商务英语专业四级考试术语解释.doc

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释
1.global company :跨国公司
-a compa ny that in tegrates its in ter national biz activities
一A multi national corporati on or multi national en terprise is an orga nizati on, that owned or controls product!ons of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country.（维基百科）
2.joint venture :合资企业
-a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.
-a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together.（柯林斯词典）
3.merger & acquisition : 并购
-combining of two or more entitles through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.
一transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.
4.distribution channel:分销渠道；销售渠道
-all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.
5.listed company :上市公司
-a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.
一 A public company publicly traded company publicly held company publicly listed company or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets 场外交易市场.（维基百科）
6.Industrial complex :工业生产基地
-a manu facturi ng area that con sists of many differe nt factories turning out differ ent products.
7.brand recognition :品牌认知（度）;品牌识另！I
-a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local con sumers ・
8.specialty shop :专卖店
-an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.
9.household name家喻户晓的名字
-a bra nd, person, compa ny, etc ・ that is known to all or very popular in a place.
10.loss-maker:亏损企业
-a biz that continually makes no profit.
11.home country :祖国，母国
-the country on which a multinational corporation's HQs is based.
12.quota :配额，定额，限额
-a restrict!on on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.
13.market economy :市场经济
一an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.
14.new economy :新经济
-a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by kno wledge-based economy in stead of ma nu facturi ng.
-an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers.（朗文词典）
15.1abor force :劳动力
-all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future・
16.bubble economy :
・・an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient 短暂的operation.
17.venture capital:风险资本
“funds that are in vested in new plants or hi-tech startups ope n to large risk of loss ・ -Venture capital is capital that is in vested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）
cycle :商业周期
-A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages■一boom 繁荣' recession 衰退depression 萧条,recovery 复苏.
19.stock market:股票交易；证券市场，股票市场
-a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares・
“ the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.
-a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold・（朗文词典）
20.product life cycle :产品生命周期
-a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction 投入期，growth 成长期'maturity 饱和期and decline 衰退期.
21.Seed money=seed capital 启动资金
-the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.
-the money you have available to start a new business・（朗文词典）
22.liquidity流动资产
-available cash or the capacity to obtain it on dema nd.
一In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available.资产折现力
23.exchange rate 汇率
-the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.
-the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。

24.multinational company 跨国公司
-a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.
25.money market货币市场，金融市场
-the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs・
- A country's money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯i司典）
■- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit.（朗文词典）
26.collateral担保物，抵押品
-property or an item of value acceptable as security 扌氐扌甲品for a loan or other obligation.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产
-property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you.（朗文词典）
27.Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数
一an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.
28.Blue chip蓝筹股，优质股票
~a stock that sells at high price because of public con fide nee in its long record of steady earni ngs.
29.Nasdaq :纳斯达克
-national association of securities dealers automated quotations•全国证券交易商自
动报价系统协会
-The Nasdaq Stock Market is an America n stock exchange. It is the sec on d-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city.（维基百科）
30.（insurance） policy 保险单
-the prin ted legal docume nt stati ng the terms of in sura nee con tract that is issued to the policy holder 投保人by company
31.public relations 公共关系,公关
-PR, the activity of keepi ng good relati on ships betw een an orga nizati on and the people outside it.
32.depression : 萧条，不景气
-a period of drastic decli ne in a n ational or in ter natio nal economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。

33.Trade deficit 贸易赤字
-imports minus exports of goods and services・
34.Speculation 投机
一engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit
35.Value added tax 增值税
-an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incrementai 增值的in creases on the value of goods through the chai n of product! on, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。

36.Fairtrade公平贸易
-trade that con forms to a fair-trade agreeme nt
37.Subsidy 补贴
-a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product.
-finan cial ben efit direct or indirect from go ver nment to producers or exporters.
38.Rebate减税，折扣
-a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment.
39.tax exempt!on 免税
-the freedom for having to pay tax
40.FDI外国直接投资
-the funds committed to a foreign enterprise・ An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the con trolling shares of a foreig n en terprise makes a direct in vestme nt. The investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise・
41.free trade自由贸易
-trade between nations without protective customs tariff.
42.tariff 关税
-duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods・
43.globalization 全球化
-the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s.
44.anti-dumping duty 反倾销税
-tariff levied on dumped imports.
45.trade barrier 贸易壁垒
-any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or certificatio n.
46.import substitution 进口替代
-a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry・
47.arbitration 仲裁
-the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision （扌旨定条款）
48.balance sheet资产负债表，缩写B.S.
financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time.—个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。

49.return 收益
-a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.
50.cash flow 现金流
-The cash receipts or net in come from one or more assets for a give n period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth.
现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值
bor-intensive 劳动密集型
-requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital
earnings净收益，净盈利
-the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted-
53.productivity 生产力
-the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor.
54.market share 市场份额
-the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures・
55・ workforce 劳动力'工人总数：the group of people who work in an industry, company, country・
56.income disparity : in equality in income distributi on.
57.equity 资产，股本:comm on stock 普通股and preferred stock 优先股which represent ownership to a biz organization
58.outsource 外协生产:to farm out 包出(work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost.外界供应：为缩减开支而把(如工作) 包给外界的供应者或生产者
59.lead time订货至交货的时间
-the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.
60.acquisition 收购
—when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout・
61.initial public offering (IPO)首次公开发行
-private company's first offer of its stock to the public
62.merger 合并
-the union or combi nation of two or more commercial interests or corporati ons.
63.liquidity squeeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张一financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins.
-a reduction in the general availability of loans （or credit） or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科）
64.reverse merger（借壳上市）
-it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company（空壳公司）。

65.horiz on tai merger 横向合并
-two companies that are in direct competition in the same products line and markets merger.
vertical merger 纵向合并
-merging with a company with different stage of production process, for instance, a car maker merging with a parts supplier.
66.real estate不动产，房地产
一Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.土地，包扌舌土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑
67.hedge fund对冲基金公司
-an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains.
68.GNP : the total market value of aggregate goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period, especially a year.
69.return on investment （ROI）投资回报率
-a profit or yield from investment.
70.bull market 牛市
-a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up.
Bear market 倉岸市
~ a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. （维基百科）。