doing用法动名词和现在分词作表语

doing用法动名词和现在分词作表语
doing 的用法
一．动名词作主语时
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。

1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
Playing tricks on others is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

____________________ is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。

___________ is easier than doing.
4).Writing the book has taken up all his spare time.
5).Seeing is believing.
②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。

但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，It is no use/ no good/ useless/ a waste of… +doing sth
1). It is no use /useless_____________(argue) with him.
2).It is no good __________(try) to explain.
3).It is a waste of time ___________(quarrel) with him.
二. 动名词作宾语时
1只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有avoid, admit, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, 等2有些动词有动名词和不定式两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要注意下列几个情况：A. 在hate, like, love, prefer, 等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

He likes swimming, but he doesn?t like to swim today because it is too cold.
B. 动名词与不定式的不同含义：
1).be afraid to do 不敢去做某事
be afraid of doing 担心、害怕做某事
2) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已做）
3)remember to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth.记着做了某事(已做）
4) stop to do sth.
stop doing sth.
6)try to do sth.
try doing sth
7) mean to do sth.
mean doing sth. 8) go on to do sth.
go on doing sth.
9) can’t help doing
can’t help (to) do
C ? want/require/need to be done
doing.
The temple needs________( rebuild).
The children require_____ (educate).
D. advise/allow /permit/forbid sb to do
doing sth
三动名词和现在分词作表语(predicative)
1. 动名词作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为. 表示主语的内容,可以转换
到句首作主语
如：Her hobby is_________ (paint). = is her hobby.
My job is_________(look) after the children. = after the children is my job.
Her job is_____(keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.
the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job..
2. 现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系, 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等, 主语与表语不可互换位置，但
可用very, quite rather等副词来修饰.
The situation is encouraging. / I am encouraged.
The work is tiring./ I am tired.
The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.
The film we saw last night is quite moving.
The problem is quite puzzling.
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。

四动名词和现在分词作定语(attribute)
1. 动名词作定语，表示被修饰名词的用途。

“供作…之用”
e.g. a dining car = a car for dining
a reading room=a room for reading
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
a walking stick=a stick for walking
其他如：
a singing competition
an opening speech building materials
a drinking cup a living room
a typing paper a waiting room
a writing desk a washing machine
a frying pan a sleeping pill
a walking stick a teaching method
2. 现在分词作定语, 表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或状态逻辑上有主动关系。

如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。

相当于一个定语从句
a sleeping baby= a baby who is sleeping
a developing country the standing student
The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
a flying bird the boiling water
现在分词作定语（表示进行和主动）
1. Do you know the man _____(speak ) at the meeting?
2.Who is the man_______(stand) by the door?
3.Do you know the boy______(lie) under the big tree?
4.The professor ______ (give) a speech about pollution is from Harvard University.
5.Tell the children_______(play)there not to make so much noise.
6.Did you see the man________(talk) to the manager?
现在分词作定语（表主动）
7.They lived in a room________(face)the south.
8.The house________(stand)at the corner of the street was built in 1955.
9. There was a big stone _______( weigh) one ton.
10. There was an old man ______( live ) in the village.
11.They built a highway______(lead) into the mountains.
现在分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。

1.The freeway being built now will lead to Beijing.
2.The meeting __________(hold) now is of great importance.
现在分词的完成式(having done)通常不作定语。

例如：
The students having handed in their papers must leave the classroom．(F)
The students who have handed in their papers must leave the classroom．（T）
1.There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
2.Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A
waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait
3. The _______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”
A. smiling
B. smiled
C. smile
D. to smile
五现在分词作宾语补足语（Object Complement)
能用现在分词作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词（常见的有feel, hear, listen to, see, notice, observe, watch, look at, find, smell等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）
I felt somebody standing behind me.
We found the snake eating the eggs.
I found a bag lying on the ground.
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
2 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）
We kept the fire burning all night long.
I won…t have you running about in the room.
I won?t have you doing that.
I?m sorry to have kept you waiting.
I can?t get the clock going again.
The teacher caught a student cheating in the exam.
3 .with 的复合结构
with +名词(宾语)+宾补doing
done
to do
adj./adv./介词短语
1).He lay in bed with his eyes ______(look) at the sky.
2).We found the village easily with the boy ______(lead) the way.
3).With the door ______(lock), he studied.
4).With a lot of work ____(do), he went out to play.
5).They left with the fire _____(burn).
6).I won?t be able to go on holiday with my mother _____(be) ill.
7).With the crowds _______(cheer), they drove to the palace.
8).The thief was brought in, with his hands ______(tie) behind his back.
9).With a lot of work ________(to do), he can?t go out.
With a lot of dishes ________(to wash), we can?t watch TV.
10).With so many letters _______(write), I had no time to visit you.
11).He liked sleeping with the windows open.
12).They sat in the room with the light on/off.
13). With T om away, we got more room.
14).The boy stood there with his head down.
15).With his clothes on, he lay in bed.
16).He came in with a box on his back.
17).The teacher came in with some books in his hand.
18).The soldiers passed by with guns on their shoulders.
注：1、现在分词形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词现在分词形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用现在分词形式和动词不定
式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ringing.
We heard the telephone ring.
现在分词表示动作正在进行，不定式表示（或强调）动作的全过程。

六．现在分词做状语
现在分词充当时间，条件，原因，让步状语时，一般位于句首并有逗号隔开，能转换一个相应的状语从句；充当结果，方式，伴随状语时多位于句尾，前面可用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。

1作时间状语Walking in the street, I saw him. =When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him.
也可改写为When/While walking in the street, I saw him.
*逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致
2作条件状语
Working hard(=If you work hard),You will surely succeed.
Taking (=If you take) the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
3作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语，多用于be feel, know, recognize, fear等状态动词的现在分词，以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时。

如：Being worn out(=As she was worn out), she went to bed early.
Not knowing her address (As I don’t know her address) ,I can’t write to her.
Not having done his homework, he couldn’t go out to play.=________,he couldn’t go out to play. 4，作让步状语Having failed many times, he didn?t lose heart.=Although he had failed many times, he didn?t lose heart.
5，作结果状语
His grandma died, leaving him a lot of money.= His grandma died and left him a lot of money.
A terrible earthquake struck the area, making thousands of people homeless.=_______________. 6,作方式状语
Please answer the question using another way.(=by using another way)
7, 作伴随状语
They were walking in the woods, singing happily.
The secretary worked lat into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.
独立成分中的现在分词（或固定结构）
如；generally speaking, Judging from /by Considering ,including等
eg, Considering his age, the child reads quite well.
All the students were present at the meeting, including me.
跟踪练习，
1.China became the 143rd member of the WTO on Dec.11,2001, thus ___its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.
A realized B. realizing C. to realize D. having realized.
2._____what the teacher taught, she decided to stay behind to go on with her lessons after school. A, Not understanding B. She didn’t understand
C. Not having understood
D. Having not understood
3.____for several weeks, the city needed food.
A.As having flooded
B. Being flooded
C. Having been flooded
D. To flood
4. The space shuttle broke into pieces,____all seven astronauts aboard.
A. Having killed
B. killing
C. killed
D. being killed
5. I carefully poured the liquid into the water, my classmates__ anxiously beside me to see what would happen. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing
6. ---Where is David?
---He is upstairs____ ready to go out.
A.to get
B. getting
C. to be getting
D. having got.
7. ____what you said, you should be praised.
A. Judging from
B. Judged from
C. Being judged
D. To judge from。