高考英语_构词法

第9讲构词法
[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律
授课提示：对应学生用书第29页
英语中构词法主要可以分为派生法、转化法和合成法。

高考语法填空和短文改错对构词法的考查主要体现在派生词上。

在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。

加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的叫作后缀。

【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
2．He encouraged (courage) me to be a writer (write) in the future.
3．In the past few years, Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in case of a power failure (fail)．
4．(2018·银川一中模拟)It is natural (nature) that young people are often uncomfortable_ (comfort) when they are with their parents.
5．(2018·玉溪一中模拟)Today's experience taught me some valuable (value) lessons in my life.
6．I love children very much because I always feel that they bring great happiness (happy) and excitement (excite) to my life.
7．I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time, because there are more meaningful (meaning) things to do.
8．What points can be raised in defence (defend) of this argument (argue)?
【考点练悟】
(单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)
1. To my happy, she could cook some delicious food for me.
，she could cook some delicious food for me.
答案：To my happy
happiness
2．I am so luck to have some friends who share the same interest with me.
to have some friends who share the same interest with me.
答案：I am so luck
lucky
3．As we know, challenge as it was, it was very benefit to us.
to us.
答案：As we know, challenge as it was, it was very benefit
beneficial
4．It reflected their lack of concern for the safe of both others and themselves.
答案：It reflected their lack of concern for the safe
of both others and themselves.
safety
5．Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again.
look showed that she failed the exam again.
答案：Her disappointing
disappointed
6．We're living in a world where we can never stress the important of sharing too much.
of sharing too 答案：We're living in a world where we can never stress the important
importance
much.
[规律总结]
(一)前缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
(二)后缀1．形容词后缀
2.名词后缀
(1)表示“人”的名词后缀
(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀
[刷题组·题型突破]即时演练巩固复习成果
授课提示：对应学生用书第31页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·银川一中模拟)Thankfully (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
2．(2018·南昌市十所省重点中学模拟)The sightseeing options are endless (end), but most travelers begin on the harbor at the Sydney Opera House.
3．(2018·山东省高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successful (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.
4．Only in this way can they grow up to be independent (depend) and become truly successful (success)．
5．My first impression (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful (thought) young man.
6．A group of robbers entered the building using equipment (equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Sunday night.
7．Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the disadvantages (advantage) in finding jobs.
8．News of the robberies frightened (fright) many people into fitting new locks to their doors.
9．The high school boys love playing basketball, and it is a useful (use) way to release their study pressure (press)．
10．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver (drive), should be equally (equal) respected.
Ⅱ.单句改错(请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)
1．They dived deep into the forest and felt deep frightened.
frightened.
答案：They dived deep into the forest and felt deep
deeply
2．She looked anxious. It seems that she has been involved in proper business deals.
business deals.
答案：She looked anxious. It seems that she has been involved in proper
improper 3．Personal, I don't like him at all, but it's strange that he should be so popular among the kids.
，I don't like him at all, but it's strange that he should be so popular among 答案：Personal
Personally
the kids.
4．I wasn't blaming anyone; I mere said errors like this could be avoided.
答案：I wasn't blaming anyone; I mere
said errors like this could be avoided.
merely
5．The five-years-old boy can sing the song very well.
boy can sing the song very well.
答案：The five-years-old
five-year-old
6．In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks friend to people greeting him.
to people greeting him.
答案：In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks friend
friendly
7．I must be getting fat—I can hard do my trousers up.
do my trousers up.
答案：I must be getting fat—I can hard
hardly
8．Australia is an English-spoken country.
答案：Australia is an English-spoken
country.
English-speaking
9．We apologized for any convenience caused by the delay.
caused by the delay.
答案：We apologized for any convenience
inconvenience
10．People with disabilities are now doing many things to rich their lives.
their lives.
答案：People with disabilities are now doing many things to rich
enrich
Ⅲ.语法填空
Most students do an IQ test early in their school career. Even if they never see their results，they feel that their IQ is 1.____________ determines how well they are going to do in life. When they see other 2.____________ (student) doing better than them，they usually believe that those students have a 3.____________ (high) IQ and that there is nothing they can do
4.____________ (change) facts. However，new research into EQ suggests that success is not
5.____________ (simple) the result of a high IQ.
While your IQ tells you how 6.____________ (intelligence) you are，your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovery，7.__________ invented the term EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is EQ 8.____________ gets you promoted. 9.____________ (support) by his academic research，Professor Salovery suggests that when predicting someone's future success，their character，10.____________ measured by EQ tests，might actually matter more than their IQ.
[语篇解读]文章介绍了智商和情商之间的关系。

1．解析：考查连接词。

is后面是表语从句，从句中缺主语，需用what引导，故填what。

答案：what
2．解析：考查名词单复数。

student是可数名词，此处由other修饰应用复数形式，指“其他的学生们”，故填students。

答案：students
3．解析：考查形容词比较级。

由句中的than可知此处用比较级表示那些有较高智商的人，故填higher。

答案：higher
4．解析：考查不定式。

此处用不定式表目的，指“他们没有办法改变事实”，故填to change。

答案：to change
5．解析：考查副词。

此处指“成功不仅仅是高智商的结果”，故填simply。

答案：simply
6．解析：考查形容词。

此处为“how＋形容词＋谓语”结构，用形容词，故填intelligent。

答案：intelligent
7．解析：考查关系词。

此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Professor Salovery，指人，故用关系代词who。

答案：who
8．解析：考查强调句。

此处是强调句，结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，句中被强调部分是EQ，故填that。

答案：that
9．解析：考查过去分词。

support与Professor Salovery之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作状语，故填Supported。

答案：Supported
10．解析：考查连词。

此处指“正如被EQ测试测量的那样”，故填as。

答案：as
Ⅳ.短文改错
Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall.In the fact，this happens in many place of interest. I had some suggestions to solve this problem.
First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鸦)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine，is necessary to tourists with so bad behaviors. Also，I think it's helpfully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages.
I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics.
答案：
Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry
anger
by writing on Great
Wall. In the fact，this happens in many place
places of interest. I had
have
some suggestions to solve this
problem.
First，make more posters to inform the public ∧
of
the damage of graffiti(涂鸦)．Besides，
punishments，such as a fine，is
are necessary to tourists with so
such
bad behaviors. Also，I think it's
helpfully helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that
where
tourists can leave messages.
I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become concerning
concerned
about protecting cultural relics.
限时规范训练(一)“语法填空＋短文改错”组合练1(限时：30分钟) 对应学生用书(单独成册)第105页
[题组一]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Have you ever thought about the best meal you have ever eaten? For many people, it isn't just about the quality of the food；it's also about great memories of a particular vacation or the person it was shared 1.____________. We asked 100 famous chefs from around the world 2.____________ their best meals were, and we got some 3.____________ (interest) answers.
As the researchers expected,30% of the chefs 4.____________ (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult. 20% 5.____________ (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one in their lives, and another 10% said that a meal while they were on vacation with their wife 6.____________ husband was the best of all time. 15% said that a simple meal that they often cooked at home ranked 7.____________ (high) than any other meal, and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked. 8.____________ (surprising)，10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant! These best 9.____________ (cook)in the world would pick McDonald's or KFC if they had the choice of what 10.____________ (eat)．[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。

就什么是最佳美食，研究人员对世界上一百名著名的厨师做了调查，得到了许多非常有趣的答案。

1．解析：考查固定搭配。

根据语境可知，最佳的美食不仅仅与食物的质量有关，还可能与某个特别假期的美好回忆或共同进餐的人有关。

share with为固定搭配，意为“与……分享”。

答案：with
2．解析：考查宾语从句。

分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作及物动词asked 的宾语补足语；该引导词在宾语从句中作表语，故用what引导该宾语从句。

答案：what
3．解析：考查形容词。

根据空后的名词“answers”可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式。

答案：interesting
4．解析：考查过去分词。

chefs和动词survey之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“被调查的厨师”，故用过去分词作后置定语。

答案：surveyed
5．解析：考查动词的时态。

根据上文中的“said”可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

被调查的厨师中有百分之二十认为在豪华的饭店就餐时吃的饭菜是他们人生中的最佳美食。

答案：considered
6．解析：考查连词。

根据空前的“wife”和空后的“husband”可知，和妻子或者丈夫度假时吃的饭菜是他们人生中的最佳美食，空处表示选择关系。

答案：or
7．解析：考查形容词的比较级。

根据空后的“than”可知，该处用形容词的比较级形式，表示家常便饭比其他任何饭菜更好，故用比较级higher。

答案：higher
8．解析：考查副词。

空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式，表示令人惊讶的是，这些厨师中百分之十的人认为他们一生中最喜欢的美食是在快餐店吃的饭菜。

答案：Surprisingly
9．解析：考查名词单复数。

cook为可数名词，根据该句中的“these”可知，该处用复数形式。

答案：cooks
10．解析：考查动词不定式。

分析该句结构可知，此处应用“疑问代词what＋to do”作介词of的宾语。

答案：to eat
Ⅱ.短文改错
I've been long-distance runner for about eight years now. Before that, I'd probably never ran more than 100 metre to catch the bus! Then one day I surprised me by agreeing to run a marathon. The marathon was organizing to raise money to a children's hospital in our city. I found the training unbelievably tough at first, but it was a worth cause so I really pushed myself.
I was always amazed by that our bodies can do. Every run makes me to realize how thankful I am to be strong, to be able to do this.
答案：
long-distance runner for about eight years now. Before that, I'd probably I've been ∧
a
never ran
run more than 100 metre
metres
to catch the bus! Then one day I surprised me
myself
by
agreeing to run a marathon. The marathon was organizing
organized to raise money to
for
a children's
hospital in our city. I found the training unbelievably tough at first, but it was a worth
worthy
cause so
I really pushed myself. I was
am always amazed by that
what
our bodies can do. Every run makes
me realize how thankful I am to be strong, to be able to do this.
[题组二]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes 1.____________ he'd built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk，a leaping frog 2.____________ (draw) his attention to a puddle.
Antonie collected a drop of puddle water and put it 3.____________ his microscope. He was amazed 4.____________ (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.
These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere：in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People 5.____________(cover) in them, too. 6.____________ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion!
Microbes can't survive on 7.____________ (they) own.They need food. After 8.____________ (settle)into a home—you, for instance—they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs.9.____________ (lucky) for you, there are more 10.____________ (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。

通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。

1．解析：考查连词。

安东尼是一个来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。

根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。

答案：that
2．解析：考查动词的时态。

在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一只跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。

根据One rainy day可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。

答案：drew
3．解析：考查介词。

安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。

根据常识可知，要把物体放到显微镜下面观察，故应用介词under“在……下面”。

答案：under
4．解析：考查不定式。

他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。

be amazed to do sth.为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。

答案：to see
5．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。

根据语境可知，此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People是动宾关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are covered。

答案：are covered
6．解析：考查连词。

如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物，你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿！根据语境可知，本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。

答案：If
7．解析：考查代词。

on one's own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。

答案：their
8．解析：考查动名词。

在宿主——比如你——体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。

介词After后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。

答案：settling
9．解析：考查副词。

对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。

副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。

答案：Luckily
10．解析：考查形容词。

根据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。

答案：helpful
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last summer holiday, I went to visit my cousin in Dalian by bus. The journey was not so comfortably as a journey by train. After getting on the bus, I choose a seat near the window so that I could look out or enjoy the scenes from the running bus. The trees, houses and lakes on both side of the road was beautiful. The old man was sitting near me. She told me about the various places in which I should visit. I enjoyed talk with him. After seven hours I arrived at Dalian bus station and my cousin was already there waiting me.
答案：
Last summer holiday, I went to visit my cousin in Dalian by bus. The journey was not so
comfortably comfortable as a journey by train. After getting on the bus, I choose
chose
a seat near the window
so that I could look out or
and
enjoy the scenes from the running bus. The trees, houses and lakes
on both side
sides of the road was
were
beautiful. The
An
old man was sitting near me. She
He
told me about
the various places which I should visit. I enjoyed talk
talking
with him. After seven hours I
arrived at Dalian bus station and my cousin was already there waiting ∧
for
me.
限时规范训练(二)“语法填空＋短文改错”组合练2(限时：30分钟) 对应学生用书(单独成册)第106页
[题组一]
Ⅰ.语法填空
As you know, science plays 1.____________ very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 2.____________ the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 3.____________ you can check out the latest in the science world.
One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 4.____________ (cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 5.____________ (suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that
I check out every day, 6.____________ (call) Science Daily. The site is
7.____________(constant) updated with news, often about exciting 8.____________ (finding) that change how we view the world.
These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they
9.____________(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that
10.____________ (be) related to the science fields you are interested in.
[语篇解读]众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当着一个很重要的角色。

文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。

1．解析：考查冠词。

play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。

答案：a
2．解析：考查介词。

你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在……后面”。

答案：with
3．解析：考查定语从句。

先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。

答案：where
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。

提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.-ing形式作后置
定语，在此相当于which covers。

答案：covering
5．解析：考查形容词。

这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。

答案：suitable
6．解析：考查动词的语态和时态。

另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。

one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call 构成动宾关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。

答案：is called
7．解析：考查副词。

修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。

答案：constantly
8．解析：考查名词的数。

finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。

答案：findings
9．解析：考查动词的时态。

这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。

答案：posted
10．解析：考查主谓一致。

关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。

答案：is
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Mr. Thomas，
I learn from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I had a friend, David, who is good for English. I think he is the right person for a post.
David does well in write in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holding in our school. What's much, David is a friendly boy and he's always ready to help other whenever he is needed. And, most important, he gets on well with all his classmates and willing to work for the good of the team.
Please offer him a chance. I'm sure he will give you a surprise.
Yours,
Sam 答案：
Dear Mr. Thomas，
I learn from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I
had have a friend, David, who is good for
at
English. I think he is the right person for a
the
post.
David does well in write
writing
in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest
holding held in our school. What's muc h
more
，David is a friendly boy and he's always ready to help
other others whenever he is needed. And, most important
importantly
，he gets on well with all his classmates
and ∧
is
willing to work for the good of the team.
Please offer to him a chance. I'm sure he will give you a surprise.
Yours,
Sam
[题组二]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Can knots(结) be a form of art? It is in China. There is a long history of using knots for decoration on clothing or to hang from the ceiling or on a wall. Skilled knot 1.____________ (art) make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs. They have a long history and a symbolic meaning even today.
People may have 2.____________ (initial) made them to record information and convey messages 3.____________ people started to write. One-hundred-thousand-year-old tools have been discovered that were probably used 4.____________ (tie) and untie knots, and there is a 5.____________ (refer) to knots in ancient literature. But it isn't known when they started to be used symbolically or woven for art.
It is known that they 6.____________ (use) for artistic decoration and to symbolize and express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was a large one 7.____________(cover) most of the regions of modern China, and the 8.____________(tradition) art form was carried on by succeeding generations 9.____________ part of their culture.
Even today, Chinese knots are rich in symbolic meanings, and they therefore hold emotional value when given as gifts 10.____________ passed down through families.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了结的发展历史和今天结的作用。

1．解析：考查名词。

根据该句中的“make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs”可知，“Skilled knot ____1____”作主语，其中Skilled knot对空处进行修饰，此处缺名词，表示“人”，故可以确定应用名词artist；该词为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故此处应用复数。

答案：artists
2．解析：考查副词。

根据该句中的动词“made”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。

答案：initially
3．解析：考查连词。

在开始用文字书写之前，人们起初可能用它们去记录和传递信息。

before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。

答案：before
4．解析：考查动词不定式。

be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。

答案：to tie
5．解析：考查名词。

根据空前的不定冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处表示“一本关于结的参考书”，故用refer的名词形式。

答案：reference
6．解析：考查被动语态和时态。

根据该句中的时间状语“in the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处陈述的事情发生在唐朝，故用一般过去时；根据语境可知，结在唐朝被用作艺术装饰并被用来表达思想情感；主语they和动词use之间是动宾关系，故填were used。

答案：were used
7．解析：考查现在分词。

分析该句结构可知，a large one和动词cover是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。

答案：covering
8．解析：考查形容词。

根据空后的“art form”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，表示“传统的艺术形式”，故用形容词形式。

答案：traditional
9．解析：考查介词。

根据语境可知，该处表示作为他们文化的一部分，这种传统的艺术形式被代代相传。

as表示“作为”，符合语境。

答案：as
10．解析：考查连词。

由空前的“given as gifts”和空后的“passed down through families”可知，空处为选择关系，故填or。

答案：or
Ⅱ.短文改错
My family moved to this city when I was 12. I wasn't very happy at my new school, so my parents suggested we take up a hobby. They believed, in that way, I could met other children with a similar interest.I choose tennis, mainly because there was a club near our home where accepted children. It really paid off, because I became quite closely to some children I met there, and we still see a lot each other now. I didn't think I'd be good at tennis, so I stuck at it. I've now won a couple of match, which is more than I expected.In a fact，it's hard to believing I've got to that level.
答案：
My family moved to this city when I was 12. I wasn't very happy at my new school, so my
parents suggested we
I take up a hobby. They believed, in that way, I could met
meet
other children
with a similar interest. I choose
chose
tennis, mainly because there was a club near our home
where that/which accepted children. It really paid off, because I became quite closely
close
to some children
I met there, and we still see a lot∧
of each other now. I didn't think I'd be good at tennis, so
but/yet
I stuck at it. I've now won a couple of match
matches
，which is more than I expected.In fact, it's
hard to believing
believe
I've got to that level.
限时规范训练(三)“语法填空＋短文改错”组合练3(限时：30分钟) 对应学生用书(单独成册)第107页
[题组一]
Ⅰ.语法填空
In recent years, a new idea 1.____________ is called a “naked marriage” has arisen as the cost of living goes up. It has become a new trend for many young people in China. With a small marriage certificate in hand, they get married. And for the couples in a “naked marriage”，this certificate also contains other 2.____________ (meaning)．
A resident from Chengdu said, “There are many people like us born in 3.____________ 1980s. Our families cannot afford 4.____________(buy) us new apartments, cars, let alone diamond rings. I think that's very normal for average families. We must make a better future on
5.____________ (we)own. ”
A graduate of Sichuan University said, “The most important element in a marriage
6.____________(be) love. I believe our living conditions will
7.____________(gradual) get better. ”
A professor says a “naked marriage”is in direct contradiction to China's 8.____________ (tradition) marriage customs. However, as living costs continue to rise, this phenomenon may become more popular in the future.
But not all people have a positive opinion about a “naked marriage” . According to a survey 9.__________(conduct) by , only about 40% of the 3,500 people surveyed like the idea of a“naked marriage”. About 80% of men support a “naked marriage”，10.____________ there are also 70% of women not supporting the idea because they think these marriages are not stable.
[语篇解读]本文介绍了“裸婚”的相关情况和人们对此持有的不同的态度。

1．解析：考查定语从句。

近年来，一种叫作“裸婚”的新概念伴随着生活成本的增加
出现了。

定语从句中缺少主语，指代先行词a new idea，故填which或that。

答案：which/that
2．解析：考查名词复数。

other后用可数名词复数形式。

答案：meanings
3．解析：考查冠词。

表示在具体某个年代，应用定冠词the。

答案：the
4．解析：考查不定式。

我们的家庭负担不起给我们买新房子、汽车，更不用说钻石戒指了。

afford后接不定式to do作宾语。

答案：to buy
5．解析：考查代词。

我们必须独立地创造一个更好的未来。

on one's own意为“独立地”，且本句中主语为we，故此处用our。

答案：our
6．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

本句主语为单数，且根据上下文可知，此处时态应用一般现在时，故填is。

答案：is
7．解析：考查副词。

空处修饰“get better”，故应用副词。

gradually意为“逐渐地”。

答案：gradually
8．解析：考查形容词。

空后为名词，需用形容词修饰，表示“传统的婚礼风俗”。

答案：traditional
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。

一项由搜狐进行的调查表明，3 500人中只有大约40%的人认同“裸婚”这个想法。

a survey与conduct之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

答案：conducted
10．解析：考查连词。

根据上下文可知，此处两个分句间为转折关系，因此用while (然而)或but (但是)。

答案：while/but
Ⅱ.短文改错
It was in a hot summer holiday which I visited Qingdao, port city in Shandong Province. My favourite sport is swimming, so I decide to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend，Wang Fei and Li Lei.
It was the first time that I had swum in the sea, with waves come one after another to the shore and making great noises. Facing the rough sea, I felt a bit worrying and nearly gave up at first. And when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water, my fear was reducing. At last I joined in the swimmers. Now I still remember how wonderful I was swimming in the sea.
答案：
It was in a hot summer holiday which
that I visited Qingdao，∧
a
port city in Shandong Province.
My favourite sport is swimming, so I decide
decided
to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my
friend
friends
，Wang Fei and Li Lei.
It was the first time that I had swum in the sea, with waves come
coming
one after another to the
shore and making great noises. Facing the rough sea, I felt a bit worryin g
worried
and nearly gave
up at first.And
But when I saw many people enjoying myself
themselves
in the water, my fear was
reducing. At last I joined the swimmers. Now I still remember how wonderful
wonderfully
I was swimming in the sea.
[题组二]
Ⅰ.语法填空
The Water Splashing (泼洒) Festival of the Dai ethnic minority (少数民族) falls on April 13th to April 15th. It is the most important festival 1.____________(observe) by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. It is the New Year for the Dai, a festival to send off the old and greet the new.
During the festival, 2.____________ lasts three days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful 3.__________ (activity). Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance 4.__________(hold) on the first day. And the most popular event 5.____________(be) water-splashing on the second day. People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sicknesses and disasters. The wetter you get, the 6.____________ (lucky) you will be. The last day is usually for the young people to play games as a way 7.____________ (express) their love for each other.
The Water Splashing Festival 8.____________ (vivid) exhibits the Dai's respect for water and the culture of music, dance, food, and costumes. It is also a cultural bridge 9.____________ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share 10.____________ same festival culture of water-splashing.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了傣族泼水节的相关情况，包括时间、活动内容和意义等。

1．解析：考查过去分词。

这是云南省西双版纳的傣族人所奉行的最重要的节日。

根据该句中的“by the Dai people“可知，动词observe和名词festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

答案：observed
2．解析：考查定语从句。

分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“the festival”，故用which引导该定语从句。

答案：which
3．解析：考查名词复数。

activity“(群体性的)活动”常用复数，根据该句中的“a variety of”可知，此处表示“多种多样的活动”，故用其复数形式。

答案：activities
4．解析：考查被动语态和主谓一致。

该句主语为“Dragon boat racing，fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance”，故谓语动词用复数形式；主语和动词hold 之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；故填are held。

答案：are held
5．解析：考查主谓一致和时态。

该句主语为“the most popular event”为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是传统习惯，故用一般现在时。

答案：is
6．解析：考查形容词的比较级。

根据句子结构和该句中的“The wetter”可知，该句使用了“the more...the more...”结构，表示“越……就越……”。

故填luckier。

答案：luckier
7．解析：考查动词不定式。

最后一天的活动通常是年轻人玩游戏来表达他们对彼此的爱。

根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。

答案：to express
8．解析：考查副词。

泼水节生动地展示了傣族人对水和音乐、舞蹈、食物以及服饰文化的尊重。

根据空后的“exhibits”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用vivid的副词形式。

答案：vividly
9．解析：考查介词。

此处表示两者之间，between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。

泼水节也是西双版纳和东南亚国家之间的文化桥梁，他们共享相同的泼水节日文化。

答案：between
10．解析：考查冠词。

根据语境可知，此处表特指，故填the。

答案：the
Ⅱ.短文改错
My father is good at anything practical like repairing a washing machine. When something fail to work, he repairs it himself. Several days before, there was something wrong with our water meter (水表). My father finds the problem was the dead battery. The suggesting way was to fix a new water meter, that would cost 400 yuan. After take the water meter apart, my father thought the problem was easily to solve. So he bought a battery from online store and it cost only 14 yuan. With the new battery, the water meter finally worked! When I asked Dad why he didn't call on a repairman, he said he found pleasures in repairing things. “In addition, it is a survival skill，” he added.
答案：
My father is good at anything practical like repairing a washing machine. When something
fail fails to work, he repairs it himself. Several days before
ago
，there was something wrong with our。