【精准解析】江苏省泰州中学2020届高三第五次模拟考试英语试题

江苏省泰州中学高三第五次模拟试卷
英语试题
第I卷（选择题共85分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman imply?
A. They should end the meeting now.
B. The issue should be dealt with now.
C. They can leave the issue until next week.
2. Where will the speakers go? A. Swimming pool. B. A glasses shop. C. A suit shop.
3. What might the man do about the restaurant? A. Write a good review. B. Come back tomorrow. C. Try another place next time.
4. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to take up as a hobby. B. How to keep fit. C. How to handle pressure.
5. When is the birthday of the woman's daughter? A. In March. B. In April. C. In May. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

6. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a train station.
B. At Alice’s wedding.
C. At Uncle Jo hn's house.
7. What was the woman like when she was little according to the man?
A. Naughty.
B. Smart.
C. Quiet.
听下面一段对话,回答第8和第9两个小题。

8. What's the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Boss and secretary.
B. Good friends.
C. Husband and wife.
9. How was Ms. Newton's work recently?
A. She did quite well.
B. She fell behind a lot.
C. She got everything in order.
听下面一段对话,回答第10至第12三个小题。

10. Who is the woman probably?
A. A policewoman.
B. A nurse.
C. A telephone customer service staff.
11. What does the woman say about her job?
A Dangerous. B. Interesting. C. Boring.
12. What impressed the woman most?
A. Wanting the police and an ambulance.
B. Asking for time.
C. Finding out how to get a phone fixed.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。

13. Where is the woman going?
A. To a classroom.
B. To the library.
C. To the playground.
14. What is the woman preparing for in her history class?
A. A presentation.
B. A discussion.
C. A paper.
15. What does the woman say about the topic?
A. She hasn't started thinking about it.
B. The group members have different opinions.
C. It isn't specific enough yet.
16. How does the woman feel at the moment?
A. Upset.
B. Excited.
C. Confident.
17. How does the speaker feel about the models* clothes?
A. They're too simple.
B. They're not very expensive.
C. They're not very comfortable.
18. In what way does the fashion industry make money?
A. By selling products at high prices.
B. By helping you get rid of your shortcomings.
C. By creating a need for you.
19. What's the reason for mentioning lipsticks?
A. To give advice to girls.
B. To show the secret of the fashion.
C. To show that fashions are impossible to explain,
20. What does the speaker say about fashion in the end?
A. It can create more job opportunities for people.
B. It can help people succeed.
C. It's only a waste of time and money.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1.This information allowed our soldiers to prepare mentally and ______ the actions they would be required to take.
A. imitate
B. appreciate
C. anticipate
D. equate 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这个信息使我们的士兵做好心理准备，并预测他们可能采取的行动。

A. imitate模仿；B. appreciate感激；C. anticipate预料、预期；D. equate 使相等。

根据“prepare mentally”可知此处指“做好心理准备并预测可能采取的行动”，故C项正确。

2.I truly believe that success should be defined ______ health and happiness.
A. in view of
B. in terms of
C. in line with
D. in
sympathy with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。

句意：我坚信成功应该用健康和幸福来定义。

A. in view of鉴于；B. in terms of……方面、从……角度；C. in line with符合；D. in sympathy with 赞成。

根据“health and happiness”可知此处表示“从……角度”，故B项正确。

3.The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 192
4. It had a ______ participation of only 293 athletes from 16 countries.
A. narrow
B. shallow
C. modest
D. slight 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词的词义辨析。

句意：第一届冬季奥运会于1924年举行。

只有来自16个国家的293名运动员参加。

A. narrow狭窄的，精密的；B. shallow浅的；C. modest些许的；不太大（或太贵、太重要等）的；D. slight轻微的。

根据句中“only 293 athletes from 16 countries.”只有来自16个国家的293名运动员，可知，参加比赛的人数少，modest可指（些许的；不太大（或太贵、太重要等）的。

故选C项。

【点睛】本题考查形容词的词义辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个形容词的意义及用法。

在本类型题的解题过程中需要明确句子的大概意思，才能明确的判断出用来形容某人或者某事物的词语。

当然明确辨析出各个形容词的含义也是很重要的，可以通过正反意词结合起来的记忆，也可以通过前缀、后缀来进行辨析。

4.Although I've called Edinburgh my home for the last nine years, I still feel a strong emotional ______ to the place where I spent my childhood.
A. attachment
B. admission
C. discrimination
D. approach 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：虽然在过去的九年里我一直把爱丁堡称为我的家，但我对这个我度过童年的地方仍然有一种强烈的情感依恋。

A. attachment依恋；B. admission 承认，入场费；C. discrimination歧视，区别；D. approach方法，接近。

Although尽管，表转折，同时根据句意可知，尽管过去九年我把爱丁堡当家，但对童年生活的地方的感情应该为仍然有依恋。

故选A项。

【点睛】本题考查名词的词义辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个名词的意义及用法。

在本类型题的解题过程中需要明确句子的大概意思，才能明确的判断出所要运用的词语，当然明确辨析出各个名词的含义也是很重要的。

5.Mastering the art of presentation goes hand in hand with carefully packaging the content of what you want to ______.
A. polish up
B. take in
C. make out
D. get across
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。

句意：掌握演讲的艺术与精心包装你想要表达的内容是密不可分的。

A. polish up 擦亮；改善；B. take in吸收，欺骗；C. make out 辨认清楚； D. get across 使明白，把……讲清楚。

根据句意，此处表示的是把你想表达的内容表达清楚。

所以选项D 符合题意。

故选D。

6.Those charged ______ mend their ways within given periods, and those failing to do so will be shut down.
A. shall
B. may
C. can
D. could
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。

句意：那些被指控的厂家必须在所给期限内做出整改，而没有这样做的将会被关停。

分析句子可知，这里的mend their ways明显指的是依据相关规章、法令要做的动作，这种情况要用情态动词shall。

故选A项。

【点睛】情态动词shall用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示条约、规定、法令等文件中的义务或规定，在该小题中是适用的。

7.______ the content of this letter can be confidential; security is an issue that you must address.
A. Although
B. Since
C. Unless
D. After
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查从属连词辨析。

句意：因为这封信的内容是保密的，安全性是您必须解决的问题。

A. Although尽管；B. Since因为；C. Unless除非；D. After在……之后。

分析句子
可知，前后句为从属关系，前句是后句的原因，因为信得内容是保密的，所以必须保证安全性，故用引导原因状语从句的从属连词。

故选B项。

【点睛】从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类：并列连词（coordinating conjunctions）和从属连词（subordinating conjunctions）。

并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。

从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。

从属连词是连词的一种，从属连词这种连词是用以引导名词性从句和状语从句的。

连词通常引导一个从句，修饰主句。

由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句，而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。

从属连词大致可分为两大类：
1、名词性从句里的从属连词：that （无词义，不做成分），if、whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）；
2、状语从句里的从属连词：before、after、since、if、because、though等。

8.Mr. Smith gave her one of the pills that he ______ for stomachache or something like that.
A. will have taken
B. had been taken
C. has taken
D. had been taking
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。

句意：Smith先生给了她一片他一直服用的治胃病之类的药。

分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，根据从句句意得知，这个药是Smith先生之前就在服用，而且这个药也会一直持续服用下去，所以动词时态应该是现在完成进行时。

又因为定语从句前面的主句部分是用的一般过去时，也就是说在Smith先生给她药之前，他就在服用这个治胃病的药，所以综上所述，动词应该用过去完成进行时，故选D项。

9.I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are ______ the sport is.
A. that
B. where
C. how
D. what . 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考察名词性从句。

句意：我总是倒着看报纸，因为报纸的后页是关于运动的。

分析句子可知，表语从句“______ the sport is”中缺少地点状语，故选B。

10.She's always suggesting ways ______ I can improve my cooking. I know she means well but this really annoys me.
A. that
B. which
C. how
D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意：她总是建议我改进厨艺的方法。

我知道她是好意，但这真的让我很恼火。

句中先行词为ways，在定语从句中作方式状语，则关系词选用以下三种其中任意一种：in which, that或省略不用关系词。

故选A。

11.______ as a platform, the Belt and Road Initiative strengthens the ties between China and the rest of the world, as well as between various regions with China. A. To serve B. Having served C. Served D. Serving 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：作为一个平台，“一带一路”倡议增强了中国和世界其他国家的联系，也增强了不同区域和中国之间的联系。

分析句子结构可知，动词serve在句中作状语，和主语“the Belt and Road Initiative”之间是主动关系，需用现在分词Serving。

故选D。

12.But for his determination to stick it out, he ______ it as a top-ranked player in tennis.
A. shouldn't have made
B. could make
C. wouldn't have made
D. wouldn't make
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。

句意：要不是他坚持到底的决心，他就不会成为一流的网球选手。

but for表示“要不是、倘若没有”，需要用虚拟语气，属于隐含虚拟条件句，根据“his determination to stick it out”可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语用would(not)+have done，故C项正确。

13.______ the opening ceremony of the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai was President Xi, where he announced new measures to further expand opening-up,
A. Attending
B. Attended
C. To attend
D. Having attended
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查完全倒装和表语提前。

句意：参加首次中国国际进口博览会开幕仪式的是习主席，他在此宣布将会采取新的措施扩大对外开放。

动词的现在分词一般式和过去分词适用于表语提前，主语President Xi和attend（出席）构成主动关系，所以用现在分词一般式的主动，表示“正在参加”，故选A。

14.—I just feel ______! How could I have made such a stupid mistake in yesterday's competition?
—Hi, come on― cheer up! It's not that bad.
A. off the top of my head
B. down in the dumps
C. hot under the collar
D. on cloud nine
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际及习惯表达。

句意：我实在心情太失落了。

我怎么能在昨天的竞赛中犯如此愚蠢的错误呢？嗨，加油，振作起来！没有那么差。

A. off the top of my head 不假思索；B. down in the dumps 情绪低落；C. hot under the collar 怒气冲冲；D. on cloud nine 九霄云上。

由后文“Hi, come on― cheer up! It's not that bad.” 表达的是“嗨，加油，振作起来！没有那么差。

”，这是一种对对方的鼓励和安慰。

由此可见，我此时的心情是失落的，选项B. down in the dumps 情绪低落，符合语境。

故选B。

15.—I will hang out with friends this afternoon. May I do the homework tomorrow? —______ You have to finish it today.
A. What of it?
B. You don't say
C. What's up
D. Not on your life!
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查情景交际。

句意：——今天下午我要和朋友们出去玩。

我可以明天做作业吗? ——绝对不行，你必须今天完成它。

A. what of it?是什么事情？B. You don’t say你还别说。

C.What’s up? 到底怎么了？D.Not on your life.绝对不可以。

第一个人说：要出去
逛街，提出明天做家庭作业的要求。

根据You have to finish it today.可知家长显然是不同意的。

“绝对不可以”符合语境，故选D。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Since the age of three, Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. "The only thing that I loved was dance," she told CBS News. That ambition nearly ___16___ in 2010. Hill, then a 17-year-old student in a small town, was in an accident that left her paralyzed from the ___17___ down. For most people, that would have ___18___ any hope of a dancing career. For Hill, it was the beginning. ___19___ being an obstacle, her wheelchair empowered her. "I wanted to ___20___ to my myself I was still 'normal'."
Hill danced in her wheelchair alongside her school dance team. "Half of my body was ___21___ from me," Hill told Today. "and it definitely took a lot of learning and ___22___ After graduation, Hill wanted to ___23___ her dance network to include women who had ___24___ various spinal cord injuries but shared her ____25____. "It was such an amazing experience?”
Hoping to reach more people in a ____26____ city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed the Rollettes. "I want to ____27____ the stereotype （模式化观念）of wheelchair users.", Dancing on wheels can be just as artful as the foot-based ____28____ . In dance competitions, they rocked their bodies to ____29____, and struck poses in dynamic routines. They're having fun, and as the audiences' reactions
____30____ , the fun is infectious. Hill has ____31____ what many of us never will: her childhood dream. ____32____ the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as ____33____. Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair users to help them find their ____34____ strength they've never seen before. In 2019, 173 participants who used to be restricted lonely attended her camp. For many, it was the first time they'd felt they ____35____.
16. A. initiated B. ended C. withdrew D. postponed
17. A. head B. knee C. waist D. ankle
18. A. dashed B. quit C. lost D.
abandoned
19. A. Regardless of B. Far from C. Out of D. Apart
from
20. A. justify B. convince C. confirm D. prove
21. A. taken away B. cleared away C. worn away D. turned away
22. A. patience B. competence C. intelligence D. independence
23. A. accumulate B. attract C. boycott D. expand
24. A. multiplied B. submitted C. suffered D.
possessed
25. A. virtue B. determination C. dimension D. identity
26. A. riper B. remoter C. larger D. busier
27. A. break off B. break up C. break in D. break
down
28. A. practice B. variety C. performance D. access
29. A. music B. beats C. instructions D.
directions
30. A. indicate B. express C. illustrate D. conclude
31. A. comprehended B. compensated C. adored D. attained
32. A. But B. Instead C. So D. Still
33. A. superior B. premier C. normal D.
meaningful
34. A. main B. inner C. unique D. physical
35. A. scared B. matured C. belonged D.
sustained
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. D 24.
C 25. B 26. C 27.
D 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. D
34. B 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了主人公Hill，在半身残疾后，依然实现了舞蹈梦想，并成功帮助了很多跟她一样的人的故事。

【16题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：这个雄心壮志在2010年几乎终止。

A. initiated启动；B. ended结束；C. withdrew取消；D. postponed延迟。

后文讲述主人公发生了一次严重的事故，可知当时梦想几乎断送，故选B。

【17题详解】
考查名词辨析。

句意：Hill当时是一个小镇上的17岁学生，一场事故让她腰部以下都瘫痪了。

A. head头；
B. knee膝盖；
C. waist腰；
D. ankle脚踝。

根据后文讲Hill的身体的一半远离了她可知，是腰部以下瘫痪了，故选C。

【18题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：对大部分人来说，这会让舞蹈生涯的任何希望都化为泡影。

A. dashed 猛掷；B. quit 停止；C. lost失去；D. abandoned抛弃。

that指半身瘫痪，可知是使希望化为泡影，用固定搭配dash one’s hope (使某人的希望化为泡影)，故选A。

【19题详解】
考查短语辨析。

句意：轮椅并不是一个障碍，反而给了她力量。

A. Regardless of不管不顾；
B. Far from远非，绝不是；
C. Out of出于；
D. Apart from除了。

现在分词being的逻辑主语是obstacle,因为轮椅给了她力量，所以不是障碍，故选B。

【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：我想要向自己证明我仍然“正常”。

A. justify证明…是正确的；B. convince使相信；C. confirm证实；D. prove证明。

Hill努力继续舞蹈生涯是为了向别人展示自己依然正常，这是一种证明，故选D。

【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：我的半个身体被带离了我。

A. taken away带走； B. cleared away 清除；C. worn away磨损；D. turned away转过身去。

那次事故让Hill腰部以下瘫痪，所以是她的半个身体被带走了，故选A。

【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。

句意：它确实需要很多的学习和耐心。

A. patience耐心；B. competence 本领；C. intelligence才智；D. independence独立。

it是指半身瘫痪，瘫痪之后要学习新的
生活方式，这很需要耐心，故选A。

【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：毕业后，Hill想要扩张她的舞蹈网络。

A. accumulate积累；B. attract 吸引；C. boycott抵制；D. expand扩张。

根据“to include”可知，是要包括更多的内容，所以是扩张，故选D。

【24题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：毕业后，Hill想要扩张她的舞蹈网络，包括遭受各种各样脊髓损伤的女人。

A. multiplied成倍增加；B. submitted递交；C. suffered遭受；D. possessed拥有。

Hill 想要让这些人加入进来，说明这些人与她境遇相同，who代指women，在定语从句中充当主语，与脊髓损伤的关系是遭受，故选C。

【25题详解】
考查名词辨析。

句意：毕业后，Hill想要扩张她的舞蹈网络，包括遭受各种各样脊髓损伤，但跟她有同样决心的女人。

A. virtue美德；B. determination坚强，决心；C. dimension 方面；D. identity身份。

Hill 想要让这些人加入进来，说明这些人与她同样身患脊髓损伤，但很坚强有决心，故选B。

【26题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

句意：希望能在更大的城市里接触更多的人，Hill在2014年搬到了洛杉矶，并组建了Rollettes。

A. riper更成熟的；B. remoter更遥远的；C. larger更大的；D. busier 更忙的。

从小镇搬到洛杉矶，所以是更大的城市，故选C。

【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：我想要打破轮椅使用者的固有观念。

A. break off 折断；B. break up分手；C. break in闯入；D. break down破除。

宾语是“模式化观念”，Hill做的事情是反其道而行的，故选D。

【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。

句意：在轮椅上跳舞可以像用脚跳舞一样有艺术感。

A. practice惯例； B. variety种类；C. performance表演；D. access通道。

在轮椅上跳舞和用脚跳舞是两个不同的种类，故选B。

【29题详解】
考查名词辨析。

句意：在舞蹈比赛中，她们随着节拍晃动身体…A. music音乐；B. beats 节拍；C. instructions说明书；D. directions方向。

跳舞时要随着节拍，故选B。

【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：她们很快乐，随着观众们的反应显示出来，这种快乐就有了感染力。

A. indicate显示；B. express表达；C. illustrate演示；D. conclude总结。

在观看表演时，观众的反应要有从无到有的过程，当观众开始给出反应时，表演者的情绪会更有感染力，故选A。

【31题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：Hill已经得到了我们许多人都没有得到的东西：她童年的梦想。

A. comprehended理解，领悟；B. compensated补偿；C. adored热爱；D. attained获得。

Hill 成为了一名舞者，即使是在轮椅上，所以她得到了童年的梦想，what是指her childhood dream，故选D。

【32题详解】
考查连词辨析。

句意：但是，Rollettes 帮助她发现了别的同样有意义的东西。

A. But但是；
B. Instead而不是；
C. So所以；
D. Still仍然。

前文说Hill实现了梦想，该句讲Rollettes 让她发现了别的东西，前后为转折关系，故选A。

【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

句意：但是，Rollettes 帮助她发现了别的同样有意义的东西。

A. superior 卓越的；B. premier首要的；C. normal正常的；D. meaningful有意义的。

根据just as可知，是和实现梦想同样有意义的事情，故选D。

【34题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

句意：每年她都会为轮椅使用者举办舞蹈野营，帮助她们发现她们之前从未看到的内在力量。

A. main主要的；B. inner内在的；C. unique独特的；D. physical身体的。

根据前文讲这需要很多的学习和耐心可知，残疾人在追逐梦想的时候需要内在力量，故选B。

35题详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：对于她们来说，这是第一次感觉到归属感。

A. scared吓到；B. matured 成熟；C. belonged 有归属感；D. sustained持久。

根据“restricted lonely”可知这些参与者在此之前很孤独，参加野营后，第一次感到了归属感，故选C。

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Beneath the joy of music lies the often mysterious field of music theory. But what if you could learn to understand the often intimidating （使人望而生畏的）language of key signatures, pitch （音高），mode （音乐的调式）,melody and more? What if you could recognize these components at work while listening to your favorite music? What if you could "speak" the language of music?
In Understanding the Fundamentals of Music, award winning composer and professor Greenberg offers you a spirited introduction to this magnificent language, avoiding what for many of us has long been the principal roadblock: the need to read music. With these 16 fascinating lectures, discover what parts of musical speech sound like, rather than what they look like on paper. You'll quickly find yourself listening to music with new levels of understanding and appreciation whether at a concert, at home or in your car.
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For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world' S foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exams. No homework. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free apps for iPad, iPhone, Android, Kindle Fire, or Roku.
36. Anyone ordering a CD of Understanding the Fundamentals of Music will .
A. obtain a paper version for free
B. be offered the highest discount
C. be required to pay for transportation costs
D. get other musicians instruction besides Robert Greenberg's .
37. What's special about The Great Courses?
A. Its academic tests are optional.
B. It focuses on readers' speaking skills.
C. It is recommended by many a musician.
D. It is readily accessible to its subscribers.
【答案】36. C 37. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。

文章介绍了怎样更好更深层次的理解音乐的讲座。

【36题详解】
细节理解题。

由文章倒数第二段“+ $10 Shipping & Processing”这里表示要加十美元的运输费用，所以预定了CD就需要支付运输费用。

故选C项。

【37题详解】
细节理解题。

由文章最后一段“For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world' S foremost educators to millions”25年来，The Great Courses处于教育者的领先行业，有数百万的人订阅，后文有提到没有家庭作业，没有考试，下载起来很方便，所以对于订阅者来说很容易得到。

故选D项。

【点睛】文章总体难度不大，考到的都是细节理解题，可以根据关键句来判断，比如第一题需要找到和金钱相关的信息来引到花费cost，shipping和transportation 是近义词。

B
"We must learn not to take traditional morals （道德）too seriously." So said the biologist J. B. S. Haldane in a 1923 talk on science and the future. Haldane forecasted that scientific progress would destroy every belief and value. The future would be bright only "if mankind can adjust its morality to its powers". Haldane had a point: our powers have led to challenges that have never existed before. Climate change is a threat unlike any we have ever seen. Our machines might become smarter than us. Genetic engineering（基因工程）could change humanity forever.
In the face of such challenges, our evolved moral sense often proves not enough.
Part of the problem is scale （规模）.The anthropologist Robin Dunbar says we can keep no more than about 150 meaningful relationships at once. But today, all 7 billion of us are connected—if not in meaningful relationships, not in meaningless ones, either. “Society" is now too big a concept for our brains to analyze.
One result is conflicting demands that are hard to solve. The bad situation of our fellow humans makes us use every possible way to deal with climate change. But that could hurt our own way of life. And then there's the urge to just forget all that pressure and get on a plane to somewhere sunny. Given this cognitive（认知的）overload, our original emotional responses tend to win out. We do what feels right. But such responses don't necessarily produce the best results. So how can we make sure we do what really is right?
It's a hard nut, but never fear: moral philosophers are on the case. Some, such as those based at the Centre for Effective Altruism in Oxford, UK, aim to maximize the good we can do by quantifying the results of our actions. Many of their suggestions have raised eyebrows: that it may be better to become a generous banker than work for a charity, for example.
Others suggest modifying our moral brains directly, through drugs. The difficulties with this idea are obvious: who decides what makes improvement? Given the practical difficulties of large-scale morality hacking （入侵），we should perhaps stick to education. We are not simply prisoners of our emotions: we can reason our way to workable solutions. Science alone will not get us there. So no, we shouldn't take traditional morality too seriously where it fails to address modem problems.
38. J. B. S. Haldane forecasted that scientific development would ______.
A. lead to the corruption of public morals
B. present a challenge to traditional morals
C. bring disasters and fears to human beings
D. affect human beings powers of adjustment
39. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ______.
A. collective wisdom is a good solution to modem challenges
B. Robin Dunbar thinks it is hard to build up meaningful relationships
C. our evolved moral sense is too limited to solve the problems of modem society
D. the large scale of social connections makes our relationships less meaningful
40. What is implied in the last paragraph?
A. Most people put the blame for modem problems on science.
B. Science can help with the modification of our moral brains.
C. The combination of reason and humanity can make more effective morality.
D. Human beings have a long way to go before they can overcome modem problems." 【答案】38. B 39. C 40. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章通过引用生物学家J. B. S. Haldane的预测，讲述了科学进步会给传统道德标准带来挑战，最终提出：理性与人性的结合可以创造更有效的道德。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据题干关键词J. B. S. Haldane forecasted可以定位到文章第一段。

结合第一段第二句Haldane forecasted that scientific progress would destroy every belief and value. Haldane预测科学的进步会摧毁所有的信仰和价值。

第四句Haldane had a point: our powers have led to challenges that have never existed before. 霍尔丹有一个观点: 我们的力量带来了前所未有的挑战。

据此可以得出，霍尔丹预言科学的发展将对传统道德提出挑战。

故选B项。

【39题详解】
推理判断题。

根据题干关键词，结合文章第二段第一句In the face of such challenges, our evolved moral sense often proves not enough. “Society" is now too big a concept for our brains to analyze.面对这样的挑战，我们进化出来的道德感往往证明是不够的。

“社会”现在是一个太大的概念，我们的大脑无法分析。

由此判断出，我们进化出来的道德观念太过局限，无法解决现代社会的问题。

故选C项。

【40题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段We are not simply prisoners of our emotions: we can reason our way to workable solutions. 我们不仅仅是情感的囚徒，我们可以通过理性的方法找到可行的解决方案。

由此判断出理性与人性的结合可以创造更有效的道德。

故选C项。

C
Somewhere in the highlands of Afghanistan, a hungry fox pounces （猛扑）on a
tasty-looking leopard gecko （豹纹壁虎）.But the lizard has a get — out — of —jail — free card: a separable tail. The dropped part waves in an energetic but uncontrolled way around long enough to distract the fox, allowing the gecko itself to run off and hide.
Leopard geckos are one of a few lizard species that possess this ability, known as autotomy（自切）.The technique is effective, but the tail can account for about a quarter of the lizard's body mass. So how do these animals adapt to losing so much of it that quickly?
When geckos lose their tail, they "take this more sprawled posture （四肢伸开的姿势）"and walk with their limbs spread out farther from their body, says Chapman University biologist Kevin Jagnandan. Most researchers initially assumed this posture was a response to a suddenly shifted center of mass. But when Jagnandan observed leopard geckos with a tail in his laboratory, he realized that they wag it as they walk, suggesting that these movements may be key to the lizards' movements.
To test this assumption, Jagnandan and his team assessed the postures of 10 geckos walking in various conditions: with their tail intact （完整的）；with their tail restricted by a small section of glued-on fishing rod （whose mass can be neglected）; and with their tail self-amputated. These comparisons allowed the researchers to distinguish the effects of lost mass from those of lost tail-wagging on the geckos’ movements.
The lizards with an immobilized tail adopted ways similar to those with no tail, the researchers reported in a study published in Scientific Reports. This result suggests the sprawling walk they adopt after losing their tail is not compensating for the missing mass but rather for the lack of tail-wagging. Jagnandan thinks tail movements help the lizards keep balance and stability as they walk. He suspects that the tails of mammals living in trees, such as cats and monkeys, serve a similar purpose.
Bill Ryerson, a biologist at Saint Anselm College, who was not involved in the study, was surprised by the findings. "We thought we had settled it ——it seemed pretty open-and-shut" that mass was the main factor, he says. The new study challenges this earlier idea in a "beautifully simple" way, Ryerson adds.。