2012年英语四六级深度阅读

Section B(2012年6月四级)
Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won’t necessarily represent. an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.
We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn’t mean people were suddenly happier wit h their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.
Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households, Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.
After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities, A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work.”He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.
The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale(士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.
Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.
Today’s economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably(无法弥补地)ruined. So it’s only when the economy is healthy again that we’ll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.
57.In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to __________.
A)tear many troubled families apart
B)contribute to enduring family ties
C)bring about a drop in the divorce rate
D)cause a lot of conflicts in the family
58.In the Great Depression many unhappy couples close to stick together because
A)starting a new family would be hard
B)they expected things would turn better 中华考试网
C)they wanted to better protect their kids
D)living separately would be too costly
59.In addition to job losses. What stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce?
A)Mounting family debts
B)A sense of insecurity
C)Difficulty in getting a loan
D)Falling housing prices
60.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples?
A)It will force them to pull their efforts together
B)It will undermine their mutual understanding
C)It will help strengthen their emotional bonds
D)It will irreparably damage their relationship
61.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate
B)Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships
C)A stable family is the best protection against poverty.
D)Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage:
People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up toads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Face book because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth. www.exam ｗ.com
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things you city. Your photo, your friends’ n ames-were set, by default (默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information They have a “less satisfying experience”.
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting then At the side of the pages totally Who wants to took at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites.“I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade o ur privacy, it’s only the beginning. Which is why I’m considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t That’s too high a price to pay.
62.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?
A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B)It makes money by putting on advertisements.
C)It profits by selling its users’ personal data.
D)It provides loads of information to its users.
63.What does the author say about most Facebook users?
A)They are reluctant to give up their personal information.
B)They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook.
C)They don’t identify themselves when using the website.
D)They care very little about their personal information.
64.Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?
A)To render better service to its users.
B)To conform to the Federal guidelines.
C)To improve its users’ connectivity.
D)To expand its scope of business.
65.Why does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?
A)Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.
B)Banning the sharing of users’ personal information.
C)Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.
D)Removing ads from all social-networking sites.
66.Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?
A)He is dissatisfied with its current service.
B)He finds many of its users untrustworthy. 转自:考试网- []
C)He doesn’t want his personal data abused.
D)He is upset by its frequent rule changes.
解析
57. What can we learn from some recent studies?
答案：D. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
关键词：recent studies, but also
定位：题干中some recent studies提示答案定位在第一段第一句话。

解析：问题提问从最近的研究中我们可以了解到什么？第一段第一句中Several recent studies found
that…与题干对应，由此可知that后的就是recent studies的内容，即being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict。

其中“being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race”对应了选项D中的“interracial lodging”，“can… but also…”说明了interracial lodging是有利有弊的。

因此D 选项符合文意。

而C选项“弊大于利”不符合文意, A“不同种族学生之间的争执是不可避免的”选项与B“不同种族的学生相互存在偏见”原文中没有明确提及
58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?
答案：D. Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
关键词：surrounded, something to prove
定位：题干中出现的人名Sam Boakye提示答案定位在第四段第一句话。

解析：问题提问Sam Boakye的话是什么意思？通过定位可以找到Sam Boakye的那段话，即if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove. 这句话前面的插入语-the only black student on his freshman year floor- 介绍了Sam Boakye作为黑人学生的背景，帮助我们理解之前那句话：如果你的周围都是白人，那么一定会去证明些什么，言下之意就是选项D“白人同伴的存在会激励黑人学生更加努力地去取得成功”。

而选项A, B, C在文中没有明确提及。

本题选项C有个干扰信息“the freshman year”，在原文中出现。

某些考生看到这个词，不假思索就选择了这个选项，但没有搞懂原文的意思，导致错误选择。

请考生留意。

59. What does the Indian University study show?
答案：A. Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
关键词：Indian University, more likely,
定位：题干中出现的机构名称Indian University提示答案定位在第七段第一句话。

解析：问题提问Indian University的研究显示了什么？通过定位可以发现研究结果显示Interracial roommate were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together，与选项A中的more likely to fall out 对应，因此选择D。

此处，fall out 应该理解为“散伙，分开”有些考生可能因为不理解意思而产生歧义，请考生留意。

60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?
答案：D. The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
关键词：Alec Webley, definition of integration
定位：题干出现的人名Alec Webley提示答案定位在第十段第一句。

解析：通过定位找到人名，人名后出现“This is the definition of integration”，由“t his”可知人名前就是我们要找的答案，即the process throws you together randomly，“throw you together randomly”与“randomly assign”对应。

意思与选项D符合。

因此，此处选择D。

61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
答案：A. It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
关键词：Grace Kao, generalizations
定位：题干中出现的人名Grace Kao以及generalizations提示答案定位在文章最后一段。

根据最后一段意思：要得出Interracial lodging的一般规律，需要对学生的背景特征有更多的研究，与选项D的意思相同。

而选项ABC在文中没有明确提及。

Passage Two
本篇文章主要是围绕一份来自Global Humanitarian Forum的报告展开的，在解题之前，通过对5个题干的浏览，以及在原文中的定位，可以发现，这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题的。

每一个题干中都有大写的字母，这些首字母大写的单词既是关键词，也是定位词，可以有效地帮助我们到原文中准确定位，节省答题时间。

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
答案：B. Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
关键词：Global Humanitarian Forum
定位：第一段、第二段
解析：一般而言，四级的阅读题目大致遵循顺序原则，此篇文章正好是遵循此规律的。

在文章的第一段，第一行，我们看到“…300,000 deaths and about $ 125 billion …”,根据这里，我们可以把答案锁定在选项A（economic）和选项B (Rates of death)，然后我们接着往下看，可以发现，第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了，而都是在讲死亡和疾病的话题，如第二段的第三行“… death rates from illnesses … ”。

所以，最后正确的选项是B。

63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?
答案：A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.
关键词：learn 、Forum's report
定位：第三段
解析：根据顺序原则，我们在接下来的第三段里就找到了63题的答案。

第三段的第一行就讲到“the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk”，这和A选项是完全相一致的，challenged 是criticism的同义替换。

B选项中的“interest”表示“兴趣”，主要用于好的事物，这里讲的都是对the Forum's repor的批评，显然就不合适了。

C选项表达的意思跟原文正好相反，这个是肯定要排除的。

然后，有的同学可能会选到D选项，可能是受到文中第四段“… primarily in poor countries ,were being seriously effected …”这句话的影响。

但是D选项中“a big stir”“一阵巨大的骚乱”文中是完全没有提到的。

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?
答案：B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.
关键词：Dr. Pielke、say
定位：第五段
解析：在第五段，我们可以很快找到Pielke，然后找到他说的话，第二行“the Forum's report was …a methodological embarrassment'”,然后在第六行“but the report, he said…will harm the … it is so deeply flawed'”。

根据这两句话，选项中invalid 是flawed的同义替换，我们可以很容易地选到B。

65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?
答案：D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.
关键词：Soren Andreasen
定位：第六段
解析：在第六段的第二行和第三行，可以看到“the number were rough estimates. He said the r eport was aimed at world leaders … ”,根据这两句话，我们就能较轻松地将正确答案锁定在D选项。

66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?
答案：D. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.
关键词：Kofi Annan、focus of the Copenhagen conference
定位：第七段（即文中的最后一段）
解析：最后一段是Kofi Annan说的一段话。

我们在最后一段的第二行，focus on后面“… from rich to poor regions to help reduce … ”后面的内容就无需再花时间去看了，因为他focus（关注）的地方，在此就已经陈述清楚了，正确答案就是D。

Section B(2012年6月六级)
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B）， C） and D）。

You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows， realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently， and exert more effort， to achieve those goals. What's far less understood by scientists， however， are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.
Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street ， yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-trumpeted practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis ， and unethical （不道德的）behavior in general.
“Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet，the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could
also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors，” says Maurice Schweitzer，an associate professor at Penn…s Wharton School.
“It turns out there…s no economic benefit to just having a goal——you just get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases， goals have economic rewards th at make them more powerful.”
A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron， where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem， Schweitzer says， is the actual trades were not profitable.
Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie， cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.
Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team…s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed
In a rebuttal （反驳） paper， Dr. Edwin Locke writes：“Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”
Bu t Schweitzer contends the “mounting causal evidence” linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. “Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects，” he says.
“Goal-setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight， a strong organizational culture， and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization，” Schweitzer says.
52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting？
A） Its negative effects have long been neglected.
B）The goal increase people…s work efficiency.
C） Its role has been largely underestimated.
D） The goals most people set are unrealistic.
53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron？
A） Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.
B） Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals.
C） Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals.
D） Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.
54. How did Sears… goal-setting affect its employees？
A） They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.
B） They competed with one another to attract more customers.
C） They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.
D） They improved their customer service on a companywide basis.
55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer…s research？
A） Its findings are not of much practical value.
B） It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting.
C） Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.
D） It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject.
56. What is Schweitzer…s contention against Edwin Locke？
A） The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study.
B） Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture.
C） The positive effects of goal-setting outweigh its negative effects.
D） Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices. Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
For most of the 20th century， Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern，innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West…s overly indebted and sluggish （经济滞长的） nations learn from a flourishing Asia？
Just a few decades ago，Asia…s two giants were stagnating（停滞不前） under faulty economic ideologies. However， once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s，followed by India in the 1990s， both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially， as they opened up their markets， they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said，“The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government.”
Contrast this middle path with America and Europe， which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s， America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government——following Ronald Regan…s idea that “government is not the solution to our problem；government is the problem. ”Of course， when the markets came crashing down in 2007， it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact， many Americans are still strongly oppose d to “big government.”
If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine， they would begin to see that the America…s problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of， say，5% would significantly reduce the country‟s huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way， a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions， Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools： that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom， and have built sound long-term fiscal （财政的） policies as a result.
Meanwhile， Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap： the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans， who felt that the markets knew best，the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today， the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time， b ut it will not solve the bloc…s larger problem.
57. What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India？
A） Copying western-style economic behavior.
B） Heavy reliance on the hand of government.
C） Timely reform of government at all levels.
D） Free market plus government intervention.
58. What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying “government is the problem”（line4，Para. 3）？
A） Many social evils are caused by wrong government policies.
B） Many social problems ari se from government…s inefficiency.
C） Government action is key to solving economic problems.
D） Government regulation hinders economic development.
59. What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007？
A） Self-regulatory repair mechanisms of the free market.
B） Cooperation between the government and businesses.
C） Abandonment of big government by the public.
D） Effective measures adopted by the government.
60. What is the author…s sug gestion to the American public in face of the public government deficit？
A） They urge the government to revise its existing public policies.
B） They develop green energy to avoid dependence on oil import.
C） They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.
D） They put up with the inevitable sharp increase of different taxes.
61. What…s the problem with the European Union？
A） Conservative ideology.
B） Shrinking market.
C） Lack of resources.
D） Excessive borrowing.
Passage One
52. D. Its negative effects have long been neglected.
53. A. Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.
54. B. They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.
55. B. Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.
56. A. Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices. 【解析】
本文原文题目为The dark side of goal-setting。

这篇文章有一定难度，尤其是作者的态度一定要把握好。

作者并未全盘否定目标制定，而是说一定要制定切合实际的目标，以保证建设性推进计划，避免不道德行为伤害到计划的实施，因此这方面的研究值得继续推进下去，给大家更好的指导。

Passage two
57. D) Free market plus government intervention.
58. B) Government regulation hinders economic development.
59. B) Effective measures adopted by the government.
60. D) They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.
61. D) Excessive borrowing.
【解析】
文章改编自新闻网站The Daily Beast的文章Asian Wisdom，主题是“那些过度负债、经济增长缓慢的西方国家能从经济繁荣的亚洲学到什么东西”。

作者认为美国和欧洲都受制于自己的意识形态，并指出一些明智的联邦政府措施就可以使美国重新走上正确的道路；欧洲的问题在于不断增加的债务，必须从根本上寻找解决之道。

Section B(2012年12月四级)
As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn‟t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That‟s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. B ut it actually shouldn‟t matter to you nearly as much as you think.
That‟s because job growth numbers don‟t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations,
terminations, and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still humming along, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!
And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.
I don‟t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn‟t have an impact on one‟s ability to land a job. It‟s true that if tota l employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it‟s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it‟s a new one or not.
But what often distin guishes those who land jobs from those who don‟t is their ability to stay motivated. They‟re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn‟t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.
So don‟t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.
57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?
A) deprives many people of job opportunities.
B) prevents many people from changing careers.
C) should not stop people from looking for a job.
D) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening.
58. Where do most job openings come from?
A) Job growth
B) Job turnover
C) Improved economy
D) Business expansion
59. What does the author say about overall job growth?
A) It doesn‟t have much effect on individual job seekers.
B) It increases people‟s confidence in the economy.
C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.
D) It doesn‟t mean greater job security for the employed.
60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
A) Education
B) Intelligence
C) Persistence
D) Experience
61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?
A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.
B) They provide the public with the latest information.
C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.
D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.
SB__1答案
点评：本篇文章选自TIME周刊的财经板块，原文标题为“Why Job Hunters Shouldn‟t Worry So Much About Paltry Job Growth”，文章主要表达了这样一种观点，即找工作的人不必太在意官方提供的高失业率，就业增长等数据，原因在于这些并不等说明现实情况，比如：人员更替带来了更多的职位空缺，因此，即便是经济增速缓慢，就业增长为零，依然还是有很多的职位空缺存在。

所以，如作者最后点睛所言，So don‟t let the
headlines fool you into giving up. 不灰心不放弃。

从整体语言难度来说，文章难度不是很大，财经相关的一些词汇基本都是大家比较熟悉的。

并没有出现过高难度的长难句以及词汇，整体理解起来也相对容易。

今后大家还应当继续注重一些商务词汇的表达，如job turnover（人员更替），termination解雇，land jobs找工作，等等。

57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?
答案：C. should not stop people from looking for a job.
解析：本题重点考察作者观点。

题干问在作者看来，高失业率怎么样？锁定原文第一段，虽然第一段中的bad for the economy，discouraging，change careers等字眼跟选项ABD当中的词汇很类似，但是要注意的是，真正表达作者观点的是第一段最后一句But it actually shouldn‟t matter to you nearly as much as you think。

其实高失业率跟你没太大关系。

包括原文最后一段第一句“So don‟t let the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以，综上所述，它不该给你找工作带来阻碍，引申意思就是该怎么办就怎么办，不要在意官方统计的高失业率。

58. Where do most job openings come from?
答案：B. Job turnover
解析：本题属于细节考查题。

题干问大部分的职位空缺来自于哪里？根据四个选项，可以用排除法将business expansion排除，因为原文并未提及。

再剩下的三个选项中，根据原文第二段的第一句job growth numbers don‟t matter to job hunters as much asjob turnover data以及turnovercreates more openings than economic growth does.可以确定人员更替（turnover）提供了更多的职位空缺，因此答案为Job turnover。

59. What does the author say about overall job growth?
答案：A. It doesn‟t have much effect on individual job seekers.
解析：本题继续考察作者观点。

题干问作者对于整体就业增长（overall job growth）的态度是怎样的，可以定位到原文倒数第三段，关键是第一句：I don‟t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn‟t have an impact on one‟s ability to land a job. 此处用到双重否定，“我并不是说整体就业增长对一个人找工作没有丝毫影响”，也就是说“有一定影响，但是没有那么大”所以答案是A，而BCD选项的confidence，hope，job security原文并未提及。

60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
答案：C. Persistence
解析：本题属于细节考查题。

定位原文倒数第二段第一句But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don‟t is their ability to stay motivated. 关键词是stay motivated
61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?
答案：D. They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.
解析：本题属于细节考查题。

根据倒数第二段的最后一句The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn‟t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.可知答案选D，那一部分人已经被排除掉了，所以失业率这个数据是有水分的。

Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors —or doesn‟t it?
While such vigilant（警觉的）tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it‟s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing. In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients‟ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.。