 污染
recycle 回收
pour/rain cats and dogs倾盆大雨thunderstorm 暴雨
hail 冰雹
windy 有风的
breezy 微风的
gusty 起大风的
purify 净化
global warming 全球变暖steamy 湿热的
cold 冷的
chilly/freezing/frigid 寒冷的foggy/misty 起雾的,有雾的
面试工作
job-hunting/search a job 找工作want ads 招聘广告
position 职位
inquiry 询问
consult 咨询
resume 简历
certificate 证书
application letter 求职信interview 面试
interviewee 面试者interviewer 面试官
first impression 第一印象confident 自信
experienced 经验丰富的diligent 勤奋的
hard-working 工作努力的work addict 工作狂
work like a horse 辛勤工作workload 负担
complain 抱怨
devote oneself to sth. 致力于promotion 升职
hire/employ 雇佣
quit/resign 辞职
job-hopping 跳槽
client 客户
agenda 日程安排
punctual 守时representative 代表negotiation 谈判
take over 接管,接任transfer 调职
qualified 有资历的
full-time job 全职工作
part-time job 兼职工作appoint 任命
deserve 值得colleague 同事
boss 老板
ask for live 请假cooperation 合作
a win-win situation 双赢pay raise 加薪achievement 成就,业绩。

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