托福阅读技巧集合2(Readingskill)

托福96年10月－97年8月阅读文章词汇选择及参阅
一、听力场景
（一）娱乐场景
1音乐会
－永远好听
－喜欢classical music, 不喜欢Rock&Roll
－去不了因为要学习
－提前买票
2剧院演出
－有票没票
－座位是否调换
＊在卖on sale；卖完了be sold out
＊正前方的位置orchestra section；楼座balcony
3美术馆
－喜欢去且最好是modern art
＊油画oils；版画prints；水彩画water color；壁画fresco；素描sketch；肖像画portrait；山水画landscape 4电影
－不好看，不值money
＊It was hardly worth the wait price of admission
5买东西
－买什么:invest in, stock up on, 以旧换新trade it in,分期付款pay by installment, 头期款down payment,卖东西cash in on sth.
－买没买（注意虚拟语气）,退货refund，预付in advance/deposit
－喜欢便宜货: on sale; good bargain/deal/price/buy; discount; %off
＊东西巨贵cost you an arm and a leg, cost sb dearly, dear sth, make a fortune,cost a
bundle
＊价钱公道fair, reasonable, affordable, acceptable.
6养花种草
－花草长势
－阳光水份: sunlight; water regularly
－摆哪儿合适：窗前sunlight；角落里shade
7照相
－效果:模糊blurry
－用光，胶卷:闪光灯flash, 焦距focus, out of focus, adjust the focus, 照相shot, a roll of
film, 冲卷develop, 放大enlarge
8邮局
－不满意：It took forever to arrive.
9外出吃饭(go out for lunch, dine out)
－上哪儿吃：一角dime, 五分nickel, 1分penny, 分cent
－爱尝鲜appetizer开胃物，打包酒菜carryout,腌制souse,
－喜欢安静：prefer a quiet place
－谁请客：我请客This is my treat; Let me treat you; Let me pick up the bill. Foot the bill
AA制：go fifty fifty, Let's spit the check, two bills
－点错菜：order，菜单recipe
*侍者常用语：①Bring the menu-are you ready to order now? ②take your order-I'll be with
you in a moment③recommend sth-specialty特色④serve food- I'll take care of it. I'll see to it.
10贪吃场景
－吃完：eat up, clean out, empty, go out.
－谁打扫:残羹冷炙leftover
*饭量小eat like a bird, 饭量大eat like a horse, 酒量大drink like a fish, 能睡sleep like a log, 能抽烟smoke like a chimney
11吃
－apple-pie好吃out of the world, pizza 难吃taste awful,
*一份helping/serving/bite，吃一点take a bite of
12咖啡
－爱喝，别上瘾be addicted to，戒掉be off
－不喝不加奶的咖啡not drink it black
－不喝因为咖啡因caffeine
13着装
＊style,正装formal suit, 休闲装casual jeans.
＊Color (蓝色最好),navy (blue), solid blue, deep/light blue.褪色fade, faint, lose the
color.不褪色retain its color.
＊Size: 松loose，紧tight, It's tight on waist. 缩水shrink
＊Design: 条stripped，点dotted，格plaid，做工精细elegant, 短裤shots
14减肥on diet
－身体好，身材好perfect shape, good/excellent condition
－要坚持，需锻炼I've got to get a shape.
*slim①苗条②机会少
15理发
－价贵，去哪儿理
－换发型，不好认make out/recognize
*理发店：hair salon, hairdresser,发型师stylist
*修流海trim the bangs，鬓角side,中分parting in the middle，左分parting to the left,耳朵上 over the ear,到后背in the back.
16渡假
－宠物：谁看have sb to do sth, 与宠物相处，宠物喜欢你be attached to，掉毛shed －旅行社：订机票book/reserve, 房间：取消cancel, 换房switch room
*乖一点be good
*Hotel or Motel: ashtray, 肥皂和手巾soap and towel, front desk.
17海滩
－爱去
－干什么
＊enjoy lying on the beach, take a sun bath, play sand volleyball, swimming, surfing(冲浪)
－没钱去不了
18晚会party
-the more the merrier
19天气
－天气变化：多云overcast，大风high wind，暴风雪blizzar，倾盆大雨downpour/pouring，阵雨shower，（雨雪）停light up，放晴clear up，（好天气）持续keep up/hold on,变暖warm up
－picnic/barbecue总在下雨天sunshine.
－天气好，心情好：It's nice/good to have sth for a change.
－天气与穿衣:收衣服put away/pack，找出衣服get out
－是不是要买衣服：羊毛衫wool sweater，羽绒服down jacket，靴子boot，手套glove，围巾scarf *美国天气预报三项指标：湿度humility,降雨量precipitation,温度temperature
20机场
－天气不好影响航班：the flight was delayed/canceled due to the bad weather
21运动
－爱运动，耽误学习
－喜欢所有beach/gym activities.冰球ice hockey,棒球base ball, football
* hiking远足, cycling骑车, rock-climbing攀岩, skiing滑雪, jogging跑步, golf
* tennis网球:正/反手fore/back hand，续弦restring，球场court，接/发球serve/refurn，出界go out of bounds.
（二）学习场景
1论文
－题目难定（太大）too broad a topic
－资料难查（太多）too much material to cover
－多找教授（时间）
－打字困难（机房）机少人多，想买机
2笔记
－考笔记be based on the lecture/notes
－字难认make out/recognize handwriting
3考试
－永远难was supposed to be easy
－不推迟put it off, hold off, delay, postpone
－分数低:及格passing grade，不及格failing grade，好分数perfect grade
－心里不好受down
＊take-home exam开卷考试，workshop研讨会, seminar研究会
4评价教授
－小对话中（不好），段子题中（好）
－不迟到punctual/prompt，不早退，常拖堂run over time/late,
－要求严，出题难，给分低
*听不懂：be lost/be all at sea/in the dark
*听懂：figure out/make sense/catch/follow words
*打瞌睡：drop off/doze off, keep watching the clock, keep counting the time.
5作业
－作业多：I've had enough of it.(I'll never have enough of it.高兴语气)
*have one's hands full, be tied up, be booked, be up to one's eyes/ears/neck with work. Have a million things to do. Study 48 hours in a day.
－想迟交，不迟交:交作业hand in/ turn in, 迟交extension, 多给时间extra/more time
6熬夜
－常熬夜：sit up, stay doing sth
－不熬夜get out of it, wise
7书店
－有货没货in stock/ out of stock
－印，不印in /out of print
－过时out-dated, 最新的updated/current
－平装paper back，精装hard back
8图书馆
－还书：recall a book, library loan, 续借renew, 传记作者biographer, 微缩胶片microfiche
－罚钱:overdue, late return, fine , moratorium(暂停，推迟)，
9
－定主题，听语气，背套话
＊本：yellow pages, telephone directory，干扰static，接通put through
＊占着tie up, be off下线断线,过会打给你get back to sb.
10选课
－先学入门课intro/basic/prerequisite，再学高级课，教授得同意approval/permission/signiture
－三大顾虑:too much, too difficult, intro course
－课程难，心情不好
－少选明智，多选犯傻，时刻准备退课drop
(三)生活场景
1找房
－抱怨：dormitory①太小太脏②太吵③管的太严；apartment①东西老坏②室友难处neat,
considerate.
－找房难，不愿搬，抱怨多，怕涨价，减装修
－房东landlord，租户tenant
2噪音
－室内：调音turn down，隔音sound proof，没意识到
－室外：airport, highway, traffic
3空气污染
－室内：开窗，空气窒息stuffy,卡住了window is stuck
－室外：没办法，抱怨多
4装修
－少花钱afford，新床new couch
－旧家具往哪放where do you want it to go?
5修理
－什么坏了，找谁:管道工plumber, 水龙头/管子漏leaky faucet/pipe, 下水道堵塞clogged drain,
灯泡
bulb, 电线wiring, 电灯light , 电工electrician
－修理贵，修不如买：以旧换新trade it in
＊修理工的总称：maintenance people, technician, repair person
6高速路highway
－长塞车be tied up/ backed up in traffic, traffic jam, rush hour.
－拐错弯：should have turned, miss the turn
－从哪儿出get out , exit
－违章：超速speeding, 闯红灯go through the red light, 违章停车illegal parking, 停车场lot，罚
单ticket, 交通队traffic court
7迷路，问路
＊中南central south，左上角upper left hand，右下角lower right hand，沿着走go down, walk along. Off to
＊你去哪儿：where are you heading for leaving for
8外伤
－易受伤
－伤哪里:twist, strain, hurt, injure, shoulder, wrist, ankle, knee
－能不能动
－原因：搬东西或锻炼
9看病
－症状:feel under the weather身体不适,catch a cold, have ringing in the ears, running
nose, sneeze喷嚏。

感染…病come down with, get a touch of, catch
－禁忌
－药管不管用:药起了作用it works/helps. It does good. It does the trick. It make
difference.
＊药片pill，剂量dosage，入院be admitted to hospital, 出院check out of/release from
＊医务室infirmary,clinic. 药房pharmacy,棉团floss, 打针shots，抓药fill
10打工
－时间，工资，经验
－职责，感受
11借钱，还钱
－不愿借
－不想还
－（语气）why
12帮忙
－帮或不帮
－为何不帮
lack of
13捎东西 low on sth
－缺什么be short of
－要或不要，原因 run out of
14搭车
－搭不上，听原因:接sb. pick sb up, 下车到哪儿drop sb off at sw
15等人
－等不着
－不想等
－why
(四)特色场景－女尊男卑
1男生宿舍总是脏（女生脏，因为学习）
＊mess, a real dump/mess, messed up, messy,乱七八槽at sixs and sevens, chaos, chaotic ＊I haven't done much cleaning recently. My room is like a tornado hit it.
＊吸尘器vacuum/rag cleaner
2男生爱花钱
＊have money to burn, burn the candle at both ends, spend money like water
*花完go through = use up
*破产I was broke, I never seem to have enough money.
*save for rainy days.存钱以备不时之需
3男生害羞
－内向keep sth to oneself, not sociable, feel embarrassed, self-conscious
4男生爱紧X
－考试
－presentation stand/sit
－宣布谁得奖学金 restless quietly
＊坐立不安 too excited to be still ,be on edge, on pins and needles, like a cat on hot bricks, pace the floor(来回踱步)
5男生各种环习惯
＊睡过头oversleep, be late for class, miss the class
＊失眠insomnia/wake up,辗转反侧toss and turn, twist, 安眠药sleeping pills
＊Never hand in the paper on time. Extension, extra time, be behind in(落后)，be backed up(堆积作业)，临考抱佛脚crem for the exam
＊补考fail the exam, make up the exam.
6女生Mystery, 爱学习
＊make no sense to me. Sth I'll never figure out. Over my head. Beyond me/my
understanding.
＊How she manage to do it is a mystery to me. 答案中：wonder, surprised
＊拉都拉不走tear sb away from the books
7女生不记仇
＊故意mean to do,记恨 hold the grudge, forgive, forgiving, tolerant,忘掉 get over it ＊broad-minded, open heart, a heart of gold. Think much/little of sb. Look up to /down upon sb
8常考女生的优点（参看男生缺点）。

好女帮男场景：说教
二、听力句型总结
-as…as…
as cool as a cucumber, as fit as fiddle, as healthy as horse, as poor as a church mouse, as strong as an ox, as like as two peas(长得象)，peas and carrots(形影不离)，apples and oranges(大不相同)，as proud as peacock, as changeable as moon, as punctual as a church clock, as sly as fox, as light as feather, as hungry as a wolf.
-be the last thing +定从,最不希望的，最不需要的，最不愿意的。

-hasn't he, isn't it +ever/though.可不是吗！(很同意)
-if only 要是…就好了。

答案的标志是虚拟语气和wish.
-not that, not as…adj….as you think不至于那么过分吧
-不辞辛苦做某事go out of one's way to do. Take great trouble to do sth. Go extra miles to do sth.
-吃惊：Jees. Boy! Man! Jesus christ! Dear me! Wow!
-对我都一样：It makes no difference to me. Does it make any difference. What
differencedoes
it make. It's all the same to me.
-感觉如何：What do you think of sth? How do you like sth? How do you find sth? How do you feel about sth? Would you like A or B? Do you feel like sth? Are you in a mood for
anything?
-开玩笑吧：So you say. Pull my leg.
-流泪my eyes swim in tears, shed tears of remorse, I can't hold back my tears
-你真了不起：You are somebody. You are a big potato.
-提醒：I don't think you'll do… I was wondering if you will do s th. I don't imagine if you do. You have not done sth, have you?
-听我说：You know why. Tell me why.
-我本想做某事（但没做）I meant to do.. should have given. Was supposed to do sth. I have been meaning to..
-赞同：You bet. Sure thing. And how. Isn't it though/ever. Go ahead. By all means.
-责备：When will you ever do sth? Do I have to tell you? Don't I tell you sth? Why didn't you…
-怎么了？What's up/matter/wrong with sb? how have you been? How are you coming
along/doing?
What's new with you?
三、习语 lose his cool失去冷静
-冷静 cool off 冷静，天气变冷
play it cool
-不介意：not at all, not a bit/little, not in the slightest, not in the least
-不愿让人做某事：make sb uncomfortable to do sth
-对人宽容go easy on sb. Be lenient with. Be kind to
-挤时间做某事：get around to do sth, take time out/off from doing sth, spare time to do
sth, afford time to do sth, squeeze/steal time to do
-健忘slip one's mind/memory. Have a shot memory, not good with.. be terrible with..
forgetful, absent-minded, scatter-brain, go in one ear and out the other. Wops.
-快，马上：in no time, by and by, on short notice, right now/away/off, in a
moment/minute/second
-去哪里，朝哪里去head to/for sw, make for, leave for, set out for, be off to , be away to -生气：be put out with sb, be burned up at sb, get one's back up, hit/raise the
roof/ceiling,
be enraged, get on one's nerve, rub sb the wrong way, annoy/irritate sb.
-顺便看望：drop/stop/come by/over/in
-太忙heavy/busy/tight schedule
-太热super/burning/blazing/unbearable/scorcher hot
-听某人的建议：go by/follow/listen to one's suggestion
-一点也不奇怪：no wonder. Little surprise.
-有时，偶而：occasionally, sometimes, every so often, every now and them, every once in a
while, at times, from time to time, on and off.
-在某方面擅长：know the stuff/ropes/tricks/one's beans
-逐步地：gradually, step by step, bit by bit, little by little, inch by inch, piece by piece,
line by line, word by word.
-bottom line 说话的核心，well, the bottom line is that…
-check out①检查，询问②借书③出院④退房
-come in handy 派上用场，会有用的
-for the life of sb无论如何
-get ov er: ①完成作业②病全愈③忘掉（不愉快）
-go through ①用完②检查③经历过④办手续
-我认为I suspect, 我确认I bet, 我估计I expect, 我不认为I doubt, 我原以为I thought, 我原以为I was hoping, 我曾经是I used to be, 我本应该I was supposed to
-on one's way 马上出发; on the way已经在路
-pick up ①取东西②接人③买东西
-put up ①挂起②住宿
-up to :胜任：it's up to sb to do sth, sb is up to doing sth②熬夜sit/be up to do sth③达到up to sth
四、单词
-beat①超过，胜过②难倒③很累
-care①take care of it处理，照顾②care to 愿意③care about关心④care for喜欢
-catch①赶上②听懂③传染
-commitment ①约会＝engagement, appointment ②承担责任
-due①n.费用②a过期
-fountain 街头饮水机
-line①行车路线bus line②横线line paper ③电线power line
-meet①上课②接人③见面
-order①点菜②订购，邮购③顺序
-pack ①收拾行李，②拥挤
-serve ①发球②上菜
-rapids 中等城市的环铁
-rehearse①练习②排演
-return ①回球（网球）②回
-take a rain check 改天一定去
-电脑词汇：显示器monitor，存盘save it on disk，屏幕screen，全部丢失wipe out，色带ribon -取消（课）：cut, cancel, call off
-忍受：stand, bear, put up with, tolerate, withstand.
-涨价：rising, go up, increase, soaring, rocketing,
-职位空缺：opening, vacancy, post
TOEFL长段文章预测法举例
TOEFL长段文章有时涉及科技内容，有些考生因不熟悉背景，且对原文预测不利，而失误。

下面就PART C 全真TOEFL试题作一示X。

46. A) To make recommendations on sensible dieting.
B) To report the latest advances in brain surgery.
C) To relate an experiment combining sleep and exercise.
D) To advise on ways of dealing with sleep difficulties.
47. A) Your heart rate is lowered.
B) It becomes harder to relax.
C) You become too tired to sleep.
D) Sleep rhythms are disrupted.
48. A) Failure to rest during the day.
B) Lack of sleep on weekends.
C) Vigorous exercise in the evening.
D) Eating cheese before going to bed.
49. A) They might eventually cause you to lose sleep.
B) They help produce a neurotransmitter in the brain.
C) You must not drink milk it you take them.
D) They make it unnecessary to take naps.
50. A) At a radio station.
B) In a lecture hall.
C) In a biology lab.
D) At the doctor’s office.
一、预测
46题：四个选项为不定式，且为第一题（文章），道正老师认为可判断本题是本文目的（不定式表目的）或主题。

47题：四个选项为细节，且出现“become”字样，可预测原文为“what happens when …?”。

另根据内容四个选项词汇“heart rate、sleep、harder to relax、sleep rhythms”，可判断原文内容与“睡觉”有关。

48题：四个选项为名词，且出现否定，判断为原文问原因。

且四个选项内容与睡觉有关。

49题：四个选项中出现“they”，考生应判断“they”指代何者。

再根据选项C“You must not drink mild if you take them”，可判断they可吃，再根据选项A内容，可判断“they”与失眠有关。

50题：四个选项为场所，因此判断本题与文章内容无关，而是讲解本讲座发生地点。

二、综合
本文共五题，四题与文章内容有关（其中一题为主题，其余为细节），另一题为客观题（问场合）。

由于47、48、49题讲解内容与睡觉及其困难有关，根据《主题围绕性原那么》判断46题解为D。

（另外，失眠也是ETS历届考题中常见点）。

根据46题选项D“To advise …”可判断原文立足点为“建议”。

因此，本文不太可能是上课情景（50题C排除），也不太可能发生在“doctor’s office”（因为本文是演讲）。

那么50题极有可能是解A（at a radio station）广播电台，advise人们做某事。

根据上面信息，本文讲失眠问题，由此判断49题中“they”很有可能为“安眠药”。

而如果是安眠药，其解肯定为A（安眠药当然不好）。

47题与48题是文章中某些细节，尽管选不出，但由于TOEFL文章次序与题目次序是一致的，因此可基本推出本文次序如下：
a. 陈述失眠问题产生原因
b. 讲解失眠问题解决途径
考生可根据比较线索顺序而听，47题可能为“失眠原因”，48题可能也是归纳。

三、归纳
根据上述分析可知，PART C预测方式应用如下：
1．主题围绕性原那么
2．专业性与非专业性判定原那么
3．对应文字原那么（上下文字）
4．主观（文章内容）、客观（讲话场景）区分原那么
5．次序一致原那么
6．曲折语气优先原那么
7．反复听力语言点原那么
8. 场景知识。