电影《阿波罗13号》-

电影《阿波罗13号》- 真实故事的系列照⽚
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奥斯卡获奖
• 奥斯卡最佳剪接奖
• 奥斯卡最佳⾳效奖
奥斯卡提名
• 奥斯卡最佳影⽚奖
• 奥斯卡最佳剪接奖
• 奥斯卡最佳⾳效奖
• 奥斯卡最佳男配⾓奖
• 奥斯卡最佳⼥配⾓奖
• 奥斯卡最佳艺术导演奖
• 奥斯卡最佳效果，视觉效果奖
• 奥斯卡最佳编剧奖
《阿波罗13号》(Apollo 13)(1995)是環球影⽚公司于1995年出品的⼀部电影，由朗•霍華执导，凱⽂•⾙肯、湯姆•漢克斯等主演，是⼀部取材真实事件的电影，脚本的依据是当事⼈宇航员吉姆.洛弗尔(Jim Lovell) 和Jeffrey Kluger.的回忆录《与⽉球失之交臂》(Lost Moon)。

那次登⽉飞⾏虽然失败，但飞船的返回本⾝在美国太空探索史上却具有极为深远的意义。

电影故事:
《阿波罗13号》(Apollo 13)(1995)是環球影⽚公司于1995年出品的⼀部电影，由朗•霍華执导，凱⽂•⾙肯、湯姆•漢克斯等主演，是⼀部取材真实事件的电影，脚本的依据是当事⼈宇航员吉姆.洛弗尔(Jim Lovell) 和Jeffrey Kluger.的回忆录《与⽉球失之交臂》(Lost Moon)。

那次登⽉飞⾏虽然失败，但飞船的返回本⾝在美国太空探索史上却具有极为深远的意义。

1969年7⽉20⽇，经验丰富的宇航员詹姆斯.洛弗尔（Jim Lovell）, 其他宇航员和他们的家⼈在詹姆斯的家中有⼀个party，party上, 他们在看阿波罗11号登⽉和尼尔.阿姆斯特朗(Neil Armstrong) 在⽉球上的第⼀步的电视。

詹姆斯曾经乘阿波罗8号绕⽉⾏程, 他告诉他的妻⼦玛丽莲他打算回去。

在作为贵宾参观了美国国家航空航天局的车辆装配⼤楼的同时, 德科(Deke Slayton) 告诉吉姆和他的团队将乘阿波罗13号登⽉。

詹姆斯和他的团队弗雷德(Fred Haise) 和托马斯 (Ken Mattingly) 开始为⾃⼰新的使命培训。

发射前的⽇⼦⾥, 托马斯得了德国⿇疹, 他的备份指令舱驾驶员约翰(John “Jack” Swigert) 取⽽代之。

随着发射⽇期的临近，詹姆斯的妻⼦玛丽莲开始为她的丈夫恐惧和做噩梦。

尽管她的疑虑，她仍来肯尼迪地基为丈夫送⾏, 后来她的结婚戒指落在旅馆的淋浴排⽔道了。

1970年4⽉11⽇，詹姆斯, 弗雷德和约翰在阿波罗13做好了准备, 在休斯敦控制中⼼的挥基因.克兰兹(Gene Kranz) 命令发射。

⽕箭升空后, 第⼆级的发动机过早断⽕, 但⽕箭仍然成功地到达轨道。

第三级点⽕后, 阿波罗13号发送到⽉球轨迹。

约翰将指令/
服务舱和登⽉舱靠在⼀起。

航⾏了三天, 宇航员们从Odyssey发送电视直播, 认为登⽉对公众已成为惯例, 不需要⼴播直播。

作为例⾏程序的⼀部分，约翰开启开关搅拌服务舱的两个液氧罐, 其中⼀个意外的引爆了。

另⼀个很快就发现漏⽓, 这促使休斯敦控制中⼼取消阿波罗13的登⽉任务。

宇航员们匆匆关闭了服务舱, 这样可以使他们活着回家。

当宇航员们在登⽉舱看到他们脚下的⽉球, 詹姆斯想象⾃⼰⾛在⽉球的表⾯。

在控制中⼼, 飞⾏主任宣布“失败不是⼀种选择(failure is not an option)”, 飞⾏主任让宇航员们准备⼀旦阿波罗13接近地球, 重新启动指令舱。

宇航员们关闭登⽉舱以节省电⼒。

约翰怀疑控制中⼼搞错了, 没有听控制中⼼的指导, 弗雷德⼀阵愤怒, 指责约翰的事故经验不⾜。

詹姆斯很快平息了争辩。

另⼀个问题是宇航员呼出⼆氧化碳的积累, 宇航员们迅速制定了解决⽅案, 他们让登⽉舱的圆形插座⽤于指令舱的⽅形空⽓净化器。

接着指令舱的系统关闭, 机舱内的冷冻, 弗雷德发烧, 宇航员们成功地⾃制⼀个简要点燃登⽉舱的发动机。

与此同时，控制中⼼寻找到了⽤有限的电源点燃指令舱的⽅法, 程序落实, 约翰点燃了指令舱。

⽬睹抛弃损害后的服务舱后,宇航员们重新进⼊不确定是否有损害的指令舱, 在指令舱重新进⼊地球⼤⽓层时, 他们释放了登⽉舱。

在⼀个不寻常的长时间的⽆线电停⽌通信后, 阿波罗13宇航员们的报告, 他们都活得很好。

任务控制中⼼和宇航员的家属获得极⼤的安慰。

在指令舱溅落在太平洋后, 硫磺岛号航空母舰救了宇航员们。

阿波罗13号被称之为⼀次“失败的成功”，三位宇航员以及地⾯指挥⼈员的英勇事蹟后来被搬上银幕。

电影《阿波罗13号》(Apollo 13) 1995年获9项奥斯卡提名, 最后获2项奥斯卡奖(最佳剪接, 最佳⾳响)。

《阿波罗13号》电影剧照
真实的故事:
阿波罗13号（Apollo 13）是阿波罗计划（Project Apollo）中的第三次载⼈登⽉任务。

发射后两天，服务舱的氧⽓罐发⽣的爆炸严重损坏了航天器，使其⼤量损失氧⽓和电⼒；三位宇航员使⽤航天器的登⽉舱作为太空中的救⽣艇。

指令舱系统并没有损坏，但是为了节省电⼒在返回地球⼤⽓层之前都被关闭。

三位宇航员在太空中经历了缺少电⼒、正常温度以及饮⽤⽔的问题，但仍然成功返回了地球。

(1) 阿波罗13号登⽉任务计划:
这是阿波罗13号登⽉任务的徽章(This is the insignia of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission. Represented in the Apollo 13 emblem is Apollo, the sun god of Greek mythology, symbolizing how the Apollo flights have extended the light of knowledge to all manking. The Latin phrase Ex Luna, Scientia means "From the Moon, Knowlege".)
阿波罗13号登⽉任务的指挥官,宇航员詹姆斯阿波罗13号登⽉舱驾驶员, 宇航员弗莱德
(James A. Lovell Jr. ) (Fred W. Haise Jr. )
阿波罗13号指令舱驾驶员, 宇航员托马斯阿波罗13号指令舱驾驶员, 宇航员约翰
(Thomas K. Mattingly II) (John L. “Jack” Swigert Jr.)
(从左⾄右) 詹姆斯, 托马斯, 弗莱德
阿波罗13号成员
• 吉姆•洛威尔（James A. Lovell），指挥官
• 托马斯•马丁利（Thomas K. Mattingly II），指令/服务舱驾驶员
• 弗莱德•海斯（Fred W. Haise），登⽉舱驾驶员
替补成员
(替补成员同样接受任务训练，在主⼒成员因各种原因⽆法执⾏任务时接替)
约翰•杨（John Young），指挥官
约翰•斯威格特（John L. "Jack" Swigert），指令/服务舱驾驶员
查尔斯•杜克（Charles Duke），登⽉舱驾驶员
(2) 阿波罗13号登⽉任务的准备和培训:
阿波罗13号宇航员在夏威夷基拉韦厄⽕⼭培训现场模拟在⽉球⾏⾛
詹姆斯（左）和弗莱德 (Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (left) and Fred W. Haise Jr., Apollo 13 prime crew commander and lunar module pilot, respectively, carry out a simulation of a lunar traverse at Kilauea, Hawaii, site. Both crew members were carrying cameras and communications equipment during the simulated traverse. They maintained contact with men in the roles of spacecraft communicators throughout the traverse. Lovell holds a scoop from the Apollo Lunar Hand Tools (ALHT), and a gnomon, also from the ALHT is deployed in front of Haise. The ALHT carrier is at left background, almost obscured by Lovell.)
阿波罗13号登⽉任务的两名成员宇航员詹姆斯和弗莱德在得克萨斯州地质实地考察岩⽯样本
阿波罗13号宇航员在载⼈航天中⼼参加⽔出⼝培训
托马斯 (左到右) 詹姆斯, 托马斯和弗莱德
弗莱德
阿波罗13号宇航员在载⼈航天中⼼参加⽉球表⾯模拟训练
詹姆斯(Lovell is attached to a Six Degrees of Freedom Simulator. He is carrying an Apollo Lunar Hand Tools (ALHT) carrier in his right hand.)
弗莱德(Haise is attached to a Six Degrees of Freedom Simulator. Using mock-ups, he simulates traversing with the two subpackages of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) via a barbell mode.)
阿波罗13号登⽉舱驾驶员在肯尼迪航天中⼼参加舱外⽉球表⾯模拟⾏⾛训练
(中) 詹姆斯使⽤阿波罗⽉球表⾯实验包的两个⼦包模拟⽉球表⾯⾏⾛, (左)弗莱德模拟挖⼀个3⽶的热流探孔
阿波罗13号登⽉舱驾驶员在肯尼迪航天中⼼驾驶训练⼤楼参加舱外模拟⽉球表⾯⾏⾛训练
Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr. (on left), lunar module pilot, simulates fueling a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP). Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander, assists Haise with this EVA task ; Lovell, wearing an EMU, simulates lunar surface EVA. He is holding an Apollo Lunar Hand Tool (a set of tongs) in his left hand. A gnomon is in front of his right foot. A tool carrier is in the right background ; Astronauts Lovell and Haise simulate lunar surface extravehicular activity .
(3) 阿波罗13号登⽉任务准备就绪:
阿波罗13号登⽉任务的舱外活动的预定计划(A photographic illustration of the Fra Mauro area showing the scheduled traverses planned for the extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission. The larger red dot marked LM indicates the landing point of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module. The red line shows the path of the first EVA traverse. The second EVA traverse is marked with a black line. The yellow line denotes the extension of each traverse in the event a decision is made to do so. The red dots indicate the points of interest for samples and for observation.)
阿波罗13号宇航员登⽉后,在登⽉舱起落架的阶梯上的牌匾将被留在⽉球上
(A photographic replica of the plaque which the Apollo 13 astronauts will leave behind on the Moon during their lunar landing mission. The plaque will be attached to the ladder on the landing gear strut on the Lunar Module's descent stage.)
阿波罗13号登⽉任务倒计时
倒计时的阿波罗13号在肯尼迪航天中⼼
约翰代替托马斯当宇航员托马斯被发现他曾接触⿇疹。

约翰在肯尼迪航天中⼼发射前的放松
在肯尼迪航天中⼼阿波罗13号发射前, ⼀技术员在和弗莱德谈话
(4) 阿波罗13号发射升空
1970年4⽉11⽇2:13时, 阿波罗13号在肯尼迪航天中⼼发射升空，开始其登⽉任务(The Apollo 13 (spacecraft 109/Lunar Module
7/Saturn 508) space vehicles lifts off from Pad A, Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center at 2:13 p.m., April 11, 1970 ; Apollo 13 space vehicle is shown almost past the launch tower, fire coming from its engines as it lifts off ; The Apollo 13 space craft is shown passing the launch tower as it lifts off to begin its lunar landing mission .)
载⼈航天中⼼（MSC）监测阿波罗13号升空
载⼈飞船中⼼（MSC）的控制室第四次电视转播太空⾏动-阿波罗13号登⽉任务(Overall view of the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) in the Mission Control Center at Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) during the fourth television transmission from the Apollo 13 mission in space. Eugene F. Kranz (foreground, back to camera), one of four Apollo 13 Flight Directors, views the large screen at front of MOCR. Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, is seen on the screen.)
载⼈航天中⼼（MSC）航务处处长奥斯陆在控制中⼼⼤厦的⼀个控制台看阿波罗13号升空。

宇航员托马斯被发现他曾接触⿇疹, 在最后⼏个⼩时被替换。

他也坐在控制台看阿波罗13号升空。

(Sigurd A. Sjoberg, Director of Flight Operations at Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), views the Apollo 13 liftoff from a console in the MSC Mission Control Center, bldg 30. Apollo 13 lifted off at 1:13 p.m., April 11, 1970; Astronaut Thomas F. Mattingly II, who was scheduled as a prime crewman for the Apollo 13 mission but was replaced in the final hours when it was discovered he had been exposed to measles, watches the liftoff phase of the mission. He is seated at a console in the Mission Control Center's Mission Operations Control Room. Scientist-Astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, a spacecraft communicator for the mission, looks on at right .)
(5) 阿波罗13号服务舱氧⽓罐爆炸:
在飞⾏测试前, 2号氧⽓罐显⽰异常, 可能是由于损坏的填充线, 清空罐不正确 (在地⾯上，清空罐靠氧⽓强⾏进⼊氧⽓罐, 并迫使液氧在不需清空的地⽅流出) 。

罐内加热器通常很短的时间⽤来加热, 略有增加罐内压⼒, 保持氧⽓流动。

65伏直流电源需要8⼩时使热⽔器“开锅” ⽤掉过量的氧⽓。

设计只有28伏的加热器可能损坏恒温控制开关。

恒温控制开关失控可以使氧⽓罐内的温度上升到超过1000 F度。

罐内温度仪表测量设计只有80 F度。

⾼温清空氧⽓罐也造成聚四氟⼄烯绝缘电线严重损害。

(During pre-flight testing, tank no. 2 showed anomalies and would not empty correctly, possibly due to the damaged fill line. (On the ground, the tanks were emptied by forcing oxygen gas into the tank and forcing the liquid oxygen out, in space there was no need to empty the tanks.) The heaters in the tanks were normally used for very short periods to heat the interior
slightly, increasing the pressure to keep the oxygen flowing. It was decided to use the heater to "boil off" the excess oxygen, requiring 8 hours of 65 volt DC power. This probably damaged the thermostatically controlled switches on the heater, designed for only 28 volts. It is believed the switches welded shut, allowing the temperature within the tank to rise to over 1000 degrees F. The gauges measuring the temperature inside the tank were designed to measure only to 80 F, so the extreme heating was not noticed. The high temperature emptied the tank, but also resulted in serious damage to the teflon insulation on the electrical wires to the power)
1970年4⽉14⽇（4⽉13⽇下午10:06，美国东部时间）, 阿波罗13号进⼊使命约56⼩时, 氧⽓罐内的电源扇打开进⾏第三个“低温搅拌”, 搅拌罐内氧⽓分层。

暴露的电源扇电线短路, 在纯氧环境中聚四氟⼄烯绝缘起⽕, ⽕迅速加热, 并增加了氧⽓罐内的氧⽓压⼒，并可能沿着电线蔓延到罐壁, 压⼒下氧⽓罐破裂, 造成2号氧⽓罐爆炸。

爆炸破坏了1号氧⽓罐和服务舱内部零件, 炸毁4号盖。

(56 hours into the mission, at about 03:06 UT on 14 April 1970 (10:06 PM, April 13 EST), the power fans were turned on within the tank for the third "cryo-stir" of the mission, a procedure to stir the oxygen slush inside the tank which would tend to stratify. The exposed fan wires shorted and the teflon insulation caught fire in the pure oxygen environment. This fire rapidly heated and increased the pressure of the oxygen inside the tank, and may have spread along the wires to the electrical conduit in the side of the tank, which weakened and ruptured under the pressure, causing the no. 2 oxygen tank to explode. This damaged the no. 1 tank and parts of the interior of the service module and blew off the bay no. 4 cover.)
宇航员艾伦画阿波罗13号的爆炸
(Representation of the Apollo 13 explosion painted by astronaut Alan Bean)
事件后载⼈飞船的任务控制中⼼
在载⼈飞船的任务控制中⼼, 专家向宇航员的妻⼦解释阿波罗13号宇航员们在修复⼏个⼩时前发现的氧⽓罐的问题(The Astronauts’ wife receives an explanation of the revised flight plan of the Apollo 13 mission from the experts in the Viewing Room of Mission Control Center, bldg 30, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Her husband, Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., was joining the fellow crew members in making corrections in their spacecraft following discovery of an oxygen cell failure several hours earlier )
宇航员杰拉尔德在向弗莱德的妻⼦解释查尔斯博⼠在向詹姆斯的妻⼦解释
在飞⾏任务控制中⼼的任务操作控制室, 阿波罗13号任务的⼏个重要⼈物, ⼏个⼩时之前阿波罗13号任务的机组成员报告了氧⽓罐的⿇烦(Several persons important to the Apollo 13 mission, at consoles in the Mission Operations Control Room of the Mission Control Center (MCC). Seated at consoles, from left to right, are Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, Director of Flight Crew Operations; Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Shift 3 spacecraft communicator; and Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 13 back-up crew. Standing, left to right, are Astronaut Tom K. Mattingly, who was replaced as Apollo 13 command module pilot after it was learned he may come down with measles, and Astronaut Vance D. Brand, Shift 2 spacecraft communicator. Several hours earlier crew members of the Apollo 13 mission reported to MCC that trouble had developed with an oxygen cell in their spacecraft.)
阿波罗13号登⽉舱的“信箱”, 阿波罗13号宇航员使⽤指令舱的氢氧化锂罐从登⽉舱清除⼆氧化碳。

氢氧化锂是⽤于擦洗从飞船中的⼆氧化碳。

由于登⽉舱的氢氧化锂数量有限, 宇航员偷⼯减料的从指令舱⽤氢氧化锂罐。

“信箱” 是在地⾯有⼈建议阿波罗13号的宇航员设计和测试的, 由于服务舱的⼀个氧⽓罐爆炸, 阿波罗13号宇航员不得不使⽤登⽉舱做“救⽣艇”。

(Interior view of
the Apollo 13 Lunar Module (LM) showing the "mail box", a jerry-rigged arrangement which the Apollo 13 astronauts built to use the Command Module lithium hydroxide canisters to purge carbon dioxide from the Lunar Module. Lithium hydroxide is used to scrub CO2 from the spacecraft's atmosphere. Since there was a limited amount of lithium hydroxide in the LM, this arrangement was rigged up to utilize the canisters from the CM. The "mail box" was designed and tested on the ground at the Manned Spacecraft Center before it was suggested to the Apollo 13 crewmen. Because of the explosion of one of the oxygen tanks in the Service Module, the three crewmen had to use the LM as a "lifeboat".)
这张照⽚显⽰三名宇航员从指令舱转移到登⽉舱, 登⽉舱内⼀些临时软管连接和必要设备, 登⽉舱将是三名宇航员回地球的“救⽣艇”, 左是宇航员弗莱德。

(Interior view of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module (LM) during the trouble-plagued journey back to Earth. This photograph show some of the temporary hose connections and apparatus which were necessary when the three astronauts moved from the Command Module to use the LM as a "lifeboat". Astronaut John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot, is on the right. On the left, an astronauts holds in his right hand the feed water bag from the Portable Life Support System (PLSS). It is connected to a hose (in center) from the Lunar Topographic (Hyson) camera. in the background is the "mail box”.)
(6) 载⼈航天中⼼取消阿波罗13号登⽉任务
载⼈航天中⼼的任务控制中⼼反映的在阿波罗13号任务关键时刻的两个阶段, 这张照⽚拍摄时，阿波罗13号登⽉已经取消, 试图使阿波罗13号宇航员飞残废的飞船回家。

( Two phases of busy activity during critical moments of the Apollo 13 mission are reflected in this view in the Mission Control Center (MCC), bldg 30, Manned Spacecraft Center (MCC). In the foreground, Henry Simmons (left) of Newsweek magazine and John E. Riley, Public Information Specialist, Public Affairs Office, MCC, man their positions in the Press Room. At extreme left of photo, Gerald D. Griffin, Shift 2 Flight Director, talks on telephone in Mission Operations Control Room. When this photograph was taken, the Apollo 13 lunar landing had been cancelled, and the problem-plagued Apollo 13 crewmen were in transearth trajectory attempting to bring their crippled spacecraft back home.)
任务控制中⼼的控制室的⼈们在讨论南太平洋的着陆地点的天⽓图, 这张照⽚拍摄时，阿波罗13号登⽉已经取消( A group of flight controllers gather around the console of Glynn S. Lunney (seated, nearest camera), Shift 4 Flight Director, in the Mission Operations Control Room of Mission Control Center (MCC). Their attention is drawn to a weather map of the proposed landing site in the South Pacific. Among those looking on is Dr. Christopher C. Kraft, Deputy Director, Manned Spacecraft Center (standing, in black suit, right). When this photograph was taken, the Apollo 13 lunar landing had been cancelled, and the problem-plagued Apollo 13 crewmen were in transearth trajectory attempting to bring their crippled spacecraft back home.)
阿波罗13号登⽉任务取消, 阿波罗13号返家
在阿波罗13号返家时, 从阿波罗13号飞船拍摄的⽉球倾斜图⽚(This oblique view of the lunar far side was photographed from the Apollo 13 spacecraft as it passed around the Moon on its hazardous journey homeward. This view is looking East. The large crater in the center at the horizon is International Astronomical Union (IAU) crater no. 221. The next larger crater just south of IAU no. 221 is IAU 220. This area of the Moon is located southeast of Mare Moscoviense. IAU 221 is located at 164 degrees east longitude and 10 degrees north latitude.)
从阿波罗13号拍摄的⽉球齐奥尔科夫斯基陨⽯坑(Excellent view of the lunar far side showing the crater Tsiolkovsky, as photographed by the crew of the Apollo 13 mission during lunar pass. The view is looking southeast toward the lunar horizon. The approximate coordinates of Tsiolkovsky are 128.5 degrees east longitude and 20.5 degrees south latitude.)
从阿波罗13号拍到的⽉球明亮的光照射陨⽯坑(This bright-rayed crater on the lunar farside was photographed from the Apollo 13 spacecraft during its pass around the Moon. This area is northeast of Mare Marginus. The bright-rayed crater is located at about 105 degrees east longitude and 45 degrees north latitude. The crater Joliot-Curie is located between Mare Marginus and the rayed crater. This view is looking generally toward the northeast.)
在阿波罗13号返家时, 从阿波罗13号飞船拍摄的满⽉的图⽚, ⼀些的突出包括⽉球功能的危机海, ⽣育海，宁静海洋, 接器海, 蒸⽓海，边防海，史密斯海，Langenus陨⽯坑, 齐奥尔科夫斯基陨⽯坑。

(This view of a near full Moon was photographed from the Apollo 13 spacecraft during its transearth journey homeward. Though the explosion of the oxygen tank in the Service Module forced the cancellation of the scheduled lunar landing, Apollo 13 made a pass around the Moon prior to returning to Earth. Some of the conspicuous lunar features include the Sea of Crisis, the Sea of Fertility, the Sea of Tranquility, the Sea of Serenity, The Sea of Nector, the Sea of Vapors, the Border Sea, Smyth's Sea, the crater Langenus, and the crater Tsiolkovsky.)
这对地球的照⽚是从阿波罗13号飞船返家时, 拍摄的地球的图⽚。

最明显的陆地⾯积包括美国西南部和墨西哥西北部。

下加利福尼亚半岛是看得很清楚。

(This photograph of the Earth was taken from the Apollo 13 spacecraft during its transearth journey home. The most visible land mass includes southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The penisula of Baja California is clearly seen. Most of the land area is under heavy cloud cover.)
作为阿波罗13号的船员进⼊他们在太空中的最后24⼩时，从在华盛顿美国航空航天局总部的重要⼈物仍然留在载⼈航天中⼼任务的控制中⼼的⾏动控制室(As the Apollo 13 crewmen entered their final 24 hours in space, several persons important to the mission remained attentive at consoles in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of the Mission Control Center (MCC) at Manned Spacecraft Center. Among those monitoring communications and serving in supervisory capacities were (from left)Thomas H. McMullen, Office of Manned Space Flight, Shift 1 Mission Director; Dale Myers, Associate Administrator, Manned Space Flight; Chester M. Lee of the Apollo Program Directorate, OMSF, Apollo 13 Mission Director; and Dr. Rocco A. Petrone, Apollo Program Dirctor, OMSF. All four were from NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C.)
在阿波罗13号任务的最后24⼩时的飞⾏, ⾏动控制室的⼏个美国航天局/ MSC官员( Overall view showing some of the activity in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of the Mission Control Center (MCC) during the final 24 hours of the Apollo 13 mission. Here, flight controllers and several NASA/MSC officials confer at the flight director's console. When this picture was made, the Apollo 13 moon landing had been cancelled and the Apollo 13 crewmen were in transearth trajectory attempting to bring their crippled spacecraft back home ; Discussion in the MOCR dealing with the Apollo 13 crewmen during their final day in space. From left to right are Glynn S. Lunney, Shift 4 Flight Director; Gerald D. Griffin, SHift 2 Flight Director; Astronaut James A. McDivitt, Manager, APollo Spacecraft Program, MSC; Dr. Donald K. Slayton, Director of Flight Crew Operations, MSC; and Dr. Willard R. Hawkins, M.D., Shift 1 Flight Surgeon ).
宇航员詹姆斯在登⽉舱。

服务舱的两个氧⽓罐爆炸, 造成宇航员依赖登⽉舱作为“救⽣艇”。

登⽉舱在再⼊地球前被指令舱抛弃。

(Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 mission, is pictured at his position in the Lunar Module (LM). The Apollo 13 crew of Astronauts Lovell; John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, relied on the LM as a "lifeboat". The dependence on the LM was caused by an apparent explosion of oxygen tank number two in the Service Module. The LM was jettisoned just prior to Earth re-entry by the Command Module.)
阿波罗13号服务舱被弃
1970年4⽉17⽇上午, 从阿波罗13号登⽉舱拍到的被弃的损坏的服务舱, 损坏的服务舱被弃⼏分钟, 短短⼀个多⼩时后, 指令舱
将要溅落在南太平洋(This view of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module (LM) was photographed from the Command Module (CM) just after the LM had been jettisoned. The jettisoning occurred a few minutes after 11 a.m., April 17, 1970, just over an hour prior to splashdown of the CM in the South Pacific Ocean. )
从阿波罗13号的登⽉舱/指令舱拍到的抛弃的受损的服务舱。

正如在这⾥看到的，两个氧⽓罐爆炸刮⾛服务舱整个⾯板上, 三个燃料电池中的两个可见严重损坏(上), 受损区域位于S波段⾼增益天线的上⾯。

(This view of the damaged Apollo 13 Service Module (SM) was photographed from the Lunar Module/Command Module following SM jettisoning. As seen here, an entire panel on the SM was blown away by the apparent explosion of oxygen tank number two located in Sector 4 of the SM. Two of the three fuel cells are visible just forward (above) the heavily damaged area. Three fuel cells, two oxygen tanks, and two hydrogen tanks are locate in Sector 4. The damaged area is located above the S-band high gain antenna. Nearest the camera is the Service Propulsion System (SPS) engine and nozzle.)
从阿波罗13号的登⽉舱拍到的抛弃的受损的服务舱, 照⽚是登⽉舱和指令舱再⼊地球前分离后拍到的(This view of the damaged Apollo 13 Service Module (SM) was photographed from the Command Module (CM) just after the CM/SM separation prior to Earth re-entry.)
从阿波罗13号的登⽉舱/指令舱拍到的抛弃的受损的服务舱, ⽉亮在遥远的背景。

(This view of the damaged Apollo 13 Service Module (SM), with the Moon in the distant background, was photographed from the Lunar Module/Command Module following SM jettisoning. The Command Module (CM), still docked with the Lunar Module (LM), is in the foreground. )
载⼈航天中⼼望天⽂远镜照⽚显⽰了阿波罗13号飞船在遥远天空的轨迹, 箭头指的是航天器, 氧⽓云, 阿波罗13号飞船抛弃的服务舱。

(A telescopic photograph showing the Apollo 13 spacecraft in translunar trajectory in the distant sky. Arrows point to the spacecraft, to the oxygen cloud, and to the expended Saturn V third stage. Apollo 13 was tracked at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) using a 16-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope with an IO televison camera with an S-20 type IO tube, mounted in place of the eyepiece. The TV camera information is stored first on a data disc and played back on a viewing monitor from which this photograph was taken.)
阿波罗13号登⽉舱和指令舱再⼊地球前分离
1970年4⽉18⽇, 在新西兰斐济群岛和奥克兰区域, 新西兰航空公司的DC - 8飞机上的⼀位不愿透露姓名的乘客拍摄到这些明亮的物体, 据信是阿波罗13号服务舱和登⽉舱。

( An unidentified airline passenger snapped these bright objects, believed to be the Apollo 13 Service Module and Lunar Module as they entered Earth's atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean on April 18, 1970. The aircraft, an Air New Zealand DC-8, was midway between the Fiji Islands (Nandi Island, to be specific) and Aukland, New Zealand when the photograph was taken.)
(7) 阿波罗13号指令舱溅落在南太平洋
阿波罗13号飞船指令舱朝下, 溅落在南太平洋。

请注意在乌云的缝隙中可见囊和它的降落伞。

(The Apollo 13 spacecraft heads toward a splashdown in the South Pacific Ocean. The Apollo 13 Command Module splashed down in the South Pacific at 12:07:44 p.m., April 17, 1970. Note the capsule and its parachutes just visible against a gap in the dark clouds.)
1970年4⽉17⽇下午12时07分44秒，在南太平洋, 阿波罗13号指令舱刚刚触⽔(The Apollo 13 Command Module splashed down in the South Pacific at 12:07:44 p.m., April 17, 1970. In this view the capsule has just hit the water and its parachutes are still fully deployed.)
阿波罗13号指令舱在在南太平洋⽔中, 它的三个降落伞在海洋中排⼀排。

(The Apollo 13 Command Module splashed down in
the South Pacific at 12:07:44 p.m., April 17, 1970. In this view the capsule is in the water and its three parachutes are crumpling into the ocean in a row.)
在阿波罗13号飞船溅落时的任务控制中⼼。

在前⾯的房间的⼤屏幕显⽰在1970年4⽉17⽇下午12时07分44秒, 飞船与其降落伞溅落在南太平洋(Overall view of Mission Control Center, bldg 30, during the splashdown of the Apollo 13 spacecraft. The large screen in front the front of the room shows the spacecraft with its parachutes deployed as it heads for splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. The Apollo 13 spacecraft splashed down at 12:07:44 p.m., April 17, 1970.)
美国航天局局长托马斯博⼠（中）和美国宇航局官员为阿波罗13号船员成功溅落南太平洋⿎掌(Dr. Thomas O. Paine (center), NASA Administrator, and other NASA officials joined others in applauding the successful splashdown of the Apollo 13 crewmen. Others among the large crowd in the Mission Operations Control Room of the Mission Control Center, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) at the time of recovery were U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Samuel C. Phillips (extreme left), who formerly served as Apollo program Director, Office of Manned Space Flight, NASA Headquarters; Dr. Charles A. Berry (third from left), Director, Medical Research and Operations Directorate, MSC; and Dr. George M. Low, Associate NASA Administrator.)
美国海军硫磺岛号航空母舰在南太平洋接应阿波罗13号指令舱的三个宇航员
美国海军⽔下爆破队协助在南太平洋的阿波罗13号指令舱的三个宇航员进⼊救⽣筏 (A water-level view of the Apollo 13 recovery operations in the South Pacific. U.S. Navy underwater demolition team assists the astronauts in egressing their Command Module and entering life rafts)
宇航员弗莱德乘坐“⽐利普格” 救援直升机, ⽽宇航员詹姆斯, 杰克在救⽣筏等待。

两艘美国海军⽔下爆破队员在⽔中。

(Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, rides the "Billy Pugh" net up to a rescue helicopter while Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., commander, and John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot, wait in the life raft. Two U.S. Navy Underwater Demolition Team swimmers can be seen in the water while a third waits in the raft with the astronauts.)
在南太平, 阿波罗13名机组⼈员⾛出直升机抵达USS硫磺岛号航空母舰( Apollo 13 crew arrive on prime recovery ship U.S.S. Iwo Jima following splashdown and recovery operations in the South Pacific. Exiting the helicopter which made the pick-up some four miles from the Iwo Jima are (from left) Astronauts Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot; James A. Lovell Jr., commander; and John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot. )
阿波罗13号指令舱回收在南太平洋上的U.S.S.硫磺岛号航空母舰( Crewmen aboard the U.S.S. Iwo Jima, prime recovery ship for the Apollo 13 mission, hoist the Command Module aboard ship. The Apollo 13 crewmen were already aboard the Iwo Jima when this photograph was taken. )
载⼈航天飞⾏太平洋恢复指挥官少将唐纳德在U.S.S. 硫磺岛舰欢迎阿波罗13名机组⼈员。

（左起）弗莱德, 杰克, 詹姆斯。

(Rear Admiral Donald C. Davis, Commanding Officer of Task Force 130, the Pacific Recovery Forces for the Manned Spacecraft Missions, welcomes the Apollo 13 crew aboard the prime recovery ship U.S.S. Iwo Jima following splashdown and recovery operations in the South Pacific. The crewmen (from left) Astronauts Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot; John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and James A. Lovell Jr., commander, were transported by helicopter to the ship following a smooth splashdown only about four miles from the Iwo Jima.)
载⼈飞船中⼼控制中⼼的任务控制中⼼的特派⾏动室看U.S.S. 硫磺岛舰美国海军欢迎阿波罗13号宇航员仪式(Overall view of Mission Operations Control Room in Mission Control Center at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) during the ceremonies aboard the U.S.S. Iwo Jima, prime recovery ship for the Apollo 13 mission. Dr. Donald K. Slayton (in black shirt, left of
center), Director of Flight Crew Operations at MSC, and Chester M. Lee of the Apollo Program Directorate, Office of Manned Space Flight, NASA Headquarters, shake hands, while Dr. Rocco A. Petrone, Apollo Program Director, Office of Manned Space Flight, NASA Headquarters (standing, near Lee), watches the large screen showing Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 13 commander, during the on-board ceremonies. In the foreground, Glynn S. Lunney (extreme left) and Eugene F. Kranz (smoking a cigar), two Apollo 13 Flight Directors, view the activity from their consoles.)
尼克松总统签署给阿波罗13号任务⼩组的总统⾃由奖奖章
尼克松总统和四个阿波罗13号宇航员。

尼克松总统将国家的最⾼荣誉-总统⾃由勋章赠给四个阿波罗13号宇航员(President Richard M. Nixon introduces Sigurd A. Sjoberg (far right), Director of Flight Operations at Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), and the four Apollo 13 Flight Directors during the Presidnet's post-mission visit to MSC. The Flight Directors are (l.-r.) Glynn S. Lunney, Eugene A. Kranz, Gerald D. Griffin and Milton L. Windler. Dr. Thomas O. Paine, NASA Administrator, is seated at left. President Nixon was on the site to present the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian honor -- to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team; A wide-angle, overall view of the large crowd that was on hand to see President Richard M. Nixon present the Presidnetial Medal of Freedom to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team. A temporary speaker's platform was erected beside bldg 1 for the occasion )
由尼克松总统签署给阿波罗13号任务⼩组的总统⾃由奖奖章的照⽚。

(Photograph of the Presidential Medal of Freedom award given to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team signed by President Richard M. Nixon.)
三个宇航员在载⼈航天中⼼
阿波罗13号任务的三个宇航员在载⼈航天中⼼的飞⾏后的情况汇报活动第⼀天。

( The three crewmen of the Apollo 13 mission are photographed during the first day of their post-flight debriefing activity at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Left to right, are Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., commander; John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot ; Dr. Donald K. Slayton (center foreground), MSC Director of Flight Crew Operations, talks with Dr. Wernher von Braun (left), famed rocket expert, at an Apollo 13 post-flight debriefing session. Left to right in the background are the three Apollo 13 crewment Lovell, Swigert, and Haise. Dr. von Braun is the Deputy Associate Administrator for Planning of NASA .)
阿波罗13号登⽉任务宇航员。

(左到右) 詹姆斯, 约翰和弗莱德(Official portrait of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission prime crew in front of a model of the moon. Left to right are James A. Lovell Jr., commander; John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot.)。