(完整word版)不定式动名词教学案

动词不定式
一．动词不定式的定义
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。

不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍可保持动词的特点。

既可有自己的宾语和状语。

不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.
二．动词不定式的基本形式
动词不定式的基本形式为:to + do
三．动词不定式的时态和语态
四．
由于不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，所以它可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语。

1.作主语
To ask him for help is necessary.
To help poor people is our duty。

但多数情况下,特别是在口语中，常常用引词it来代替不定式作主语，而把不定式移到句子后部去，这样使句子显得平。

上述两句可改变为：
It is necessary to ask her for help。

It is our duty to help poor people.
It is not easy to master a foreign language.
It made me happy to find my key。

注意：如果要说明不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加for sb
It is good for us to take part in physical labour。

It is important for us to master English.
如果表示人品的形容词如kind,good,nice，wise,foolish，stupid，clever，impolit，thoughtful,brave, 等作表语，不定式前加 of sb
It is kind of you to repair my bike.
It is unwise of you to go there alone。

It was thoughtful of you to inform me the news
2.作表语
Her wish is to become a pop singer。

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks。

3.作宾语
I expect to see you tomorrow.
She wanted to borrow my dictionary。

能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词常见有：agree, decide， promise， wish, offer， pretend, refuse, hope，choose，help,fail，expect,choose,desire,long，manage,determine等
在一些复合宾语中,常用it代替不定式作形式宾语,把不定式放在后面.
I find it interesting to study English。

We thought it better to start better.
4.作补语
不定式作宾补时，与宾语构成复合宾语,二者在逻辑上是主谓关系。

The teacher told us not to be so noisy in the classroom。

We advised him to listen to the teacher carefully.
注意：有的不定式不带to，请记住“一感，二听，三让，五看”。

但在被动语态中要加上to
一感:feel 二听：hear,listen to
三让:let， make， have
五看:see， watch， look at, observe, notice
What made him do that again and again。

注意：主动句结构中的宾语补足语在被动结构中称主语补足语。

The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation..
5。

作定语
由only, last， next或序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语；能跟不定式作定语的名词很多。

如ability, attempt, chance， opportunity, effort, desire， intention， wish，promise， way等
I have a lot of things to do.
He is the last one to leave the office。

I don’t think he is the best man to do the job。

I have no desire to travel.
不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。

不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系。

因此，如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。

如：
There is nothing （for us） to think about.
I use a pen to write with.
6.作状语
不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的、结果、原因等
（1）表示目的
He went home to see his parents.
She used a computer to write articles.
不定式作目的状语时，也常用so as to 和in order to +do来表示。

so as to不可置于句首。

I decide to study hard in order to (=so as to） catch up with others。

In order to arrive before dark, we started early
(2）表示结果
What have I said to make you unhappy？
不定式表示结果更常见下列句式：
a)So …as to ;such …as to ；
He is so angry as to be unable to speak 。

We are not such fools as to believe him
b ) … enough （for sb) to…
The book is easy enough for me to read
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
b)too…to;
He is too young to join the army.
c)only to do常表示未曾料到的结果 only doing 常表示情理之中料到的结果
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
We got up early only catching up with the first bus。

（3)表示原因
I am glad to hear the news 。

He was surprised to see them there。

五．动词不定式的否定结构
不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not构成.
I told him not to play in the street.
六．动词不定式的时态和语态的用法
1.不定式时态的用法
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与主语谓语所表示的动作（状态）同时
或(几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。

We invited Professor Wang to give us a talk on the international situation.
（2 ）不定式的完成所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作（状态）之前发生
She seemed to have read the book before.
She pretended not to have seen him。

（3 ) 不定式进行式表示当谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行.
They is said to be building houses in that area now.
He pretended to be reading a book when his mother came in 。

(4）不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词之前已经开始,并一直进行着,到说话时为止，这个动作可能已停止，也可能还在继续。

He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years。

2.不定式语态的用法
(1)当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般用被动
It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.
The books and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room。

(2)如果逻辑主语不出现，只要在意义上是被动，不定式仍用被动式
It is a great honor to be elected a delegate to the Eighteenth Congress of the Communist Party of China. 当选为中国共产党第18次全国人民代表大会的代表是很大的荣誉。

To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing. 被敌人反对不是坏事，而是好事。

(3)在某些结构中，不定式虽然表被动,但仍用主动。

a) 不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且和此句另一个名词或代词有主谓关系时
Give him some books to read。

I have some letters to write tonight。

注意：Do you have something to wash？（you 去执行to wash something ）
I am going to the laundry。

Do you have something to be washed？（something to be washed
并非由句子的主语you 来执行，而是洗衣房的人去做)
b) 不定式用在表语adj 之后作状语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

常见的adj有：heavy,
difficult，good,nice，bad，comfortable,important…
The sentence is not easy to understand。

The man is hard to get along with.
注意：We found the man hard to get along with。

C) 不定式to blame也是用主动表被动
She is to blame。

她该受到责备。

七．不定式的省略to的情况
1.在某些动词如make, let ，see， watch， notice, hear, listen to 等
后作宾语补足语的不定式,主动时省去to,被动需加to
Let me hear you play the piano。

John made her tell him everything(主动) she was made to tell him everything (被动)
They saw him enter the room. （主动） He was seen to enter the room。

（被动）
2 在help后的不定式可带to 也可不带
Help （to) do sth help sb （to) do sth
3 在why引起的某些问句
Why turn off the light?
Why not try again ？
4 在had better, would rather ，would rather …than…,cannot but （不得不，只好），do nothing but
等后
He cannot but agree。

他不得不同意。

My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
注意：在介词but, except之后，如果其前有动词do的某些形式，不定式不带to，反之则须带to There is nothing to do but wait till it stops raining.
There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining。

5.为了避免重复，可以只用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下
列动词后：expect，
hope， forget, want， tell, try ;或出现在be glad/happy, would like/love等后面.
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be， have， have been这些词要保留。

如:
I haven't been to Hong Kong， but I wish to .
--—-Are you on holiday?
——-—No, but I’d like to。

----I didn’t tell him the news
-—--Oh, you ought to have. 你本应该告诉他的。

不定式练习
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing B。

to produce C。

having produced D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making B。

not make C 。

not to make D. nor to make
3。

Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A 。

making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D 。

to make herself heard
4。

The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left。

A .to tell
B .to be told
C 。

telling
D .told
5。

You were silly not _______your car。

A. to be locked B。

to have locked C. locking D. having locked
6。

The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. robbed
B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed
D. having been robbed
7。

The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success。

A。

to take place B. to be taken place
C. to have taken place D。

being taken place
8。

As a result of my laziness， I failed ________ my work in time.
A。

and finished B。

to finish C。

and finishing D. to finished
9. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time。

A。

to have not B. to not have C. not to have D。

not having
10. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________。

A. wait, to come
B. wait; come
C. waiting; coming D。

waited; came
11 .It is a proble m that doesn’t need ________ right now。

A. to solve
B. solving
C. being solved D。

to be solving
12. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble. A。

making B。

to make C. to have made D. having made
13. ——— You should have thanked her before you left。

——- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing s
答案：BCDBB BABCA BBB
动名词
一．动名词的定义
动名词是动词的另一种非限定形式。

动名词有名词和动词的特征,可以带上宾语和受状语修饰.动名词加宾语或状语构成动名词短语。

动名语在句中起名词的作用,可单独或引起短语作主语、表语、宾语、定语
1.作主语
Learning new words is very useful to me.
注意：动名词和不定式都可作主语,一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般的行为多用动名词，而表示具体的某次行为，特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.
动名词也可以用于下列句型结构中：
It is +no use /no good /fun /a waste of time/useless +doing sth （it为形式主语）
There is no doing sth 做…是不行的,做…是不可能的
It is no use talking like this . 象这样谈话没用
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡
2 .作表语
Her job is teaching English.
注意：动名词作表语时，不可与进行时态混淆.试比较
He is collecting stamps.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
3 作宾语
(1)其后只可接动名词作宾语的动名词的动词和短语有：
Consider(考虑）,deny, enjoy， finish, imagine, practise， suggest, advice， appreciate, mind, risk， escape, endure， miss ，avoid, admit, allow ，permit, forbid， look forward to, get down to, devote…to， get used to， lead to ，contribute to， object to， pay attention to, attach important to，set about, depend on, can’t h elp（禁不住）
I can’t imagine doing that with them。

Have you finished reading the book?
(2)有些动词之后既可接动名词也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。

I need to have a rest.
(3)有时可用引词it来代替动名词作宾语，而把动名词移到句子后部去，这样使句子显得平。

S + think/consider/find… +it + useless/no good/no use +doing sth
I found it useless (no use） arguing about it。

（it为形式宾语）
4. 作定语
There is a swimming pool in our school。

（a pool for swimming )
注意:动名词作定语说明所修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语则表示所修饰名词的动作.
a sleeping car (a car for sleeping）
a sleeping boy ( a boy who is sleeping)
四．动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由“逻辑主语+动名词”构成。

在句中可作主语和宾语
1.动名词作主语时,逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格
His /Tom's/that girl’s being late made the teacher angry.
2.动名词作宾语时，逻辑主语可用1）形容词性物主代词或名词所有格2）代词宾格或名词普通格
The teacher was angry at his/him being late .
Tom’s/Tom
That girl’s/that girl
注意:当动名词逻辑是无生命的东西，就用名词普通格，不用名词所有格即名词’s
The doctor is afraid of a relapse occurring in a few minutes。

旧病复发。

The noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.
五．动名词的否定形式
动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成，如
I regret not being able to help you.
I apologize for not having waited for you。

六．动名词的时态
1. 动名词的一般式
动名词一般式表示的动作1）发生的时间不明确，或2）与谓语动作同时发生,或3)发生在谓语动作之后时，用动名词的一般式。

I enjoy playing football. （playing 所表示的时间概念不明确）
I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
注意：在某些动词后,动名词所表示的动作虽然发生在谓动词所表示动作之前，但这时仍用动名词的一般式
I don’t remember ever seeing her anywhere。

On returning home， he found his mother seriously ill.
2.动名词的完成式
动名词完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前
I regret having been unable to write you earlier.
He denied having taken any money from the cash register。

（现金出纳机）
I don't remember having ever seeing the film
七．动名词的语态
在语态上,动名词有主动式和被动式。

主动表示主动意义，被动表示被动意义。

He insisted on sending her to hospital。

他坚持要把她送到医院.
He insisted in being sent to work in the countryside。

他坚持要被派到乡下。

He came in without being asked。

没人请他进来，他自已进来的。

动名词练习
1） The thief took away the woman's wallet without____。

A) being seen B） seeing
C) him seeing D） seeing him
2） I've enjoyed ____ to talk with you.
A) to be able B) being able
C） to been able D) of being able
3) No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.
A） to be influenced B） being influenced
C) influencing D）having influence
4） They are considering ____ before the prices go up.
A） of buying the house B） with buying the house
C) buying the house D) to buy the house
5) Your shirt needs ____. You’d better have it done today。

A) iron B） to iron
C) ironing D) being ironed
6) My radio isn't working。

It ____.
A) need repairing B） needs to repair
C） needs repairing D） need to be repaired
7） The suspect at last admitted ____ stolen goods but denied ____ them.
A） receiving.。

.selling
B) to receive.。

.to sell
C) to receiving。

..to selling
D) to have received。

..to have sold
8） She apologized for ____ to come。

A） her not being able B) her being not able
C） being able not D) that she's not able to
9） Tony， would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty ____ his tape recorder?
A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix
10） I remember ____ to help us if we ever got into trouble。

A) once offering B） him once offering
C） him to offer D） to offer him
11) Do you feel like ____ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home？
A） going...to have B） to go。

to have
C) to go.。

having D） going。

.。

have
12）We can’t imagine ____ in the entrance examination， for she has never been to school.
A) she succeeding B) her succeeding
C） she succeed D) her to succeed
13) I don't like ____ at me。

A） them laughing B） their laugh
C） them laugh D） them to have laughed
14 "Why was Fred so upset?" "He isn't used ____ criticized。

"
A) be B) to be C) to being D） been
答案：ABBCC CAABB DBAC。