秦荻辉_科技英语习题以与答案

练习1
I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置：
1. In this case the current （电流）exists for only half the cycle （周期）
2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit （电路）
3. Sensitivity （灵敏度）is a measure of how small a signal （信号）a receiver（接收机）can pick up and amplify （放大）to a level useful for com muni cati ons.
4. emay be as small a positive con sta nt as you please.
5. Even so fundamental a dimension（量纲）as time was measured extremely crudely with sand and water clocks hundreds of years ago.
6. Nonlinear distortion （非线性失真）can be caused by too large an input signal.
7. The method used is quite an effective one.
8. A series （级数）solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed.
II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中" and”和"or”的确切含义：
1. Air has weight and occupies space.
2. In this way less collector dissipation （集电极功耗）results, and the efficiency increases.
3. We can go one step farther and take into account the nonzero slope of the actual curves.
4. Try hard, and you will work the nut （螺母）loose.
5. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.
6. This satellite was used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.
7. Some physical quantities require only a magnitude and a unit to be completely specified. Thus it is sufficient to say that the mass of a man is 85 kg, that the area of a farm is 160 acres, that the frequency of a sound wave is 660 cycles/sec, and that a light bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 100 watts.
8. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can be used to generate electricity.
9. The current in a capacitor （电容器）leads （导前）the voltage by 90o, or, the voltage lags the current by 90o.
10. The message is a logical unit of user data, control data, or both.
III 、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法：
1. By varying V BE only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current （基极电流）can be changed significantly.
2. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.
3. Cromatographic （层析的）techniques have been developed to detect air pollutants at concentrations （浓度）of one part per million or less.
4. The volume coefficient （体膨胀系数）of a solid is almost exactly three times its linear coefficient.
5. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.
6. The wavele ngth of this musical n ote （音符）is
7.8 ft, over three times Ion ger tha n the
wavelength of the same note in air （2.5 ft）.
7. This causes the collector current （集电极电流）to change by a factor of approximately 3
8. This factor （因子）is now equal to 9, a reduction by a factor of 11.
IV、将下列句子译成英语：
1、火箭是由金属制成的。

2、电池是能提供（give）恒定电压（constant voltage）的一种器件（device）。

3、这是一台多好的计算机啊！
4、在计算机中，趋势（te nde ncy）是以尽可能高的时钟速率（clock rate）运作（operate）。

5、必须使物体运动，要不然就没有做功（work ）。

6、这条铁路比那条长五倍。

7、普通的窗户经受（withstand）不了如此（so）大的力。

8、这个值（value）是原来的1/3。

9、这是一个太复杂的问题以至于我们在此不加讨论（go into ）。

10、解这个题要花费计算机半个小时（的时间）。

V、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语：
1. A 80-lb force must be used here.
2. This is a too large a sig nal.
3. Digital transmission （数字式传输）does not need to have as a high S/N ratio （信噪比）as analog （模拟）transmission.
4. To un dersta nd physics, good kno wledge of mathematics is n ecessary.
5. This is a so sen sitive in strume nt that it can measure slight cha nge in pressure.
练习2
I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明句中划有横线的介词短语的语法功能：
1. One of the most valuable ways of representing functions is by graphical representation （B 示法）.
2. A number of conditions are classified as 6ccupational diseases （职业病）.”
3. Engin eers may find the book of great value.
4. If you let your pen cil drop to the floor, you can see gravity in actio n.
5. In this case the failure point （失效点）corresponds to a factor of safety of 1.
6. The topic of trouble-shooting （故障检修）will be discussed in Chapter 9.
7. Typical noise margins （噪声裕度）are usually better than the guaranteed value by about 75 mV.
8. Upon the application of an external force, we can cause the body to move.
9. We measure resista nee （电阻）in ohms.
10. Direct current （直流电）flows only in one direction.
11. We can use this device to measure a slight cha nge in pressure.
12. The history of two-way radfio com mun icati ons in some ways parallels the developme nt of
commercial radio broadcasti ng.
II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明划有横线的动词的类别：
1. When an electric curre nt flows through a wire, the wire will get hot.
2. That statement （述）sounds natural.
3. The water in the middle pipe will stand lower and thus in dicates a lower pressure.
4. It takes a body （物体）precisely as long to fall from a height h as it does to rise that high.
5. We cannot exaggerate the dan ger of attempt ing a short circuit directly across a voltage source.
III、将下列句子译成汉语，并注意划有横线的副词或副词短语的语法功能：
1. At this time the pulse （脉冲）is over.
2. The two equatio ns below are of great importa nee.
3. In gen eral, we can say, for any body any where, weight = mass x accelerati on （加速度）due to gravity （重力）.
4. The temperatures on Jupiter （木星）and the planets beyond are extremely low.
5. The problem now is to determine the resultant （合力）of these forces.
6. With great telescopes astr ono mers can see stars and other thin gs very far away.
7. The force between two charges （电荷）of 1 coul （库仑）each a distanee of 1 m apart is 9 x 109N （牛顿）.
8. It all begin with the development 30 years ago of the transistor （晶体管）
IV、将下列句子译成英语：
1、我们非常容易地获得了这个结果。

（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示）
2、常用的仪器有许多。

（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示）
3、人们用牛顿（newton）为单位来度量各种力。

（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示）
4、重力（gravity）这一概念将在下一节介绍。

5、在这新的三章中，第一章介绍核能（nuclear energy）。

6、这两个值相差5。

7、这种新设备与那些旧设备相比有许多优点。

8、我们需要解这些方程把那些未知数（unknown）求出来。

9、在日常生活中，力似乎是仅仅靠"直接接触”来传递（transmit）的。

10、这个结果看起来是正确的。

11、这一点无论怎样强调也不过分。

12、它们相隔的距离是很小的。

V、改正以下句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语：
1. Curren t is measured with amperes.
2. In this case the wheel will rotate for 360 o.
3. Compared with that algorithm, the algorithm presented in this paper （论文）has two adva ntages.
4. These are the sufficie nt and n ecessary con diti ons to the equati on above.
5. These parameters must maintain constant during transformation （变换）
6. There seems to be three forces acting on the body.
练习3
I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的形容词或形容词短语的语法功能：
1. The energy contained in the pulse （脉冲）is this efficiency times the maximum attainable.
2. This measure is the key for the extremely low dc power （直流功率）achievable.
3. Everythi ng electronic will be done digitally.
4. A rope transmits tension （力）from one point to another unchanged.
5. Even if a student can follow every line of example in this book, that doesn 'mean that he or she can solve problems unaided.
6. Their electrical and magnetic properties, often paramount, are discussed in Chapters 14 and 15.
7. These forces act on the electr ons able to move freely within the wire.
8. A method of timi ng （定时）accurate to milli on ths of a sec ond is n ecessary.
9. The huma n body is made up of coun tless structures both large and small.
10. The acceleration （加速度）due to gravity （重力）is essentially constant.
11. Diffract ion （绕射）and in terfere nee （干涉）are phe nomena characteristic of waves.
12. A surface so smooth that any irregularities （不平度）in it are small relative to the wavelen gth of the light falli ng upon it behaves differe ntly.
13. There are many problems, both tech no logical and finan cial, that remai n to be solved.
14. Gravitation （万有弓丨力）is in every object, large or small.
15. Yet there are connections, neither series （串联的）nor parallel, for which the above-me nti oned phe nomenon occurs.
16. Subject to certain generalizations （通则）which will be described later on, Coulom 'law in the form given above is restricted to point charges （点电荷）
17. Due to the n ature of the defi niti on of the radia n （弧度）,it is even comm on to express radians in terms of n .
18. An alogous to the eyelid, the camera shutter （快门）ope ns for a predeterm ined len gth of time to allow the rays to enter through the lens and expose the film.
19. Both m and n are therefore even （偶数的），contrary to our choice of m and n.
20. The force acts perpen dicular to the surface of the earth.
II、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用形容词（短语）来表示：
1、这个信息量（quan tity of in formation ）近似地正比于可用的频率围（ran ge）。

2、现有的化学教科书均提到了这一现象。

3、在一个正常的（normal ）原子中，质子（proton）数等于存在的电子数。

4、在这篇论文（paper）中没有什么特别的容。

5、在这种情况下，信号波形（signal waveform ）能无失真地被传输（transmit ）。

6、太阳的光线（ray）几乎是平行地到达地球的。

7、这是一个大于1的正数。

8、这样的数列（sequenc®必定有一个极限（limit ），或是有限的（finite ），或是无限的（infin ite ）。

9、这方法能用来处理（han die）太复杂了以至于无法用目测法（by in spect ion ）来解的问题。

10、一切系统，不论是牛物的（living ）还是机械的，者E是信息和反馈控制系统。

11、由于结构简单、价格低廉，这'种机器深受用户青睐。

12、与普通的观念（com mon belief）相反，戈登（Gordon）博士并不是第一个使用该金属的人。

13、该球在平行于桌面运动。

14、这电路（circuit）工作起来类似于一个计数器（counter）。

15、这是一根长为5米的直线（straight line ）。

练习4
I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的物主代词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系：
1. Each structure of the body （人体）is in direct communication with the brain by means of its_ own set of teleph one wires, called n erves.
2. When food en ters the stomach, its prese nee stimulates n erves, sending sig nals to cen ters in the brai n.
3. Light is n eeded by the gree n pla nts to make them gree n and they cannot survive for long in its absenee.
4. This dip （倾斜）is referred to as the Lamp dip, ” after W. E. Lamp, who predicted its_ occurre nee on theoretical groun ds.
5. Physics is the most qua ntitative of the scie nces, and we must become accustomed to its_
in siste nee upon accurate measureme nts and precise relati on ships if we are to appreciate its results.
6. Thus far our discussi on of the prin ciples of mecha nics has bee n concerned primarily with particles.
7. Our analysis of the various gate families （门电路系歹U）will be made in the next chapter.
8. From its_ defi niti on as cha nge in velocity divided by elapsed time, radial accelerati on （径向力口速度）is expressed in m/sec2 or cm/sec2.
9. Si nee tran sformers are large, heavy, and expe nsive, their elim in ati on from the circuit （电路）results in con siderable savi ngs.
10. Each of these types of mechanical drives （传动装置）has specific features that often dictates its selection in a particular situation.
II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的代词代替了什么东西：
1. By the most efficient ” algorithm one normally means the fastest.
2. Televisi on, it is ofte n said, keeps one in formed about curre nt affairs.
3. The term strain ”（应变）is a geometrical one.
4. The angle 0 between^ and the horizontal （水平线）is the same as thatbetween either half of the rope and the horiz on tal.
5. The design of the R i -R2 bias（偏压）network for the emitter follower （射极跟随器）parallels that for the common-emitter amplifier （共发射极放大器）
6. Where there is too much of it, the pois onous waste may do great harm to the things around
us.
7. Although they follow the same basic pattern described above, televisi on receivers will be dealt with separately.
8. Although it_is probably not the whole story, one effect of the hydroge n gas is to in crease the resistancece （电阻）between the electrode （电极）and the solution （溶液），increasing the inernal resista nee of the cell （电池）
III、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用名词短语来表示：
1、这些新设备与旧的相比的优点之一是它们____
2、由于其极为重要，这个电路（circuit）将在后面详细讨论。

3、这「些球会很快停下来是由于它们与地面（grou nd）相互作用（in teraction ）的缘故。

4、我们对这个容（topic）的讨论将在下一章进行。

5、负反馈（negative feedback）是电子学（electronics）中的一项重要技术，对它的论述（description ）将推迟（defer）到最后一章。

6、水的密度（density）比冰的高。

7、所谓效率，人们指的是输出与输入之比。

8、月亮离我们最近，这就是为什么它看起来很大的原因。

9、这些结果与实验结果相吻合（be in agreement with）。

10、这些计算机与我们实验室里的类同。

练习5
I、将下列句子译成汉语：
19
1. Such a glass rod the same size as the 1-Q copper wire would have resista nee of 10 Q.
2. Standard chains are made in width approximately 1.5 to 12 times the pitch （齿距）
3. The no des （节点）are spaced a half-wavele ngth apart.
4. This is a microprocessor con trolled com muni cati ons system.
5. To reduce the skin effect （集肤效应），silver plate （涂敷）the con ductor （导体）.
6. Small tran sistorized equipme nt is ofte n battery powered.
7. Tran sistors are temperature sen sitive.
8. By calculati ng torques （力矩）about the inner end of the beam （柱子），we elim in ate F x and F y, a convenient simplificati on.
9. Upon making use of this equatio n, the exact freque ncies found in the hydroge n spectrum are obta ined ----- a remarkable achieveme nt.
10. The air pressure in an automobile tire drops in cold weather and in creases in warm weather, an illustrati on of the above property.
11. The in depe ndent particle model of the nu cleus is able to expla in the origi n of these magic nu mbers, a stro ng point in its favor.
12. When the applied force is less than F, the frictional force always equals the applied force. Otherwise, since F acts in the opposite direct ion to an applied force, objects would move backward whe n pushed weakly, somethi ng that does not, of course, occur.
13. At extremely low temperatures, n ear absolute zero, some con ductors lose the last vestige （一点点）of resista nee, a phe nomenon referred to as superc on ductivity （超导性）
14. One of the prin cipal applicati ons of the diode （二极管）is in the product ion of a dc voltage from an ac supply （交流电源），a process called rectification （整流）.
15. The gain of electrons by an atom leads to the formation of a negative ion （离子）
16. This in troducti on requires some exposure to logic desig n prin ciples, electr on ics, and program ming.
17. The removal of eno ugh heat from water may cha nge it into ice.
18. The conversion of electrical energy to heat in a resistor （电阻器）is an irreversible process.
19. This depe ndence of wave en ergy on A2 is true for waves of all kin ds.
20. To establish the variation of the force with distanee, we could use an arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 21-5.
21. The revoluti on of the earth around the sun causes the cha nges of the seas ons.
22. It is importa nt to recog nize the in flue nce of the physical sett ing on creativity.
23. The ratio of charge （电荷）to potential （电位）is called the capacitanee （电容）of the body.
24. The n eed of a pla nt for water, soil and sunshine has to be obta ined from its en vir onment.
25. For clarity, the effect of gravitation on the ball ' motion is omitted from Fig. 8-2.
II、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用名词（短语）来表示：
1、这是不为零的任意常数（constant）。

2、有一天，像我们太阳那么大小的小星星会变成白矮星（white dwarf star ）。

3、矢量（vector）A 具有n倍矢量B的数值（magnitude）。

4、R AM 硬盘（disk）的容（con te nts）完全是由用户控制的。

5、所有这些量是取决于频率的。

6、这些设备已由工厂精确地校准（calibrate）过了。

7、在这种情况下，磁显示器（magnetic display ）往往变得在显示方面受限制（limit）了。

8、这台仪器在相位（phase上跟踪（track）由电压（voltage）控制的振荡器（oscillator ）。

9、炉子（stove）主要是通过受热空气的实际运动来暖和（warm）房间的，这一过程称为对流（convection）。

10、这时，我们只需关心（be concerned with）叫出（name）无机化合物（inorganiccompound ）的名称来，这一任务比较简单。

11、在这种情况下，任何介质材料（dielectric material ）就会变成导体（con ductor），这一现象称为介质击穿（dielectric breakdown ）。

12、我们假定（assume）电子速度并不太接近于（close to）光速，这一要求（requirement）
我们将在第四章讨论。

13、这些测量必须在许多频率上进行（make），这任务是颇为耗时（time-consuming ）和烦人的（tedious）。

14、物质对于电流流动的阻力（resista nee）受到好几个因素的影响。

15、这方法与例2的方法相比有一个优点。

16、连续地（continued）使眼睛暴露（exposure）于强光（light of great intensity ）会引起（cause）视力的丧失（loss of sight）。

17、周长（circumferenee）与半径（radius）之比为2 n。

18、图1-5画出了向心力（centripetal）F c对这些因素的依从关系（dependenc©。

19、速度随时间的变化（情况）示于图6-6中。

20、通过加热把冰转变（con version）成水、把水转变成水蒸汽（water vapor ）是物质状态变
化的一个例证（illustration ）。

III、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语：
1. The comparison of radio waves to water waves is made in this section.
2. In order to apply these laws of motion, we must take into detailed account all the various forces act ing in a give n situati on at any point in the path of a moving body, usually the difficult and complicated procedure.
3. We may see the action （作用）of the acid （酸）at glass.
4. The choice of In C for the con sta nt of in tegrati on （积分常数）is reason able.
5. Con ductors permit the passage of charge in them.
6. AC can be changed into DC, this process is referred to as rectification （整流）
7. The additi on （加）of impurities （杂质）on semic on ductors will make the con ductivity （导电率）cha nge greatly.
8. Con trol engin eers are usually in terested in the resp onse of a con trol system toward these functions （函数）
练习6
I、把下列句子译成汉语：
1. The word radar comes from Radio Detection （探测）And Ranging （测距）
2. Arithmetic, the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics.
3. The quiescent dc power dissipation （静态直流功耗）in this case is typically 5 nW, an extremely small figure.
4. Now define an ideal radiator （辐射体）as a “black”body, one that absorbs all incident radiation （入射辐射）and reflects and transmits none of it.
5. The above analysis describes the steady-state condition of a circuit, the condition that prevails after the circuit has been connected to the source （电源）for a long time.
6. Five sensing channel（s 感官渠道）, sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, feeds inputs to the brain.
7. An American, Edison, invented the first electric lamp.
8. This chapter examines the properties of an important nonlinear （非线性的）device, the diode rectifier （二极管整流器）.
9. Two or more elements may combine chemically to form a compound, a new substance whose properties are different from those of the elements that compose it.
10. In this chapter, the process of measurement, the most fundamental operation in physics, is discussed briefly.
11. An instrument for measuring electric resistance, the ommeter （欧姆表）is widely used in electrical engineering.
12. An electroacoustic tran sducer （电声传感器），the loudspeaker （扬声器）con verts audio-frequency power into acoustic power.
13. A portion of the output is returned to the input terminals， a condition referred to as voltage feedback.
14. The resista nee of a wire is in directly proporti onal to the cross section （横截面），a fact that was verified experimentally by Ohm.
15. More important， we see how to use the Fourier transform to describe and analyze systems and circuits.
16. What， you may wonder， does 54/74 stand for?
17. The Special Revision Units， it is hoped， constitute a valuable aid in the task of consolidation （巩固）.
18. A Boolean variable （布尔变量），say A, can take on （呈现）only two values.
19. The curre nt in an in ductor （电感器）lags （滞后）the voltage by 90°or, what is the same thing, the voltage leads （导前）the current 90o.
20. This we know does not have a defined value （限定值），since r > 1.
21. Electrical inventors who followed Edison did not have to experiment with the substances which, he had found, would not work.
22. We could apply these two vectors （矢量），which it will be noticed are in polar form （极坐标形式）, to any network characteristic （特性）.
II 、将下列句子译成英语：
1、在该球的整个运动（motion）期间，使照相机快门（camera shutter）打开着。

2、为方便起见，一物体的惯性质量（inertial mass）和重力质量（gravitational mass）习惯地（customarily）设定（set）为相等的。

3、我们已知（be given）该速度是恒定的。

4、输入电流的典型值为10皮安（pA），这个值（amount）是足够小的以至于在许多情况下可以忽略不计（ignore ）。

5、式（6-3）要求m用“磅-秒2/英尺”（lb-sec2/ft）来度量，这个单位称为斯勒格（slug）。

6、该阻抗（impedanee）的实部（real part）R是频率的函数。

7、电流这个术语指的是（refer to）电荷（charge）的流动。

8、转移（branching）是编程的一个普通特点（feature），它将在后面详细加以描述。

9、我们发现和数（sum）S为0816,这个数小于1000。

10、用来限定（define）标准时间间隔（interval）的钟是铯种（cesium clock），它是一种大型、复杂而昂贵的实验室仪表。

11、氧气太多会使该铁氧化（oxidize ），这一反应（reaction）我们是不想要的。

12、在这种情况下, I 不随V 变化,这一点我们认为是很重要的。

练习7
I、将下列句子译成汉语：
1. What properties of motion can we measure to help us describe the behavior of a moving body?
2. The velocity does not increase during all time intervals.
3. All the data are not to be checked.
4. It does not appear that this value satisfies the equation.
5. The centerline of the chain （链条）is not at a uniform radius, as is the centerline of a belt passing around a pulley （滑轮）
6. This relation （关系式）refers to a specific piece of material, not to a general property of the material as with Eq. （2-6）.
7. The HIGH-level （高电平）output voltages for both OR （“或”门）and NOR （“或非”门）are between —0.81 and —0.96 V rather than —0.8 V, as predicted by Eq. （2 -9）.
8. For ac signals the collector-emitter circuit impedance （集电极-发射极电路的阻抗）is not R
L+ R e e, as in Sec. 2.3, but simply R L.
9. No simple electric component acts as a current source （电流源）the way a battery acts as a
voltage source.
10. In this case the diode characteristic （二极管特性曲线）does not appear to be exponential （指数的）.
11. These meters （仪表）characterize the unknown impeda nee （未知阻抗）completely, in
stead of giving just one component （分量）as do the previously described instruments.
12. These functions （函数）are not limited in the values they take on, as are the sine and cosine functions.
13. None of the existing general-purpose operating systems can do that.
14. One of these two circuits may be reasonably accurate over a reasonable frequency range,
but both cannot be.
15. A general-purpose programming language cannot be perfect for all of the many tasks to which
it is put.
16. Once this balance is achieved, the digital-to-analog converter ( 数模转换器) is not rese(t 复位) to zero as in the above technique.
17. In this case neither transistor (晶体管) saturates (饱和).
18. These two signals can never both be TRUE (真) at the same time.
II 、将下列句子译成英语：
1、在这种条件下，该钢柱(steel column)被缩短(shorten)多少？
2、为什么卫星不会掉下落到地球上呢？
3、静电荷(statio nary electric charge)根本不会与磁铁(mag net)相互作用 (i nteract)的。

4、对于x 和t 的所有值来说，并非都能满足 ( satisfy )式( 5-18)。

5、现有的教科书均没有提到这一现象。

6、这两台机器都不令人满意。

7、这台仪器似乎不如那台好。

8、导体(con ductor)的电阻(resista nee)对于交流电(alternati ng curre nt)来说并不像它对于
直流电 ( direct current )那样是恒定的 ( constant)。

9、这个数字(figure)表明光速并不像许多人那时相信的那样是无限的(infinite )。

10、这些规则并非都适用于 (be valid for )各类电路。

练习8
I、将下列句子译成英语，注意句中的时态：
1. These resistors （电阻器）and the supply voltage （电源电压）are to be chosen so that the
transistor （晶体管）operates linearly （线性地）.
2. When we learn about the kind of research that is going on in the sciences today, we will be
getting some insight into things that will be affecting our lives in the future.
3. How many radians（弧度）will the shaft（转轴）of the motor have turned through in 1/2 min?
4. The sun is constantly emitting light and heat.
5. When the Russians are organizing chess touraments on Venus, when Americans open the first MacDonald 's on the moon, and the Chinese are playing ping-pong against the Martians, the earthbound Londoners will eye them suspiciously through their telescopes.
6. We have for simplicity been speeking of the current in a conductor as if all of the free electrons moved with the same constant velocity.
7. This formula applies to sideways waves （侧波）of the sort we have been describing.
8. In Chapter 2 when we were discussing functions we considered many functions of this type.
9. This quantity is the energy acquired by the stone as a result of the work （功）we did on it.
10. The first motorcycle built had an engine that developed 0.5 hp （马力）at 700 rpm （每分钟
转数）.
11. By now, many people have been using C++ for a decade.
12. A boat is to cross a river on a course directed 20.0o upstream to a dock 815 m distance in 10.0 min.
13. Increasingly, nowadays, scientists are using a different unit, the joule.
14. Fig. 6 -1 shows the drop in frictional force when the box has begun to move.
15. Chemists, by methods which we will consider shortly, have isolated many thousands of pure substances.
16. In the chapter on the j- operator （算子）, we shall be using imajinary numbers （虚数）.
17. We do not know explicitly what forces were acting during the explosion.
18. With the exception of the operational amplifiers （运算放大器）, we have been dealing with two-terminal circuit elements.
19. In doing so, we are combining quantities which are alike.
20. When the point under consideration reaches q, the angular velocity will have increased to a larger value w.
21. The input may change before the output has settled to its proper value.
22. In this section we shall introduce some basic terminology.
23. Microelectronics is creating a so-called “electronic revolution. ”
24. Having studued this chapter, students will have learned the principles of radio receivers.
25. Assume that TTL gates （门电路）are being used.
II 、将下列句子译成英语：
1 、近几年来他们一直在开发一种新产品。

2、我们已在第一章简要地讨论过这个问题了。

3、那架飞机正在装配（assemble）中。

4、这位教授当院士（academician）已有十年多了。

5、到今年年底，这些工程师在该研究所已工作20 年了。

6、世界总是在变化着。

7、到目前为止，我们只关心（be concerned with）质点（particle）的运动（motion ）。

8、这是他们第一次开发这种新的计算机。

9、几年前NASA 说他们将建立一座太空工厂。

10、那位主任医师（chief physician ）告诉我们，他的研究小组已发现了一种新的病毒
（virus ）。

III 、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语：
1. This concept has been described in the previous section.
2. Those researchers made many experiments on the properties of this new material these years.
3. By the end of last year, quite a few big ocean-going ships were built in Shanghai.
4. The year 2004 has seen a great advance in information technology in China.
5. Having studied this book, the reader will learn the fundamentals of digital computers.
6. The engineer told us that he developed a new kind of software.
练习9
I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中被动语态的各种情况：
1. By the beginning of last century a substantial body of evidence had been accumulated in support of the idea that the chemical elements consist of atoms.
2. In 1858, Darwin （达尔文）was sent a scientific paper by a man called Alfred Wallace.
3. In actuality, the reader will be spared a lot of grief if he or she never attempts a short circuit
（短路）directly across a voltage source （电压源）in a laboratory or field （野外）situation either.
4. Until recently, scientists were quite convinced that there wasn 'ta fifth force.
5. The protective resistance should be made use of in the usual way.
6. In this case the work done is accounted for by an increase in potential energy （位能）.
7. Actually, this result could have been arrived at intuitively （直观地）.
8. The energy that is stored in the in ductor （电感器）and capacitor （电容器）even tually gets dissipated by the resistor.
9. The air throughout a room becomes heated by convection currents （对流的气流）.
10. The first group of semiconductor circuits developed to perform the basic digital functions
（功能）became known as Resistor-Transistor Logic （电阻-晶体管逻辑电路）.
11. Any process that subsequently sends a message to this mailbox must be notified that the mailbox no longer exists.
12. Theoretical analysis and design of servo systems（伺服系统）will not be directly dealt with.
13. These regulations （规章制度）must be adhered to in the performance and use of radio equipment in the United States.
14. For this purpose, use is made of the difference between these two values.
15. Square wave （方波）testing first became widely used in the testing of video amplifiers （视频放大器）.
16. Overload （过载）must be guarded against.
17. Some C++ no vices （新手）get irritated by the ambiguity reported by the compiler （编译程序）.
18. At this point, a tran sport en tity （传递机构）is in formed that its n etwork connection has bee n abruptly terminated.
II 、将下列句子译成英语：
1 、应该充分利用现有的计算机。

（要求使用短语动词“ make use of”）
2、给每一点赋予（assign）—个数。

3、现在我们被告知I 正比于V 。

4、第五章将讨论非线性方程（nonlinear euation ）。

（要求使用被动句）
5、这块石头正受到三个力的作用（act on）。

6、读者可能不相信这是真的。

（要求使用动词“ convince”）
III 、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语：
1. This device is mainly consisted of five parts.
2. We must make use of our spare time in a good way.
3. All the existed physics textbooks have mentioned this concept.
4. Use was not made of this given quantity in solving the problem.
5. This point must be paid attention.
练习10
I、将下列句子译成汉语：
1. Blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light does.
2. This meter （仪表）weighs slightly more than 13 kilograms.
3. A set of rules enables us to calculate slopes （斜率）far more easily.
4. Brass expands considerably more than zinc when heated.
5. There are a great many more compounds （化合物）than elements.
6. This circuit requires many more components （元件）than the circuit shown on page 3.
7. The applications of computers are ever wider.
8. These organizations are becoming more influential as more people recognize the value of standards.
9. The darker the color, the less light is reflected and the more light is absorbed.
10. The greater the quantity of impurities （杂质）added, the higher will the conductivity （导电率）of the semiconductor be.
11. The closer the upper pulleys （滑轮）are in size and the larger they are, the greater will be the mechanical advantahge （机械效益）of the chain hoist （链式起重机）.
12. Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the farther down we dig.
13. The error in this approximation will be smaller the shorter the distance between the two ordinates （纵坐标）AB and CD.
14. These inherent limitations on maximum power are more severe the shorter the wavelength.
15. This wide disparity （差异）between input and output resistance makes the grounded base circuit （共基极电路）less popular than the common-emitter amplifier （共发射极放大器）.
16. The most commonly used of these prefixes （前缀）are kilo, centi, and milli.
17. “Information ”may be as much a part of the physical universe as matter and energy.
18. Any molecule has as much chance of losing energy in a collision with a nearby molecule as it has of gaining energy.
19. Measuring anything means comparing it with some standard to see how many times as big it。