长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响

长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源
利用的影响
一、本文概述
Overview of this article
红壤是我国南方地区广泛分布的一种土壤类型，其特殊的理化性质使得红壤地区的农业生产面临诸多挑战。

为了提高红壤的肥力和农业生产效益，长期施肥成为了重要的农业管理措施。

然而，长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮及微生物碳源利用的影响尚不清楚，这制约了施肥策略的科学性和可持续性。

因此，本文旨在深入探讨长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响及其机制，揭示不同施肥处理下红壤微生物对碳源的利用特征，为红壤地区的农业生产和土壤管理提供理论依据和实践指导。

Red soil is a widely distributed soil type in southern China, and its unique physical and chemical properties pose many challenges to agricultural production in red soil areas. In order to improve the fertility and agricultural production efficiency of red soil, long-term fertilization has become an important agricultural management measure. However, the impact
of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil, is still unclear, which limits the scientific and sustainable nature of fertilization strategies. Therefore, this article aims to explore in depth the effects and mechanisms of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil, reveal the utilization characteristics of carbon sources by red soil microorganisms under different fertilization treatments, and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for agricultural production and soil management in red soil areas.
本文将首先介绍红壤的基本特征和长期施肥的重要性，阐述研究背景和研究意义。

随后，通过综述国内外相关文献，梳理长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响及其机制，明确施肥种类、施肥量及施肥时间等因素对红壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响规律。

接着，通过田间试验和实验室分析，探讨不同施肥处理下红壤微生物对碳源的利用特征，揭示施肥对红壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响。

综合分析研究结果，提出针对性的施肥建议和管理措施，以促进红壤地区的农业可持续发展。

This article will first introduce the basic characteristics of red soil and the importance of long-term fertilization, and explain the research background and significance. Subsequently, by reviewing relevant literature both domestically and internationally, the effects and mechanisms of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil were sorted out, and the impact of factors such as fertilization type, amount, and time on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil was clarified. Subsequently, through field experiments and laboratory analysis, the utilization characteristics of carbon sources by red soil microorganisms under different fertilization treatments were explored, revealing the impact of
fertilization on the structure and function of red soil microbial communities. Based on comprehensive analysis of research results, targeted fertilization suggestions and management measures are proposed to promote sustainable agricultural development in red soil areas.
本文的研究不仅有助于深入理解长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量
碳氮的影响及其机制，还有助于优化施肥策略，提高红壤的肥力和农业生产效益。

本文的研究结果对于推动红壤地区农业生产的绿色发展和土壤生态系统的健康维护具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

This study not only helps to gain a deeper understanding of the effects and mechanisms of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil, but also helps to optimize fertilization strategies, improve soil fertility and agricultural production efficiency. The research results of this article have important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the green development of agricultural production and the healthy maintenance of soil ecosystems in red soil areas.
二、材料与方法
Materials and Methods
本研究选择在中国南方典型的红壤地区进行，土壤类型主要为酸性红壤。

试验所用的肥料包括氮肥（尿素）、磷肥（过磷酸钙）和钾肥（硫酸钾）。

同时，为了研究微生物生物量碳氮的变化，采集了土壤样品，并进行了微生物生物量碳氮的测定。

This study was conducted in a typical red soil area in southern China, where the soil type is mainly acidic red soil. The fertilizers used in the experiment include nitrogen fertilizer (urea), phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate), and potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate). At the same time, in order to study the changes in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil samples were collected and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were measured.
试验采用随机区组设计，设置不同施肥处理组，包括不施肥（CK）、单施氮肥（N）、单施磷肥（P）、单施钾肥（K）、氮磷钾配施（NPK）等处理。

每个处理设3个重复，共15个小区。

小区面积为20m²，小区间设置1m宽的保护行。

试验期间，每年按照当地推荐施肥量进行施肥，连续施肥5年。

The experiment adopted a randomized block design and set up different fertilization treatment groups, including no fertilization (CK), single nitrogen fertilizer (N), single phosphorus fertilizer (P), single potassium fertilizer (K), and nitrogen phosphorus potassium combined application (NPK). Each processing has 3 replicates, totaling 15 communities. The
residential area is 20m ²， Set up 1m wide protective rows between communities. During the experiment, fertilization was carried out annually according to the local recommended fertilization amount, and continued for 5 years.
在每个小区内随机选取5个点，用土钻采集0-20cm的土壤样品，混合均匀后取一部分进行微生物生物量碳氮的测定。

同时，为了研究微生物碳源利用情况，采用BIOLOG EC微平板技术，对土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行分析。

Randomly select 5 points within each community, collect 0-20cm soil samples with a soil drill, mix well, and then take a portion for microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen measurement. Meanwhile, in order to study the utilization of microbial carbon sources, BIOLOG EC microplate technology was used to analyze the functional diversity of soil microbial communities.
微生物生物量碳（MBC）和微生物生物量氮（MBN）采用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法进行测定。

BIOLOG EC微平板的接种、培养和读数按照标准方法进行。

通过计算平均颜色变化率（AWCD）和生物多样性指数（如Shannon指数、Simpson指数等），分析微生物群落功能多样性。

Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were measured using chloroform fumigation K2SO4 extraction method. Inoculation, cultivation, and reading of BIOLOG EC microplates were carried out according to standard methods. Analyze the functional diversity of microbial communities by calculating the Average Color Change Rate (AWCD) and Biodiversity Index (such as Shannon Index, Simpson Index, etc.).
采用Excel软件进行数据处理和图表绘制，采用SPSS软件进行方差分析和相关性分析。

通过比较不同施肥处理下微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的差异，探讨长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响。

Excel software was used for data processing and chart drawing, and SPSS software was used for analysis of variance and correlation. By comparing the differences in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and microbial carbon source utilization under different fertilization treatments, this study explores the effects of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and microbial carbon
source utilization in red soil.
以上为本研究的材料与方法部分，通过科学合理的试验设计和测定方法，旨在揭示长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响规律，为红壤地区的农业可持续发展提供科学依据。

The above is the Materials and Methods section of this study. Through scientific and reasonable experimental design and measurement methods, the aim is to reveal the impact of
long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and microbial carbon source utilization in red soil, providing scientific basis for the sustainable development of agriculture in red soil areas.
三、结果与分析
Results and Analysis
在长期施肥的条件下，红壤微生物生物量碳氮的变化及微生物碳源利用的特性受到了显著影响。

本研究通过对比分析不同施肥处理下红壤微生物生物量碳氮的含量，以及微生物对不同碳源的利用情况，揭示了长期施肥对红壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响。

Under long-term fertilization conditions, the changes in
microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil and the characteristics of microbial carbon source utilization are significantly affected. This study compared and analyzed the carbon and nitrogen content of microbial biomass in red soil under different fertilization treatments, as well as the utilization of different carbon sources by microorganisms, revealing the impact of long-term fertilization on the structure and function of red soil microbial communities.
在生物量碳氮方面，研究发现长期施肥显著提高了红壤微生物生物量碳和氮的含量。

与不施肥处理相比，有机肥料和化肥处理均显著增加了微生物生物量碳和氮的含量。

其中，有机肥料处理的效果更为显著，这可能与有机肥料提供了丰富的碳源和氮源，促进了微生物的生长和繁殖有关。

研究还发现，随着施肥年限的延长，微生物生物量碳氮的含量呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，表明长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮的积累具有促进作用。

In terms of biomass carbon and nitrogen, research has found that long-term fertilization significantly increases the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil. Compared with the non fertilization treatment, both organic
fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Among them, the effect of organic fertilizer treatment is more significant, which may be related to the rich carbon and nitrogen sources provided by organic fertilizers, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The study also found that with the extension of fertilization years, the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen showed a gradually increasing trend, indicating that long-term fertilization has a promoting effect on the accumulation of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil.
在微生物碳源利用方面，研究发现长期施肥对红壤微生物的碳源利用特性产生了显著影响。

与不施肥处理相比，施肥处理显著提高了微生物对多种碳源的利用能力，包括单糖、多糖、有机酸等。

其中，有机肥料处理下微生物对碳源的利用能力更强，这可能与有机肥料提供了更多种类的碳源，促进了微生物的多样性和功能性有关。

研究还发现，随着施肥年限的延长，微生物对碳源的利用能力呈现出逐渐增强的趋势，表明长期施肥对红壤微生物碳源利用特性的改善具有促进作用。

In terms of microbial carbon source utilization, research has found that long-term fertilization has a significant impact on the carbon source utilization characteristics of red soil microorganisms. Compared with non fertilization treatment, fertilization treatment significantly improved the microbial utilization ability of various carbon sources, including monosaccharides, polysaccharides, organic acids, etc. Among them, under the treatment of organic fertilizers, microorganisms have a stronger ability to utilize carbon sources, which may be related to the fact that organic fertilizers provide more types of carbon sources, promoting microbial diversity and functionality. The study also found that with the extension of fertilization years, the microbial utilization ability of carbon sources shows a gradually increasing trend, indicating that long-term fertilization has a promoting effect on the improvement of microbial carbon source utilization characteristics in red soil.
长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响显著。

有机肥料和化肥处理均能提高红壤微生物生物量碳和氮的含量，
而有机肥料处理的效果更为显著。

长期施肥还能提高红壤微生物对多种碳源的利用能力，改善微生物的碳源利用特性。

这些结果为深入理解长期施肥对红壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响提供了重要依据，也为合理施肥、提高土壤肥力、促进农业可持续发展提供了理论支持。

Long term fertilization has a significant impact on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. Both organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments can increase the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil, while the effect of organic fertilizer treatment is more significant. Long term fertilization can also enhance the utilization ability of red soil microorganisms to various carbon sources and improve their carbon source utilization characteristics. These results provide important basis for a deeper understanding of the impact of long-term fertilization on the structure and function of red soil microbial communities, as well as theoretical support for rational fertilization, improving soil fertility, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
四、讨论
Discussion
本研究旨在探讨长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮及微生物碳
源利用的影响。

结果表明，长期施肥显著改变了红壤的微生物生物量碳氮含量，并对微生物碳源利用产生了影响。

这些结果对于理解红壤生态系统的碳氮循环和微生物生态学具有重要意义。

This study aims to explore the effects of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. The results showed that long-term fertilization significantly changed the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of red soil, and had an impact on the utilization of microbial carbon sources. These results are of great significance for understanding the carbon and nitrogen cycling and microbial ecology of red soil ecosystems.
长期施肥显著提高了红壤的微生物生物量碳氮含量。

这可能是因为施肥增加了土壤中的养分供应，促进了微生物的生长和繁殖。

不同施肥方式对微生物生物量碳氮的影响也有所不同。

化肥处理显著提高了微生物生物量碳氮含量，而有机肥处理则更加显著。

这可能是因为
有机肥中的有机物质更易于被微生物分解利用，从而促进了微生物的生长和繁殖。

Long term fertilization significantly increased the microbial biomass, carbon and nitrogen content of red soil. This may be because fertilization increases the nutrient supply in the soil, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The effects of different fertilization methods on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen also vary. Chemical fertilizer treatment significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, while organic fertilizer treatment was more significant. This may be because the organic matter in organic fertilizers is more easily decomposed and utilized by microorganisms, thereby promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
长期施肥对红壤微生物碳源利用也产生了影响。

结果表明，长期施肥改变了微生物对碳源的利用策略，促进了微生物对易利用碳源的利用。

这可能是因为施肥增加了土壤中易利用碳源的含量，使得微生物更加倾向于利用这些碳源。

不同施肥方式对微生物碳源利用的影响也有所不同。

化肥处理促进了微生物对易利用碳源的利用，而有机肥
处理则促进了微生物对难利用碳源的利用。

这可能是因为有机肥中的有机物质更加复杂，需要微生物分泌更多的酶来分解利用，从而促进了微生物对难利用碳源的利用。

Long term fertilization also has an impact on the utilization of microbial carbon sources in red soil. The results showed that long-term fertilization changed the microbial utilization strategy of carbon sources and promoted the utilization of easily available carbon sources by microorganisms. This may be because fertilization increases the content of easily available carbon sources in the soil, making microorganisms more inclined to utilize these carbon sources. The impact of different fertilization methods on microbial carbon source utilization also varies. Chemical fertilizer treatment promotes the utilization of easily available carbon sources by microorganisms, while organic fertilizer treatment promotes the utilization of difficult to utilize carbon sources by microorganisms. This may be because the organic matter in organic fertilizers is more complex, requiring microorganisms to secrete more enzymes to decompose
and utilize, thereby promoting the utilization of difficult to utilize carbon sources by microorganisms.
长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用产生了显
著影响。

这些结果有助于我们更深入地理解红壤生态系统的碳氮循环和微生物生态学。

然而，本研究仅从微观角度探讨了长期施肥对红壤微生物的影响，未来研究还需从生态系统层面综合考虑施肥对红壤生态系统的影响。

本研究仅探讨了长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响，未来研究还可进一步探讨施肥对红壤微生物群落结构、功能和多样性的影响。

针对不同施肥方式对红壤微生物的影响，未来研究可进一步优化施肥策略，以提高红壤生态系统的稳定性和可持续性。

Long term fertilization has a significant impact on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling and microbial ecology in red soil ecosystems. However, this study only explored the impact of long-term fertilization on red soil microorganisms from a microscopic perspective, and future research needs to comprehensively consider the impact of
fertilization on the red soil ecosystem from the ecosystem level. This study only investigated the effects of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. Future research can further explore the effects of fertilization on the structure, function, and diversity of microbial communities in red soil. Future research can further optimize fertilization strategies to improve the stability and sustainability of red soil ecosystems, in response to the impact of different fertilization methods on red soil microorganisms.
本研究为理解长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源
利用的影响提供了有益信息。

未来研究可在此基础上深入探讨施肥对红壤生态系统的综合影响，为红壤地区的农业生产和生态环境保护提供科学依据。

This study provides useful information for understanding the effects of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. Future research can further explore
the comprehensive impact of fertilization on the red soil ecosystem on this basis, providing scientific basis for agricultural production and ecological environment protection in red soil areas.
五、结论
Conclusion
本研究旨在探讨长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮及微生物碳
源利用的影响。

通过对比分析不同施肥处理下红壤微生物生物量碳氮的含量变化，以及微生物对不同碳源的利用情况，得出以下This study aims to explore the effects of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. By comparing and analyzing the changes in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in red soil under different fertilization treatments, as well as the utilization of different carbon sources by microorganisms, the following conclusions can be drawn:
长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮有显著影响。

与对照处理相比，
施肥处理显著提高了红壤微生物生物量碳氮的含量。

其中，有机无机肥配施处理表现出最优的效果，显著提高了微生物生物量碳氮的含量，这可能与有机肥提供了丰富的碳源和氮源，促进了微生物的生长和繁殖有关。

Long term fertilization has a significant impact on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil. Compared with the control treatment, fertilization treatment significantly increased the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil. Among them, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed the best effect, significantly increasing the carbon and nitrogen content of microbial biomass, which may be related to the rich carbon and nitrogen sources provided by organic fertilizers, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
长期施肥改变了红壤微生物对碳源的利用情况。

与对照处理相比，施肥处理显著提高了微生物对多种碳源的利用能力。

尤其是有机无机肥配施处理，微生物对多种碳源的利用能力均得到显著提高。

这表明长期施肥不仅提高了微生物的数量，还改善了微生物的生理活性，使其能够更好地适应和利用不同碳源。

Long term fertilization has changed the utilization of carbon sources by red soil microorganisms. Compared with the control treatment, fertilization treatment significantly improved the microbial utilization ability of multiple carbon sources. Especially with the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, the utilization ability of microorganisms towards multiple carbon sources has been significantly improved. This indicates that long-term fertilization not only increases the number of microorganisms, but also improves their physiological activity, enabling them to better adapt to and utilize different carbon sources.
长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用具有显著
影响。

有机无机肥配施处理在提高微生物生物量碳氮含量和微生物碳源利用能力方面表现出最优的效果。

因此，在红壤地区的农业生产中，建议采用有机无机肥配施的施肥方式，以改善土壤微生物生态环境，提高土壤肥力，促进农业的可持续发展。

Long term fertilization has a significant impact on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as microbial carbon source utilization in red soil. The combination of
organic and inorganic fertilizers showed the best effect in improving microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and microbial carbon source utilization capacity. Therefore, in agricultural production in red soil areas, it is recommended to adopt a fertilization method of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers to improve the soil microbial ecological environment, increase soil fertility, and promote sustainable development of agriculture.
七、致谢
Thanks
在完成本项研究的过程中，我首先要衷心感谢我的导师，正是他的悉心指导和无私帮助，使我能够顺利完成课题的研究工作。

他的严谨治学态度、深厚的专业知识、敏锐的洞察力以及忘我的工作精神，都深深地影响了我，让我受益终身。

In the process of completing this research, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor. It was his careful guidance and selfless help that enabled me to successfully complete the research work of the project. His
rigorous academic attitude, profound professional knowledge, keen insight, and selfless work spirit have deeply influenced me and benefited me for a lifetime.
同时，我要感谢实验室的各位同学，他们在实验过程中给予了我许多宝贵的建议和支持，与我一起度过了许多难忘的时光。

实验室的团结互助和良好氛围，为我的研究工作提供了有力的支持。

At the same time, I would like to thank all the classmates in the laboratory for providing me with valuable advice and support during the experiment, and spending many unforgettable moments with me. The unity, mutual assistance, and good atmosphere in the laboratory have provided strong support for my research work.
我还要感谢学校提供的实验设备和资金支持，使我能够顺利进行实验和研究工作。

同时，也要感谢参与本研究的红壤采集和实验分析的所有人员，他们的辛勤工作为本研究提供了重要的数据支持。

I would also like to thank the school for providing me with experimental equipment and financial support, which enabled me to carry out experiments and research work smoothly. At the same time, we would like to express our gratitude to all the
personnel involved in the collection and experimental analysis of red soil in this study, whose hard work has provided important data support for this study.
我要感谢我的家人和朋友，他们在我研究过程中给予了无微不至的关怀和支持，让我能够全身心地投入到研究工作中。

他们的鼓励和理解，是我不断前进的动力源泉。

I want to thank my family and friends for their meticulous care and support during my research process, which allowed me to fully devote myself to my research work. Their encouragement and understanding are the driving force behind my continuous progress.。