Part1(第二版)
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程1课后答案(全)
全新版大学英语综合教程1课后题Unit 1 Growing UpPart II Language FocusVocabularyⅠ.1.1.Respectable2.agony3.put…down4.sequence5.hold back6.distribute7.off and on8.vivid9.associate 10.finally1.turn in2.tackle2.1.has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.2.was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time.4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out.3.1.reputation, rigid, to inspire2.and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideaspose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold backⅡ.posed2.severe3.agony4.extraordinary5.recallmand7.was violating8.anticipateⅢ.1.at2.for3.of4.with5.as6.about7.to8.in, in9.from10.on/uponComprehensive ExercisesⅠ. Cloze1.1.hold back2.tedious3.scanned4.recall5.vivid6.off and on7.turn out/in8.career2.st2.surprise3.pulled4.blowing5.dressed6.scene7.extraordinary8.image9.turn10.excitementⅡ. Translation1.1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, theyhave decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill issaid to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of asevere water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again.One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit 2 FriendshipI. Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box.1) absolutely2) available3) every now and then4) are urging/ urged5) destination6) mostly7) hangs out8) right away9) reunion10) or something11) estimate12) going ahead2. Rewriting1) It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.2) He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.3) She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.4) Something has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time.5) The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.3. Complete the sentences.1) were postponed the awful is estimated2) reference not available an kind of3) not much of a teacher skips go aheadII. Collocation1.to2.for3.at4.from5.in6.to on7.on8.withIII. Usage1)more or less2)kind of/ sort of3)something4)kind of/ sort of5)more or less6)or something Comprehensive exercisesI. Cloze1.text-related1)choked up2)awful3)practically4)neighborhood5)correspondence6)available7)destination8)reunion9)Mostly10)postponing11)absolutely2.Theme-related1.how2.savings3.embarrassment4.phone5.interrupted6.touch7.envelop8.signed9.message10.neededII. Translation1.Translate the sentences.1) Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.2) Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’tlearned the texts by heart.3) Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4) He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5) Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.2.Translate the passage.It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away. This is true in my case.It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there. I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.Unit 3I Vocabulary11) brief 2) in terms of 3) cut off 4) tend5) anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8) initiative9) convey 10) in two minds 11) concept 12) grasp21) has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers’ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.31)lies in contact between2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment3)the steady will be highlyII Word Formation1 regained2 undecided3 undersupplied4 disabled5 precondition6 foresight7 mispronounced8 enrichIIIAntonyms1) majority 2) accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses5) local 6) late 7)wrong 8)falseComprehensive exercisesI Close1.Text-related1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure2. Theme-related1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10) SomedayII Translation1) As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2) Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicantsthis year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3) As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4) The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5) To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life. The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated. However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4Vocabulary1) wreck 2) balance 3) approaching 4) handle5) discard 6) Above all 7) diet 8) do with9) checked on 10) cleaned up 11) weekly 12) principles2.1) to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2) was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3) for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4) express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5) will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1) for sale hunting for be amazed by2) become skilled handle their loans3)character by calling on he passed awayII Confusable words1.1) personal 2) personnel2.1) sometime 2) Sometimes 3)some time 4) sometimeIII Euphemismde hcgabfComprehensive ExercisesI Close1. Text-related1)sponsored 2)determination 3) turned away 4) assumed 5) capacity6)skilled 7)loan 8) character 9) hunting 10) for sale 11) send for2. Theme-related1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4) grow 5) dream6) immigrants 7)business 8) engineering 9)invest 10) richIII Translation1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will beacceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but actioncan be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxiousto amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5VocabularyI.11) monthly 2) acquaintances 3)classic 4) look; in the eye 5)manufactured 6) options7)finance8) replacement 9) survived 10) pick out 11) married 12) grabbed at2.1) survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2) almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3) of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4) several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5) straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1) inquiry; died of hunger; people survied2) Instantly; give up his; retire; replace him; executive 3) his beloved; odd jobs; and all thatII Word Formation1.embarrassment2. survivors3. newly4. marketable5. monthly6. competition7.conceivable8.respectableIII. Usage1)the poor 2. The deceased/The dead 3. the disabled 4. the French 5. The accused 6.the young 7. the unemployed 8. the latter…the former…Comprehensive ExercisesI.Cloze1.Text-related1)died of 2) instantly 3) classic 4)ask around 5) surviving 6) retire 7)executive 8)replacement9)stock 10) look…in the eye2.Theme-related1)impressed 2) diligence 3) Instead 4) Contrary 5) professionally 6) perform 7)personal8) balance 9) commitment 10) revealedII. Translation1.1) I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2) Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3) Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4) As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5) We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm. He works six days a week. Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights. However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family. On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can. To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6VocabularyⅠ1.1)Fertile2)Reflected3)Overseas4)Slim5)Split6)Sustained7)Glow8)Thrust9)Keen10)Bud11)Previous12)Whichever2.1) The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2) Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3) A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4) I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martin come in.5) The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1) to broaden; make their way2) disgusts; take a chance on3) the grand; and overseas; reflectedⅡ1. 1) frightened 2) afraid/ frightened2. 1) alike/similar 2) similar3. 1) alive 2) living4. 1) sleeping 2) asleepⅢ1.1) disappointed 2) disappointment 3) disappointing 4) disappoint5) disappointingly 6) disappointing2. 1) attractive 2) attract 3) attraction 4) attractively 5) unattractively6) unattractiveComprehension ExercisesⅠCloze1.Text-related1)Identifying 2) gripped 3) margins 4)corresponding 5) overseas 6)little7)hesitate8)grateful 9) made my way 10) going my way2. Theme-related1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4) another 5) threw 6) deliberately 7) reasoned 8) himself9) restaurant 10) matterⅡTranslation1.1) Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful t o you (for it).3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions aboutimproving our working environment.4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise inresponse to union pressure.5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning beforewe arrived.2.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others. Previous to/Beforehis retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study. From then on he sent them money regularly. Later the two made their way to college, and even gota chance to study overseas.Unit 7Content QuestionsPair Work1.He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists askthem to.2.Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3.He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4.She wanted to get more pineapple.5.He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6.It shows he is clever and sly. He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7.They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8.The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9.Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10.Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate and delivered a baby whale.11.Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12.Towan hid his orange underneath his foot. The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how todeceive.Text Organization1.Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personalexperiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2.Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) controversy (2) consciousness (3) explore (4) serves their own purposes(5) encounter (6) lack of it (7) convinced (8) mental feats (9) captivity (10) humansLanguage FocusI.Vocabulary1.1) go (very) far 2) has expanded 3) in the interest(s) of 4) only to5) encountered 6) has cooperated 7) assessed 8) (had) switched9) horizons 10) gaze 11) disaster 12) wiped out2.1) … a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not2) … felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly3) ... suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay4) … is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5) … give in until they give her a pay rise3.1) have undertaken, original, to explore2) evidence convinced, underneath, extending to3) to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, exploreII.Confusable Words1. firstly2. first, first3. At first4. First/Firstly5. first6. First7. at first8. firstage1. animal intelligence whose2. zoo keeper where3. eye contact through what4. money supply of what5. killer whale what kind6. baby whale how old7. family member of what8. sea turtle what kind/whereComprehensive ExercisesI.Cloze1.(1) emergency (2) evidence (3) original (4) sizing up(5) negotiates (6) reveal (7) make a deal (8) dominant(9) in their interest(s) (10) deceiving (11) controversy(12) judgment (13) explore2.(1) protect (2) However (3) type (4) situation (5) sights(6) together (7) rang (8) associate (9) without (10) environmentII.Translation1.1) A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2) Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3) We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find itslightly damaged.4) My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition5) Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.2.When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers,especially the male. They were dept in a huge iron cage at firs t, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill. Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended. Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!Unit 8Pair work1.She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation.2.Children can’t spell correctly; their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent3.He didn’t want to competeintellectually challenging life.4. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5.To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers.6.He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7.They can’t read or write. They place their hopes on their children.8.He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9.Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10.Americans stop demanding good education foe children. Machines do all the complex work and there is littlemanual work to be done. America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11.Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12.He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own1.Part one paras.1-10Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part oneTeenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorancePart twoKevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancementIndifference (1)Summed up (2)Preferred (3)Financial （4）Accumulated （5）Intellectual （6）Affect （7）Industrial （8）Idle （9）Break down （10）VocabularyI1.1.industrial2.idle3.is functioning4.intellectual5.scared6.handful7.luxury8.private9.work up10.slice11.miracle12.was jammed2.1. to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。
新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第一册课后练习答案(完整版)
新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第一册课后练习答案（完整版）Unit 1Part OnePREPARATION1. Different Kinds of Personal RelationshipsSTEP ONEparent—child employer—employee clerk—customerhusband—wife write—reader driver—passengerteacher—student host—guest buyer—sellerdoctor—patient boyfriend—girlfriend performer—audience STEP TWOco-workers，colleagues，classmates，roommates，schoolmates，seatmates，playmates，lovers，supervisor，neighbors，co-author...Part TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. 1. 1) A 2) B 3)A 4)A 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) C2. 1) killed 2) wounded 3) arrived 4) girl 5) badly/seriously 6) blood 7) none 8) American 9) type 10) orphans11) French 12) difficulty 13) frightened 14) would 15) cried 16) Vietnamese 17) dying 18) understand 19) willing 20) friend 3.（略）Vocabulary1. 1) reply 2) land 3) pat 4) supplied 5) wound6) pat 7) replied 8) signed 9) wounded 10) supplies11) sign 12) balance 13) land 14) balance2. run: 1) D 2) A 3)C 4)E 5) F 6) Bmatch: 1) E 2) B 3)G 4)D 5) C 6) F 7) A3. 1) Insert 2) in the balance 3) requests 4) relief 5) let out6) tiny7) steady 8) stiff 9) occasional 10) misunderstood 11) limited12) actionTranslation1) I'm tired. I should not have gone to bed so late last night.2) I don't/didn't know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together.3) We are supposed to meet her at the train station.4) You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them.5) Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents.6) Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger.Part ThreeFURTHER Development1 Grammar ReviewB: Well, he should have bought new batteries the day before. B: He should have spent more time memorizing new words and phrases before the exam. If he had worked harder, the exam would not been so difficult for him.B: But he really shouldn't have stayed up the night before exam. B: That's terrible. He shouldn't have cheated on the exam.2 Vocabulary Review1）A. Although/Though B. though C. though2）A. reply/answer B. answer C. replying3）A. speaks B. speak C. taking D. speak/talk4）A. injured B. hurt C. wounded/injured D. wounds5）A. houses B. apartment, apartments6）A. aside B. apart C. aside/apart7）A. requests B. requested C. demanded D. demands8）A. border B. boundary C. boundaryUnit 2Part OnePREPARATION1 Expressions Related to MemorySTEP ONE（略）STEP TWOb 2）d 3）a 4）cPart TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1.1) brother 2) late 3) land 4) take 5) because6) noise 7) worse 8) bags 9) briefcase 10) counter11) look 12) said 13) on 14) loading 15) get16) have 17) form 18) delivered 19) airport 20) home21) unloaded 22) never 23) realized 24) flights 25) midnight 2. 1)F 2)F 3)F 4)F 5)T 6)F 7)T 8)FVocabulary1. 1) BA. flight: a journey on an airplane, etc.B. flight: an airplane that takes people on a particular journey2) AA. meet: wait for somebody, greet somebodyB. meet: see somebody accidentally3) AA. take off: leave the ground and start flyingB. take off: become successful or popular4) BA. conclude: end or bring something to an endB. conclude: reach a belief or opinion as a result of thought or study5) AA. whoever: anyone whoB. whoever: no matter who6) BA. view: an opinion or ideaB. view: the ability to see or be seen from a particular place7) BA. check: examine something to make sure that it is safe, correct, in good condition, etc.B. check: (BrE) leave (baggage, etc.) ready to be dispatched8) AA. suggest: say or show something in an indirect wayB. suggest: propose a plan or idea for somebody to discuss or consider9) AA. lot: an area of land used for a particular purposeB. a lot: a large amount or number10) BA. painful: causing physical painB. painful: upsetting or unpleasant2. 1)off 2)in 3)by 4)down 5)for 6)of7)in 8)off 9)in 10)on 11)out/in 12)from3. 1）shocked 2）concluded 3）glancing 4）baggage 5）exclaimed 6）display7）whoever 8）promise 9）agent 10）airline 11）opening 12）engine4. 延误一小时 delay for an hour接机/在机场接人 me et a flight/meet…at the airport观看飞机起降 watch planes land and take off碰巧 happen to让（某人）想起remind…of急忙赶回去 hurry back也许(a polite expression) by any chance朝某人身后瞥了一眼glance/look over one’s shoulder消失不见了 vanish from sight平静了一点儿 calm down a little送到……地址 d eliver to one’s address朝停车场上……的车走去 head f or one’s car in the parking lot卸（某人的）车unload one’s car不能相信自己的眼睛can’t believe one’s eyes午夜后不久 shortly/soon after midnightTranslation1. That songs always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago.2. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.3. All flights to New York today are delayed because of the bad weather.4. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.5. I can not find my checkbook. I must have left it at home.6. By the time, the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar Review.1)when 2)which/that 3)who/that 4)that 5)what6)where 7)which 8)whose 9)(that) 10)how11)which 12)which 13)why 14)whoever2 Vocabulary ReviewSection A1)A. remember B. reminded C. remind2)A. number B. amount C. amounts3)A. effect B. affect C. affect4)A. compare...with/to B. compared...to C. compare with/to Section B1.briefcase2.engine3.specific4.realistic5.ability6.airline7.vanish8.delivery9.accurate 10.recall 11.display 12.expert 13.involved 14.helpful 15.view 16.repeat 17.jewel 18.dull19.unablePart FourWRITING NND TRANSLATION1. A young man came to the check-in counter and asked if his briefcase had been turned in.2. He looked over my shoulder at the conveyer belt and shouted that he had seen his briefcase going through the opening at the end of the conveyor belt.3. Unfortunately, his briefcase had already been loaded on one of the flights.4. I assured him that we would call him as soon as we found his briefcase.5. To our great surprise, the young man said that he had already found his briefcase in his car.Unit 3Part OnePREPARATION1 Why Are You Speaking?STEP ONE1) The man wants to express his love to the woman. He hopesthat they could fall in love just like the two persons in the picture.2) The woman wants to prevent the boy from doing that.3) The woman wants to know the man's opinion about the thing.4) The man wants to stop the boy from disturbing him, and gives the boy an advice.STEP TWO（略）3 Idioms Related to Parts of the Body1)G 2)A 3)H 4)C 5)B 6)E 7)F 8)D4 How Do Animals Communicate?1)E 2)A 3)F 4)B 5)D 6)CPart TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the General Organization of the Text1) Non verbal language or body language is also an important means of communication.2) A) the gesture of nodding the head up and down，B) eye contact，C) the sign of waving the hand/a wave of the land,D) Personal conversation distance.3) cultural awareness.2. Understanding Specific Information1) They may mean different things in different cultures.2) Facial expression, gesture, and other movements of the body that send messages.3) Nodding the head up and down.4) Because he thought the student was expressing “I agree to buy th e machine” by nodding his head.5) People are expected to look into the other perso n’s eyes during a conversation.6) He may come closer instead of going away.7) Because they come from different countries and prefer different conversation distances.8) It’s the awareness of differences between different cultures./It’s the awareness of proper behavior in d ifferent cultures.Vocabulary1. 1）ABBAB 6）ABBAB2. 1）gesture 2）signal 3）misunderstanding 4）behaved 5）curls 6）meaningful 7）rarely 8）means 9）unfamiliar 10）decreased 11）bowed 12）communication 13）facial 14）awareness 15）occu Translation1. You won't get the job unless you have got the experience.2. Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.3. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can't cause any misunderstanding.4. He wishes he could give her more help than what he does now .5. Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold .6. She has added a picture of Picasso to her collection.7. I am not aware of ever having been here before.8. You will soon find yourself without any friends at all ifyou keep on being so rude to everybody.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar ReviewSection A1）I don't know whether to go to the movies or stay to watch TV at home.2）I'm thinking when to leave.3）Please tell us where to send your mail.4）I don't decide which city to settle in.5）I'm not sure(I don't know)who to ask for help.6）Could you show me how to get the railway station from here?7）We would discuss what to do with the money.Section BExample 1:The earlier you leave，the sooner your will arrive.More expensive the hotel is，the better service it has.The more you get to know him，the more you like him.The more longer you wait, the more impatient you have.Example 2:The garden is about four times bigger than mine.The house is about three times as expensive as his.He runs three times faster than I do.Machine works ten times as efficient as people do.Example 3:she asks about thatyou study hardI give him $ 200you speak loudly2 Vocabulary Review1）expands 2）means 3）sign 4）genuine 5）reward 6）fault 7）effort 8）horizons 9）habit 10）resolve 11）recognized5 Eyes — The Windows of the SoulSTEP ONEdaecbSTEP TWOcaught his eyehave eyes bigger than my stomachmaking eyes atturn a blind eye totake my eyes offPART FOURWRITING AND TRANSLATION2 Translation Practice1) First, you must be aware that feeling nervous in a new very environment is normal.2) Our thoughts can race a long several times faster than most people speak.3) In order to get other’s attention, you must learn how to bea good and sympathetic listener.4) One of the essential points is that you should try to broaden your horizons.5) A sense of humor is helpful and you can lighten a conversation by sometimes telling a joke about yourself.6) Only when you are willing to talk and listen attentively, will you succeed in making friends with the people around you.Unit 4Part OnePREPARATION1 A Fr eshman’s AlphabertASSIGNMENTSBOOKSCAMPUS I liveDORMITORYEXAMINATIONSFRIENDS I enjoy talk withGRAMMARHOBBIESINFORMATION I can get it from internetJOBKNOWLEDGELIBRARYMAJORNOTESOKPROFESSORSQUIZZES I am afraid of themREPORTSSCHOLARSHIPSTUTION I have to pay for my educationUNIVERSITIESVACATIONSWEEKENDSX'MAS CARDSYAHOOZOOPart TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the organization of the textII. A）I went to the wrong building，so went to the wrong classroomB）step，dropped，fellC）going to the cafeteria and stayed in roomIII. he also dropped the food tray and fell to the ground.he seemed to fell that nothing serious had happened.IV. A）one made mistake in college2. Understanding Specific Information1）No，it is not true that everyone on campus was not watch the narrator. It is just a kind of feeling from the narrator. Because it is the first day of his college life , he was very nervous.2）He wanted to stay out of the professor's vision.3）Literature.4）Biology majors look serious.5）A）Here "it" refers to my entire life.B）It was terrible.6）Here "it" refers to the terrible thing that the narrator fell.7）Because she/he was afraid of those students recognized him. 8）" The same fate" means to the student drop a tray and fall just like the narrator9）Because he did not take it serious.10）"It" refers to whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whether you show up in the wrong lecture, etc.11）Mistakes.12）Making mistakes is not as serious as one would think. Vocabulary1. 1）taste 2）rearing 3）tips 4）taste 5）settled 6）major 7）lot 8）rear 9）settle 10）major 11）settled 12）tip2. 1）tray 2）view 3）clasps 4）relax 5）crashed 6）schedule 7）slip 8）groped 9）completely 10）grinned 11）opportunities 12）hesitationTranslation1. It’s far too hot in the room, open the window, please!2. The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.3. He should have been angry at what I said. It was nothing more than a joke.4. We invited all our friends to the picnic but it rained and only five of them showed up.5. She views marriage as a serious matter.6. To my disappointment, the movie did n’t live up to my expectations.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar ReviewSection A1）laugh—to laugh/laughing 2）were—be/is 3）saw—had seen 4）to go—go5）as—like 6）like—as 7）too—either 8）we can—can we Section BSample 1:If I found $100 in the street, I would give it to the policeman. If someone pointed a gun at me, I would fall in a faint.If I had had enough training, I would have been promoted.If I had that you were ill, I would have bought some delicious food for you.Sample 2:It might rain. You'd better change your plan to stay at home. We've almost run out of money. We'd better not continue our trip.You don't look very well. You'd better have a rest.The river look very dirty. You'd better not drink it.2 Vocabulary ReviewSection A1) living 2) find out 3) awaiting 4) bored 5) clapped 6) in time 7) sweat 8) wonderingSection B1）fund 2）stress 3）rear 4）aid 5）fund 6）stressed7）rear 8）aid 9）crash 10）discipline 11）viewed12）structure 13）crash 14）discipline 15）views 16）structureUnit 5Part OnePREPARATION1 Just for FunSTEP ONE1. mouse2.pig3.fish4.mule5.bird6.owlSTEP TWO1）fish 2）pig 3）mouse 4）mule 5）owl 6）bird3 What Are They?tusk象牙 hoof蹄 fur毛皮 tail尾巴 beak鸟喙 claw爪子 horn shel 甲，壳 spot斑点 stripe条纹 wing翅膀 hind leg后腿Part TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. para.1-2——What we mean by culture.para.3.——Animals can not only use tools but also make tools. para.4——Animals can learn and share behavior.para.5——Animals can communicate with some forms of language. para.6——There are limits to animal culture.2. 1）DBBBC 6）ADD.Vocabulary1. 1）handy 2）cultural 3）untrue 4）belief 5）scientist6）successful 7）religious 8）defenses 9）strength 10）social2. 1）A.limit B.limit 2）A.contact B.contact 3）A.attemptingB.attempt4）mand B. command 5）A.form B.form3. 1）gesture 2）created/has created 3）abstract 4）individual 5）invention6）feature 7）make up for 8）removed 9）response 10）rule out 4. 1)remove 2)received; accept 3)allow 4)lately 5)shore6)taught 7)object 8)attractTranslation1. I used to go to the cinema/movies a lot, but I never have the time now.2. The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe.3. This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.4. What aspect of your job/work is(the)most difficult, and what aspect is(the)most rewarding?5. Some people think he is rude, but that’s not the case.6. I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar ReviewSection B1)how—that/in which 2)did—would 3)are—is 4)are—is 5)so—such 6)be seen—see2 Vocabulary ReviewSection A1) A. covered B. spreads C. spread2) A. agree with B. agree with C. agreed with D. agree on D. agree to3) A. activity B. act C. action D. act/action4) A. adapting B. adopted C. adapt5) A. laying B. lied C. lay D. lay6) A. weather B. climate C. weather7) A. invented B. discovered8) A. as a result of B. as a result9) A. fun B. funny C. funny10) A. stripped B. strips C. strippedSection B1.CHIMPANZEE2.PANDA3.DOG4.INSECT5.ELEPHANT6.CHAMELEON7.MOUSE 8.OWL 9.LION 10.GIRAFFE 11.PUPPY 12.TURTLE 13.CATUnit 6Part TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Part 1 (para.1-6); Part 2 (para. 7); Part 3 (para. 8-13)2. 1）Flying saucers or UFOs from other plant.2）Underwear earthquakes/Geography of the area.3）The strange magnetic properties of the Bermuda Triangle.4）Large amounts of methane gas escaping from the seafloor of the Bermuda Triangle3. 1）TTFFT 6）TFTTTVocabulary1. 1）A.belief B.believable2）A.mysteries B.mysterious3）A.mix B.mixture4）A.responsible B.responsibility5）A.triangular B.triangle6）A.explode B.explosion7）A.intelligence B.intellgent8）A.discovery B.discovered9）A.scientific B.science10）A.appearance B.disappear C.disappearance2. 1）in 2）on 3）in 4）into 5）of 6）for 7）in 8）to 9）off 10）on3. 1）properties 2）amounts 3）similarly 4）compass 5）escaping 6）puzzled7）offers 8）trace 9）theory 10）normallyTranslation1. Her hard work resulted in a big bonus for her.2. Children were watching the planes take off and load.3. As soon as I’m on b oard a ship I always feel sick.4. A total of 20000 people visited the museum on the first day when it was open to the public.5. The committee consists of scientists and engineers.6. I wouldn’t dare to go home with the job unfinished.Unit 7Part TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the General Organization of the Textpara. 1-2(c); para. 3-9(a); para. 10-13(d); para. 14-16(b)2. Understanding Detailed Information1）CBDCB 2）ADVocabulary1. 1）waring 2）developments 3）possibilities 4）alarming 5）mistaken6）discomfort 7）uncertainty 8）confusing 9）anxiety 10）supportive2. 1）if 2）was/am faced with 3）strategy 4）outcome 5）unless 6）inhibit 7）take action 8）confused 9）audience 10）created/has created3. 1）with 2）with 3）by 4）by/at 5）of 6）into 7）about/of 8）likeTranslation1. We are considering selling the house.2. I suggest he wait a while before he makes an decisions.3. John is very likely to come to the party tomorrow.4. We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.5. You shouldn’t have gone back t the burning building, you might have been badly/seriously burnt.6. It/The thought had never crossed my mind that there might bea problem.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar ReviewSTEP ONEVerbs: desire, determine, intend, maintain, order, urge, etc. Nouns: motion, pray, recommendation, etc.Adjectives: desirable, possible, urgent, vital, etc.STEP TWO1）be dropped 2）bring 3）leave 4）go 5）be warned6）do 7）finish 8）be finished 9）be held 10）have2 Vocabulary Review1）A.rate B.speed/rate C.speed2）A.payments B.loan C.loan D.Payment3）A.waiting B.awaited C.awaiting4）A.flesh B.flesh C.flesh5）A.escaped B.escaped/avoided C.avoided D.avoidedUnit 8Part TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Structure of the Passagepara.1 One of the famous love stories in history.para.2-3 Their lives before they knew each other.para.4-6 How they met and fell in love with each other.para.7 Their life together.2. Understanding Specific Information1）TFFTF 2）TTFVocabulary1. Section A1）add/added up to 2）criticize 3）fell/fall in love 4）take place5）miracle 6）arranged 7）by name 8）primarily9）face to face 10）By the age of 11）A great deal 12）ceremony 2. Section A1）IAJFD 6）HBCGESection B1）common 2）childhood 3）compatible 4）correspondence 5）diminished6）eccentric 7）miracle 8）impersonal 9）passion 10）popular Translation1. World War II took place in 1945.2. My grandfather drinks a great deal.3. He was still working by the age of 65.4. The teacher knows all his students by name.5. The police have finally succeeded in solving the mystery.6. He likes all kinds of sports, but most of all, basketball.7. Talking on the phone is different from talking face to face.8. They fell in love with each other because they had common interests.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar Review1）Right in front of our house was a wide river.2）From the room came the sound of children singing.3）Beneath the streets of a modern city exists a network of pipes.4）Amused by the joke, he couldn't help laughing loudly.5）Interested in music, she spends all her pocket money on records.6）Absorbed in his experiment, he didn't notice my entering the laboratory.Unit 9Part OnePREPARATION3 What Is This Special Day?On/of, on/of, at/for, by, on, on/at, inPart TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Scanning for Specific InformationFor:1）It is fun for children.2）It gets you out of the usual routine.3）People are friendlier.4）Giving presents can be very satisfying.5）One can concentrate on non-commercial values.6）It is time to pause and reflect.7）The preparations，like decorating the house，are fun.8）It is a time to be with friends.9）There are all kind of delicious foods.10）It is a holy day.Against:1）It is an unchristian, and purely alcoholic occasion.2）It is a waste of money.3）People don't think about others who are less fortunate.4）It is a wasteful and thoughtless ceremony.5）It's all "humbug" or hypocritical.6）People eat too much or eat food they don't want.7）It's disappointing for poor people who can't afford to spend a lot of money.8）It is no longer a religious celebration, it has lost its meaning.2. Understanding Specific InformationCCABCCVocabulary1. 1）A. childish B. child C. childhood D. childlike2) A. Commercially B. commercial C. commerce D. commercials E. non-commercial 3）A. exciting B. excite C. excited D. excited E. excitement4）A. satisfied B. satisfy C. satisfaction D. satisfying E. satisfactorily2. 1）BBAAA 2）BA3. 1）fired 2）boiled 3）steamed 4）roasted 5）baked 6）toasted Translation1. The topic of the speech is announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker is not.2. It seemed incredible that some students still playedfootball before the exams.3. Mr. Auden is a happy man who derives pleasure from helping others.4. Two Americans shared last yea r’s Nobel Prize for Medicine.5. First o f all I’d like to welcome you to the me eting.6. I’m not accustomed to such luxury. It’s a waste of money.7. The results of the exam will be put up on Friday afternoon.8. Some cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT2. Vocabulary Review1）rival 2）recognized 3）polluting 4）misleading 5）economic 6）luxury 7）debts 8）routine 9）represent 10）tradition11）ideal 12）promote 13）apology 14）attitude 15）convincingUnit 10Part OnePREPARATION2 Word Association1）wheat cucumber oat pumpkin strawberry pepper corn pea mushroom lemon grapefruit orange watermelon2）cattle turkey goose goat duck dog sheep cow pig3）sickle tractor fork spade plow bucket4）processing weeding tilling irrigation fertilization plowing harvesting storage3. A True Or False Game1）TFTFF 6）FFTFTPart TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Understanding Organization of the passage2）A. destructive to the developmentB. the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleumD. policies, eating habits3）sustainable2. Understanding Specific Information1）DBDBD 6）CDAVocabularyaddition chemistry/chemicalgeneration/generator destructiveness/destructionmixture/mix hungerreduction importancetransportation distanceimprovement politicsprotection efficiencytreatment productivity2. 1）prevention 2）hopeless 3）development 4）poverty 5）wasteful6）economic 7）solution 8）pollution/being polluted9）successful 10）industrial 11）global 12）agricultural3. 1）A. n. money in the form of notes and coinsB. v. exchange the check for money2）A. n. a substance which is used to provide heat or power,usually by burningB. v. provide with fuel3）A. n. a change made to a system, especially a political system, in order to improve itB. v. change something such as a law, system or public organization, so that it operation with more justice andfairness4）A. n. the parts that remain when the rest of a building has been destroyedB. v. spoil or destroy severely or completely5）A. n. a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowingB. v. turn over earth especially with a plow6）A. v. bring in from abroadB. n. commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country7）A. n. "bring something under control" means to stop something dangerous from getting worse or affecting more people B. v. make a machine, a process, or system work in a particular way8）A. v. use more of something than one shouldB. n. material which has been used, but is no longer wanted4. Section A1）improve 2）avoid 3）treat 4）save 5）reduce 6）bring about 7）make use ofTranslation1. The best way to lose weight is to avoid eating fatty foods.2. One of the main causes of hunger used to be lack of transportation.3. Wasteful packaging will add to the price of food/food price.4. Economic reform would not be successful without the development of agriculture.5. The farmers will grow more cash crops next year instead of grains.6. At present, there are still places in the world wherefarmers make use of animal labor.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Grammar Review1）drink 2）getting 3）trying 4）buying 5）eating6）make/to make 7）to feed 8）going 9）farming 10）to miss 2 Vocabulary Review1）product 2）production 3）productivity 4）produces 5）products6）production 7）productive 8）producer 9）reproduced 10）produce。
全新版大学英语综合教程1(第二版)课后练习答案
全新版大学英语综合教程1（第二版）课后练习答案.Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-reading TaskScript for the recording:Have you ever heard of the pop singer, John Lennon? Here he is singing a song he wrote for his son. It's called Beautiful Boy.Close your eyes Have no rearThe monster s toneHe's on the run and your daddy's hereBeautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boyBeautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boyBefore you go to sleep Say a little prayer1 John Lennon (1940-1980): First became famous as a singer and guitaristin the Beatles, a British rock group, writing many of their most successfulhits. Later he left the group, but continued to be popular as a singer and songwriter..66 - Appendix IEvery day in every way It's getting better and better Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boyBeautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boyOut on the ocean sailing away I can hardly wait To see you come of ageBut I guess we’ll both just have to be patient ‘Cause it's a long way to go A bard row to hoe Yes it's a long way to goBut in the meantimeBefore you cross the street Take my bandLife is what happens to you While you're busy making other plans Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boyBeautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boyBefore you go to sleep Say a little prayer Every day in every way It's getting better and better1 A hard row to hoe: To hoe is to use a special farming tool, a hoe, to clear small weeds and break up the surface of the soil. The row referred to is a row of plants..Appendix IBeautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Darling, darling, darling Darling Sean- $9 -You've just heard John Lennon singing a lullaby to his son Sean. A lullaby is a song we sing to help babies to go to sleep. So he tells Sean \he looksinto the future. He sees his son setting out on life's adventure:Out on the ocean sailing awayAnd he can hardly wait to see his son grow up, to reach eighteen when he comes of age and celebrates becoming an adult. But he knows they'll both haveto be patientCause it'a long way to go A hard row to hoeGrowing up can be difficult. At times it can, as we say, be a hard row to hoe. It's a phrase we use to describe any difficult task.But if growing up is sometimes hard, it is also full of surprises. Things happen when we least expect them:Lire is what happens to youWhile you're busy making other plansI think you'll find the stories you are going to read in this unit show that John Lennon was right: growing up can be quite an adventure, full of the unexpected.As for John Lennon, sadly he never did live to see his son grow up and come of age, for John was shot dead by a madman in New York while Sean wasstill only five years old..- 90 - Appendix IPart II Text AText organization l.Paragraphs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.Headings Baker's feelings about English courses Baker's impression of his new English teacher A topic that attracts Baker's attention Vivid memories the title brought back Baker's sudden desire to write about that topicAnticipating punishment Mr. Fleagle's announcement Classmates' response to the essay What Baker discovered Parts Part i Part II Part III Paragraphs Paras 1-2 Paras 3-5 Paras 6-9 Main Ideas Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including essay writing. Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy. The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life. .Appendix I - 91 -VocabularyI. 1. 1) arguments3) sequence 5) tedious 7) reputation 9) off and on 11) associate ... with 13) finally 15) tackle 2. 1) George hasbeen assigned to the newspaper's Paris office.2) There is a possibility that his wish to become a writer will come true.3) She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty years' time. 4) When the officer gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5) As long as people keep buying bikes we'll keep turning them out.3. 1) Mr. Green is very dull as a lecturer. He's rigid and old fashioned, and doesn't seem to have the faintest idea of how to inspire. I always get bored with / by his lectures. 2) Alan's essays are long and tedious to read. What's more, his arguments are often based on out of date ideas. 3) I was pleasantly surprised at my ability to compose an essay that the professor chose to read to the class. It was without doubt one of the happiest moments in my school career, but I did my best to avoid showing pleasure. When the professor offered me his congratulations, however, I could hardly hold back a smile. II. Synonyms in Context 1. composed 3. agony 5. recall 7. was violating III. Collocation 1. at 3. of 5. as 7. to2. for 4. with 6. about 8. in, in 2. severe 4. extraordinary 6. command 8. anticipate2) put ... down 4) rigid 6) hold back 8) distribute 10) vivid 12) congratulations 14) turn in/turn out感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程1 Unit6课件
Paragraph Writing
Tips for Para. writing
Part I Pre-reading Task Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions: 1. What do you know about Michael Jackson? 2. How does he feel about Ben? Why? 3. Do you think the song Ben reveals something about the relationship between man and animals? If so, what is it? 4. Is the song related to the theme of the unit — animal intelligence? How?
Tale of a Whale Why would an animal want to cooperate with a human? Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so. This is true, but I don't think it goes far enough. Gail Laule, a consultant on animal behavior, speaks of Orky, a killer whale, she knew. "Of all the animals I've worked with, he was the most intelligent," she says. "He would assess a situation and then do something based on the judgments he made." Like the time he helped save a family member. When Orky's mate, Corky, gave birth, the baby did not thrive at first, and keepers took the little whale out of the tank by stretcher for emergency care. Things began to go wrong when they returned the baby whale to the tank. As the workers halted the stretcher a few meters above the water, the baby suddenly began throwing up through its mouth. The keepers feared it would choke, but they could not reach the baby to help it. Apparently sizing up the problem, Orky swam under the stretcher and allowed one of the men to stand on his head, something he'd never been trained to do. Then, using his tail to keep steady, Orky let the keeper reach up and release the 420-pound baby so that it could slide into the water within reach of help.
全新版大学英语综合教程1(第二版)课后答案
全新版大学英语综合教程1(第二版)课后答案在全新版大学英语综合教程1(第二版)中，每一课的课后答案是很重要的，因为它们可以帮助学生检验自己的学习成果，找到学习中的不足之处，并加以纠正。
下面是第一课至第十课的部分答案，供学生参考：Lesson 1Part I1. D2. B3. A4. C5. DPart II1. deputy2. colleague3. mattress4. meanwhile5. nonsenseLesson 2Part I1. C2. B3. A4. C5. DPart II1. nest2. hurricane3. carve4. elastic5. treadLesson 3Part I1. A2. C3. B4. D5. CPart II1. pasture2. dwarf3. stall4. tangible5. kin Lesson 4Part I1. B2. D3. A4. C5. APart II1. soar2. torch3. scatter4. heir5. kneelLesson 5Part I1. C2. A3. B4. D5. APart II1. parcel2. albeit3. climax4. seam5. amplify Lesson 6Part I1. A2. D3. C4. B5. DPart II1. commonplace2. tramp3. tangle4. cling5. utensil Lesson 7Part I1. C2. B3. D4. A5. CPart II1. stance2. clatter3. adjunct4. clog5. flourish Lesson 8Part I1. A2. D3. C4. B5. DPart II1. conspicuous2. suffice3. ornament4. flatter5. stir Lesson 9Part I1. B2. C3. D4. A5. CPart II1. pigeon2. span3. nuisance4. paranoid5. brood Lesson 10Part I1. C2. A3. B4. D5. APart II1. clip2. retort3. thrive4. mound5. veil以上是第一至第十课的部分答案，希望同学们认真对照课本内容，检验自己的答题情况，不断提高英语水平。
施心远听力教程1[第二版]听力原文及答案解析
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施心远听力教程1(第二版)听力原文及答案UNIT 1 Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics Exercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. Woman 1: I've got good news (1) for you! Woman 2: Oh, yes? Woman 1: I'm getting married. Man: Well, well! (2) Who's the lucky man? Do we know him? Woman 1: Of course you (3) know him! It's David! Woman 2: (4) That's wonderful news! Man: I'm sure (5) you'll be very happy. Woman 2: (6) When's the wedding? Woman 1: Next June. (7)we're going to have a big June wedding! Woman 2: Are we invited? Woman 1: Of course! I hope you (8) can all come. Part 2 Listening and Note-taking Telephone rings for a long time. Operator: Redman Electronics. Can I help you? V oice: At last! Why don't you answer the phone? Operator: I'm sorry. I was downstairs. V oice: Well, can I speak to Mr. Redman please?Operator: I'm afraid he isn't here at the moment. He's on holiday. He's in the South of France. V oice: What about Mr. Gray — extension 322. Operator: Mr. Gray's at home. V oice: Well, may I speak to Mr. Redman's secretary? Operator: She isn't in today. She's at her sister's. V oice: I see. Then I'd like to speak to Mr. Gray's secretary. Operator: Miss Jones? V oice: That's right. Operator: Sorry. She isn't in. She's gone to the hairdresser's. V oice: Who is in today? Operator: Well, I am. But I'm going home soon. Who is it please?Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and take notes. Exercise B: Complete the following sentences. Where are they? Mr. Redman is on holiday in the South of France. Mr. Gray is at home. Mr. Redman's secretary is at her sister's. Mr. Gray's secretary, Miss Jones, is at the hairdresser's.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueDialogue 1 HelloWoman 1 : Professor Andrews, this is Dr. Baxter. Woman 2: How do you do? Man: How do you do? Man l: Hello, Al. How are you? Man 2: Fine, thanks, Eric. Nice to see you again. Woman I: Sally, do you know Steve? Woman 2: No, how do you do? Man: Hello, Sally. I'm glad to meet you. Man l: Tony, I'd like to introduce lny friend Mary Parker. Man 2: Oh, hello. I've heard so much about you. Woman: Hello. Woman: May I introduce myself? My name is Susan Roper. Man: Oh, hello. I'm John Lee. I'm sorry, I didn't catch your name. Exercise: Listen to some people talking at a party. Who is talking to whom? Who has known whom before? Complete the following sentences. Names in the box are for your reference.1. Professor Andrews is talking to Dr. Baxter.2. A1 is talking to Eric.3. Sally is talking to Steve.4. Tony is talking to Maw Parker.5. Susan Rotter is talking to John Lee.6. A/and EL have known each other before.7. Tony has known Mary Parker before.Dialogue 2 welcome to BristolEtienne has just arrived in England, Etienne: Hello, Are you Mrs. Baker? I'm Etienne Bertrand, from Switzerland. Mrs. Baker: Hello, Etienne. Come in. Welcome to Bristol. Etienne: Hello. Pleased to meet you, Mrs. Baker. Mrs. Baker: Oh, call me Nicola. And this is my husband, Nigel. Mr. Baker: How was your trip? No hijacks? Etienne: No, it was all right, thank you. But the plane was late and the airport was crowded Mr. Baker: Well, it's the holiday season. You expect it at this time of the year. Here, let me take your bags upstairs. Etienne: Oh, that's all right. I'll take this one. it's heavy. Mr. Baker: Well. Here's your room. I hope it's big enough for you and not too cold. We do have central heating but it doesn't work very well There are extra blankets in the cupboard, I think. Oh, well ??? Nicola, where are the blankets? Let's go down and meet the rest of the family.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. Etienne Bertrand is from Switzerland. (I'm Etienne Bertrand, from Switzerland.) T 2. The Bakers are expecting Mr. Bertrand. (Mrs. Baker says "Hello, Etienne. Come in. Welcome to Bristol.") T 3. There have probably been hijacks in recent days. (Mr. Baker says "How was your trip? No hijacks?" and Etienne answers "No, it was all fight, thank you/" We may draw a conclusion that they were serious.) F 4. the plane was late because there had been a hijack attempt. (The plane was late probably because it was the holiday season.) T 5. The airport is usually crowded at this time of the year. (It is the holiday season.) T 6. It is probably still cold. (Mr. Baker mentions central heating and tells Etienne to use extra blankets if he feels too cold.) F 7. The central heating doesn't work. (It doesn't work very well.) T 8. Mr. Baker can't find the blankets. (Mr. Baker asks Mrs. Baker where the blankets are.)Part 2 PassagesPassage 1 A young waiterThe most interesting part of the little town was the market square, which was surrounded by cafes, restaurants and small shops full of all kinds of cheap goods likely to attract tourists. At this time of the year it was not very crowded. It was a lovely day with only a few little white clouds, like puffs* of smoke, in the sky. It was not too hot, as it sometimes was during the summer, but pleasantly warm. Edward and Ann sat down at a table outside one of the cafes. After they had been sitting there enjoying the sunshine for a few minutes, a young waiter, not much more than a boy, came to take their order. He spoke no English, but after a lot of laughter and pointing at the menu, they thought they had managed to make him understand that all they wanted was ice cream. There were several flavors*, lemon, chocolate, coffee, orange and vanilla* and they both chose coffee, "I love coffee ice cream," said Ana. After a little while the waiter returned. He was carrying a big tray, which he set down very carefully on the table in front of Edward and Ann. There were two cups of coffee and two plain ice creams on the tray. "We didn't order coffee," said Edward crossly*, "we ordered coffee ice cream. He ought to be able to understand simple English." The waiter smiled and looked pleased."No," said Ann laughing, "it's his country. We ought to be able to speak his language."Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.B 2.C 3,D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. APassage 2 greeting and introductionsGreetings and introductions are an essential aspect of US culture. The importance of w If you are with a group of English-speaking people and the conversation is going on in English, do not use your native or any foreign language for more than a few sentences, as it is not considered to be polite. Try to avoid using any filthy*, sexually explicit* stories or jokes. When you are in a theatre, it's not polite to talk or whisper during the performance.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.I.B 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B Part 3 News News Item 1 In Houston Texas, a federal investigating jury* has charged the Arthur Andersen Company with blocking efforts to seek justice in the Enron case. Arthur Andersen employees kept financial records and provided advice to the failed energy company Enron. The charges say Arthur Andersen destroyed tons of documents while an investigation was taking place after Enron's failure. The Arthur Andersen* Company condemned* the charges as a serious misuse of government power. Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. Arthur Andersen Company is charged with blocking investigation in the Enron case.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. Arthur Andersen Company was the energy company Enron's business partner. (Arthur Andersen Company just keptfinancial records and provided advice to the energy company Enron.) T 2. Arthur Andersen destroyed important documents. (Arthur Andersen destroyed tons of documents while an investigation was taking place after Enron's failure.) T 3. The Arthur Andersen Company did not agree with the charges. (The Arthur Andersen Company condemned the charges as a serious misuse of government power.)News Item 2 Russian engineers and an American company have presented a model of the first space vehicle designed for pleasure tips. They presented the full size model in Zhukovskiy*, Russia. They say the space plane should be ready in three years. Travelers would experience three minutes of zero gravity during a one-hour flight. The vehicle would hold a pilot and two passengers. A flight would cost about $100,000.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. This item is about a model of the first space vehicle designed for pleasure trips.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete the following blanks. Possible time: in three years Vehicle size: can hold a pilot and two passengers Special experience: three minutes of zero gravity Length of the trip: _one hourCost:$100,000News Item 3 World leaders at a United Nations1 conference in Monterrey, Mexico, have urged wealthy nations to increase their foreign aid. Peruvian president spoke Thursday at the UN conference on financing for development. Mr Toledo* said terrorism could grow if poor countries do not receive help. He returned home earlier because of the bombing in Lima. Economic leaders and political activists told the conference that poverty is a major throat to world peace. The United Nations wants 22 industrial nations to increase their foreign aid by 100,000 million dollars. The goal is to reduce by half the number of the poor by the year 2015. President Bush says a bombing near the United States Embassy in Lima will not stop him from going to Peru on Saturday. The attack Wednesday night killed at least nine people mid wounded many others. Mr Bush says he is sure Peru's president will do everything possible to make Lima safe for his trip. No group has claimed responsibility for the attack.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. This news item is about a [IN conference on financing for development. Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. BSection 3 Oral Work Part 1 Questions and Answers Peter and William have just arrived at the door of Peter's house. Peter islooking in all his pockets. Peter: Oh dear. I can't find my door key. Williams: If your sister Ann's at home, she'll let us in, won't she? Peter: She's out. The door wouldn't be locked if she was at home. William: Let's hope it doesn't rain again then. If it does we'll get soaked. Peter:I tell you what. If you let me climb on your shoulders, Fit get in through the pantry*window. William: Right. Up you go. (sound effects) What's the matter? Peter: It's no good. If it were two inches wider, I could do it. William: And all the other windows are shut, otherwise it would be easy. Peter: 1 suppose we could break one. William: I don't think your father would be very pleased if we did. Peter: No, I don't suppose he would. Well, what shall we do? William: I don't know. If only you weren't so careless, you wouldn't get into such trouble. Peter: Walt! What's this in the grass? William: Your key! You must have dropped it when you came out. You really are careless. Peter: Itfs lucky I am, really, otherwise we'd have to wait till Ann comes home. Exercise" Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it, You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it. Questions:1. What is Peter looking for?(He is looking for his door key.)2. Is Ann at home?(No, she is not at home.)3. What is William worrying about?(He is worrying about the weather.)4. What does Peter want to do?(He wants to get into the house through the pantry window.)5. Why can't he get in through the window? (Because the window is not wideenough.)6. Peter's father won't mind if Peter breaks one of the windows, will he'? (Yes, hewill.)7. Where is the door key'? (It's in the grass.)g. What does William think of Peter? (He thinks he is really careless.) Par2 RetellingThe children had desperately wanted to go to the circus. Every day after school they had gone down to the field behind the pub to see what was happening. First the men had put up tile big tent, and then moved in all the seats, and finally they had fixed the coloured lights round the outside of the tent.In another part of the field, the children watched as the animals were fed and exercised. Sometimes, to their delight, two young women stood on the horses' backs and galloped round and round. But the most exciting moment of all was when the trainer allowed them to watch him go into them lions' cage. The children were sure he would be attacked, but he came out again unhurt and smiling. At last the opening night came round. Then the most terrible thing happened; their mother forbade them to go because she said it was unkind to put animals in a circus. The children were unable to make her change her mind, and they had to sit at home while the music and lights in the field reminded them of what they were missing. Exercise: Listen to the passage and then retell it in your own words. Youwill hear the passage only once.Section Four Supplementary Exercises Part1 Listening ComprehensionThe native people of North and South America were given the name "Indians" by the explorer Christopher Columbus*. He thought he had reached a place called the Indies. In time, the terms American Indian and Indian became widely used. About 2,000,000 native Americans live in the United States today. Some Indians live on government lands called reservations*, or on tribal* lands. Others live in cities. Traditional culture remains strong in areas where large numbers of Indians live. But many native Americans worry that their cultural traditions will be lost as young people leave these areas for economic reasons. The economic situation of American Indians as a group is not good. About 50% of those who live on reservations have no jobs. Those who do have jobs earn less than other Americans. Most Indians hold low-paying unskilled jobs. Indians have many health problems and do not live as long as other Americans. But the situation is improving as more Indians are becoming educated. Today, most native Americans graduate from high school. At least 9% of all Indians 25 years old or older have finished college. The economic situation also has improved as native American tribes* create businesses on their lands. One example is the Pequot tribe of the northeast. The tribe owns and operates a hotel, gambling casino*, and a museum of its culture and history. Today, American Indians are trying to control their land without interference from the government. This includes control over hunting and fishingrights, and mining* operations. They are trying to protect their land from pollution. And they are taking legal action to regain lost lands or to receive payment for them. American Indians are trying to change their economic situation, improve their lives and honor* their culture.Exercise: Listen to the passage about the American Indians and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. l.C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. BPart 2 Oral Work I work in a small office from 9 till 5 Monday to Friday. Occasionally my boss asks me to come in on a Saturday morning as well. I don't earn a large salary and my job is rather dull, really. But I have a secret dream. My dream is to make a return flight to New York on Concorde. 1 know people say rude things about it. They say that it's noisy and expensive and that it uses too much fuel, and ... My problem is that I can only afford to put aside -5 a week and a return ticket to New York costs over -1,000. Then of course New York is quite an expensive city, they say. Never mind. One day, perhaps ...Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topics. 1. Do you think the speaker's secret dream could be realized? If so, how?2. What is your dream? What will you do to realize your own dream?Unit TwoSection 1 Tactics for Listening Part 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape- Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. Woman: Good evening. Man: Good evening. Can you ( 1 ) make up this prescription, please? Woman: Certainly. (2) Would you like to wait? Man: How long (3) will it take? Woman: (4)Itfll be ready in twenty minutes. Man: Oh, (5) I'll come back later. Woman: All right, sir, Man: (6) Shall I pay now or later? Woman: (7) Later'll be all rightPart 2 Listening and Note-taking Man: Excuse me. How can I get to the station please? Woman: The station, the station, the station ...let me see. Ah, yes. You can go down ... no. Go straight on until you come to a cinema. Let's see now—that's the second turn on your right. The cinema's on the corner. Turn right at the cinema and you'll be in Bridge Street. I think it's Bridge Street. Go along Bridge Street fora few minutes and then take the second — no, not the second, the first, that's fight, the first turning. On your left. The station is straight ahead, right in front of you. Man: So that's second right and first left. Thank you very much. That's very kind of you. Woman: Don't mention it.Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and take notes. Exercise B: Use the information from your notes to mark the places and streets mentioned in the conversation on the sketch map.Part 1 DialogueSection 2 Listening Comprehension Dialogue 1 where did you living now ?Interviewer: You say you moved out of London five years ago? Alistair: Yes, I did. ] lived in Hampstead*. Interviewer: That's very close to the centre, isn't it? Alistair: Yes, quite close. 1 went to work by bicycle — I worked in Oxford Street. It took about half an hour. Interviewer: And why did you move? Did you change jobs? Alistair: Well, yes, I did. I worked for an advertising agency then. Now I workfor a newspaper. But that isn't the reason. I moved because London is so dirty and there's so much stress— Interviewer: And now you live in -. Alistair: Oh, right in the country. The nearest station is rather far, about 15 miles away, but the village is fairly close to London, about 40 miles. I still work in London. Interviewer: So how long does it take you to get to work? Alistair: Oh, less than an hour and a half, door to door.Exercise A: Listen o the interview and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The man lives in Hampstead now. (The man used to live in Hampstead.) T 2. The man has changed his job. (He worked for an advertising agency five years ago but now he works for a newspaper.) F 3. The place where the man lives now is about 15 miles away from London. (The nearest station is rather far about 15 miles away, but the village is fairly close to London, about 40 miles.)Exercise B: Listen to the interview again and answer the following questions.1. Why did the man move out of London?(Because he finds that London is so dirty and there's so much stress.)2. Where does he live now?(He lives in a village in the country, about 40 miles away from London.)3. How did he use to go to work?(He used to go to work by bicycle.)4. How does he go to work now?(Most likely he goes to work by car now because he said that it takes him less than an hour and a half, door to door, to get to work.) 5. Where does he work now? (He works for a newspaper now.)Dialogue 2 Have you ever lived abroad Interviewer: Have you ever lived abroad, Phyllis? Phyllis: Yes, I have actually. What about you? Interviewer: No, unfortunately I haven't. Phyllis: Oh, what a shame! Interviewer. Where did you live when you were abroad? Phyllis: I lived in Australia. Interviewer: Really? That's a long way away. Phyllis: Uhm, uhm, yes!Interviewer: How long were you there for? Phyllis: I was there for twelve years Interviewer: Oh! What a long time! Phyllis: Yes. Rather, Interviewer: Erin. So how long have you been back in the UK? Phyllis: I've been back about, erm. ten years now, Interviewer: Uhm, uhm, When you were in Australia, did you think of it as your home? Phyllis: Well, it depends on what, you mean by home. When 1 was... home to me is being near the people you're fond of. Interviewer: Uhm. uhm. yeah. So does that mean that your family were with you in Australia? Phyllis: Yes, they were there with me. Interviewer: And presumably they've ... they came back to the UK? Phyllis: Yes, they did. They came back with me, Interviewer: Uhm, uhm. Erin, if you had a choice, where do you think you'd be living now? Phyllis: Oh. I would really like to go back to Australia Interviewer: Oh, yeah? Why's that? Phyllis: Well, for one thing, it's the climate. Interviewer: Uhm Phyllis: And. er. secondly, it's ... very relaxed. Interviewer: Oh? In what way? Phyllis: Well, you know, the wave of life, nobody hurries. Interviewer: Uhm. Is that at work as well as socially? Phyllis: That's right, everythingExercise: Listen to the interview and complete the following questionnaire. Part 2Passages Passage one welcome to London Welcome to London! You and seven million other tourists will fill Britain's capital city this season, jostling* each other along Oxford Street, getting lost on the Underground, staring at Buckingham Palace, and complaining about the food and the weather. What can you do when you're here? There are the obvious tourist attractions of royal London, the London of pageantry* and soldiers in fancy uniforms. There is historical London, with the ancient buildings and magnificent churches. A good introduction to all this can be found in the London Museum in the Barbican*. You can spend a lot of money, in shops from aristocratic* Knightsbridge* to democratic Marks and Spencer*, all of them anxious to receive travellers' cheques in almost any currency. There are many hotels at your service, and your chambermaid may Well be able to talk to you in your own language —though probably not in English, Restaurants are here by thehundred. You can eat your way round the world in London, from China to Argentina*, though you may have a bit of a job finding good English food Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.I.A 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. BPassage 2 entertainments in LondonYou come, of course, from all over the world, attracted by the comparative cheapness of London and its relatively new reputation as a good place to have fun — a reputation which really only dates from the mid 1960's, that era* of Swinging London,"* of pop stars and fashion photographers and dress designers. There's certainly no lack of entertainment. The British Theatre is world famous, and offers everything from Shakespeare to West End comedy*. There's a large numberof cinemas presenting films from all over the world. Every night of the week there are concerts. Classical or pop, take your choice. And of course night clubs will be happy to take large quantifies of cash from you in return for the illusion* of being sophisticated* and perhaps slightly wicked*. When it rains (and it will rain) there are museums and art galleries to give you shelter— and they're free! When it's fine, take a boat trip along the River Thames, downstream to Greenwich* or upstream to Hampton Court*. You may be exhausted by London; you may be cheated in London; you may not be able to get a drink when you want one, thanks to the ridiculous licensing laws; you may get wet and catch a cold; but you're not likely to be bored.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.I.C 7. B2. A 8. D3. D4. B5. D6. CPart 3 NewsNews Item 1 Russian Foreign Minister Igor lvanov* says he and American Secretary of State Colin Powell* will meet February 24th in Cairo. The meeting will be the first face-to-face talks between the two officials. Mr lvanov says Russian opposition to President Bush's plan to build a missile defense system will be discussed during the meeting. The announcement of the meeting followed the talks between Russian President Vladimir Putin* and German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer*. Mr Fischer was in Moscow to discuss arms issues. In Washington State Department officials confirm the meeting. Secretary Powell will visit the Middle East and Belgium* from February 23rd through the 27th.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about the meeting between Russian Foreign Minister and American Secretary of State on February 24th in Cairo.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why youthink the statement is true or false. F 1. Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov will meet American Secretary of State Colin Powell on February 21st in Cairo. (Russian Foreign Minister Igor lvanov will meet American State Colin Powell on February 24th in Cairo.) F 2. The meeting will be the fourth face-to-face talks between the two officials. (The meeting between the two officials.) T 3. Mr lvanov says they will discuss Russian opposition to President Bush's plan to build a missile defense system during the dent will be the first face-to-face talks Secretary ofmeeting. (Mr Ivanov says Russian opposition to Presi-Bush's plan to build a missile defense system will be discussed during the meeting.) T 4. Russia announced the meeting followed the talks between Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer. (The announcement of the meeting followed the talksbetween Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer.) F 5. Mr Fischer was in Washington to discuss arms issues, (Mr Fischer was in Moscow to discuss arms issues.)News item 2 Russian Foreign Minister Igor lvanov has called for (1) more talks about missile defense policy. Mr lnvamo is to meet with (2) American Secretary of State Colin Powell in Cairo Saturday. He told (3) reporters in Moscow that the time has come for (4) serious talks on the several issues affecting (5) relations between Russia end the United States. He said China and Europe should be included (6)in the talks. President Bush says that Mr Ivanov's (7) comments show that Russia understands (8) new threats to world security require (9) new defences. Russia is opposed to Mr Bush's proposal to build (10)) a missile defense system.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. This news item is about Russia's calling for more talks about United State's missile defense policy. Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete the following passage.NEWS ITEM 3 Russia has given NATO* a proposal for a European Missile Defense System. Defense Minister Igor Sergeyev presented the plan to visiting NATO Secretary General George Rolbertson*. Mr Robertson says the Russian plan is evident* that Russia and NATO recognize the possible threat of missile attacks from some countries. Russia opposes a missile defense system planned for the United States. Russia says the American。
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程1详细答案
第一单元Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box.ignorant cultural sign up for gapbarely intelligent check in memoirmuscle ballroom1. Music and literature are important features of every society. Correct answer cultural2. Sally decided to the drama club. Correct answer sign up for3. I felt embarrassingly when I couldn't answer the professor's question. Correct answer ignorant4. Mario had finished talking before Luisa changed the subject. Correct answer barely5. I've been thinking about volunteering in South-east Asia during my year. Correct answer gap6. The beautiful has been home to many lovely concerts and dances. Correct answer ballroom7. After you to the hotel, call me and we can meet for dinner. Correct answer check in8. My roommate and I visit the gym every other day so we can build . Correct answer muscle9. Not everyone has had an interesting life worthy of a . Correct answer memoir10.Her psychology thesis examines whether cats are more than dogs. Correct answer intelligentSection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Please send all correspondence to my new place of __C__.A. residentB. residentsC. residenceD. residue12. The professor tried to __A__ us that there would be no surprise test next week.A. assureB. sureC. ensureD. pressure13. My paper is about nature's ability to _D___ potential threats.A. inspectB. infectC. deflectD. detect14. The student did an __C__ thing when she returned the money she found.A. admireB. admiringC. admirableD. admiringly15. We learned about the __D__ people in that country experienced throughout history.A. persecuteB. persecutedC. persecutingD. persecution16. Would you like a small __A__ of my coffee?A. sipB. nibbleC. swallowD. bite17. Be careful you don't __B__ the paint!A. spellB. spillC. spoilD. sip18. Tom felt foolish and __D__ when he showed up for the final exam without a pencil.A. adequateB. adequatelyC. inadequatelyD. inadequate19. Before class, I met my friends at the school __C__ for lunch.A. libraryB. gymnasiumC. cafeteriaD. ballroom20. After graduation, Cindy framed her __B__ and hung it on her bedroom wall.A. certificateB. diplomaC. qualificationD. recordSection C: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. At the end of the day, Diane climbed bed for a good night's rest. Correct answer up into22. How could you sleep last night? You must have heard the thunderstorm! Correct answer surely23. She is American, so many people are surprised that she can speak Chinese an accent. Correct answer without24. The whole situation was so ridiculous that I simply burst laughter. Correct answer into25. Pablo looked at the new camera ; he wanted it but could not afford it. Correct answer admiringly26. She explained that the class was about the so-called children the Renaissance. Correct answer of27. If you learn the history of your country, it will provide you a priceless insight into your culture. Correct answer with28. Did you sign up the biology class? Correct answer for29. Simon passed the course with a 70 per cent average. Correct answer barely30. the long run, university is well worth the expense. Correct answer InPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Tanya wants to study abroad in Europe. To prepare herself, she reads online about places she might like to go. She needs to do enough research to make an informed and (31) .One of the main reasons she wants to study abroad is because she doesn't want to graduate and be (32) of other countries and cultures.She is looking for a unique (33) experience that she can't have at home.What about Paris? The school and the city are both wonderful. However, prices for a decent (34) in Paris are too high — she can't afford it. Madrid? She looks (35) at the beautiful campus in the picture on the school's website. How she would love to be there! However, without speaking Spanish, Tanya decides she would feel sadly (36) studying in Madrid.Then Tanya thinks about London. They speak English there and the school prices are reasonable. Also, the (37) would be very convenient to travel around the city without a car. Tanya decides to (38) up for a semester in London.She is surprised that she was able to surf the Internet and make a decision without moving a (39) ! Tanya is very excited for the time she will spend in London. Maybe she will even write a(n) (40) of her experiences! Correct answer(31) intelligent (32) ignorant (33) cultural (34) residence (35) admiringly(36) inadequate (37) subway (38) sign (39) muscle (40) memoir第二单元Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box.manufacturer popularity enormous highlyemotion confess trait slipperymelt perception flavour luxurypaste region juicy nonsenseproperties despair release vitamins1. The of the juice was a mix of mango and strawberry. Correct answer flavour2. I think the texture of tofu adds to the experience of eating it. Correct answer slippery3. Do you know which of China is famous for spicy food? Correct answer region4. The young generation need to get a clear of their responsibilities. Correct answer perception5. Sarah shook her head in as she realized she would never learn how to make sushi. Correct answer despair6. I was surprised at the of coffee among young people in China. Correct answer popularity7. His favourite snack is a steamed bun with a filling of sesame . Correct answer paste8. I must that I am in the minority of people who don't like pizza. Correct answer confess9. The new French restaurant was recommended by a review in the local newspaper. Correct answer highly10. John eats a lot of fruit because his doctor told him he needs the and minerals. Correct answer vitamins11. The furniture had to work overtime to fill all the orders from new restaurants downtown. Correct answer manufacturer12. The ability to eat extremely spicy food is a(n) I must have inherited from my father. Correct answer trait13. The herb appears to have healing that cure people with skin disorders. Correct answer properties14. A(n) amount of beef is eaten by Americans every year. Correct answer enormous15. She only likes to travel in complete : first-class tickets, fine wines, and expensive food. Correct answer luxury16. Don't let the chocolate bar sit in the sun too long or it will everywhere. Correct answer melt17. I went fishing with my brother last weekend but had to all my fish because they were too small. Correct answer release18. Stefan returned the steak because it was too ; he wanted it cooked for a longer time. Correct answer juicy19. The I feel when I eat lasagna is strong; it reminds me of my grandmother's cooking. Correct answer emotion20. The idea that donuts and cookies are healthy foods is total ! Correct answer nonsense Section B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21. Mexico, is famous for tacos and burritos, actually has a wide range of dishes. Correct answer which22. Once I came age, my father thought I needed to try pig's feet — the specialty of his hometown. Correct answer of23. Chocolate has absolutely no effect me; I can take it or leave it. Correct answer on24. Non-smokers also hate the smell of cigarette, which usually clings a smoker's body even after they have washed their hands. Correct answer to25. The Chinese, are famous tea drinkers, grow much of the world's green tea. Correct answer who26. The couple spend an enormous portion money dining out and travelling. Correct answerof27. Nearly every country's food is available in New York City, German sausages and French bread to Japanese sushi and Chinese dumplings. Correct answer from28. Small, light dishes of different foods are popular in many places, including Hong Kong and Spain, it's called tapas. Correct answer where29. I really don't like snails, but Julia loves them! I guess there's just no accounting taste. Correct answer for30. The battery tools needed to eat some seafood just seems silly to me! Correct answer ofPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Sheila (31) took a class trip to a bubble gum factory. While she was there, her class took a tour and saw how the (32) makes thousands of sticks of gum each and every day! While many fads come and go, the (33) of bubble gum has remained constant for many years.On the tour, Sheila's class learned that gum is made from many different ingredients that are initially (34) together into a warm, sticky mixture. Sugar, syrup, and flavouring are then added to the mix. The factory was making grape gum, which is Sheila's favorite (35) , while her class was visiting.Once the mixture is complete, (36) machines blend and smooth the gum so that it can be flattened and cut into sticks. Some of the gum mixture is also squeezed into a(n) (37) and made into gumballs or other fun shapes. After the gum cools, more machines wrap each individual piece. The gum is then packaged and sent to stores.Learning how bubble gum is (38) really gave Sheila a sense of appreciation for how difficult it is to make her favourite snack. After the tour, each student was allowed to take one (39) of gum to chew on the way home. Sheila chose grape; it was so (40) and delicious! Correct answer(31)recently (32) manufacturer (33) popularity (34) melted (35) flavour (36) enormous(37) mould (38) manufactured (39) mouthful (40) juicyPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Many countries are famous for unique and delicious foods. China, Italy, France, India, and Japan are just some of the countries with famous national cuisines. In the past, people had to travel great distances in order to sample foods from other countries. Today, it has never been easier to try food from a different country every day.One of the most popular foods around the world is pizza. Though pizza has historical and cultural ties to Italy, many different types of pizza have developed outside of Italy and several have been adopted as signature dishes of the respective region.Pizza first appeared in Italy as a type of flat bread that was inexpensive and easy to make. By the 18th century, residents around Naples in southern Italy were famous for their baked flat breads covered in tomato sauce. To this day, people still travel to Naples to sample pizza in its birthplaceand Neapolitans (residents of Naples) are proud of this heritage. Indeed, the city continues to be famous for its delicious pizza.One of the first (and still most popular) varieties of pizza is called the Margherita, named after Queen Margherita of Savoy. This variety was her favourite because the colours of the ingredients matched the Italian flag — red (tomatoes), white (mozzarella cheese), and green (basil leaves). With increased trade, travel, and immigration throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, cultural traditions and cuisines spread around the world. Today, pizza is very popular in many countries, including the United States. New York City and Chicago are particularly famous for their unique styles of pizza. Pizzas today are also available with nearly every topping imaginable: mushrooms, peppers, sausage, pineapple, and anchovies, to name only a few. If you can think of it, chances are that someone's already tried putting it on a pizza!41. Which of the following best describes "signature dishes" (Para. 2, Line 3)? AA. Most famous food.B. Most expensive plate.C. Autographed plate.D. Most expensive food.42. Why was the Margherita pizza named after Queen Margherita of Savoy? DA. It was the first pizza ever made.B. It was the first pizza she ever ate.C. It was the most popular pizza in Italy.D. It was her favourite type of pizza.43. Which of the following is NOT a cause for the spread of cultural traditions? CA. Immigration.B. Trade.C. Cuisine.D. Travel.44. What can you infer was probably the first topping ever put on a pizza? BA. Mushrooms.B. Tomato sauce.C. Mozzarella cheese.D. Sausage.45. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the most famous varieties of pizza? CA. Neapolitan pizza.B. Chicago deep-dish pizza.C. France-style pan pizza.D. New York-style pizza.第三单元1. The researcher had a __B__ that academic achievement was linked to culture.A. suspenseB. suspicionC. suspectD. suspicious2. I would love to go to graduate school but the __D__ cost is too great.A. financeB. financingC. financierD. financial3. It is absolutely __C__ for children to learn foreign languages as early as possible.A. criticismB. criticC. criticalD. criticize4. There is no one I __A__ more than Albert Einstein. He's the reason I began studying physics.A. revereB. reverentC. reverentialD. revel5. The human brain is capable of __B__ thought, making us entirely different from any other animal on Earth.A. irrationalB. rationalC. rationD. rationing6. Studies have shown that computers are __D__ learning tools.A. effectB. affectC. affectiveD. effective7. Shawn's paintings are some of the most __B__ I have ever seen!A. createB. creativeC. creativityD. creatively8. Thomas did very well his exam and is taking the __C__ level chemistry class next semester.A. advisedB. advantagedC. advancedD. advertised9. Young children have a remarkable ability to __A__ information they have learned.A. recallB. revealC. releaseD. remain10. She couldn't concentrate on her test; her mother's __A__ in the room was too distracting.A. presenceB. presentsC. presentD. prescience11. The __C__ of Newton's influence on nearly every field of science is incredible.A. extendB. extantC. extentD. extinct12. He suggested that I __B__ my lecture notes to the computer.A. translateB. transferC. transformD. transit13. Galileo was heavily criticized because many people thought his __D__ ideas challenged the authority of religion.A. mundaneB. regularC. routineD. radical14. Please __A__ a list of questions to ask the scientist for an interview.A. generateB. generalC. generationD. generic15. Early man discovered that you could __B__ sticks together and make fire from the friction.A. touchB. rubC. pushD. pull16. How many famous biologists can you __C__?A. exemplifyB. horrifyC. identifyD. intensify17. Professor Clark's comment only makes sense if you understand the __A__ of the entire lecture.A. contextB. subtextC. pretextD. textbook18. The __D__ came up with many great ideas, but she couldn't prove any of them.A. theoryB. theoremC. theoriesD. theorist19. Don't __B__ the new students with too much homework right away.A. underwhelmB. overwhelmC. underrateD. overrate20. What do you think is the __D__ fist step towards proving our hypothesis?A. logicB. logicianC. logisticD. logicalSection B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21. Obviously, I didn't fail the exam purpose; in fact, I studied all week for it! Correct answeron22. Professor White likes to go his theories point by point, but I still don't believe they're correct. Correct answer through23. Many fans had waited ten hours outside the hotel to catch a glimpse their heroine. Correct answer of24. contrast to Chinese students, American students have much more time for activities like sports. Correct answer In25. He was to call Phil when the phone rang. Correct answer about26. It wasn't much a speech, but it's still one of the most famous in history. Correct answer of27. He wrapped his arms around her wife's waist and gently pulled her back to lean him. Correct answer through28. My new boss wants results by next week. So much a period of adjustment. Correct answer for29. "Don't get yourself bogged down minor details," the teacher told her students. Correct answer in30. Jessica peered the darkness, but for a while could see nothing.. Correct answer into第四单元Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box.tedious essential interfere undoubtedlycuriosity weird inquire uneasythoughtful distract1. She went into the store to about the newest touch screen mobile phone. Correct answer inquire2. People often criticize mobile phones and handheld devices because they with personal, face-to-face interactions. Correct answer interfere3. Snails always seemed like little animals to me. I don't understand why French people like to eat them. Correct answer weird4. Many places have laws against talking on mobile phones while driving because they easily drivers from the road. Correct answer distract5. Stephanie felt about spending three weeks in Peru since she couldn't speak any Spanish. Correct answer uneasy6. It is to understand cultural differences when you visit another country so that you don't offend anyone. Correct answer essential7. , mobile phones have the ability to connect people faster than any other form of communication. Correct answer undoubtedly8. Thomas spent a(n) 20 minutes talking with his insurance company by telephone.Correct answer tedious9. I've always had an intense about Japanese culture. Correct answer curiosity10. Chinese people have a reputation for being very because they are often so hospitable to their guests. Correct answer thoughtfulSection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. He didn't understand the ____A___ his attitude had on everyone's opinion of him.A. impactB. extentC. impulseD. excuse12. Let's strive to eliminate any further ____C___ by having open communication.A. confuseB. confusedC. confusionD. confusing13. To me, life without telephones and email would be a ___D____ existence indeed!A. solitudeB. soloC. solitaireD. solitary14. In South Africa, it's very common for guests to drop by a friend's house unannounced,___A____ in England, this might be considered rude.A. whereasB. whereC. thatD. which15. I couldn't even begin to ____B___ why she behaved so badly.A. knowB. speculateC. recognizeD. assume16. I offered to shake his hand on ___A____; I forgot that this is not normal in Japan.A. impulseB. repulsiveC. repulseD. impulsive17. Sonia read ___C____ every book on Germany before visiting last summer.A. necessarilyB. completelyC. practicallyD. undoubtedly。
新世纪大学英语综合教程第二版第一册教程
新世纪大学英语综合教程第二版第一册教程Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook OneUnit One: College LifePart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇ Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1. You may have imagined what college life would be like before you became a college student. Has it turned out to be what you expected? Provide examples in support of your answers.2. Whenever you think about college life, what are some of the things that come to mind? Following the examples given, make a list of such things in the following table. Share your answers with your group members and comment on each of the items you have listed as you go along.3. How do you like your college life so far? Give examples.4. What do you think is the most important thing to achieve at college? Explain.▇ Answers for reference:1. Possible positive comments on college life may include the following:academic atmosphere, good student accommodations, modern facilities for teaching and research, qualified professors, nice classmates, etc.Possible negative comments on college life may include the following:hard to get adjusted to the new environment, academic pressure, homesickness, problems in interpersonal relationships, poor food, etc.2.3. Possible examples are: carefree and colorful life, academic environment, friendship, a door leading to the outside world, etc.However, college life may also be boring for some students, because most of their time is spenton study, and they are far away from home, etc.4. Possible answers are: academic excellence, developing communicative skills and interpersonal relationshipsSection B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about education and see if you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes.Ralph Waldo Emerson⊙The things taught in schools and colleges are not an education, but the means to aneducation.— Ralph Waldo Emerson Interpretation:We don’t go to school or college to learn, but to seek the way to learn.About R. W. Emerson (1803–1882): R. W. Emerson,a US poet and writer who had great influence on the religious and philosophical thought of his time.W. B. Yeats⊙Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.— W. B. Yeats Interpretation:Instead of stuffing students with knowledge, real education aims at bringing out what is inside students and cultivating their potential.About W. B. Yeats (1865–1939): W. B. Yeats, an Irish writer of poems and plays, whose early work is often based on old Irish stories. He is considered one of the most important Irish writers, and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923.Galileo⊙You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.—GalileoInterpretation:Teaching doesn’t really help anyone, but it helps a person find out what he/she is good at.About Galileo (1564–1642): Galileo, an Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist whose many discoveries had a great influence on modern science. He discovered mountains and craters (月球表面的环形山) on the surface of the Moon, and his study of the changes in the appearance of Venus (金星) proved that it was moving around the Sun. He also discovered that if you drop objects of different weights from a high place, they fall at the same speed. He was punished by the inquisition (宗教法庭) because he believed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the centre of the universe.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “How to Select Your College major” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“How to Select.wmv”1.Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.Hi, this is Laura Turner, and today I’m going to talk to you about how to select your college major. I would like to tell you that if you select something that you love and that you’re passionate about, everything’s going to be fine and you’re going to get a great job with your degree, but of course this is not completely true. However, when you’re going to college, your primary reason for going to college is to educate yourself, which means to make yourself a better person both intellectually, spiritually, mentally, all of these things.2.Discuss the topic with your group members:What are the recommended concerns in selecting a college major according to the video clip?And how did you choose your current major?▇Answers for reference:According to the video clip, the main concerns should be: first, to choose something you really enjoy; second, to choose something your school is well known for.Script:Hi, this is Laura Turner, and today I’m going to talk to you about how to select your college major. I would like to tell you that if you select something that you love and thatyou’re passionate about, everything’s going to be fine and you’re going to g et a great job with your degree, but of course this is not completely true. However, when you’re going to college, your primary reason for going to college is to educate yourself, which means tomake yourself a better person both intellectually, spiritually, mentally, all of these things. So, whenever you choose your major, I would say yes, do choose something that you enjoy,because really if you are just in it to get a degree that will get you a high-paying job andyou’re not really passionate about this and you want to be an Engineering Major justbecause you know that’s going to make you into a high earning person, that may be thewrong reason to study it because you’re going to get overwhelmed over time because adegree takes, it’s four years out of your life that you’re going to be studying this thing. There has to be something beyond money, and beyond the job that’s going to keep you interested.So I would suggest picking something that you love as well as, hopefully, it will besomething that will get you a job. Also, my other point is, pick something that your school is well known for, something in your school, the major in your school that actually has really great professors to teach you. If you have a great English Department, if you have a greatH istory Department, and you’re passionate about those things, study with professors whoare great and they can help turn a little bit of interest in a subject matter into a lifelong love of it. So good luck with choosing your major wisely.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1)In this monologue the speaker mainly talks about ________.A)stories about college lifeB)the life of college freshmenC)carefree life of college studentsD)differences between college and high school2)According to the speaker, the freshman experience will ________.A)enable students to find true friendshipB)leave a deep impression on every studentC)decide what a student can do in the futureD)teach students the importance of responsibility▇Key:1) B) 2) C)2. Read the following statements and decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information contained in the listening passage. Write T for True and F for False in the space given before each statement.1)________ Freshman experience is an unforgettable experience to college students.2)________Students will feel just as comfortable in their first year at college as in their previousyears when they were in high school or back at home.3)________ Students are able to find very good friends at college.4)________ Learning to be responsible for oneself at college is very important.5)________ Freshmen should not be concerned with their future careers.▆Key:1)T2) F3)T4)T5) FSection C Task Two: Zooming in on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard. 1)The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with _____________, someanxiety, and _________________________________.2)The workload will be ______________ and the major challenges of college work are a largeamount of ___________________ and the short ______________.3)College Friendship will be among the _____________________________ and_______________________ of one’s life. It’s always exciting to discover how________________________________ college relationships can be.4)Students should remember that they are at college with an _____________________: theyshouldn’t waste time on ___________________________.5)Going to college is not just to get a degree: it is to find out ___________________ and____________________________________.▇Answers for reference:1)The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with anticipation, someanxiety, and wonderful discoveries.2)The workload will be heavier and the major challenges of college work are a large amount ofreading and writing and the short deadlines.3)College friendship will be among the most satisfying and long-term of one’s life. It’s alwaysexciting to discover how wonderfully diverse college relationships can be.4)Students should remember that they are at college with an anticipated mission; theyshouldn’t waste time on meaningless things.5)Going to college is not just to get a degree; it is to find out who you are and what you areI am now a fourth-year student at college, but I can never forget my freshman year here. In general, it is a time filled with anticipation, some anxiety, and wonderful discoveries.College is a lot different from high school. Your freshman experience will definitely make an impression on you. So, what can you expect as you head off into the wonderful world of higher education?The first thing you’ll notice is the workload. It will be heavier than you ever experienced before. The major challenges of college work are the large amount of reading and writing, and the short deadlines. A related effect that can be brought on by the workload is doubt, frustration, and possibly loneliness. You’ll be away from the comforts and friendships your home provided for you over the previous years.During the freshman year, you’ll be making a lot of new friends. But you should continue to be yourself. Select your friends with the same care and patience you have always shown. Believe it or not, your college friendships will be among the most satisfying and long-term of your life. It’s always exciting to discover how wonderfully diverse college relationships can be.You’ll also be on your own —you’ll be your own boss 24 hours a day, so to speak. But, remember, with freedom comes responsibility. You should always remember that you are at college with an anticipated mission. Don’t waste your time on meaningless things.During the freshman year, you may even start thinking about your future. Maybe a certain professor is especially inspiring. Perhaps your school has some great research going on. If some area of study attracts you, find out all you can about it. It might be the beginning of your lifetime career. Going to college is not just to get a degree — it is to find out who you really are and what you are really made for.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1. Write down the main idea of the following paragraphs in the space provided.1)Para 2: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.2)Para 3: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.3)Para 4: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.4)Para 5: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.5)Para 6: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.▆Answers for reference:1)Para 2: Top students attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles thatothers can easily learn.2)Para 3: Top students learn to be organized.3)Para 4: Top students know how to schedule their time properly.4)Para 5: Top students are very serious about school and very active in class.5)Para 6: Students benefit from group study.Exercise 2: Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.1)______ Being bright does not necessarily make one a straight-A student.2)______ A top student knows how to balance between what is more important and whatis lessimportant.3)______ One student thinks that learning a new word while brushing his teeth helps himlearn thenew word best.4)______ A messy student may waste a lot of time.5)______ Professors may concentrate more on the neatness of an assignment than on itscontent.6)______ Students benefit more from group study than from individual study.7)______ Pressure from parents is good for students.▆Answers for reference:1)T2)T3) F The student does so in order to save time.4)T5) F The student who turns in neat work is a step closer to a high score.6)T7)F Encouragement rather than pressure from parents helps students a lot.Exercise 3:Summarize the basic principles that top students master and apply in their studying and put them down in the space provided.▆Answers for reference:Section B In-depth StudyWorking towards academic excellence constitutes one of the most important parts of college life and is the goal of most college students. Straight-A students, in this respect, can be of great help by sharing their secrets in achieving academic excellence. Read the following text to find out what some of these secrets are.Secrets of Straight-A Students1 A professor of education who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. According to him, other education experts and top students themselves, it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities.2 The students at the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a fewbasic principles that others can easily learn.To begin with, top students know how to set their priorities right. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks.In other words, it is always placed above recreation. In addition, top students make a point of studying anywhere or everywhere. A top student who is also a top athlete memorises biology terms as he works out every day. Another student learns a new word every morning while brushing his teeth. Among all the students interviewed, every one agreed that study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some thrive at night when all is silent. Others prefer to study as soon as they come home from school when the lessons are fresh in their minds. However, all agreed that consistency is a main factor if one is to perform well at all times.3 A student must also learn to be organised. For example, a top student who is actively involved in his school band, track and field, rugby association and debate team disclosed that he keeps his things in their proper places because he simply cannot afford time-wasting searches. Another student immediately files the day’s notes in colour-coded folders so that they are available for review nearing examination time. Another technique advocated by top students is to read effectively. This includes speed-reading, improving one’s memory or retention ability, and actively asking questions that will lead to a full understanding of the author’s message.4 It is also important for students to know how to schedule their time. They must know how to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand. Being able to set timetables not only allows students more time to review and polish their work, it also prevents them from procrastinating. Top students believe that a secret of their success is the taking down of good notes during lessons and using them for revision. One student revealed that she writes notes from the text on one side of her notebook and those from her teachers’ lectures on the other side. This allows her to review both aspects of each lesson at once. The student also revealed that instead of wasting time whispering to friends and getting ready to rush out of the class just before the bell rings, she uses those few minutes to jot down a two or three-sentence summary of the lesson’s principal points. She then scans the notes to refresh her memory before the next day’s class.5 Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in a student’s ability to hand in neat work. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A.In the classroom context, it is equally important for students to speak up and ask questions. This is perhaps the best way for a student to clarify any doubts. Classroom participation also demonstrates a student’s intellectual curiosity. As a student concisely puts it, “Better grades come from better understanding.”6 The value of studying together was demonstrated in an experiment conducted at one top university. The study revealed that students who discussed homework and problems together, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another scored higher than those who laboured on their own. The experiment also illuminated the value of hypothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own. This means that students frame tentative test questions based on their notes and give each other or themselves written examinations the day before a test. Experts confirmed that students who devise possible test questions often find many of the same questions during the real examination and thus score higher.7 Another technique employed by top students is to do more than the assigned homework.A student revealed that if her teacher gives five problems, she will undertake ten. In the student’s words, “Part of learning is practising. The more you practise, the more you learn.” Last but not least, all experts and top students agree that the most important “secret” of super-achievers lies in the crucial contribution by parents. From infancy, super-achievers were taught the importance of learning by their parents. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards. They encouraged their children in their studies but did not undertake the work for them. Instead of pressuring their children, these parents were always loving, gentle and took pains to explain and motivate. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, andthe children delivered.（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明。
听力4册第二版原文及答案1-5Unit
Unit 1Part 1: Listening and Translation1. A college education can be very costly in the United States. 在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。
2. Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for college. 费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。
3. There are different federal loans and private loans for students. 有各种个样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。
4. Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st. 在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7 月 1 日起上调。
5. There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt. 人们越来越担心，很多学生将背着沉重的债务从大学毕业。
Part 1 Dialogue: Social Grouping1.A2.C3.D4.C5.B6.C7.B8.A（正文）Interview: Right. You‟re talking about social groupings here, could you tell us something about the ways animals form into groups?Nike Down: Yes, er many, many animals are very solitary animals; the only times they get together is when they mate，or when they're bringing up their young. The majority of animals are solitary, but a very significant group of mammals and insects, like ants and termites, bees and wasps are very social and they group together because in a group it's much safer: you can defend yourself more easily if you're in a group, you can find mates more easily if you're in a group, and you can change the world around you by working with the others if you live in a group. Solitary animals have a much more difficult time in many ways.Interview: You mentioned lions and other carnivore earlier on. Do they group very much?Nike Down: Yes. Most cats in fact don…t group. Er, lions and, to a le sser extent, cheetahs are the only cats that group together. A group of lions is called a pride--and you might get anything up to fifteen or twenty lions in a pride. A pride of lions would have perhaps two or three males, perhaps a dozen females, and then the cubs. But the real lion group consists of females with their cubs. The males tend to stay for a few years and then they get kicked out by a group of younger males that comes in and take over.Interview: And how about the apes?Nike Down: Ah, well, now you're talking about the group of animals that webelong to. Apes -- some apes -- live in very, very big and complicated social groups. Not all. Orangutans, for example, big apes that live in Indonesia and Malaysia -- they're very solitary and one adult may meet another adult only once every two or three years, when a male and a female mate, and then, the only relationship then will be between a mother and her baby. The baby will stay with the mother for two or three years, four years, five years even, learning from the mother, learning what sorts of foods to eat, what the signs of danger are, and then when the baby grows up, off it'll go, and live its own, solitary life. The reason why orangutans are solitary is because there's not very much food in a forest and if there was a big group of orangutans, all the food would just run out. But, leaving Asia and going to Africa, then you find very social apes. Now, gorillas, for example. Gorillas live in unimale groups. They used to be called harems, but the technical term is unimale because there's one male within the group; one male, and then around him will be anything up to six, seven, eight, nine females, plus all the babies. And that one male in the group is the silverback gorilla, and he's much bigger and stronger than the others. He's got silvery fur on his back and the others won't challenge him and he'll lead the group slowly through the forest, settling down every night and moving on the next day, finding food. So that's a unimale group. But if you move a little bit further west, into West Africa, you'll start to come across chimpanzees.Now they're a bit smaller than gorillas; they spend a lot of time in the trees, whereas gorillas are down on the ground and chimpanzees are much more closely related to us than they are to gorillas They're our closest living relatives. Now chimps live in multimale groups; in other words you'll get, oh, anything up to six, seven, eight males, hen you'll get two or three times that number of females, a dozen, two dozen females, plus all the youngsters, so we're talking about groups that can be as big as forty or fifty of even sixty. Now, a chimpanzee group--multimale group-- is a very flexible type of group: it constantly splits into smaller groups, off they go for a few days, back they come, reform, break up again and within that group the males tend to hang around the outside, protecting the group, fighting off rival males that might want to come in and mate with the females, but they tend to come and go to some extent The on-going core of the chimpanzee group consists of females with their young, and sometimes sisters will actually work together to bring up their young collectively. Yes, so apes are very, very social animals indeed.Part 2 Passage: Community CollegesGreat challenges faced the United States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition. National and local leaders realized that a more skilled workforce was key to the country's continued economic strength - a need that called for a dramatic increase in college attendance - yet three-quarters of high school graduates were choosing not to further their education, in part because they were reluctant to leave home for a distant college.During the same period, the country's rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities. It was common for them to add a teacher institute, manual learning (vocational education) division or citizenship schoolto the diploma program. The high school-based community college, as first developed at Central High School in Joliet, Ill. was the most successful type of addition. Meanwhile, small, private colleges such as Indiana‟s Vincennes University had fashioned an effective model of higher education grounded on the principles of small classes, close student-faculty relations and a program that included both academics and extracurricular activities.From the combination of these traditions emerged the earliest community colleges, roughly balanced in number between private and public control but united in their commitment to meet local needs. The typical early community college was small, rarely enrolling more than 150 students. It nevertheless offered a program of solid academics as well as a variety of student activities. Fort Scott Junior College in Kansas, for example, not only fielded several athletic teams but also supported a student newspaper, government, thespian society and orchestra.A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women, attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers. In such states as Missouri, which did not yet require K-8 teachers to have a bachelor's degree, it was common for more than 60 percent of community college students to be women, virtually all of them preparing to be teachers.Community colleges are centers of educational opportunity. More than 100 years ago, this unique, American invention put publicly funded higher education at close-to-home facilities and initiated a practice of welcoming all who desire to learn, regardless of wealth, heritage or previous academic experience. Today, the community college continues the process of making higher education available to a maximum number of people at 1,166 public and independent community colleges.The breadth of programming and variety of students‟ goal make it difficult to accurately quantify community college performance. Unlike 4-year colleges, where attainment of a bachelor‟s degree is the implicit goal of students, community college students do not share a common goal beyond self-improvement.Research shows that education pays. Students who complete associate degrees and certificates are more likely to move into higher-status management and professional positions with higher earnings. An investment of a few thousand dollars now will likely pay lifelong dividends, as students who earn associate degrees average lifetime earnings of more than $250,000 to $400,000 more than people without degrees.But success at community colleges must be broadly to include not just those who attain associate degrees and those who earn certificates, but also the millions who take noncredit and workforce training classes.B: Sentence Dictation1.Great challenges faced the United States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition.2.During the same period, the country's rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities.3.It offered a program of solid academics as well as a variety of student activities.4.A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women,attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers。
新世纪大学英语阅读教程4(第二版) U1 Part1+Part2 文章翻译
新世纪大学英语阅读教程4 U1 Part1+Part2 文章翻译Unit 1 SuccessPart 1“普通人”是如何脱颖而出的1 在大学里，吉姆似乎是个典型的快速成功的人。
他不费什么力气就取得了好成绩，他的同学都认为他是“最有可能成功的人”。
毕业后，他可以自由选择各种工作。
2 吉姆加入了一家大型保险公司的销售部，一开始干得不错。
然而，他很快进入了平稳期，并转到了一家较小的公司，在那里他也达到了平稳期。
厌倦了销售，他尝试了销售管理。
同样的模式又出现了：他很受欢迎，被认为是个可以快速成功的人，但很快就像湿爆竹一样发出了嘶嘶声。
如今，他又在为另一家公司销售保险，并想知道自己为什么没有做得更好。
3 还有约瑟夫·达瑞格。
“我一直认为自己是个普通人，”达瑞格告诉我。
“我进入了人寿保险行业，并且做得还相当不错。
侥幸地，我进入了由业内几位最大的销售人员组成的委员会。
我非常害怕。
”4 然而，当达瑞格了解到这些有成就的人之后，他意识到：“他们和我一样都不是天才。
他们只是些志存高远的普通人。
然后找到实现目标的方法。
”他还意识到：“如果其他人都能有远大的梦想，我也能。
”如今，他拥有一家价值百万美元的公司，专门为员工提供福利。
5 为什么像达瑞格这样的普通人往往比像吉姆这样的人取得的成就要多的多？为了找出答案，我采访了190多名在工作中作为一名企业顾问的男性和女性。
这次非正式调查的结果证实了西奥多·罗斯福曾说过的话：“成功的普通人不是天才。
他只是一个拥有普通品质的人，但他把这些普通品质发展到了一个超出普通程度的程度。
”6 我认为那些出类拔萃的“普通人”：7 学会自律。
“成功并不需要天赋，”丹佛波特纪念医院的首席执行官坚持说，科罗拉多州因扭转了表现不佳的医院闻名。
“你只需要一大罐胶水。
你把一些涂在椅子上，一些涂在裤子上，然后坐下来，坚持做每一个项目，直到你做到你能做到的最好。
”8 普通的成功人士总是粘在椅子上，推迟快乐，收获未来的回报。
全新版大学英语1(第二版)单词填空及翻译
一1、Alan was always in trouble with the police when he was young but he’s now a respectable married man.艾伦总是在麻烦警方当他年轻的时候,但他现在是一位受人尊敬的已婚男人。
2、The people who had been hurt in the car accident lay screaming in agony.在车祸中受伤的人们躺着痛苦尖叫。
3、Because his condition’s not serious they’ve put his name down on the hospital waiting list.因为他的情况并不严重,他们已经把他的名字写在医院里等待名单中。
4、The second part of the book describes the strange sequence of events that lead to the King’s fall from power.第二部分,这本书描述了奇怪的一连串的事件,导致国王失去权力。
5、When I say my little boy crying bitterly over the death of his pet dog ，I could hardly hold back my tears.我的小儿子伤心的哭着当我说他的宠物狗死了,我无法抑制我的眼泪。
6、They are going to distribute those clothes and blankets among the flood victims.他们打算分发那些衣服和毛毯给受洪灾的难民。
7、Linda managed to support herself by working off and on as a waitress.琳达设法支持自己通过当服务员断断续续地工作。
全新版第二版综合B4U1
全新版第二版综合B4U1-APart I Listening Comprehension ( 15 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false.1.A) TB) FScript: When the Grand Army led by Napoleon attacked Russia, the Russians fought bitterly against them.正确答案：B2.A) TB) FScript: The battle at Smolensk was a decisive victory for Napoleon.正确答案：B3.A) TB) FScript: The Russian czar refused Napoleon’s truce offer because he knew that the severe Russian winter would defeat Napoleon’s army.正确答案：A4.A) TB) FScript: Napoleon ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow only because the weather there was too cold.正确答案：B5.A) TB) FScript: Hitler expected to conquer the Soviet Union in five weeks.正确答案：B6.A) TB) FScript: In answer to the call of the “scorch the earth” by Stalin, the Russians burned or destroyed their farms and factories.正确答案：A7.A) TB) FScript: In order to open up a second front in Europe, British, American and Canadian forces did a lot of careful preparations for more than a year.正确答案：A8.A) TB) FScript: The days of 5, 6 and 7 June were chosen for D-Day because moonlight and tide of these days were favorable to landing.正确答案：A9.A) TB) FScript: When the assault on Normandy began on the midnight of 6 June, the German troops were on high alert.正确答案：B10.A) TB) FScript: Thanks to a southerly current, the landing at the new sector of Utah Beach was quite正确答案：ASection BDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet (11)_________________ on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace (12)_________________ . The League of Nations deemed the attack (13)_________________ and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been (14)_________________ by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s (15)_________________ and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers (16)_________________ or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many (17)_________________ senior officers. Because of these factors, and (18)_________________ and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected.Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s (19)_________________ . The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did (20)_________________ along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.Script: The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers executed or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many inexperienced senior officers. Because of these factors, and high commitment and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the SovietsHostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s international reputation suffered. The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did gain sufficient territory along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.正确答案：offensive正确答案：Treaty正确答案：illegal正确答案：crippled正确答案：morale正确答案：executed正确答案：inexperienced正确答案：high commitment正确答案：international reputation suffered正确答案：gain sufficient territoryPart II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.As Hitler’s armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter 21 the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius.Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely 22 for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer 23 . The German tanks lay 24 in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive 25 .By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new 26 . In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to 27 Stalingrad.In November 1942, the Russians launched a 28 . With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand 29 soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally 30 against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.A) uniforms B) settled over C) to a halt D) counterattackE) unprepared F) siege G) buried H) give upI) offensives J) dropped K) captured L) thanksM) turned the tide N) shelter O) starving21.______________________正确答案：B22.______________________正确答案：E23.______________________正确答案：A24.______________________正确答案：G25.______________________正确答案：C26.______________________正确答案：I27.______________________正确答案：H28.______________________正确答案：D29.______________________正确答案：O30.______________________正确答案：MSection BDirections: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Terrorism may be viewed as the use of force or violence against persons or property to threaten or coerce (迫使) a government, a formal organization, or a civilian population for political, religious, or social objectives. Since terrorists commonly use violence against civilian targets, their actions are widely condemned as morally unacceptable. In practice, as with a great many other behaviors, what constitutes terrorism is a matter of social definition. When nations resort to violence to further their interests, the results are considered as being legal warfare. In many respects, terrorism is an extension of that approach by people who lack the armies of a state.For many years the public, government officials, and scholars treated terrorism primarily as a "nuisance." But recently, we have come to see terrorism as a new mode of warfare with far-reaching implications. Terrorism serves as an avenue of political expression for some militants (好战分子), whether they are motivated by ideology, ethnicity, or religion. However, what distinguishes much contemporary terrorism is not so much its motivation or purpose, but rather the extent of state involvement in carrying out well-planned and highly destructive acts against adversary nations.Another feature of contemporary terrorism has been the extent to which it has become a media event. Terrorism is usually aimed at a media audience, not the actual victims. The act of media coverage also enhances the importance of "the problem" that led to theterrorist activities. Newspaper readers and television viewers see "the problem" as of much greater importance and as justifying national or international action.31.According to the passage, terrorism is widely unacceptable ______.A) for its illegal actionsB) because it is often targeted at ordinary peopleC) as it usually leads to death and hatredD) for its violence正确答案：B32.The word "approach" at the end of the first paragraph refers to ______.A) legal warfareB) establishing a stateC) furthering one's interests via violenceD) terrorism正确答案：A33.People used to ______.A) underestimate the influence of terrorismB) pay much attention to terrorismC) suffer less from terrorists' actionsD) have sympathy with the terrorists正确答案：A34.Terrorism in the past ______.A) had different objectivesB) had different motivationsC) was more influentialD) was less closely related to governments正确答案：D35.Terrorists use media mainly ______.A) to make their aim known to the worldB) to carry out violent actionsC) as an avenue of political expressionD) to condemn the adversary nations正确答案：APassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.As traditionally grown, under a canopy (株冠) of shade trees and amid other vegetation, coffee is an environmentally-friendly crop. The shade trees fix nitrogen in the soil, fostering the growth of the coffee bushes, and their fallen leaves provide nutrients, further reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. The mixture of vegetation prevents erosion and protects the coffee from harsh weather. In contrast to corn and cattle, which almost always require clear-cutting, coffee can be grown in relative harmony with the rain forest.Recently, however, many coffee farmers in northern Latin America have reduced or eliminated shade to grow new high-yielding coffee plants under direct sun. Fear of a disease known as coffee leaf rust sparked an early round of conversions, most of which took place in the 1970s. To prevent the spread of the disease, coffee farmers "technified," replacing older, shade-loving coffee varieties, with new varieties, packed in tight hedgerows, that can survive open sun — but only with chemical inputs.Coffee leaf rust never turned out to be a major problem for Latin America. To boost farmers' incomes, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) spent some $80 million from the 1970s to the early 1990s, according to a report (1996) from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and the Natural Resources Defense Council, to help growers in Central America and the Caribbean technify. In countries where USAID was not involved, national coffee federations promoted the change, supporting the technification of 69 percent of Colombia's coffee and nearly 40 percent of Costa Rica's.36.Growing coffee plants under shade ______.A) helps them absorb oxygen from the soilB) provides nutrients for other treesC) reduces the need for chemical fertilizersD) creates a mixture of vegetation正确答案：C37.Coffee can be grown amid the rain forest because ______.A) it can stand harsh weatherB) it can be grown together with other plantsC) it doesn't need any chemical fertilizerD) it will not erode in the forest正确答案：B38.Many coffee farmers shifted to growing coffee plants under direct sun in the 1970s ______.A) out of the fear of the spread of coffee leaf rustB) because it was more profitableC) as new varieties of coffee plants were developedD) to decrease chemical inputs正确答案：A39.Coffee leaf rust ______.A) was a great hit to the coffee industryB) cannot be eliminated by chemical fertilizersC) didn't constitute a big problem for Latin AmericaD) ended the growing history of shade coffee正确答案：C40.Many coffee farmers turned to sun coffee ______.A) as a result of the widespread of coffee leaf rustB) because it brought about higher profitC) at the request of USAIDD) with the development of technology正确答案：BPart III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.41.They are currently _________ in lengthy trade negotiations.A) engagedB) busyC) obligedD) occupied正确答案：A42.At the first _______ of twelve all the workers in the factory stopped for lunch.A) strikeB) bellC) strokeD) hit正确答案：C43.A solar day is the length of time _______ the Earth to revolve once around the Sun.A) takesB) takes itC) it takesD) one takes正确答案：C44.He obviously displays a great ______ for some of your poems.A) consentB) admirationC) respectD) pleasure正确答案：B45.The teachers ______ themselves with planning out the work of the coming semester.A) employedB) involvedC) occupiedD) engaged正确答案：C46.I prefer to be a _____ because I don't like to operate.A) doctorB) surgeonC) physicianD) specialist正确答案：C47.The _____ of tests in the United States institutions can be a new and frightening experience for many foreign students.A) frequencyB) presenceC) efficiencyD) confidence正确答案：A48.As it had not rained for several months, there was a _____ of water.A) wasteB) dropC) lossD) shortage正确答案：D49.Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.A) equivalentB) alikeC) uniformD) likely正确答案：A50.The mechanic said that the work would be done quickly, but he would not _____ himself to a specific time.A) admitC) commitD) submit正确答案：C51.The war may _____, but victory is sure to belong to the peace-loving people.A) drag outB) drag onC) drag upD) drag along正确答案：B52._______ to the Independent War, the United States was an English colony.A) BeforeB) PriorC) FollowingD) Preceding正确答案：B53.She continued to type as fast as ever, though her thumb was badly swollen ______ a hurt.A) inB) forC) withD) from正确答案：D54.She looks to be ______ 40, but as a matter of fact, she is 50.A) older thanB) in the neighbourhood ofC) at age ofD) approximately about正确答案：B55.The crust of the Earth was thin here, and other conditions appeared ______ for drilling.B) imaginableC) curableD) durable正确答案：A56.The Russians were attacked and forced to _____.A) advanceB) retireC) retreatD) draw正确答案：C57.Tom _____ off the field with a foot injury.A) limpedB) limbedC) limnedD) lambed正确答案：A58.The new ________ was put into operation early in 1939.A) tacticB) tactC) toxicD) tract正确答案：A59.Britain made a(n)______ of war on Germany in 1914.A) announcementB) statementC) claimD) declaration正确答案：D60.You mustn’t lose heart, sooner or later your effort will pay ______.A) forB) outC) offD) up正确答案：CPart IV Translation ( 10 minutes )Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.61. Everyone knows ____________________ (做到劳逸结合的重要性).正确答案：the importance of striking a proper balance between work and rest62. ____________________ (政府已决定整治城市犯罪) so that a daylight bank robbery will no longer happen.正确答案：The government has decided to clean up the city63. On many issues ____________________ (约翰和玛丽发现他们意见严重分歧).正确答案：John and Mary found themselves seriously at odds64. It was an uneasy night and ____________________ (那婴儿不停地抓弄床罩).正确答案：the baby kept picking at the coverlet65. The little girl was ____________________ (非常迫切地想知道) what her parents brought her as birthday present.正确答案：dying to see。
高职高专英语听力教程1第二版答案
高职高专英语听力教程1第二版答案Unit 1 AmusementPart ⅠSpeaking1.Fill in the blanks to complete the conversation and then practice it.What do you do when you have free time?Would you like to join us at the party?you will enjoy yourself.to have enjoyed the wonderful concert．Part ⅡReadingText AExercises2．Read the text and complete the following sentences, and then remember them.3.Fill in the blanks by choosing the proper words in the box, change theform when necessary.reclaiming, embark, negotiation, interactive, adjust, ham, architect, impression, replica, makeover4. Learn the expressions and complete the sentences.1. He is going to embark on the new business ventures.2. In order to please the audience, this actor hamed up too much.3. The host’s hospitality left a very good impression upon us.4. You must adjust yourself to fit in with the new environment.5. This team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.5. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 虽然两个公园从表面上看起来相似，实际上则差别很大。
听力教程第二版施心远unit1答案
Focus 1. selecting key words 2. arranging notes in a logical way 3. writing as rapidly and neatly as possible
Driving Carefully
Notes van (van truck): a truck with an enclosed cargo space运货车，(载客的)面包车
Driving Carefully
zebra crossing: street crossing where pedestrians have right of way; often marked in some way especially with diagonal stripes 斑马线
overtake: catch up with and surpass 追上，超过
_T_he_d_r_in_k_s _w_ill_b_e_d_el_iv_e_re_d_n_ex_t_w_eek.
√ To_h_av_e_it_d_on_e_b_y_th_e_ca_t_er_er_s_in_th_e_v_ill_age.
√ __Th_e_y _ar_e_pr_in_te_d_&_w_il_l b_e_s_en_t_so_o_n._
It is convenient and fast, thought it doesn’t taste as good as food in good a restaurant. However it is bad to one’s health because there are not enough vegetables. It is also quite an expensive way of eating, but you’re paying for the convenience. And it creates litter because in the packaging there is a lot of paper, plastic and sometimes polystyrene involved.
新生代基础1(第二版) 期末试卷(A卷)附答案含听力脚本
新生代基础教程1(第二版)期末考试卷 A卷Part 1 Listening ComprehensionSection AA. Listen to the conversation. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.1. The doctor is speaking about _______.a. how to do well in sporting subjectsb. how to stay healthy at exam timec. how to stay healthy in winter time2. The doctor thinks students should get at least _______ hours of sleep a night.a. fourb. sixc. eight3. According to the doctor, it’s important to get enough sleep because _______.a. this will help you to stay calm and to focus on your studiesb. this will help you to look your bestc. your brain processes information while you sleep4. The doctor thinks it’s a good idea to _______.a. write a study scheduleb. find a group of friends and study togetherc. take time off studying to do something you enjoy5. The doctor thinks that students should eat _______ at exam time.a. more than usualb. less than usualc. fresh, healthy foodB. Listen to the conversation. Then choose the best answer to complete each sentence.6. For Cindy, _______ is the most important.a. making a lot of moneyb. getting an apartment of her ownc. doing something creative7. Cindy’s friend suggests that she should _______.a. take an art course at collegeb. start her own businessc. get an office job8. Cindy’s friend offers to _______.a. help her find a jobb. lend her some money to start a businessc. help her make a websiteC. Listen to the conversation. Then choose the best answer to complete each sentence.9. The man is looking for _______.a. the supermarketb. the hospitalc. the school10. The woman tells the man to _______.a. go straight along the street and turn leftb. go straight along the street and turn rightc. go down the street and turn left, then rightListen to the following sentences and write down what you hear on the lines.1. Is there a(n) ______________ near here? I want to buy some books.2. Sally is always so calm. She just seems to ______________.3. That’s a nasty ______________! I think you should go to the doctor.4. The Plaza Hotel are looking for receptionists. T here’s a(n) ______________ on their website.5. I’m busy ______________. Can you come back later?Part 2 Vocabulary and StructureSection AFill in the blanks with words or expressions from the box.getting used to get off What a coincidence take your pulse out of luckpick up receptionist read through to-do list similar1. Are you going to Japan next year? So am I! ______________!2. I felt a little strange to college at first, but now I’m ______________ it.3. I’d like to go to the flower park. Can you tell me where to ______________?4. Can you sit down and take off your coat, please? I need to ______________.5. I’ll get my assignment done tomorrow. It’s at the top of my ______________.6. Are you and Maria sisters? You look very ______________.7. If you want to go to the beach tomorrow, you’re ______________. It’s going to rain.8. My friend works at that hotel. S he’s a ______________.9. I need to ______________ my chemistry notes before tomorrow’s t est.10. Can you ______________ my book, please? It’s just under your chair.Match the words to the definitions.1. excellent2. expert3. aspirin4. salary5. divider a. a piece of card you use to organize your notesb. very goodc. the money you earn from your jobd. a person who knows a lot about a particular subjecte. a tablet you swallow to take away painSection CChoose the best answer to complete each sentence.1 My sister _______ like cats. She prefers dogs.a. doesb. doesn’tc. don’t2. Do you _______ a part-time job?a. haveb. haven’tc. having3. I _______ with seven other students in a large apartment.a. livingb. livesc. live4. I _______ speak English when I was five years old, but I can now!a. canb. couldc. couldn’t5. Are you looking for Ben? He _______ be in the garden. I think I can hear his voice.a. couldb. canc. can’t6. You _______ watch TV before bed. It will stop you from sleeping.a. shouldb. shouldn’tc. have to7. You _______ rush. T he party doesn’t start till 8 o’clock.a. have tob. don’t have toc. shouldn’t8. You _______ wear a seat belt when you are in a car. I t’s the law.a. shouldb. shouldn’tc. have to9. “Are you going to the party?” “Yes, I _______ go tomorrow!”a. willb. mayc. might10. I _______ be at college tomorrow. I have a hospital appointment.a. willb. won’tc. maySection DComplete the passage, choosing the correct word.Is it your first day in a new job? Then you (1) _______(have to / don’t have to)make an excellent impression. You (2) _______ (should / shouldn’t) wear your best clothes and get to work early. If your boss sees that you are serious and hardworking, it (3) _______ (will / won’t)get you off to a very good start. You (4) _______ (should / shouldn’t) be friendly with your colleagues, but don’t spend too much time talking. Work hard, and this (5) _______ (could / couldn’t) be the beginning of a long and happy career.Part 3 Reading ComprehensionTask 1Read the passage. Write T (True) or F (False) for the statements.The perfect jobMilo Black has found his dream career. Every day he gets up early, puts on his trainers and checks his schedule to see his jobs for the day. Then he gets on his bike and cycles to his first house. Usually his first customer is waiting for him already: making a lot of noise and jumping up and down outside the house. Milo is a professional dog walker.Milo says, “I wasn’t very good at school. I never got good grades and I found a lot of subjects boring. When I left school, I didn’t know what to do. Then one day, my friend asked me if I could walk her dog while she was at work. I really enjoyed it and thought: ‘Hey, I could make a job out of this!’ So I went home, made a website and advertised my service. I usually walk about eight dogs a day and I make a good living from it.”For a boy who didn’t do well at school, Milo has found a job with a lot of benefits. He says, “I don’t need to spend money on smart clothes for work, although I do go through a lot of trainers! My customers are always friendly and happy to see me, and I love spending time with them. Finally, I’m always outside in the fresh air. Who wants to sit at a desk all day? Not me!”☐ 1. Milo doesn’t like his job.☐ 2. Milo’s job is to look after sick dogs.☐ 3. Milo didn’t do well in his studies.☐ 4. Milo advertised his business online at the beginning.☐ 5. Milo likes to wear smart clothes to work.Task 2Read the passage. Choose the best answer.A laugh a day keeps the doctor awayYou’re feeling stressed out. So what do you do? Go to the doctor? Speak to a friend? Have a warm bath and do some yoga? At Pro fessor Hart’s clinic in London you can find another way of dealing with the symptoms of stress. His treatment is called “Laughter Therapy” and it’s becoming more and more popular.Professor Hart holds his laughter sessions three times a week. “Most of my p atients are in their 30s and 40s,” he says. “But I do have some younger patients too—college students who are worried about their studies or nervous about exams.”So, what happens in a laughter session? Professor Hart explains, “Well, I take a group of ten patients together and I tell them to laugh. At first they find it very difficult. It’s not easy to laugh just because someone tells you to! But then, after a while, they start laughing, and when they start then they can’t stop. They laugh, all together, f or an hour. Their heart rates rise, their faces go pink and they look so much better when they leave. And they all come back for more! They tell me that the laughter sessions stop them feeling stressed.”It seems that laughter really is the best medicine!1. Professor Hart _______.a. is a yoga teacherb. helps patients who have backachesc. treats his patients’ stress2. Most of Professor Hart’s patients are _______.a. young childrenb. college studentsc. people in their 30s and 40s3. At Professor Hart’s sessions, _______.a. patients laugh together for an hourb. patients run and do exercises to keep fitc. patients talk to each other4. According to Professor Hart, _______.a. his patients will live for up to ten years longerb. his patients look much better when they leave his clinicc. few of his patients need to come back5. Professor Hart’s patients say the sessions help them to _______.a. feel less stressedb. get more done at workc. have better family relationshipsTask 3Read the passage. Fill in the blanks (in no more than 3 words).Welcome to Amsterdam!Why not see the city in style on one of our beautiful Dutch bicycles? Amsterdam is a city built for cyclists, so there is no better way to see the city than from the seat of a bicycle: cycle along the canals, visit the famous tulip fields and take a trip around the famous Vondel Park.Our bikes cost just 50 e uros per day. We also have children’s seats for family trips.Bicycle tours of the city are also available. See the sights in the company of one of our expert guides for only 100 euros. All major languages are spoken.1. This advertisement belongs to a company which is renting out ______________.2. Amsterdam is a city which is ______________.3. By bike you can cycle along the canals, visit the tulip fields and take a trip around ______________.4. Bikes cost 50 ______________.5. You can also take a bicycle tour with a(n) ______________.新生代基础教程1(第二版)期末考试卷 A卷参考答案Part 1 Listening ComprehensionSection AA 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. cB 6. c 7. b 8. cC 9. a 10. bSection B1. bookstore2. go with the flow3. cough4. ad5. right nowPart 2 Vocabulary and StructureSection A1. What a coincidence2. getting used to3. get off4. take your pulse5. to-do list6. similar7. out of luck8. receptionist9. read through 10. pick up Section B1. b2. d3. e4. c5. aSection C1. b2. a3. c4. c5. a6. b7. b8. c9. a 10. bSection D1. have to2. should3. will4. should5. couldPart 3 Reading ComprehensionTask 11. F2. F3. T4. T5. FTask 21. c2. c3. a4. b5. aTask 31. (beautiful Dutch) bicycles2. built for cyclists3. the Vondel Park4. euros per day5. expert guide新生代基础教程1(第二版)期末考试卷 A卷听力脚本Part 1 Listening ComprehensionSection AA. Listen to the conversation. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.W:We’re very happy to have Doctor Weber with us today on Health Matters. Today we’re talking about how students can stay healthy around exam time. Doctor Weber, what advice would you give?M: Well, it’s true that exams can be very stressful, but there are quite a few things which students can do to help themselves. First of all, it’s really important to get enough sleep. W: How much sleep do you think is enough?M:At least eight hours per night. Some students only get about four hours of sleep per night around exam time! If you don’t get enough sleep, i t’s easier to feel nervous and upset about things. It will be more difficult to memorize facts too.W: Anything else?M: Yes. Take time to do something you enjoy. Play the guitar, go for a long walk, go swimming. This will be good for your mental health and physical health too. And it means you can return to your studies with more energy and a clear head. Finally, I recommend eating as well as you can. Drink lots of water and eat plenty of fresh food.B. Listen to the conversation. Then choose the best answer to complete each sentence. M:Hey, Cindy. What’s up?W: I’m just thinking about what I’d like to do after college. I can’t decide what I want to do!M:Hm. Well, I suppose you need to think about what’s important to you. Do you want to make a lot of money?W: Well, I’d like enough money to live on. And I’d like an apartment of my own. But it’s not the most important th ing. You know I love art. I’d love to do something creative. And I’d love to work from home.M:Yeah, I’ve seen some of these sculptures you do. They’re really beautiful. Hey, Cindy, why don’t you start your own business? You could sell your sculptures on line!W: Hm, do you think they’re good enough?M:Sure! I’ll help you make a website…C. Listen to the conversation. Then choose the best answer to complete each sentence. M: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the supermarket, please?W: Sure, go straight along the street. Then turn right. It’s opposite the hospital.M: Thanks for your help.W: No problem. Bye!Section BListen to the following sentences and write down what you hear on the lines.1. Is there a bookstore near here? I want to buy some books.2. Sally is always so calm. She just seems to go with the flow.3. That’s a nasty cough! I think you should go to the doctor.4. The Plaza Hotel are looking for receptionists. T here’s an ad on their website.5. I’m busy right now. Can you come back later?。
新生代英语入门教程(第二版)期末试卷(B卷)附答案
Final Examfor New Generation English Intro (2)Part I Listening Comprehension (15’)A. Listen to the following sentences and choose the correct answers.(1) Where does the man live?A. In a dormitory on Fifth Avenue.B. In an apartment on Fifth Avenue.C. In an apartment on Sixth Avenue.(2) What’s wrong with the man?A. He has a headache.B. He has a fever.C. He has a toothache.(3) How long does it take the woman to go to school?A. Four hours.B. Three hours.C. Two hours.(4) Where does she work?A. She types letters.B. In the office.C. She is a secretary.(5) What can’t you do in the waiting room?A. Read books.B. Talk loudly.C. Keep silent.B. Listen to the following conversations and choose the correct answers.(1) How long does the man sleep every day?A. Seven hours.B. Eight hours.C. Six hours.(2) How does the man go to school?A. Take a bus.B. Drive a car.C. On foot.(3) Where is the library?A. It’s next to Sam Store.B. Turn right on Hampton Street.C. Go straight on Hampton Street.(4) What does Amanda’s sister do?A. She works in a hotel.B. She works in the Shelton Hospital.C. She is a nurse.(5) How much is the 2-inch binder?A. $5B. $8C. $15C. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.Here are some tips for you to be healthy. First, sleep at least (1) hours a day. Enough sleep can keep you energetic all day. Second, eat (2) good meals a day. Try to eat more kinds of food during breakfast. But (3) eat too much in the evening. Then (4) is also important. Sports can refresh your body. Finally, don’t smoke and have a (5) once a year.Part II V ocabulary and Structure (20’)A. Choose the best answer for each sentence.(1) —Do you buy skirts at a clothing store?—A. Yes, I does.B. Yes, I do.C. Yes, I don’t.D. No, I do.(2) —Where do you live?—I live First Avenue.A. onB. inC. ofD. with(3) —How long does it take you to go home?—A. Three hours ago.B. Three hours.C. Three times.D. Three times a week.(4) —How much are these shoes?—A. It is 30 dollars.B. I have 30.C. They are 30 dollars.D. I need 30.(5) Andy is sick. He a fever.A. getB. haveC. hasD. is(6) —How often do you have a toothache?—A. One a year.B. Two time a year.C. Two a year.D. Once a year.(7) Johnson during lunch.A. drinkB. don’t drinkC. doesn’t drinkD. not drink(8) People for the doctor in the waiting room now.A. are waitingB. is waitingC. waitD. waits(9) —binders do you need?—I need three 1-inch binders.A. How muchB. How manyC. WhatD. How(10) —Can you lift this heavy box?—A. Yes, I do.B. No, I don’t.C. Yes, I can.D. No, I can.B. Fill in the blanks using the proper forms of the words.(1) (not talk) loudly in the library.(2) My brother (live) in New York.(3) Nigel (be) a receptionist in Milton Hotel.(4) I (exercise) three times a week.(5) Look! Jenny (type) a letter.Part III Reading Comprehension (40’)A. Read Doctor Belinda’s appointment book and decide whether the statements(2) Alan Jones has a fever.(3) Tony Brown has the same problem with Warren Adam.(4) If you want to call Stuart Lee, you can dial 537-9845.(5) Doctor Belinda has no appointment before 9:00 a.m.B. Read the conversation and answer the questions.Vincent: Good morning Michelle! How do you come to school?Michelle: Good morning. I usually drive to school, but today I took the bus. Vincent: How long does it take you to go to school?Michelle: About thirty minutes. How do you come to school?Vincent: I always ride a bicycle to school and take a bus on rainy days.Michelle: Wow, it’s a good way.Vincent: Yes. It is cheaper, but sometimes it takes longer time.(1) How does Michelle usually go to school?(2) How did Michelle come to school today?(3) How long does it take Michelle to go to school?(4) How does Vincent go to school on rainy days?(5) Does Michelle think riding a bicycle to school is a good way?C. Read the comparison of dormitory and apartment. Then choose the best(2) If you want to spend less money, you can choose a(n) □dormitory □apartment.(3) If you want to live in a bigger room, you can choose a(n) □dormitory □apartment.(4) If you use school facilities often, you can choose a(n) □dormitory □apartment.(5) If you want to live more safely, you can choose a(n) □dormitory □apartment.D. Read the passage and choose the best answers.Mrs. Johnson is an Australia doctor. She lives in China now. She works in a children’s hospital in Beijing. Sh e likes children and she loves to work for them. She learns Chinese in an evening school after work every day. She also practices Chinese with her colleagues and some Chinese friends. Now she can speak Chinese very well and can also write a few Chinese characters. Mr. Johnson, her husband, is a teacher. He teaches English in a middle school. He works from Monday to Friday and teaches 3 classes every day. They both like living in China.(1) What does Mr. Johnson do?A. He’s an Australia doctor.B. He’s a Chinese teacher.C. He’s an English teacher.D. He’s a Chinese doctor.(2) Where do Mr. and Mrs. Johnson live now?A. In China.B. In Australia.C. In a hospital.D. In a middle school.(3) Can Mrs. Johnson write Chinese very well?A. Yes, she can.B. No, she can’t.C. Yes, she can’t.D. No, she can.(4) How long does Mr. Johnson work every week?A. Five days.B. Six days.C. Seven days.D. Four days.(5) Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mr. Johnson works in a children’s hospital.B. Mrs. Johnson learns Chinese from her colleagues and Chinese friends.C. Mr. Johnson teaches 3 classes every day.D. Mr. Johnson and Mrs. Johnson doesn’t like living in China.Part IV Translation (10’)Choose the best translation for each sentence.(1) The bookstore is on Park Street next to the bank.A. 书店在银行街上的公园旁边。
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第一节 基本的制冷原理第一部分 制冷基础／第一节 基本的制冷原理大多数用户往往将制冷与冷和凉联系在一起,而事实上制冷工程实践几乎完全是在和传热打交道。
我们可以运用一种反论的方法来理解制冷循环的工作。
冷,实际上是表示缺乏热量,就象黑暗是由于缺乏光亮、干燥是由于缺乏水分一样。
热力学热力学是研究热的机械运动的一门学科。
自然界中存在着其些基本原理,我们称之为热力学定律,这些定律与我们在地球上的生存休戚相关,而其中的一些正是研究制冷的基础。
热力学第一定律,也是这些定律中最重要的一条它的定义是能量既不能被创造,也不能被消灭,但是可以由一种形式转化为另一种形式。
对热力学原理的研究已超出了本手册的范围,但是下文将举例说明这一能量守恒定律的实际应用。
热量热量是能量的一种形式,最初是由其他形式的能转化为热能而得。
例如,转动的轮子所含的机械能因摩擦转化为热。
热量经常被定义为传递中的能量,这是因为它从不满足于静止,而总是从一个热的物体转移到一个较冷的物体。
地球上的大部分热量来自太阳辐射。
一个调羹放到冰水中,会将热量传给水而变冷;相反,将一个调羹放到热咖啡中,则它会从咖啡中吸收热量而变热。
但是,所谓“较热的”和“较冷的”都是相对的。
在绝对零度度以上任何温度,热量都是存在的,哪怕只有极小的量。
绝对零度是科学家用于描述可能达到的最低理论温度。
处于绝对零度时,热量不再存在。
绝对零度大约是华氏零下460度(-273.15度)。
与此标准相比,我们在地球上所经历的最寒冷的天气真是太温暖了。
温度温度是用于测量热的强度的度量,也是决定热能以何种方式移动的指示器。
在美国,温度通常以华氏温标(o F)表示,但摄氏温标(℃)在世界其他地区广泛使用。
两种温标有两个相同的基准点,即在海平面处水的冰点和沸点。
在海平面处,水在32o F即0℃是冻结,在212o F即100℃时沸腾。
在华氏温标中,上述两点之间的温差被均分成180等分,每一等分称为1o F。
与之相应,在摄氏温标中,上述两点之间的温差被均分成100等分,每一等分称为1℃。
华氏温标和摄氏温标之间的关系可以用如下公式表示:华氏度=9/5摄氏度+32°摄氏度=5/9(华氏度-32°)热量测量温度的测量与热量无关。
火柴的火焰与篝火的温度可能是一样的,但显而易见两者所释放的热量差别极大。
今天美国使用的热量测量的基本单位是英热单位,即俗称的BTU。
一个BTU定义为使一磅水升温一华氏度所需的热量。
例如,使一加仑的水(大约8.3磅)(3.77Kg)从70o F(21.1℃)升温到80o F(26.7℃)需要83BTU(87.5KJ)的热量。
即8.3×(80-70) = 83传热热力学第二定律指出热总是从高温物体传向低温物体。
传热的速率正比于两个物体之间的温差。
假设两个钢球并排放在一个绝热的盒内。
一个钢球重一磅,温度为400o F(204.4℃),另一个钢球重1,000磅,温度为390o F(198.9℃) 大球所含的热量较小球要多的多,但是由于温差的关系,热将从小球传向大球直到两者温度相等。
热能够以下列三种方式中的任何一种方式传播:辐射、传导和对流。
热辐射是指热以波的方式传递,就象光波或无线电波。
例如,太阳能就是以辐射的方式传到地球的。
一个人只需由阴影处走到阳光下,即使两地的周围空气温度是相同的,仍可以明显地感受到热波的影响。
在温度较低和温差较小的情况下,热辐射是较小的。
因此,在实际的制冷过程中,热辐射的影响并不重要。
然而,对于直接受外界太阳辐射的制冷空间或者产品,辐射热也许是影响制冷负荷的一个主要因素。
水的沸点在标准大气压下温度刻度的比较华氏度摄氏度32o F.0o C.0o F.-40o F.-40o C.-17.8o C.第一部分 制冷基础／第一节 基本的制冷原理热传导是热在物体中的流动。
若要在两个物体间通过这种方式发生热传递,则两个物体必须有实际的物理接触。
热传导是一种高效的传热方式,任何人只要触摸一下发烫的金属物体就可感受到这一点。
对流是热通过流体介质流动进行传递的方式。
流体介质可以是气体或液体,通常是空气或水。
空气可以被一个炉子加热,然后排放到房间里,通过对流方式加热房间内的物体。
在一个典型的制冷应用中,热的传递通常是一个复合过程。
一件设备的传热能力为各种热传递方式的总和。
虽然没有温差时传热不会发生,但是不同材料的导热能力是不同的,金属是热的良导体,而石棉由于热阻很大而被视作热绝缘体。
状态变化绝大部分物质以固体、液体或气体的形式存在,这取决于它们所处的温度和压力。
热可以改变物质的温度,因而也能够改变物质的状态。
当物质由固态变为液态或由液态变为气态时,尽管没有发生温度变化,但是热量依然被吸收。
但物质由气态变回液态或由液态变为固态时,等量的热量会被释放。
上述过程最常见的例子是水。
水以液体的形式存在,也可以以固态冰或水蒸气的形式存在。
冰是水用于制冷的一种有用形式,因为冰会恒定在32o F(0℃)的温度下溶化吸收热量。
如果将水置于一开口的平底锅中放在炉子上加热,水的温度会升至沸点(在海平面处是212o F(100℃)。
不管加入多少热量,水的温度不会超过212o F(100℃),因为水将完全蒸发变成水蒸气。
如果这些水蒸气能够被密封在一密闭容器中并且加入更多的热量,那么温度将会再度上升。
显然,沸腾或蒸发过程是吸热的。
当蒸汽冷凝变成水,其释放的热量与其蒸发时吸收的热量完全相等(蒸汽辐射加热器是利用此类热量的一种常见设备)。
如果将水冻结成冰,制冷过程所需要除去的热量正好等于冰溶化时吸收的热量。
于是,问题就产生了:上面所说的那些热量跑到哪里去了呢？科学家发现,所有的物质都是由分子构成的。
分子是一些极小的建筑模块,它们以一定的模式排列形成各种不同的物质。
在固态或液态的时候,分子之间的距离非常小。
而在气态的时候,分子之间隔得非常远。
而且运动非常自由。
水吸收的热能变成了分子的能量,使得分子进行了重新排列,从而冰就变成了水,而水就变成了蒸汽。
当蒸汽冷凝变成水,等量的分子能又转换成热能。
显热显热是物质温度发生变化所对应的那部分热量。
当水的温度由32o F(0℃)升至212o F(100℃)时,发生的是水的显热的增加。
物质比热的定义是1磅(0.454Kg)的物质温度升高1o F(0.56℃)所需的热量BTU值。
根据定义,水的比热为1.0。
然而对于给定的温升范围,不同的物质所需的热量是不同的。
使1磅的奶油温度升高1o F只需0.64BTU(0.986KJ)的热量。
而使1磅(0.454Kg)铝温度升高1华氏度(0.56℃)只需0.22BTU(0.232KJ)的热量。
因此,这两种物质的比热分别是0.64(0.986)和0.22(0.232)。
溶解潜热物质由固态变成液态,或者由液态变成固态的过程中吸收或释放的热量称为溶解潜热。
有时也称作融化潜热或凝固潜热。
当1磅的冰溶化时,它在32o F(0℃)的常温下吸收144BTU(151.8KJ)的热量。
相应地,在32o F(0℃)的恒温下,要使1磅(0.454Kg)水凝固成冰,则必须由水中除去144BTU(151.8KJ)的热量。
在食品的冷冻中,食品中所含的水分的凝固潜热必须加以考虑,通常这可以通过检测一给定产品中的含水量来确定。
蒸发潜热物质由液态变成气态,或者由气态变成液态的过程中吸收或释放的热量称为蒸发潜热。
由于沸腾只是一个快速的蒸发过程,所以蒸发潜热也可以称作沸腾潜热,汽化潜热或者对于蒸发的逆过程而言,称为冷凝潜热。
当1磅的水沸腾或者蒸发时,在212o F(100℃)的恒温下(在海平面处)吸收970BTU(1,022KJ)的热量。
相应地,将1磅(0.454Kg)蒸汽冷凝为水需要从中除去970BTU(1,022KJ)的热量。
由于在蒸发和冷凝时有大量的潜热吸收或释放,因此在此过程中热传递是非常高效的。
尽管所处的温度和压力会有所不同,但象水这样的状态变化规律同样适合于任何液体。
由液态转化为气态时的吸热和由气态转化为液态时的放热是整个机械制冷过程的重点,其中潜热的转移是制冷的基本方法。
升华潜热在一些物质的状态变化过程中,物质可不经过液态而直接由固态转化为气态。
最常见的例子就是将干冰,即固体二氧化碳用于冷却。
同样的过程可以发生在凝固点温度以下的冰身上。
这些过程也被用用于一些极端低温和高真空的冷冻干燥过程中。
升华潜热等于溶解潜热和蒸发潜热的总和。
饱和温度在一定的温度和压力下,物质的气液两相可以同时存在,这种情况称为饱和。
饱和的液体或气体是指处于沸点温度下的液体或气体,对于海平面处的水而言,其饱和温度212o F(100℃)。
压力升高时,饱和温度会随之上升;而压力降低是,饱和温度也会随之下降。
过热蒸汽在液体变成蒸汽后,在压力不变情况下任何额外的热量加给蒸汽都会使得蒸汽的温度升高。
由于是温度升高的结果,故这是显热。
过热蒸汽这一术语被用于描述温度高于其沸点或饱和点的气体。
我们周围的空气就是由过热蒸汽组成的。
过冷液体任何一种液体,当其温度低于其同等压力下的饱和温度时就称之为过冷。
低于其沸点(在海平面处是212o F(100℃)温度的任何温度的水都是过冷的。
大气压包围地球的大气层是由气体构成的。
其主要成分是氧气和氮气。
大气层覆盖在地表上空厚达数英里。
大气层的重量作用在地球上就产生了我们生活中的大气压。
在一固定位置,除了由天气变化引起的微小变化,大气压是相对不变的常数。
为了标准化和作为比较时选用的一个基本参考值,在海平面处的大气压被普遍接受为标准大气压。
标准大气压等于14.7磅每平方英寸(简记为Psi)(1.01325×105Pa),也相当于29.92英寸汞柱所产生的压力。
当海拔高于海平面时,围绕地球的大气层的厚度减少,因此大气压减小。
在海拔5,000英尺(1,524m)处,大气压仅有12.2Psi(0.84×105pa)。
绝对压力绝对压力,通常记作磅每平方英寸绝对压力(简记为Psia),定义为高于完全真空的压力。
因此,对于围绕我们的空气而言,绝对压力和大气压是一回事。
表压一个压力表在没有与压力源连通之前的读数被标定为0磅每平方英寸(简记为Psig)。
因此,一个封闭系统的绝对压力总是等于表压加上大气压。
在压力表上,低于0Psig的压力的读数是负的,并被定义为真空度。
一个制冷压力表是通过与表上负读数相平衡的水银柱的高度来标定的。
由于14.7Psi(1.01325×105Pa)相当于29.92英寸汞柱,所以1Psi(6,893 Pa)在表盘上约等于2英寸汞柱(6,773 Pa)。
有一点很重要,需要记住,就是表压是相对于绝对压力而言的。
表1是在假定标准大气压前提下不同海拔高度处的压力关系。
以英寸汞柱表示的绝对压力表明一个理想真空泵所能达到的真空度(英寸汞柱)。