2012年余姚中学自主招生科学模拟试卷
2012余姚中学招生数学模拟试题(一)
2012年余姚中学自主招生考试数学模拟卷（一）（考试时间90分钟，总分120分）一、选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，在每一小题给出四个选项中，有且仅有一个选项是符合题目要求．)1．下列命题：①有两边及一边的对角对应相等的两个锐角三角形全等；②有两边及一边的对角对应相等的两个直角三角形全等；③有两边及一边的对角对应相等的两个钝角三角形全等其中正确的说法是（ ）A 、①②B 、②③C 、②D 、①②③2．已知n 是正整数，下列代数式中，哪一个代数式的值可能是某个自然数的平方（ ） A 、2612n n ++ B 、2712n n ++ C 、2812n n ++ D 、 21526n n ++3．从长度分别为1，2，3，4，5的五条线段中，任取三条的不同取法共有n 种，这些取法中， 以取出的三条线段为边可组成的钝角三角形的个数为m, 则nm的值为（ ） A 、101 B 、51 C 、103 D 、52 4．已知关于x 的不等式组230320a x a x +>⎧⎨-≥⎩恰有3个整数解，则a 的取值范围是（ ）A 、23≤a ≤32 B 、43≤a ≤32 C 、43＜a ≤32 D 、43≤a ＜325．已知函数2,0,,0x x y x x -≤⎧=⎨>⎩ ，若4y =，则数x 值为（ ）A 、—4或—2B 、 —4或2C 、—2或4D 、—2或26．某彩电厂家为了打开市场,促进销售,准备对其生产的某种型号的彩电降价销售,在下面四种降价方案中, 当满足a>0,b>0,a≠b 时,降价幅度最小的是( ) A 、 先降价a%,再降价b% B 、 先降价b%,再降价a% C 、先降价2a b +%,再降价2a b+ % D 、一次性降价(a+b)% 7．先阅读，后填空：在逻辑学中：当命题“若 A 则 B ”为真时，A 称为 B 的充分条件；当命题“若 B 则 A ”为真时，A 称为 B 的必要条件；当命题“若 A 则 B ”与“若 B 则 A ”皆为真时，A 是 B 的充分必要条件，同时，B 也是 A 的充分必要条件； 当命题“若 A 则 B ”为真，而“若 B 则 A ”为假时，我们称 A 是 B 的“充分但非必要条件”，B 是A 的“必要但非充分条件”；反之亦然. 命题“a>1”是命题“11a<”的( ) A ．充分必要条件 B ．充分不必要条件 C ．必要不充分条件 D ．既非充分也非必要条件 8．当抛物线c bx ax y ++=2与x 轴两交点及抛物线上一点P 组成以P 为直角顶点的直角三角形时，点P 的纵坐标( )A 、只与a 有关B 、只与b 有关C 、只与c 有关D 、与a 、b 、c 均有关9． 如图1, CD 是RT △ABC 斜边上的高，如图2, 正方形CDEF 是 RT △ABC 的内接正方形，如图3, CD 是△ABC 的角平分线且∠ACB=120°，在图1、图2、图3三个图形中，满足111AC BC CD+=的有（ ）A 、图1、图2B 、图2、图3C 、图1、图3D 、图1、图2、图310． 如图4，直线43y x =与双曲线ky x=（0x >）交于点A ． 将直线43y x =向右平移92个单位后，与双曲线ky x=（0x >） 交于点B ，与x 轴交于点C ，若2=BCAO，则k 的值为（ ） A 、4 B 、8 C 、9 D 、12二、填空题(本大题共7小题，每小题4分，共28分)11．用[x ]表示不大于x 的最大整数，如[4.1]=4，[-2.5]= -3，则方程6x -3[x ]+7=0的解是 . 12.已知a 是方程3210x x +-=的一个实数根，则函数1y ax a =-+的图像不经过第 象限. 13．线段a x y +-=21（1≤x ≤3），当a 的值由-1增加到2时，该线段运动所经过的平面区域的面积为__________________． 14．已知，直线y=34x+4与x 轴，y 轴分别交于A ，B 两点，点C 在y 轴上，若将△ABC 沿AC 折叠，使点B 恰好落在x 轴上的点D 处，则点C 的坐标是 ．15．将一正五边形纸片沿其对称轴对折．旋转放置，做成科学方舟模型．如图所示，该正五边形的边心距OB 长为2，AC 为科学方舟船头A 到船底的距离，则1AC AB += ．ABD图1 图2图3图416． 如图，M 是弧CAB 的中点，MP 垂直弦AB 于P,若弦AC 的长度为x ，线段AP 的长度是x+1，则用含x 的代数式表示线段BP= .17．已知A 为直线y =B 为（1，0）、点C 为（7，0），D 为平面内一点，当以A 、B 、C 、D 为顶点的四边形是有三边相等的等腰梯形时，则点D 的坐标为 .三、解答题(本大题共52分)18. （本题10分） 有一列数123,,,,n a a a a ，满足下列条件：10a =，211a a =+，3211,,1n n a a a a -=+=+ .求证：123,,,,n a a a a 这n 个数的算术平均数不小于12-.19. （本题10分）证明不等式：22222()()()a b c d ac bd ++≥+，并利用此不等式求函数y =20．（本题10分）已知，如图，AB=BM,AC=CN,P 是A 关于BC求证：PA 是∠NPM 的平分线.21．（本题10分）求出所有正整数a,使方程22(21)4(3)0ax a x a +-+-=至少有一个整数根.22．（本题12分）已知点P 是抛物线2y x =上一点，过点M （0，2M ，（1）过点P 作⊙M 的两条切线1l 、2l ，若1l ⊥2l ，求点P 的坐标；（2）若过点Q(2,4)的直线l 与抛物线2y x =只有一个公共点时，求出点M 与直线的距离.P参考答案1．A 提示：对于①可作高，再证全等，②显然成立，对于③可举反例说明不成立.2.D 提示：因为2(3)n +<2612n n ++<2712n n ++<2812n n ++<2(4)n +，所以A 、B 、C 均不成立 而2(5)n +<21526n n ++<2(8)n +，若21526n n ++=2(6)n +，3n=10，n 不为整数； 若21526n n ++=2(7)n +，n=23，21526n n ++=230. 3．B 提示：共10种情况，边长为2，3，5或2，4，5时，组成的三角形为钝角三角形. 4．B 提示：取a =32、43验证. 5.B 提示：若0x ≤，4x -=，4x =-；若0x ＞，24x =，2x =±，0,2x x ∴= ＞. 6.C 提示：设降价前彩电的价格为1,降价后的彩电价格依次为x 1、x 2、x 3、x 4 则x 1=(1-a%)(1-b%)=1-(a+b)%+a%·b%, x 2=(1-b%)(1-a%)=x 1,()()()()241231312324%%1a b % a b %,x 1a b %1a b %a%b%x x ,x x a%b%0,x x x x 111224%.%2a b a b x a b ++⎛⎫⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎪⎝=-+++⎡⎤⎣⎦=-+<-++⎭⎝⎭+⎛⎫- ⎪==-=>∴>=⎝>⎭7.B8． A 提示：P 的纵坐标为1a- 9．B10.D 提示：过A 作AD 垂直x 轴于D ，过B 作BE 垂直于x 轴于E,由题意有△OAD ∽△CBE,设CE=a ，BE=b,故OD=2a ，AD=2b,故A （2a ，2b ）、B （9/2+a ，b ）,故有2b=k/(2a)，b=k/(9/2+a),解得a=3/2,又A 在43y x =上，故b/a=4/3，所以k=4ab=4a ·b/a=12 11.利用x-1＜[x ]≤x ，求得107,33x -<≤-[x ]= 3-或4-，x=81936--或 12.用描点法画出3210x x +-=草图，可知0＜a ＜1，再画出1y ax a =-+草图，可看出函数1y ax a =-+的图像必定不经过第四象限13. 6 14.3(,0)2-或（6，0） 15.设正五边形边长为a ，面积为s ，则111252222s a a AC a AB =⨯⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯，得152AC AB += 16.过M 画AB 的平行弦MN 过N 作AB 的垂线交AB 于Q ，易证PQ=x ，QB=AP=x+1，BP=2x+117．分类讨论，11(2、、(1,-、(10,- 18.证明：∵10a =，211a a =+，3211,,1n n a a a a -=+=+ ， ∴22222221211322110,21,21,,21n n n a a a a a a a a a a --==++=++=++ ， ∴222222121211212221n n n a a a a a a a a a n --+++=+++++++- ，∴212(1)122n n a a a a n n ++++=- ≥12-，1n a =-时取等号. 19．证明：∵222222()()()()0(,.) a b c d ac bd da bc ad bc ++-+=-≥=当且仅当时等号成立，∴22222()()() a b c d ac bd ++≥+(,.)ad bc =当且仅当时等号成立 函数y =x 的取值范围为1≤x ≤6，2222222211]]3515y [y 15.y 00y .81x 3.=⨯⨯∴>∴<=++==∴==≤≤由题意知即时等号成立20.提示：易证，点A 、M 、P 在以点B 为圆心的圆上，∴∠APM=12∠ABM ，同理∠APN=12∠ACN ，易证∠CNA=∠BAC=∠AMB,从而∠BNC=∠BMC, 点B 、N 、M 、C 四点共圆，得∠ABM=∠ACN ，从而∠APM=∠APN21.由原方程知x ≠-2，不妨将方程整理成关于a 的一元一次方程2(44)212x x a x ++=+ 得22121(2)x a x +=≥+（因为a 是正整数），则得(4)(2)0x x +-≤，解得42x -≤≤,因此，x 只能 -4，-3，-1，0，1，2.，分别代入a 的表达式，故所求的正整数a 是1，3，6，10.22．（1）易证点P 、M 和两个切点组成的四边形是正方形，从而PM=2，设P 坐标为（2,t t ），则2242(2)2t t +-=，t =P 的坐标为（0，0）、）、（）；（2）若直线l 平行与y 轴，直线l 即x=2，此时点M 与直线l 的距离为2；若直线l 不平行与y 轴，可求得直线l 为44y x =-，易求得点M 与直线l.。
宁波市2012年普通高中定向招生综合素质测试卷(科学卷)
宁波市2012年普通高中定向招生综合素质测试卷科学卷本卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H一1 C—l2 0一16 Na--23 Mg--24 Al--27 Cl—35.5 一、选择题(本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分，每题只有一个正确选项) 1．科学知识与我们的生活密切相关。
下列有关说法正确的是…………( )(A)凡含有食品添加剂的食物对人体健康均有害，不可食用(B)使用测电笔时，手不应接触测电笔的金属部分，否则会引起触电事故(C)用食醋可以除去热水瓶中的水垢(D)某些微量元素是人体必需的元素，大量摄取不会影响健康2．随着自然科学飞速发展，人类将会逐步揭开基因奥秘。
下面对基因相关知识的描述，错误的是………………………………………………………… ( )(A)每条染色体上含有一个DNA分子，一个DNA分子中含有许多基因(B)人类有耳垂对无耳垂显性，父母双方有耳垂，子女有耳垂可能性比较大(c)子女像父母亲，是由于父母亲各把一套基因通过生殖细胞传递给子女(D)父亲色盲，子女不一定色盲，所以人类色盲是不遗传的变异3．根据反应前后元素的化合价是否改变，可将化学反应分为氧化还原反应和非氧化还原反应。
对于化学反应A+B=C+D，下列说法错误的是………………………………………( )(A)若该反应是复分解反应，该反应也是非氧化还原反应(B)若该反应是置换反应，该反应一定是氧化还原反应(C)若A、B分别为单质和化合物，该反应一定是置换反应(D)若C、D分别为盐和水，反应物A、B不一定为酸和碱：4.下列图像能正确反映相应的实验现象或结果的是……………………………( )(A)甲图表示分别向相同质量的Mg、Al粉末中逐滴加入稀盐酸(B)乙图表示水电解器接通直流电进行水的电解(C)丙图表示向一定量的饱和石灰水中不断加入生石灰(D)丁图表示向pH=3的稀硫酸中不断加入氯化钡固体5．如右图所示，开关s闭合后，两灯均能发光，两电表的指针均有偏转，则…………( )(A)甲、乙均为电流表 (B)甲、乙均为电压表(C)甲为电流表、乙为电压表 (D)甲为电压表、乙为电流表6．甲、乙为同种材料制成的长方体，甲的体积为乙的两倍。
宁波市2012年中考科学模拟试卷-3
宁波市2012年中考科学模拟试题参考答案和评分标准一、选项题（每小题3分，共60分）题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案 C C D D D B B C C D题号11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20答案 C A D A B C D D B B二、简答题（本题有10题，每空2分，共40分）21、（1）二氧化碳（2）尿素22、（1）脂肪（2）消化与吸收(只填“消化”或“吸收”给1分)23、增加24、（1）6Χ104（2） 3.6Χ10625、（1）CaC2+2H2O=C2H2↑+Ca(OH)2 （2）AC （填对一个给1分）26、（1）右边下降、灯泡变亮（2）左边锌球表面有银白色固体析出、杠杆左边下降、灯泡变暗27、①试管壁发热②硝酸银（AgNO3）28、（1）电压（2）5（3）左29、大于30、（1）欧亚（2）内能（3） C三、实验探究题（本题有4题，每空2分，共20分）31、（1） B （2）能，因为氧化锌与稀硫酸反应不产生气体32、（1）K2C03（2）Ca(N03)2和NaCl或Ca(N03)2、NaCl和KN03(写出一种可能即可) （3）C33、（1）作图略（2）30 （3）热敏电阻的阻值随着温度的升高而减小34、（1）不可靠，实验中测定的数据不够多，具有偶然性（2）改折射光线为入射光线四、分析计算题（第35、36题4分，第37题6分，第38题7分，第39题9分，共30分）35、解：（1）呼吸道病原体（2）特异性（3）右心房36、解：（1）1．8 （2）40．77％37、解：（1） C （2） 390N（3）F = 3G = 3 x（390N x 20）= 23400 N38、解：（1）52.5% （3）设产生的硫酸镁、氢气的质量分别为x 、y（2）设该金属化学式为R，原子量为M Mg + H2SO4 = Mg SO4 + H2 R + H2SO4 = RSO4 + H224 120 2 M 98 3.6g x y 1.2g 35g x 14% x = 18 g y = 0.3 gM = 24 该金属为镁Mg SO4 % = 18 g / (105 g + 3.6 g – 0.3 g) =16.6%答：略答：略39、解：（1）用电器金属外壳（2） 3 产热少于或等于散热或保温功率小于(或等于)散热功率或锅内气压高于标准大气压（3）Q=cm（t1℃﹣t0℃）= 4.2×103J/(kg·℃)×4×1Kg/L×（100℃﹣25℃）=1.26×106JP=U2/R=（220V）2/96.8Ω=500WW=Pt=500W×50×60S=1.5×106Jη＝QW＝1.26×106J / 1.5×106J = 84％设再次沸腾的时间为tPtη = cm（t1℃﹣t0℃）t= . cm（t1℃﹣t0℃）/P η= 4.2×103J/(kg·℃)×4Kg ×（100℃﹣80℃）/ 500W x 84％= 800 s答：略。
浙江省余姚中学2012年中考数学自主招生模拟考试试卷3 人教新课标版
2012年余姚中学自主招生模拟考试数学试卷3一．选择题 1.求和：S =（ ）A 、15 B D 、714- 2.在直角坐标平面中，已知点P a b a b ≠（，）（），设点P 关于直线y =x 的对称点为Q ，点P 关于原点的对称点为R ，则△PQR 的形状是（ ）A 、锐角三角形B 、直角三角形C 、钝角三角形D 、不能确定3.设ABC ∆中，边BC 上一点D 满足BC ：CD =4，边CA 上一点E 满足CA ：AE =5，边AB 上一点F 满足AB ：BF =6，那么DEF ∆的面积：ABC ∆的面积=（ ） A 、37：60 B 、61：120 C 、59：120 D 、23：604.若实数a,b,c 满足a +b +c =0，abc =2，c >0，则（ ） A ab <0 B |a |+|b |≥2 C |a |+|b |≥4 D |a |+|b |≤15.如图，正方形OPQR 内接于△ABC.已知△AOR ，△BOP ，和△CRQ 的面积分别是1，3，1，那么正方形OPQR 的边长是（ ）A 2B 3C 2D 36.某同学用牙膏纸盒制作一个如图所示的笔筒，笔筒的筒底为长4.5厘米，宽3．4厘米的矩形。
则该笔筒最多能放半径为0．4厘米的圆柱形铅笔 ( ) A ．20支 B.2l 支 C ．24支 D ．25支7.如图，在正方形纸片ABCD 中，E 为BC 的中点.折叠正方形，使点A 与点E 重合，压平后得折痕MN.设梯形ADMN 的面积为S1，梯形BCMN 的面积为S2，则21S S 的值为（ ） A52 B 53 C 81 D 87 8.任意选择一对有序整数（b,c ）其中每一个整数的绝对值小于或等于5，每一对这样的有序整数被选择的可能性是相等的.方程02=++c bx x 没有相异正实根的概率是（ ） A109 B 10091 C 121111 D 121112 9.已知a,b,c 是正整数，且抛物线c bx ax y ++=2与x 轴有两个不同的交点A,B ，若A,B 到原点的距离都小于1，则a+b+c 的最小值为（ ） A 8 B 9 C 10 D 1110.如图Rt △ABC 中有两种作内接正方形的方法.图（1）作的内接正方形面积为441，（2）中作的内接正方形的面积为440，则AC+BC 的值为（ ）A.456B.458C.460D.462 二．填空题11.如图所示，在梯形ABCD 中，AD ∥BC (BC >AD )，︒=∠90D ，BC =CD =12,︒=∠45ABE ，若AE =10，则CE 的长为 .12.设旋转角∠A 1A 0B 1=α（α< A 1A 0A 2）, θ3，θ4，θ5，θ6，所表示的角如图所示。
【初中英语】2012年浙江省余姚中学自主招生模拟考试英语试卷(二) 人教版
2012年余姚中学自主招生模拟考试（二）英语试卷一.单项选择20%1. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes all over. — My God, ______.A. so did IB. so I didC. so were youD. so did you2. Although he lived ____ in a ____ mountain village, he didn’t feel ____ at all.A. alone; alone; lonelyB. alone; lonely; lonelyC. lonely; lonely; aloneD. lonely; alone; alone3. —Peter didn’t come to the meeting this morning.— I _______ him yesterday, but I was too busy and forgot it.A. should tellB. should have toldC. had to tellD. had told4. —How did it ______ that all the flowers died?—I had forgotten to water them.A. come aboutB. come backC. come onD. come down5. —Bob, how about going swimming this weekend?—Go swimming in this weather? _____.A. Not likelyB. Have a good tripC. OKD. I’m fond of that6. Mr. Smith is considering ______ a computer, which is considered ______ a great help in ourwork and study.A. to buy; to beB. buying; to beC. to buy; beingD. buying; being7. Every possible means _____ to work out the problem, but it is too difficult for us.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used8. She spent as much as time as she could _______ over the lessons.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went9. —Why didn’t Susan come to see us yesterday as she promised?—______.A. She must be busyB. She might have been freeC. She must have been busyD. She can’t be free10. She has two daughters , ____ are nurses.A. all of themB. both of themC. both of whomD. all of whom11. Tom, together with his two sisters，________ .A. has seatedB. has been seatedC. have seatedD. have been seated12. The young scientist made another wonderful discovery,______ of great importance to studySARS.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. I think which isD. I think is which13. —May I look at the menu for a little while? —Of course, ______, sir.A. don’t worryB. it doesn’t matterC. enjoy yourselfD. take your time14. I’m afraid ___ her the truth, because I’m afraid______ her.A. to tell; of hurtingB. to tell; to hurtC. of telling; to hurtD. of telling; of hurting15. I can never forget the days _____ we worked together and the days ______ we spenthappily together.A. for which; thatB. which; whenC. when; whichD. on which; when16. To go on business, I will have to stay ____ for some time, so I will ask someone to ___.A. away; take my placeB. off; instead of meC. off; take the place of mineD. away; take place of me17. My father served in the army in _______ when he was in _____.A. 1950’s; twentiesB. the 1950s; his twentiesC. the 1950’s; the twentiesD. 1950’s; the twenties18. ------Would you mind my telling him the news? ----_________.A. Yes, pleaseB. Never mindC. It doesn’t matterD. No, go ahead19. It is the way ____ they walk ____ makes people laugh.A. how; thatB. that; thatC. in which; whichD. /; which20. —Is that 110? A thief is in my house…—Ok, help is ____.A. in the wayB. in its wayC. on the wayD. by the way二.完形填空20%One evening I was resting in a cafe. I 1 a pair of newly bought white leather shoes, which were rather expensive. Then a boy came to me.He was in a(n) 2 shirt, looking pale and about eleven. No sooner had I begun to speak than he opened the 3 in his hand and took out the tools of shoe-polishing. He 4 down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them.He was busy doing his work 5 heavy rain began to pour down. People rushed to the caféfor 6 from the rain. More and more people crowded 7 and gradually separated the boy from me. Hours passed, and it turned 8 . I had no shoes on my feet and 9 where the boy had been. I thought he would not 10 my shoes, and I would have to go home on my bare feet.When it was near midnight the 11 ended, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café. The café was to be 12 . I had to move to the door, head 13 . just as I went to the gate, I 14 found that a boy of about eleven, looking very familiar, was sleeping at the 15 with his head leaning against a box and his upper body being 16 . he held a package made of his shirt tightly in his arms.I shook him slightly and woke him up. He 17 up and rubbed his eyes for a while before he recognized me. Then he opened the package 18 , gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly. I 19 him and wrapped him with his unfit shirt, which had wrapped my leather shoes. On my way home, the 20 of the boy stayed in my mind.1. A. took B. wore C. mended D. owned2. A. old B. unfit C. small D. dirty3. A. bag B. package C. box D. suitcase4. A. seated B. bent C. put D. looked5. A. when B. after C. because D. since6. A. protection B. rest C. hide D. preparation7. A. out B. away C. in D. off8. A. dark B. light C. dim D. bright9. A. thought B. wondered C. guessed D. imagined10. A. shine B. keep C. return D. carry11. A. rain B. coffee C. time D. work12. A. opened B. locked C. stopped D. closed13. A. lowered B. dropped C. raised D. held14. A. shortly B. surprisedly C. sadly D. immediately15. A. table B. door C. bed D. cafe16. A. wet B. bare C. pale D. cold17. A. stayed B. sat C. jumped D. got18. A. finally B. suddenly C. unfriendly D. hurriedly19. A. recognized B. forgave C. paid D. inspired20. A. feature B. shirt C. image D. form三.阅读理解30%A (5%)Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea，two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia. The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city‘s money is mad e from farming. It is also a busy business city，with ships，railways，clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings，coloured roofs，and narrow streets. The modern part has long，wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the centre of the city was built in the 13th century. The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela（委内瑞拉）named Valencia.1.From the text，how many places have the name Valencia？A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. What is the main difference between the two parts of Valencia？A. The colour of the buildingB. The length of the streetsC. The age of the buildingsD. The colour of the roofs3. When was Valencia the most important city in Spain？A.2nd centuryB.8th centuryC.13th centuryD. 20the century4. What is Valencia famous for？A. Its seaportB. Its universityC. Its churches and museumsD. Its parks and gardens5. The main income of the city of Valencia is from its ______.A. marketsB. businessC. factoriesD. farmingB (5%)Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air，water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you，you will find that there are two kinds of plants：flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed，some have two，three or four，and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）。
浙江省余姚中学全国重点高中初升高自主招生化学模拟试题(含答案)
浙江省余姚中学全国重点高中初升高自主招生化学模拟试题(含答案)一、选择题1．向某硫酸和硫酸铜的混合溶液中加入某浓度的氢氧化钠溶液，产生沉淀的质量与加入氢氧化钠溶液的质量关系如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．加入氢氧化钠溶液的溶质质量分数为20%B．点溶液中含有两种溶质C．段发生的反应为中和反应D．混合溶液中硫酸和硫酸铜的质量比为1∶12．向一定质量的FeCl3溶液中滴加NaOH溶液一段时间后，改为滴加稀硫酸，所得沉淀质量随加入试剂总体积的变化趋势如图所示。
下列有关说法不正确的是（）A．b点时所加试剂一定是稀硫酸B．加入试剂总体积大于V1时，溶液中不存在NaOHC．c点时溶液中的溶质不止是盐D．a点时溶液中有可能存在Fe3+3．在硝酸银、硝酸铜的混合溶液中加入一定量锌粉，反应停止后过滤，滤液仍为蓝色，有关判断正确的是（）A．滤渣中一定有银、没有铜和锌B．滤渣中一定有银和锌，可能有铜C．滤液中一定有硝酸锌、硝酸铜、硝酸银D．滤液中一定有硝酸锌、硝酸铜，可能有硝酸银4．化学趣味小组在学习了金属的化学性质后，对金属R的活动性进行探究发现：将金属R 放入稀盐酸中，观察到有气泡产生（该反应的化学方程式可表示为：R+2HCl2=RCl2+H2↑），将R放入ZnSO4溶液中无任何变化。
下列化学方程式书写错误的是（）A．R+MgSO4=RSO4+Mg B．R+CuSO4=RSO4+CuC．R+H2SO4=RSO4+H2↑D．2A1+3RSO4=Al2（SO4）3+3R5．下表除去杂质的方法中，正确的是选项物质（括号内为杂质）除去杂质的方法A Cu(NO3)2溶液（AgNO3）加过量铜粉，过滤B KCl溶液（CaCl2）加适量Na2CO3溶液，过滤C Fe（Zn）加足量稀盐酸，过滤D CO（CO2）通过灼热的氧化铜粉末A．A B．B C．C D．D6．（2012年山东烟台，18题，2分）电影《黄金大劫案》上映后，里面用“王水”（浓盐酸与浓硝酸的混合液）溶解黄金的情引起了广泛的热议。
浙江省余姚中学中考英语自主招生模拟考试试卷二
2012年余姚中学自主招生模拟考试（二）英语试卷一.单项选择20%1. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes all over. —My God, ______.A. so did IB. so I didC. so were youD. so did you2. Although he lived ____ in a ____ mountain village, he didn’t feel ____ atall.A. alone; alone; lonelyB. alone; lonely; lonelyC. lonely; lonely; aloneD. lonely; alone; alone3. —Peter didn’t come to the meeting this morning.— I _______ him yesterday, but I was too busy and forgot it.A. should tellB. should have toldC. had to tellD. had told4. —How did it ______ that all the flowers died?—I had forgotten to water them.A. come aboutB. come backC. come onD. come down5. —Bob, how about going swimming this weekend?—Go swimming in this weather? _____.A. Not likelyB. Have a good tripC. OKD. I’m fond of that6. Mr. Smith is considering ______ a computer, which is considered ______ a greathelp in our work and study.A. to buy; to beB. buying; to beC. to buy; beingD. buying; being7. Every possible means _____ to work out the problem, but it is too difficultfor us.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used8. She spent as much as time as she could _______ over the lessons.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went9. —Why didn’t Susan come to see us yesterday as she promised?—______.A. She must be busyB. She might have been freeC. She must have been busyD. She can’t be free10. She has two daughters , ____ are nurses.A. all of themB. both of themC. both of whomD. all of whom11. Tom, together with his two sisters， ________ .A. has seatedB. has been seatedC. have seatedD. have been seated12. The young scientist made another wonderful discovery,______ of greatimportance to study SARS.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. I think which isD. I thinkis which13. —May I look at the menu for a little while? —Of course, ______, sir.A. don’t worryB. it doesn’t matterC. enjoy yourselfD. take your time14. I’m afraid ___ her the truth, because I’m afraid______ her.A. to tell; of hurtingB. to tell; to hurtC. of telling; to hurtD. of telling; of hurting15. I can never forget the days _____ we worked together and the days ______we spent happily together.A. for which; thatB. which; whenC. when; whichD. on which; when16. To go on business, I will have to stay ____ for some time, so I will ask someoneto ___.A. away; take my placeB. off; instead of meC. off; take the place of mineD. away; take place of me17. My father served in the army in _______ when he was in _____.A. 1950’s; twentiesB. the 1950s; his twentiesC. the 1950’s; the twentiesD. 1950’s; the twenties18. ------Would you mind my telling him the news? ----_________.A. Yes, pleaseB. Never mindC. It doesn’t matterD. No, go ahead19. It is the way ____ they walk ____ makes people laugh.A. how; thatB. that; thatC. in which; whichD. /; which20. —Is that 110? A thief is in my house…—Ok, help is ____.A. in the wayB. in its wayC. on the wayD. by the way二.完形填空20%One evening I was resting in a cafe. I 1 a pair of newly bought white leather shoes, which were rather expensive. Then a boy came to me.He was in a(n) 2 shirt, looking pale and about eleven. No sooner had I begun to speak than he opened the 3 in his hand and took out the tools of shoe-polishing. He 4 down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them.He was busy doing his work 5 heavy rain began to pour down. People rushed to the café for 6 from the rain. More and more people crowded 7 and gradually separated the boy from me.Hours passed, and it turned 8 . I had no shoes on my feet and 9 where the boy had been. I thought he would not 10 my shoes, and I would have to go home on my bare feet.When it was near midnight the 11 ended, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café. The café was to be 12 . I had to move to the door, head 13 . just as I went to the gate, I 14 found that a boy of about eleven, looking very familiar, was sleeping at the 15 with his head leaning against a box and his upper body being 16 . he held a package made of his shirt tightly in his arms.I shook him slightly and woke him up. He 17 up and rubbed his eyes for a while before he recognized me. Then he opened the package 18 , gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly. I 19 him and wrapped him with his unfit shirt, which had wrapped my leather shoes. On my way home, the 20 of the boy stayed in my mind.1. A. took B. wore C. mended D. owned2. A. old B. unfit C. small D. dirty3. A. bag B. package C. box D. suitcase4. A. seated B. bent C. put D.looked5. A. when B. after C. because D. since6. A. protection B. rest C. hide D. preparation7. A. out B. away C. in D. off8. A. dark B. light C. dim D. bright9. A. thought B. wondered C. guessed D. imagined10. A. shine B. keep C. return D. carry11. A. rain B. coffee C. time D. work12. A. opened B. locked C. stopped D. closed13. A. lowered B. dropped C. raised D. held14. A. shortly B. surprisedly C. sadly D. immediately15. A. table B. door C. bed D. cafe16. A. wet B. bare C. pale D. cold17. A. stayed B. sat C. jumped D. got18. A. finally B. suddenly C. unfriendly D. hurriedly19. A. recognized B. forgave C. paid D. inspired20. A. feature B. shirt C. image D. form三.阅读理解30%A (5%)Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea， two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia. The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city‘s money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city， with ships，railways， clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings， coloured roofs， and narrow streets. The modern part has long， wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the centre of the city was builtin the 13th century. The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela（委内瑞拉） named Valencia.1.From the text， how many places have the name Valencia？A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. What is the main difference between the two parts of Valencia？A. The colour of the buildingB. The length of the streetsC. The age of the buildingsD. The colour of the roofs3. When was Valencia the most important city in Spain？A.2nd centuryB.8th centuryC.13th centuryD. 20the century4. What is Valencia famous for？A. Its seaportB. Its universityC. Its churches and museumsD. Its parks and gardens5. The main income of the city of Valencia is from its ______.A. marketsB. businessC. factoriesD. farmingB (5%)Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air， water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air， water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you， you will find that there are two kinds of plants： flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed， some have two， three or four，and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）。
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2012年余姚中学自主招生科学模拟试卷一、单项选择题(1-10题每题只有一个正确答案)1、白令海峡是亚欧大陆与北美大陆相距最近处，如果在这里修建一条铁路同原有铁路连通，可以为两大陆提供一条便捷的陆上交通通道。
一列时速为189km 的火车，北京时间3月8日20：00从北京直发洛极矶（两城市图上铁路线长约12.6cm 。
不考虑涂中停车时间），到达终点站时当地区时为3月 （ ）A 、11日16：00B 、12日8：00C 、12日16：00D 、 13日8：002、下列与人的生理有关的叙述中，不正确．．．的是（ ） A.糖类在人体内代谢的最终产物是CO ２和H ２O B.人的胃液中含有少量盐酸，可以帮助消化C.剧烈运动时人体代谢加快，代谢产物不能及时排出，血液的pH 升高D.煤气中毒主要是CO 与血红蛋白牢固结合，使血红蛋白失去输氧能力3、“小草依依，踏之何忍。
”设置这条提示语提醒人们不要践踏小草，因为经常在草坪上行走，会造成土壤板结，从而影响草的生长。
土壤板结影响植物生长的主要原因是（ ）A.植物缺少无机盐，影响生长B.植物缺少水，影响光合作用C.土壤缺少氧气，影响根的呼吸D.气孔关闭，影响蒸腾作用4、为了探究铁和硫酸铜溶液反应中量的关系。
某兴趣小组做了五组实验。
实验结果记录如下：A.2.24, 4.98B.2.24, 6.40C.3.36, 5.12D.3.36, 4.985、溶液的碱性强弱跟溶液中OH －的数量有关。
一定体积的溶液中OH －数量越多，则溶液碱性越强。
溶质质量分数为10%的NaOH 溶液（密度为1.1g/cm 3）与溶质质量分数为10%的KOH 溶液（密度也为1.1g/cm 3）相比较，碱性更强的是( )A ．NaOH 溶液B ．KOH 溶液C ．一样强D ．无法比较6、现有盐酸和CaCl 2的混合溶液，向其中逐滴加入过量某物质x ，溶液的pH 随滴入x 的量的变化关系如右图所示。
则 x 是（ ）A ．水B ．澄清石灰水C ．纯碱溶液D ．稀盐酸7、下列图像能正确反映所对应叙述关系的是（ ）A.图甲表示一定量的木炭还原氧化铜，剩余固体质量与反应时间的关系B.图乙表示t ℃时，向饱和硝酸钾溶液中加入硝酸钾晶体，溶质质量分数与加入量的关系C.图丙表示一定量的稀硫酸与锌粒反应，溶液的质量与反应时间的关系D.图丁表示向硫酸和硫酸铜混合溶液中加入氢氧化钠，沉淀质量与加入量的关系甲 乙 丙 丁8、如右图所示，在一个开口锥形瓶内注入适量水，然后将它放在水平桌面上。
此时水对锥形瓶底的压力为3牛；现在锥形瓶内放入一个重为G 1的木块，水对锥形瓶底的压力变为4牛；在锥形瓶内再放入一个重为G 2的木块，水对锥形瓶底的压力变为5牛。
木块与锥形瓶始终不接触，则 （ ）A 、G 1<G 2<1牛B 、G 2<G 1<1牛C 、G 1=G 2=1牛D 、G 1>G 2>1牛9、在右图所示的电路中，A 、B 两点之间电压U 保持不变，电路连接完好且使用的电表均为理想电表。
当滑动变阻器的滑片P 向右滑动时（ ）A 、电压表V 1和电流表A 的示数之比增大B 、电压表V 2和电流表A 的示数之比不变C 、电压表V 1示数的变化量和电流表A 示数变化量的比值绝对值I U ∆∆1增大D 、电压表V 2示数的变化量和电流A 表示数变化量的比值绝对值I U ∆∆2不变10、如图所示，凸透镜的焦距为5厘米，在透镜左侧10厘米处，有一个与主光轴垂直的物体AB ，在透镜右侧15厘米处放一个平面镜，镜面与凸透镜的主光轴垂直，则该光具组中，物体AB 的成像情况是（ ）A 、一个正立实像，一个倒立实像，一个正立虚像B 、一个正立实像，一个正立虚像，一个倒立虚像C 、一个倒立实像，一个正立虚像，一个倒立虚像D 、一个正立实像，一个倒立实像，一个倒立虚像 二、不定项选择题11、如图7所示，电压为U 的电源与三个灯泡和三个电阻相接。
只合上开关S 1，三个灯泡都能正常工作。
如果合上S 2，则下列表述正确的是（ ）A ．电源输出功率减小B ．L 1上消耗的功率减小C ．通过R 1上的电流增大D ．通过R 3上的电流增大12、王勇同学在宾馆饭店看到一种自动门，当有人靠近时，门会实现自动开闭。
王勇同学对此产生了浓厚的兴趣，他很想知道自动门是如何实现自动控制的。
为此他反复做了几次试验：当他轻轻地靠近自动门时，门自动打开；当把一个足球滚向自动门时，门自动打开；当把一面底部装有滚珠的无色透明大玻璃板，直立着滑向自动门时，门不打开。
王勇同学根据探究试验的结果，对自动门的自控原理提出了以下几种猜想，你认为其中最合理的猜想是〔 〕A ．自动门“听”到来者的声音时，通过声控装置实现自动开闭B ．自动门探测到靠近的物体发射出的红外线，通过光控装置实现自动开闭C ．自动门本身能发射出一种红外线信号，当此种信号被靠近的物体反射时，就会实现自动开闭D ．靠近门的物体通过空气能产生一种压力传给自动门，实现自动开闭13、如图所示，物体甲静止在水平桌面上，当物体乙轻放到甲上后，下列现象可能．．发生的是（ ）A ．甲相对于桌面保持静止状态，而乙相对于甲也静止B ．甲相对于桌面保持静止状态，而乙相对于甲沿斜面滑下C ．甲相对于桌面向右运动，而乙相对于甲沿斜面滑下D ．甲相对于桌面向右运动，而乙相对于甲静止14、如图为氯化铵和硫酸钠的溶解度曲线。
下列说法中不正确的是（ ） A ．30℃时，氯化铵、硫酸钠的溶解度相同B ．将50℃ 时硫酸钠的饱和溶液降低温度，始终有晶体析出C ．氯化铵的溶解度随温度的升高而增大D ．将60℃时硫酸钠的饱和溶液降温至 40℃。
溶质的质量分数变大 15、将一定质量的 a 、b 、c 、d 四种物质放入一密闭容器中， 在一定条件下反应一段时间后，测得反应后各物质的质 量如下：A ．a 和b 是反应物，d 一定是催化剂B ．反应后a 物质的质量为4.64gC ．c 物质中元素的种类，一定等于a 、b 两种物质中元索的种类D ．若物质a 与b 的相对分子质量之比为2：l ，则反应中a 与b 的化学计量数之比为2：1三、简答填空题：16、将光敏电阻R 和定值电阻R 0、电流表、电压表连成电路，接在9V 的电源上，光敏电阻阻值随光强变化关系如下表：(“光强”表示光强弱程度的物理量，符号为E ，单位坎德拉(cd))若电压表的示数减小，表明光强在 。
(“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。
分析表中数据可知光强E=1.5cd时，光敏电阻的阻值R= Ω，此时电流表的示数为0.5A，则通电1分钟R上产生的热量为 J。
17、在一条笔直的公路上依次设置三盏交通信号灯L1、L2和L3，L2与L1相距80m，L3与L1相距120m。
每盏信号灯显示绿色的时间间隔都是20s，显示红色的时间间隔都是40s。
L1与L3同时显示绿色，L2则在L1显示红色经历了10s时开始显示绿色。
规定车辆通过三盏信号灯经历的时间不得超过150s。
若有一辆匀速向前行驶的汽车通过L1的时刻正好是L1刚开始显示绿色的时刻，则此汽车能不停顿地通过三盏信号灯的最大速度______m/s。
若一辆匀速向前行驶的自行车通过L1的时刻是L1显示绿色经历了10s的时刻，则此自行车能不停顿地通过三盏信号灯的最小速度是________________m/s。
18、如图所示，水面上漂浮一个木块。
在木块上放一个M=4千克的物体，木块正好全部没入水中。
若在木块下挂一个密度为5×103千克/米3的合金块，木块悬浮在水中，求合金质量________________千克。
19、已知A、B、C、D、E五种物质均为初中化学中常见的化合物，它们相互转化的关系如图所示。
(1)如果A、B均为黑色固体，C是造成温室效应的主要气体。
则E的化学式是，A与B反应的化学方程式可能是。
(2)如果C是一种常见的建筑材料，A溶液与B溶液反应的现象是，D与E反应的化学方程式可能为。
20、请在阅读以下材料后，回答问题：一些微生物由于它们新陈代谢快、繁殖快、发酵产量高的特点，在现代发酵工业中扮演着重要角色，被称为工程菌，如大肠杆菌、酵母菌等。
一个大肠杆菌分裂形成二个菌体,叫做繁殖一代。
大肠杆菌在适宜的环境中可以不停地一代接着一代地繁殖。
酵母菌也可以很快地繁殖。
酵母菌氧化分解有机物释放能量满足生命活动所需要，既可以在无氧时进行无氧呼吸，产生酒精和二氧化碳，释放少量能量；也可以在有氧时进行有氧呼吸，产生二氧化碳和水，释放大量能量。
（1）如果在培养液中放入150个大肠杆菌，并给以优越的营养条件，需经代即可繁殖到4800个菌体。
（2）酒的风味主要取决于所采用的酵母菌株。
某酒厂的菌株已使用了30多年，繁殖了3000余代，但酒的风味却不减当年，其主要原因是生物都具有的特性。
（3）在发酵酿制啤酒时，如果开始阶段给发酵罐通气，一段时间后再密封，啤酒发酵完成的时间要短一些；如果一开始就给发酵罐密封，啤酒发酵完成的时间就会长一些。
其原因是。
四、实验探究：21、下面4个电路中，根据要求填写图号。
（1）、已造成短路的有图，闭合开关S后会出现短路的有图。
（2）、组成串联电路的有图，组成并联电路的有图。
22、在物理实验操作考查中，小雨抽测的实验题目是“探究浮力的大小”。
他的实验操作步骤如图所示，实验过程如下．A．用细线将橡皮挂在弹簧测力计下，测出橡皮的_______；B．将水倒入溢水杯中；C．将挂在弹簧测力计下的橡皮浸没水中，让溢出的水全部流入小桶中，同时_____________；D．将盛有溢出水的小桶挂在弹簧测力计下，读出此时弹簧测力计的示数；E．记录、分析实验数据，得出实验结论；F．整理实验器材。
请根据小雨的实验过程回答下面问题：(1)指出小雨在实验操作中漏掉的一个步骤：______________________________。
(2)指出上面实验操作中的一处错误：__________________________________。
23、一次性塑料包装袋造成的环境污染已经引起了社会的高度关注，许多城市已经开始使用纸制食品袋。
同学们经过查阅资料，得知食品袋的组成成分含有碳元素和氢元素，请选择以下实验装置进行验证：A B C D E(1)你所选择的实验装置的连接顺序是(用A、B、C等符号表示)纯氧→( A )→(▲)→(▲ )(2)实验中出现▲现象，证明纸袋中含有碳元素和氢元素。
(3)实验中选择纯氧而不用空气的原因是▲。
24、某纯碱样品中含有少量氯化钠杂质，现用下图所示装置来测定纯碱样品中碳酸钠的质量分数（铁架台、铁夹等在图中均已略去）。
实验步骤如下：①按图连接装置，并检查气密性；②准确称得盛有碱石灰（固体氢氧化钠和生石灰的混合物）的干燥管D 的质量为83.4g ；③准确称得6g 纯碱样品放入容器b 中；④打开分液漏斗a 的旋塞，缓缓滴入稀硫酸，至不再产生气泡为止；⑤打开弹簧夹，往试管A 中缓缓鼓入空气数分钟，然后称得干燥管D 的总质量为85.6g 。