初中英语 定语从句详解

定语从句
一。

定语从句：指在句中修饰限制名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

定语从句一般位于先行词的后面。

定语从句由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that或关系副词when,where,why等引导。

关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中担任一个成分。

当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数
二。

定语从句基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句
三。

关系代词引导的定语从句。

1.who引导的定语从句
指人，作主语：She is the girl who lives next door.
That is the teacher who is teaching us English now.
2.whom引导的定语从句
指人，作宾语，可省略：That is the girl whom I teach.
The teacher whom you wish to see has come.
3 whose引导的定语从句
○1指人，作定语：The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
○2指物，作定语：The classroom whose window is open is mine.
4which引导的定语从句
○1指物，作主语：This is a book which tells about English grammar.
○2指物，作宾语，可省略：She got a computer which her parents bought for her.
5that引导的定语从句
○1指人，作主语：She is one of the students that works very hard.
○2指人，作宾语，可省略：The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
○3指物，作主语：People will do something that makes you angry.
○4指物，作宾语，可省略：They can choose something that they like.
四。

关系副词引导的定语从句
1 when引导的定语从句。

表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词：
I still remember the day when I first go to Beijing.
2 where引导的定语从句。

表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。

This is the house where we lived last year.
3 why引导的定语从句。

表示原因，常用在先行词reason的后面
Do you know the reason why she is late?
4 how 引导的定语从句
表示方法，常用在先行词way的后面
That is the way how I learn English.
特殊情况（一）
下列只用that引导
1 当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
2 当先行词前面有the only ,the last,the first等修饰时（当先行词是人时也可用who ,whom引导）
He is the only person that/who can help you out.
3当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
This is the best book (that )I have erer read.
4 当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。

I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
特殊情况（二）
1当先行词that 在从句中作介词的宾语时，不能省略而且介词不能放在that前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The woman that she talks with is her teacher.
2关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词宾语时，不能省略。

介词可以放在which,whom之前，也可以放在有关动词的后面，以使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

I will never forget the day on which I joined the club.。