托福阅读同义替换

a break with a departure from 分离；偏离abandon give to 放弃
aberrant abnormal 异常的
abolish end 废止；结束
abruptly suddenly 突然地；意外地
abundance plenty 丰富；大量
abundantly plentifully 丰富地；大量地
accelerate speed up; get faster 加速
accelerate increase 增加
accessible available 可利用的
accidental unintentional 偶然的；无意中的acclaimed praisable 收到称赞的
accompany be associated with伴随
according to depending on 随......而定
accordingly for that reason; consequently 因此；于是account describe 描述
account for explain 解释；说明
accrete come together 共生；逐渐增长accumulate build up; collect 逐步建立；聚集accumulate gradually increase in number 积累accumulate increase 增加
accumulation deposit 积累；沉积
acknowledge recognize 承认；认识到
acquire obtain 取得；获得
adept skillfull 熟练的
adequate sufficient 足够的
adhere stick 粘附
adherent supporter 拥护者
adjacency nearing 邻近；接近
adjacent neighboring; nearby; near 附近的；毗邻的administer manage 管理；经营
admire respect 崇拜，尊敬
adorn decorate 装饰
advance propose 提出
advance improvement 发展；改善
advent arrival；appearance 到来，出现
adverse negative 不利的
advocate proponent 支持者
aesthetically artistically 艺术上的
affectional tie emotional attachment 情感上的依附afford offer;provide 提供；给予
affront insult 侮辱
agency force 因素；力量
agent cause 原因
aggravate worsen 使恶化
aggregation group 聚集；小组
agitate create movement in使不安
aid help 帮助
albeit though；even though 虽然
alert warn 警告；提醒
allay reduce 减轻
allege assert;suppose 主张；推测
allocation distribution 分配
allude to refer to 提到
allusion reference 提到
alter change 改变
alteration change 改变
alternative option 选择
altogether completely 完全地
amass accumulate 积累
ambiguous open to more than one interpretation 模棱两可的
ambitious keen; energetic 有雄心的
amount to total 总共
ample plentiful 充足的；丰富地
amplify magnify 夸大
an English innovation a new development introduced by the English 英国人的创新
analogous to similar to 与......相似
ancestor forefather; progenitor 祖先
animate enliven 使有生气；使活泼
annihilate conquer 消灭；征服
annual yearly 一年一度的
anomaly irregularly 异常的人或事物
anonymous nameless; incognito 无名的；匿名的
antagonize anger 惹恼；引起......的敌意或反感
antecedent predecessor 前身；祖先
apace with as fast as 与......一样快
apart from besides 除......之外
apparatus equipment 仪器；设备
apparent in clearly seen in在......中很明显
apparently seemingly 表面上；似乎
appeal attraction 吸引力
appealing attractive 有吸引力的
applied in used for 运用于
appreciate recognize 理解；认识到
approach method 方法
appropriate suitable 合适的
approximately roughly 大约
aptly appropriately 恰当的
ardent enthusiastic 热情的
arduous difficult 艰巨的
arid dry 干旱的
arise come about 出现
arrangement configuration 安排；结构
array large number 大量
article object 物品
artificial not real 人造的；非真实的assemble gather 收集；聚集
asset resource; advantage 资源；有利条件assist in help with 帮助做......
assistance help 帮助；协助
associate connect 联系
assumption belief 假定；假设
assure guarantee 保证
astonish surprise 使惊讶
astonishing incredible; amazing 惊人的astronomical huge 巨大的
at any rate regardless 无论如何
at random without a definite pattern 随意地attachment to preference for 喜爱
attain achieve; reach 取得；达到
attendant accompanying 伴随的
attest to give evidence to 作为......的证据attire clothing 服装
attribute ascribe 归因
attribute characteristic 特征；特性augment increase增加；提高
authenticity genuineness 真实性authoritative official 权威的；官方的autonomous independent 自主的；独立的available obtainable 可获得的
avenue means; methods 途径；手段
back up support 支持
bare exposed 裸露的
barely just 仅仅
barren infertile 贫瘠的
barter exchange (物物) 交换
basic fundamental 基本的
be accustomed to get used to; be used to 习惯于be aware of be familiar with 了解
be inclined tend 倾向于
be termed be called; be known as 被称为behave act 表现
beneficial advantageous 有利的
besides in addition to 除......以外
bias prejudice 偏见
bind(过去分词为bound) hold 束缚；限制biting sharp 尖刻的
bizarre odd 奇怪的
bland dull 乏味的；无聊的
blend into merge with 与......结合
blot out hide 隐藏
boast take pride in having 以拥有......而自豪bombard strike 炮击；轰炸
boom the birthrate 婴儿潮；婴儿出生率boost raise 提升
bound tied 联系
bout period 一阵；一小段时间
brilliance glitter 发光
bulk mass 块；团；大量；众多
bustling busy 繁忙的，熙熙攘攘的
by virtue of because of 因为
calculate determine 决定
camouflage disguise 伪装、
capacity potential 潜能
capture catch 捕捉
capture register 表现；体现
cardinal fundamental 基本的
carry on continue; conduct 继续；进行cast light on explain 说明；解释
cast off get rid of 抛弃；消除
cease stop；end 停止；终止
celebrated famous 著名的
celestial astronomical 天体的；天文的champion support 支持
channel direct 引导
chaotic disorganized 混乱的characteristic quality 性质；特性characterize distinguish 以......为特征cherish value 珍视
chronic persistent 长期的；慢性的chronicle describe 记述
circumscribe restrict 限制；约束circumstance condition 环境；条件
class category 分类
climatic weather 气候的
clue indication 线索；迹象
cluster group 群；组coarse crude; rough 粗糙的；粗俗的coating layer 涂层；覆盖层
coin invent; create 创造
coincide with happen at the same time as 同时发生collaborate cooperate 合作
collective group 集体
colossal enormous 巨大的
commence begin 开始
commonly often 通常
compact compressed 紧密的；压缩的
comparable equivalent 类似的；可比较的
comparably similarly 类似地
comparative relative 比较的；相对的
compatible consistent 与......一致的
compel push; force 迫使
compelling persuasive 有说服力的
compelling forceful 有力的
compensate make up 弥补；补偿
compile put together 汇编
complement replacement 补充物；替代物
complex elaborate 复杂的
component part; element 组成部分；元素
compose constitute; make up 构成；组成
composition arrangement 组成
comprehensive thorough; complete 全面的；全部的comprise consist of 由......组成
compulsorily by requirement 强制性地
compulsory required 强制的，必须的
conceal cover 掩盖
concede accept 让步；接受
conceive consider 考虑
concentrate gather 聚集
concept idea 概念；主意
concise simple 简明的、
concur agree 同意
conducive contributive 有助于......的
conduct carry out 执行；进行
configuration shape 形状
confine restrict; limit 限制
conflict oppose 相冲突；相反
conjunction combination 结合；联合
consecutive successive 连续的
consensus agreement 一致意见
consequence result 后果；结果
consequent resulting 作为结果的
consequently therefore 因此
conserve retain 保存
considerable significant 相当可观的；重大的
considerable substantial; large amount of 许多的considerably significantly 相当客观的；重大的
consistent constant 一贯的；不变的
consistent uniform; regular 一致的
consort associate （与人）来往
conspicuous noticeable 明显的
constant stable 稳定的；不变的
constant invariable 不变的
constituent component 组成成分
constitute make up; comprise 构成
consume destroy 破坏
consume eat 消费；吃
consumption utilization 消费；使用
contemporary existing; modern 现存的；当代的contemporary current 当前的
content argue 争论；主张
contention debate 争论
contention claim 主张；论点
context environment 环境
contingent on dependent on 取决于
continued creation constant creation 连续的创造；不断的创造control manage 控制；管理
controversy conflict; disagreement 争议；冲突conventional usual; tradition 通常的；传统的
converge move closer 汇合
convergence gathering 聚集；集中
conversely on the other hand 与之相反
convert change 改变
convey communicate 表达；交流
conviction belief 相信；信念
cope adapt 应付；适应
cope with deal with; handle 应付；处理
core center 核心
correspondingly accordingly 相应的
counter overcome 对抗；抵消
counter in the opposite direction 相反
Counter act against 对抗
Counteract negate 取消；否定
Counterpart equivalent; version 对应物；版本Course duration 过程
Course through run through 走过
Cramped confined 狭窄的；受限制的Credible believable 可信的
Crisis disturbance 危机
Criteria standards 标准
Critical essential 关键的
Critically fundamentally 关键地
Crucial essential; important; critical 关键的Crude rough; unsophisticated 原始的；粗鲁的Cue hint; clue 线索；按时
Culminate climax 到达顶点
Culmination high point 顶点
Cumbersome burdensome 麻烦的
Curb control 控制；遏制
Current present 目前的
Customary usual 通常的；一般的
Dampen moisten 使潮湿
Daring bold 大胆的
Deceiving misleading 误导性的
Decorating ornamental 装饰性的
Deflect redirect 使偏斜；转移
Deft skilled 熟练的
Deliberate careful 有意的；小心的Deliberation discussion 审议；讨论
Delicate fragile 脆弱的
Deliver present 提交；发表
Demand require 要求
Demise death 死亡；终止
Demonstrate show 表明
Dense thick; crowded 密集的
Depend rely 依赖；依靠
Depict represent 描绘；表现
Depict picture; describe 描绘
Depict portray 描写；描绘
Deplete consume; eat up; use up 耗尽；用尽Deplorable awful 糟糕的
Depress lower 降低
Derive gain; obtain 获得
Derive from based on 源于
Designate assign 指定
Designation identification 指定
Desolate deserted 荒凉的
Despite even though 尽管
Despondent unhappy 沮丧的
Detect discover the presence of; find 发现
Detectable apparent 可察觉的；明显的
Deteriorate get worse 恶化
Detrimental harmful 有害的；不利的
Devastate destroy; ruin 破坏
Develop vigorously development will be strong and healthy 发育充满活力
Deviate depart 偏离
Devise create 设计；创造
Devoid of lacking in; short of 缺乏
Devote dedicate 奉献；投入
Dedicate determine 决定
Differential uneven 差别的；不平均的
Diffuse travel; spread; disperse; spread out 传播；扩散
Disaster catastrophe 大灾难
Discard get rid of 抛弃；消除
Discern identify 识别
Discernible obvious 可分辨的；明显的
Discipline punish 惩罚
Discount disregard 轻视；忽视
Discreet careful 小心的
Discrete separate 分离的
Disguise hide 隐藏
Dismiss reject 排斥
Dispersal distribution散布；传播
Disperse scatter; spread out 分散
Display exhibit 展示；陈列
Dispute argument 争论
Disrupt upset 打破；搅乱
Disruption disturbance 打扰；扰乱
Disseminate spread 传播
Distinct separate; different 不同的
Distinct visible 明显的
Distinctive characteristic; unique 有特色的；独特的
Distinctly clearly 清楚地
Distinguish differentiate 区分
Distort misinterpret 歪曲；错误地理解Distraction difference 分散；区别
Diverge separate 分离
Divergence difference 不同
Divergent different 不同的
Diverse varied；different 各种各样的；不同的Diversification emergency of many varieties 多样化Diversify vary 多样化，变化
Diversity variety 多样性
Divert deflect; shift 转移
Dogma belief 信条
Domain field 领域；范围
Dominant chief ; most common 主要的；最常见的Dominate be prevalent in 流行于；主导
Dormant inactive 休眠的
Drab dull 乏味的
Dramatic striking 突出的；引人注目的
Drastic severe; extreme 猛烈的；极端的
Draw attract 吸引
Dream expectation 梦想；期望
Drive incentive 动力；刺激
Dual double 双重的
Duplicate copy 复制
Durability endurance 耐久性；持久性
Durable long-lasting; strong 持久的；牢固的Duration length 持续时间
Dweller inhabitant 居民；居住者
Dwelling house 房子
Eager enthusiastic 满腔热情的
Eagerly anticipate look forward to 盼望
Edge advantage 优势
Edible eatable 可以食用的
Eerily strangely 奇怪地
Efficiency effectiveness 效率；有效性
Effort attempt 努力；试图
Elaborate extensive; detailed 详细的
Elaborately done in great detail 详细地
Elaboration development 扩展
Elicit bring out 引出
Eliminate remove 消除
Embrace welcome 欢迎
Emerge appear; develop 出现；发育
Emergence appearance; rise 出现
Emergency crisis 紧急情况
Emergent developing 正在发育的
Emit give off；release 发射；排放
Emit produce 产生
Emphasize stress 强调
Empirical based on observation 经验主义的；以经验为依据的Employ use 使用
Enable help 帮助
Enable allow 是能够，准许
Enactment performance 履行
Encompass include 包含；包括
Encounter meet; face 遇到
Encroachment gradual invasion 侵入
Endeavor effort 努力
Endless continuous 连续不断的
Endow provide 提供；赋予
Endure survive 幸存；忍受
Endure last 持续
Engage participate 参与
Engage hire 雇佣
Engrave carve 雕刻
Enhance improvement 提升
Enigmatic mysterious 神秘的
Enjoy experience 经历
Enormous very large; extremely large; immense 巨大的Ensuing subsequent 随后的
Ensure guarantee 保证；担保
Entail necessitate 使成为必要
Entirely completely 完全地
Entitled to given right to 有权…
Entity object 物体
Envelop surround 包围
Episode event 事件
Epitomize exemplify 成为…的典范；代表
Equilibrium balance 平衡
Era period of time 时代
Eradicate eliminate 根除；消灭
Erect build 建立；建造
Erode wear down 侵蚀
Erratic unpredictable 难以预测的
Erroneous wrong 错误的
Escalate intensify; increase 升级；恶化
Essential necessary; fundamental 必要的；基本的Essential significance重要性
Essentially basically 基本上
Estimate projection 估计；预估
Estimate judge 评估；判断
Ethic set of moral principles 伦理；道德规范
Eventually over time; in time; ultimately; finally 最终；最后Ever-shifting constantly changing 不断变换的Evidence indicate 表明；证明
Evoke cause 引起
Evolution development 进化；发展
Evolve develop 进化；发展
Exaggerate overstate 夸张；夸大
Excavate dig；dig up 挖；挖掘
Exceed surpass; go beyond 超越；超过
Exceedingly extremely; highly 极其；非常
Exceptional extraordinary; remarkable 非凡的Exceptionally unusually 非常地
Exclude keep out 排除在外
Exclusive sole 唯一的；排他性的
Execute perform; produce 履行；生产
Exercise utilize; use 利用
Exert put 施加（影响、压力等）；行使
Exert cause 引起；产生
Exert utilize 利用
Exhaust use up 耗尽
Exhibit show; display 展示
Exorbitant expensive 过度的；昂贵的
Expand enlarge 扩大
Expendable nonessential 非必要的；可抛弃的
Explicit utilize; use to advantage; make use of 开发；利用Exponential leap rapid increase 快速增加Expose… to subject … to 使…经受; 使…遭受Exposed visible 暴露的；无遮掩的
Extend stretch 延伸
Extend increase 增加；扩展
Extended long （时间）长的；延长的
Extensive large; substantial 广泛的
Extensive considerable 广泛的；客观的
Extol praise 赞扬
Extract remove 提取；清除
Extraordinary exceptional 异常的；非凡的
Fabricate construct 建造；制造
Facilitate enable 使能够
Facilitate make easier 使…更容易
Faction side 派别
Fade from disappear from 从…消失
Fair significant 相当大的
Faithful loyal 忠实的
Fashion create; shape 创造；形成
Fastened to attached to 粘附于
Fastidious demanding 苛求的
Fatal deadly 致命的
Favor prefer 喜爱
Favorable advantageous 有利的
Feasible achievable；possible 可行的；可能的
Feat remarkable; achievement 功绩；壮举
Feed put 将…放到；将…投入
Figure out map 想出
Finding science discovery 研究结果
Fine tiny 细小的
Finely minutely 细微地
First rank highest quality 第一流的
Fixed firm 固定的
Fixture commonplace object 固定装置；固定设施Flattering complimentary 恭维的
Flaw fault 缺点；毛病
Flee run away from 逃离
Flourish succeed；thrive 繁荣；成功Fluctuation variation 起伏；波动
Focus concentrate 集中；聚集
Forage feed；search for food 觅食；搜寻食物Foremost leading 最重要的
Formidable difficult; excessive 困难的；过度的Formulate form; devise 形成；设计
Fortuitous lucky 幸运的
Foster encourage 鼓励；促进
Foul pollute 污染
Fracture crack 破裂；断裂
Framework structure 框架；结构
Free release 释放
Freestanding separate 独立的
Friction conflict 摩擦；冲突
Frigid cold 寒冷的
Fringe border 边缘
Frown on disapprove of 不赞成
Fulfill satisfy 满足
Functional useful; usable 有用的；可用的Fundamental basic；primary 基本的；主要的Furnish provide 提供
Further additional 进步的；额外的
Furthermore in addition 另外
Fuse combine 合并
Gain increase 增加
Gap opening 缝隙；缺口
Gather some momentum=make progress 进步；势头上升generate= produce；cause 产生；引起
Gesture=movement 手势；动作
Giant=huge 巨大的
give rise to=bring about 引起
Give way to=turn into=be replaced by=转变为；让位于Given=particular 特定的
Glorify=praise 赞扬
Glow=shine 发光
Gradually=by degrees 渐渐地
Graphic=vivid 生动的
Grapple=struggle 斗争
Gratify=satisfy 满足
groundless =unfounded 无根据的
grounds =reasons 根据;理由
groundwork= base 基础
groundwork= basis 基础
groundwork= foundation 基础
get accustomed to= become used to 习惯
guarantee= ensure 保证;担保
hallmark= characteristic n. 戳记，标志
Halt=stop 停止
hamper =impede；restrain 防碍;抑制
haphazard= random a. 随意的
harness= put into use v. 利用
harness= utilize v. 利用
Hardy=vigorous 有活力的
Hasten=speed up 加速
haul= pull；load v. 拉；一批赃物；一批违禁品
hazard =danger n. 危险
heed= notice v. 留心;注意
heighten= increase v. 增加;提高
heir= inheritor n. 继承人;后继者
hence= therefore ad. 因此
heritage =legacy n. 遗产;传统
heritage= tradition n. 遗产;传统
heterogeneous= varied a. 由不同种类组成的
Highlight=emphasize 强调
hinder= interfere with v. 妨碍
hint= clue n. 暗示;迹象
hint= implication n. 暗示;迹象
hint= indication n. 暗示;迹象
hint= lead n. 暗示;迹象
Hinge on=depend on 取决于
Hinterland=region 内地
homogeneous =uniform a. 同种的
Humble=modest 简陋的
Humid=moist 湿润的
hypothetical =supposed a. 假设的;假定的Ideal=perfect；excellent 完美的
identical= exactly alike 同样的
ignite= set on fire v. 点燃
Ill=problem
Illuminate=clarify；light 阐明；照亮Illusory=misleading 虚幻的
Imaginative=creative 想象力丰富的
Imitate=copy；simulate 模仿Immeasurably=greatly 巨大的
Immediate =nearby 临近的
Immense=enormous 巨大的
Immensely=extremely 非常
Immobile=motionless 静止的
Immunity=protection 免疫
Immutable=unchangeable 不变的
Impair=reduce 减少
Impediment=obstruction 阻碍
Impetus=stimulus；incentive 刺激Implausible=unbelievable 难以置信的Implement=execute；put into action 执行Implement=tool 工具
Impose....on=place....on;force....on 强加于Imposing=impressive 深刻印象的
In place of =instead of 代替
In tandem=together 一起；同时
In the long run=eventually 长期最后
In the same breath = immediately 立刻inaccessible= unreachable a. 难接近的inadvertently= unintentionally ad. 非故意地inadvertently =without knowing ad. 非故意地Inaugurate=introduce 开始，引入Incandescent=luminous 发光的
Incentive=motivation 刺激；驱动Inception=beginning 开始
Incise=carve；cut 雕刻
Inclination=tendency；preference 爱好
incorporate= include v. 包含
incorporate= merge v. 吸收
Incredible=unbelievable 难以置信的
Indeterminate=uncertain 不确定的
indication= sign 迹象
indigenous =native a. 本土的;土生土长的Indiscriminately=at random 随意的
indispensable =essential a. 不可缺少的indispensable= necessary a. 不可缺少的indispensable= needed a. 不可缺少的
indispensable= required a. 不可缺少的indispensable= vital a. 不可缺少的
indispensable= significant(重要的) a. 必不可少的induce =bring v. 引起
induce =cause v. 引起
Inducement=incentive 引发
inevitable= unavoidable a. 不可避免的
inflate= expand；enlarge v. 膨胀;扩大
ingenious= very clever a. 心灵手巧的
ingenuity= cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性
ingenuity= creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性
ingenuity= inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性
Influx=arrival 到来
Infrequent=uncommon 不常见的
inherent= essential a. 内在的;固有的
inherent= internal a. 内在的;固有的
inherent= instinctive a. 与生俱来的
inherent= in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的
inherently =essentially ；necessarily ad. 固有地;内在的inhibit =hinder v. 约束;抑制
inhospitable= unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的inhospitable= adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的
initial= first a. 最初的
initially =originally ad. 最初;开头
initiate= begin v. 开始;创始
initiate =start v. 开始;创始
innovative= new a. 创新的
Innumerable=countless 无数的
Insights=understanding 理解
Insights into= an understanding of 理解
Insignificant=unimportant 不重要的
install= put in place v. 放置，安置
instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间instantaneous= immediate a. 即刻的
instigate= incite；cause v. 唆使;煽动
Institute=establish 建立
instructive= informative v. 富有教育意义的insufficient= inadequate a. 不足的
intact= untouched a. 完好的
intangible= immaterial a. 无形的
integral= essential a. 构成整体所需要的intense =strong a. 强烈的
Intensive=concentrated 集中的
intentionally= deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地Interchangeable=equivalent 等值的
Interfere=hinder 干扰
Interference=obstruction 干扰
Interlock=link 联系
Intermittently=periodically 周期性的Interpret=understand 理解
Interval=distance距离
Intervention=influence 干预
intimate =close a. 亲密的
intricate= complex a. 复杂的
intricate =carefully shaped a. 复杂的
intrigue= interest v. 引发…兴趣
intriguing= fascinating a. 迷人的
intrinsic= essential a. 本质的;内在的
intrinsic= inherent a. 本质的;内在的Intrinsically=fundamentally 本质上
intrusive= invasive a. 侵入的
invade= move into v. 入侵;侵犯
invaluable= highly useful a. 极宝贵的invariably= always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地Invoke=call upon 唤起
invoke =appeal v. 垦求,祈求
jolting= shocking 震动的;震惊的
Joint=combined 联合的
Justify=support 支持=prove v. 证明...是正当的Justly=rightly 合理地
Key=important;critical 重要的
Laborious=difficult 困难的
Lament=complain 哀悼；抱怨
Largely=mostly 大部分
Lateral=side 一侧的
launch= start v. 发起;发动
Legacy=heritage 遗产
Legendary=famous 传奇的；著名的
Legible=recognizable 可辨认的
legitimately= properly ad. 正当地;合法地
Lid=cover 盖子
liken= compare 比较
likewise= similarly ad. 同样地
linger= wander v. 徘徊;漫步=remain 保持
Link=connection 联系
Litter=cover 散落于
livelihood= means of support n. 生活;生计
Living=attractive 生动的；迷人的
Load=weight 负重
locale= place n. 现场;场所
Lure=attract 引诱
Magnify= intensify放大；强化
Magnify= enlarge;increase 放大；扩大magnitude =extent;size 巨大;广大;范围，大小maintainpreserve 维持；坚持；保持
Major=principal 主要的重要的
Make it=arrive 成功
Make the most of=get the best yield from 充分利用Mandate=require 要求
Manipulate=control
marked =considerable ；noticeable显着的markedly =noticeably 显著地
Marvelous=wonderful 非凡的
Mask=cover；disguise 伪装；遮盖
Massive=huge 巨大的
Match=equal 匹配
Mature=develop 成熟，发展
Meager=thin；very low 较少的
Means=method 方法
Mechanisms=ways 方式
Merely=only 仅仅
Merge=combine 联合；合并
Merit=worth 优点
meteoric=rapid迅速的
Meticulous=careful 一丝不苟的
milestone= significant event n. 里程碑; 划时代的事mimic= imitate v. 模仿
mimic= copy v. 模仿
miniature= small a. 微型的
minuscule= tiny a. 微型的
minute= tiny a. 微小的
minute =very small a. 微小的
Miraculous=amazing 神奇的
modest =limited(有限的)；simple 适度的；简陋的
modest= not too large (不大的)；small 适度的；较小的Modestly=humbly 谦虚地
Modify=change 改变
modification =alteration n. 修改;改变
momentous= significant a. 重要的
Monochrome=one-color 单色
monitor= observe v. 监控;监视
monopolize= dominate(支配) v. 独占；垄断
Monopoly=domination 支配
Monumental=significant；gigantic 巨大的
moreover= in addition;furthermore此外
motif= pattern;design 图案
Motion=movement 运动
mundane= material a. 世俗的;平凡的
mundane= ordinary a. 世俗的;平凡的
myriad= countless a. 大量的;无数的
myriad= innumerable a. 大量的;无数的
myriad= numerous a. 大量的;无数的
Naturally=unsurprisingly 自然地
Necessitate=require 需要
Neglect=fail 忽视；未能
Negligence=carelessness 粗心大意
Nevertheless=however 然而
Norm=rule；standard 标准
Notable=remarkable 引人瞩目的
Notably=especially 特别是
Nothing more than=simply 仅仅是
Notice=observe 注意到
Notion=idea 想法
Notwithstanding= despite；in spite of；although 虽然; 尽管Novel=innovative;new 创新的；新颖的
Now and then=occasionally 偶尔
objective =purpose；unbiased 目标；客观的
Oblige=require 迫使；需求
Obscure= hide v. 使模煳
obscure =unclear a. 模煳的
Obscure= not clear a. 模煳的
obsession =with fixation on 痴迷;迷恋
obtain =acquire 取得;获得
obvious =evident；apparent 明显的occasionally = once in a while adv. 偶尔地Offset= compensate v. 补偿;抵销
Offset= balance v. 补偿;抵销
Offset= make up v. 补偿;抵销抵销
On the threshold of =at the start of 在....的开始Once=after 一旦；在...之后
Onset= start；beginning 开始
Optimal= most advantageous;best最佳的option =choice 选项;选择
Ornate=elaborate 设计繁杂的
Oscillate=swing 摆动
Ostentatious=showy 炫耀的
Out of sight=hidden 隐藏的
Outbreak=beginning 爆发；开始
Outdated=old-fashioned 过时的
outermost= farthest away 最远的
Outline=summarize 概述
Outstanding=excellent 杰出的
Overlie=cover 位于....上面
Oversee=supervise 监督
Overshadow=distract from 黯然失色Overtake=surpass 超过
Overtaxed=heavily burdened 负担过重的Overwhelming=powerful 压倒性的；有力的Pace=rate 比率
Palatable=appealing 美味的
Pale=lose significance 相形见绌
Paradox=contradiction 矛盾；冲突Paradoxically=surprisingly 矛盾地Particularly=especially 特别地
Partitioning=division 分割
Pattern=design 图案；花样
Peak; maximum ;top 最大值
Peculiar ;unusual；strange 独特的；奇怪的Penchant; inclination 倾向；嗜好
Penetrate ；go through; pierce 穿透
Peril；danger 危险
Period；era；time 时期；时代Periodically；regularly；定期地
Periphery；edge；outer edge 外缘
Permanent；everlasting；永久的
Permeat; penetrate; spread through 渗透；弥漫Perpetuate；maintain；continue 维持；持续存在Perplex；puzzle 使困惑
Persevere；continue 坚持；持续
Persist；continue坚持；持续
Persistent；enduring 坚持的；持续的
Perspective；viewpoint；point of view 观点Persuasively；convincingly；令人信服地；有说服力的Pertinent；relevant 相关的
Pervade；permeate 渗透
Pervasive；widespread；普遍的
Pessimistic；negative 悲观的；负面的
Phenomenon；occurrence；event；fact 现象；事件；事实Pick up；follow 跟踪
Picture；imagine；想象
Pinpoint；identify precisely；locate exactly 确定；精准定位Pioneer；initiate；开创；开始
Pioneer；leader；innovator 领袖；创新者
Pit；hole 洞
Place；deposit放置；沉积
Plausible；believable；credible 可信的
Plot；area 一小块（土地）；面积
Plug；fill up塞住；填满
Plunge；drop 落下
Ponderous；heavy 落下
Pore；hole 洞；孔
Pose；present 构成
Position；job；职位
Postulate；hypothesize；suggest 假定；表明
Potent；powerful有力的
Potential；possible有可能的
Practical；usable 实际的；可用的
Practically;nearly；almost几乎；差不多
Pragmatic；practical 实用的；实际的
Precarious；uncertain不确定的
Precede；come before 先于…到来
Precious；valuable宝贵的
Precise；accurate；exact 准确的
Precision；accuracy 精确；准确
Prediction；expectation 预测；预期
Predominant；principal 主要的
Preeminent；important 杰出的；重要的
Prefer；favor；喜欢
Preponderance；majority（数量上的）优势，大多数Preposterous ；unbelievable 令人难以置信的Prerequisite；requirement 要求；先决条件
Preserve；protect from destruction 保存；收到保护Preside over；manage 主持；管理
Prestige；status 威望；地位
Prestigious；highly regarded；distinguished 享有声望的Presumably；probably；supposedly大概；可能
Prevail；dominate 流行；占主导地位
Prevailing；most frequent；dominant 最常见的；主导的Prevalent；widespread 流行的；广泛的
Primarily；chiefly 主要地
Prime；principal；main主要的
Primitive；undeveloped 未开发的
Principal；main；major 主要的
Prior to；before；preceding 在…之前
Pristine；pure清新的；淳朴的
Prize；value 重视
Probe；explore 调查；探索
Profound；far-reaching；deep 深远的；深刻的Progressive；increasing进步的；渐增的
Progressively；increasingly；gradually 渐增地；逐渐地Project；estimate 推测；估计
Proliferation；increase；growth 增长；增加
Prolific；fruitful；productive 多产的
Prolong；extend 延长
Prolonged;lengthy 持续很久的；拖延的
Prominent；leading；distinguished；eminent 突出的；杰出的Prominent；noticeable 显著的
Promote；encourage 鼓励；促进
Promptly；quickly 讯速地
Prone；likely 倾向于…的
Pronounced ；clear；definite；notable明显的；显著的Propagate；reproduce；multiply繁殖；大量增加
Propel；push推进；推动
Property；characteristic 特点
Proponent；supporter支持者
Propose；suggest 建议
Propulsion；moving forward 推进；向前移动
Prospect；possibility 可能性
Prosper；flourish 繁荣；成功
Provide；supply 提供
Provided that；as long as 只要
Provision；supply 供给
Provoke；bring about；引起；激起
Proxy；substitute 代替
Pry off；remove 撬开；取出
Pursue;chase 追求
Q Quantifiable;measurable 可以量化的；可以测量的
R Radically；extremely极端地
Random；chance；unpredictable 随机的；不可预测的Range；vary；变化；变动
Rapidity；swiftness 迅速
Rare；infrequent；不经常的
Rate；judge评判
Rather；instead相反
Rather than；instead of而不是
Rational；sensible；logical理性的
Raw；unprocessed 生的；未加工的
Readily；easily 容易地
Realization；awareness；recognition 认识；意识Realm；area 领域
Rear；raise培养
Reasonable；sufficient 合理的；足够的
Rebound；recovery 恢复；反弹
Receptive to；ready for 乐于…的
Reconcile；compromise 调和
Record；document 记录
Refine；improve 改善
Refreshing；unusual；清新的；不寻常的
Regard；consider 认为
Regardless of；no matter what；in spite of无论；尽管Regulate；control控制
Relatively；comparatively 比较而言；相对地Release；emit释放
Relevant；applicable 相关的；适用的
Relics；remains 残余；残骸
Reluctant；unwilling 不情愿的
Rely；depend依赖
Remarkable；extraordinary非凡的
Remedy；cure 治疗方案
Remnant；residue；remains残留物
Remote；difficult toreach遥远的
Render；make 使得
Renowned；famous有名的
Replenish；refill；restore重新装满；恢复
Replete with；full of充满…的
Representative；typical典型的
Repudiate；reject 驳斥
Resemble；look like；appear similar to
Resolve;find a solution for;解决
Respectively；separately 分别地
Response；reaction；反应
Restrict；limit 限制
Resume；begin again；restart重新开始
Resurgence；comeback 复苏；再现
Retain；maintain；keep 保持
Retract；pull back 缩回
Retrieve；recover找回
Retrospect；look back 回顾
Reveal；show揭示；表明
Revere；respect 尊敬；尊重
Revert；return 返回
Revise；change改变
Revitalize；bring new life to 复兴；使获得新生
Revolutionize；dramatically change 彻底改变
Rice-deficient portions；the parts that do not have enough rice 稻米供应不足的地方Rigidly；strictly 严格地
Ritual；ceremonial 仪式的
Rival；competing竞争的
Robust；strong 强壮的
Roll back; reduce 降低；减少
Rot；decay；腐烂；腐败
Rotate；turn；旋转
Roughly；approximately；almost；大概；大约
Rudiment；basis；基础
Rudimentary；basic；基本的
Rupture；burst；爆裂
Rural；agricultural；乡村的
S
Sample；example；样本；例子
Sanitation；health；卫生
Satisfy；fulfill；满足
Save；except；除…之外
Scale；climb；攀登
Scarce；rare；limited ；稀有的；有限的
Scatter；diffuse；disperse；分散
Scenario；situation；情景
Scented；fragrant；有气味的；芳香的
Scheme；proposal 计划；方案。