必修一 直接引语与间接引语的转换

2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语 引导词为: if 或 whether 语序: 陈述（即主语在前，谓语在后）
• He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” • He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. • He said, “ You are interested in English, aren't you?” • He asked ( whether ) I was interested in English.
从句 一般将来时 动词 He said: 时态 “We shall 相应 start 变化 tomorrow.”
直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化:
一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时
由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况 时态不变: 1. 不变的真理 The teight travels much faster than sound.” → The teacher told the students that light travels much faster than sound.
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语 引导词为: 特殊疑问词 语序: 陈述（即主语在前，谓语在后）
• He said to me，“What's your name?” • He asked me what my name was. • He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” • He asked us ( how many ) car factories had been built in our country.
D. if he heard…the week ago
7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time
直接引语(变化前) 动词 为一
间接引语(变化后) 动词
主句 引导动词为: 从句 从句动词变为: 时态 “I know it,” He said that 般过 相应 he said. he knew it. 去时 变化 一般现在时 一般过去时
直接引语(变化前) 主句 动词 为一 般过 去时
间接引语(变化后)
8. Jack said to her, “Where do you
spend your holidays?”
Jack asked her where ____ holidays.
A. she spent her B. you spend your
引导动词为:
从句 现在进行时 动词 “ I’ m 时态 making 相应 coffee for 变化 you all,” she said.
从句动词变为: 过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.
直接引语(变化前)
间接引语(变化后)
主句 引导动词为: 从句 从句动词变为:
间接引语(变化后)
从句动词变为: 从句 动词 时态 相应 变化 过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.
直接引语(变化前) 主句 动词 为一 般过 去时 引导动词为:
间接引语(变化后) 从句动词变为: 过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.
一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语下列情况时态不变
Grammar
Direct Speech & Indirect speech
引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:
一.原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内, 这叫直接引语 (Direct Speech)
三 不 变 引号内的第三人称 She said to me , She told me that 在变间引后人称不 “ They want to they wanted to help him.” help him. 变
时态的变化
直接引语(变化前) 主句动词为一般现在 时或现在完成时 She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” 间接引语(变化后) 从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.
5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that
2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now
3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week
C. I walked…last week
动词 现在完成时 动词 过去完成时 为一 “I have 时态 He said he had 般过 seen her 相应 seen her before.
去时 before,”
said he.
变化
直接引语(变化前) 主句 动词 为一 般过 去时
间接引语(变化后) 从句 动词 时态 相应 变化
引导动词为:
Exercise
1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day
2. 经常的习惯：
Tom said, “I go to work in my car every
day.” → Tom said that he goes to work in his car every day.
3. 历史事件：
The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ
ended in 1945.” → The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.
间接引语 that those then before/earlier that day the next/following day
tomorrow
直接引语
the day after tomorrow yesterday last night the day before yesterday come here
一般过去时
从句动词变为:
过去完成时 He said he had seen her the
“I saw her
last night,”
he said.
night before.
直接引语(变化前)
引导动词为: 主句 动词 为一 般过 去时 过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.
4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to,
had better等：
She said to me: “You must hurry up.”
→ She said that I must hurry up.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向 动词的变化
直接引语
this these now ago today
D. he has walked…this week
4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that __ take it back ____. A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day
间接引语
in two days’ time the day before the night before two days before go there
注意：如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间 状语或地点状语一律不变
将下列句子转换为间接引语：
1. He said,“ I have finished my homework last night”. He said that he had finished his homework the night before. 2. She said,“ I haven’t seen her today.” She said that she hadn’t seen her that day.
人称变化 间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.
口诀 说明 直接引语 间接引语 一 引号内的第一人称 She said,“ I likeShe said that she 随 变间引后与主句主 Tennis.” liked tennis. 主 语的人称保持一致 二 引号内的第二人称 He said to Lily, He told Lily that 随 变间引后与主句宾 “ you must get she must get up early. 宾 语的人称保持一致 up early.”
二.用自己的话加以转述,在多数情况下构成 宾语从句,这叫间接引语 (Indirect Speech)
句子结构的变化
1. 直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语的方法 引导词为: that 语序: 不变
• He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” • He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. • He said, “I'll give you an exam next Monday. ” He told us ( that ) he would give us an exam the next Monday.
6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a
week ago?”
Jane asked ____ about _____.
A. that he heard…a week ago
B. what he had heard…the week before
C. what he had herd… a week ago