大学英语第三册练习1

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College English Book III
Practice Test 1
Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 10 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Doing business beyond our borders is now commonplace. Procter & Gamble is selling disposable diapers in Asia; Rubbermaid would like to see its plastic products in all European kitchens; and Unilever promotes its detergents around the world. As markets expand, national boundaries mean less and less. When the German manufacturer Daimler-Benz, makers of Mercedes luxury cars, merges with Chrysler, one executive commented: "There are no German and American companies. There are only successful and unsuccessful companies."
To be successful in this interdependent global village, North American companies are increasingly finding it necessary to adapt to other cultures. In China and Korea, Procter & Gamble learned to promote unisex white diapers. Although North Americans preferred pink for girls and blue for boys, Korean and Chinese housewives don't like the idea. In a society where intense sexism favors boys, shoppers preferred white diapers that did not signal their child's sex.
What's caused this rush toward globalization of markets and blurring of national identities? One significant factor is the passage of favorable trade agreements. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)promotes open trade globally, while North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) expands free trade among Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTA created the largest and richest free-trade region on earth. The opening of Eastern Europe and the economic growth in Russia have also fueled the progress toward expanding world markets.
1.According to the passage, more and more companies
A) are expanding their overseas markets
B) are selling goods to Eastern Asia
C) are doing business with European countries
D) are benefiting from NAFTA
2.It follows that as market expands,
A) there are fewer and fewer conflicts between countries
B) there is no boundary between different countries
C) there are more and more successful companies
D) there are more and more multinational corporations
3.P & G only sells white diaper in China and Korea
A) for people there don't like pink color
B) because people there think it unnecessary to use different colors
C) because it wants to cut down the costs
D) because it has to cater to the local people's demands
4.NAFTA covers
A) China and Korea
B) Canada and Germany
C) the U. S. and Mexico
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D) Britain and the U. S.
5.Which is not listed as a factor contributing to the growth of world markets?
A)The economic growth in Russia.
B)The passage of favorable trade agreements.
C)The differences in consuming habits that people have.
D)D) Eastern European countries' open-door policies.
Passage 2
Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough. But nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behaviors mainly include eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, and the use of time, space, and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and space have always been open to interpretation. When cultures differ, it becomes very difficult to understand nonverbal behaviors.
In western cultures, for example, people perceive silence as a negative trait(品质). It suggests rejection, unhappiness, depression, regret, embarrassment, or ignorance. However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese proverb says, "Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know." Silence is equated with wisdom.
Gestures can also create different reactions in different cultures and thus one must be careful in using and interpreting them. In some societies it is extremely bad pointing one's finger as in giving directions. Other hand gestures can also cause trouble. The "thumbs up" symbol may be used to indicate approval in many countries, but in Iran and Ghana it is a vulgar (粗俗的) gesture.
As businesspeople increasingly interact with their counterparts from other cultures, they will become more aware of these differences. Some behaviors are easy to warn against, such as touching people from the Middle East with the left hand. However, learning all of them is impossible, and such lists are merely the tip of the cultural iceberg.
6.Non-verbal behaviors don't include
A) posture B) facial expressions
C) making an address D) the use of space
7.Differences in _____________ will lead to differences in communications.
A) cultures B) languages
C) verbal skills D) habits
8.The Japanese agree that silence is associated with
A) good manner B) unhappiness
C) depression D) little knowledge
9.It can not be inferred from the passage that
A) different cultures have different interpretations of similar gestures
B) it is good for the businesspeople to know of the different meanings of similar gestures
C) western cultures are distinctively different from oriental cultures
D) nonverbal behaviors are more complicated than verbal behaviors
10.We may not find______________ in the cultural iceberg.
A) those verbal skills people may use
B) the cultural dos and don'ts
C) those nonverbal skills used by people
D) the good hygienic habits people have
Passage 3
Add Littleton, Colorado, to the list of cities dazed with grief after a school slaughter. Two
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students shot and killed 12 other students and a teacher before taking their own lives. The massacre was the largest in the history of this nation. This type of crime didn't exist 10 years ago.
Americans should stop acting surprised that these shooting happen in "nicer" neighborhoods. That's the only place they happen. None of the recent school massacres took place at an inner-city campus; they all occurred in smaller towns or suburbs. (S3) These killers haven't been from impoverished or extremely violent families. They don't appear to have been picked on（挨骂受罚）any worse than kids have been for generations. They chose alienation and destruction, and they found the tools to carry out their hate-filled plan.
Do not blame schools for these massacres. Schools simply take what they are sent. Question the killers' parents. The parents are supposed to teach their children respect and empathy for others' lives. Parents should help their offspring learn to handle taunt or conflict without resorting to violence.
All concerned adults should take a youth's threat to shoot someone as seriously as airport security guards take jokes about bombs. Students must be encouraged to tell teachers if a classmate threatens or jokes about violence. Administrators at schools around the country need to emphasize they will take such reports seriously, and that they will not identify any student who comes forward with such a report.
More gun regulations probably won't stop these shootings, but gun owners and sellers must take more responsibility for keeping weapons away from young people. Gun owners should keep their guns unloaded, locked up and hidden away. Most car owners don't leave their keys in the car even when they park in their own garage; gun owners should be at least as careful with weapons.
The federal government can't solve this problem. Schools alone can't solve it. More guns won't solve it. Americans must consciously create a culture that makes violence unacceptable. Parents need to stop allowing their children's minds to be polluted with violence. News media need to show more restraint and thought about how and what they report.
The Colorado massacre is a national tragedy. More's the pity if Americans do not stop, reflect and vow to make it the last school massacre.
11.One common feature of all the recent school massacres is that ______________________.
A) they have all been carefully planned by hateful youngsters
B) the killers have all failed to passed their exams
C) they all occur in places that appear to be all right
D) the killers are all from disadvantaged families
12.Children are less likely to become killers if _______________________.
A) their parents succeed in teaching them respect and empathy for others' lives
B) they study hard in school and get high scores
C) teachers stop telling meaningless jokes in class
D) they follow the rules set by administrators at schools around the country
13.Who does the author think should take the main responsibility for campus shootings?
A) School authorities.
B) The federal government.
C) News media.
D) The killers' parents.
14.What is the most effective way to prevent school massacre from happening again?
A) Reinforcing stricter laws and regulations.
B) Introducing security guards onto campus.
C) Creating a culture that makes violence unacceptable.
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D) Keeping weapons away from young people.
15.From the passage we can infer that ___________________________.
A) there were a lot of school massacres in inner-cities 10 years ago
B) many people turn a blind eye to school massacre
C) a youth's joke about violence is often ignored by other people
D) most gun owners like to leave their guns in their cars
Passage 4
The Baroque era witnessed the development of a major innovation in music -- opera, drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment. By combining music, acting, poetry, dance, scenery, and costumes, this unique fusion of many arts creates a theatrical experience of overwhelming excitement and emotion. Since its beginnings in Italy around 1600, opera has spread to many countries, and even today it remains a powerful form of musical theater.
An opera's characters and plot are revealed through song, rather than the speech used in ordinary drama. Once we accept this conversation, opera offers great pleasure; its music both delights the ear and heightens the emotional effect of the words and story. Music makes even a complicated plot believable by depicting mood, character, and dramatic action. It's the flow of the music that carries the plot forward. In opera, the music is the drama.
Opera demands performers who can sing and act simultaneously. On stage are star solo singers, secondary soloists, a chorus, and sometimes dancers -- all in costume. Besides the chorus of professional singers there may be "supers" who don't sing but who carry spears, fill out crowds, drink wine, and generally add to the opera's effect. In the orchestra pit are the instrumentalists and the conductor, whose awesome responsibility is to hold everything together. A large opera's personnel, in fact, may reach a startling total of several hundred people.
16.Opera first appeared
A) in the Baroque era
B) in France
C) in Rome
D) in the 15th century or so
17.What is the meaning of "fusion" in the first paragraph?
A) Combination.
B) Utilization.
C) Adoption.
D) Practice.
18.One difference between opera and ordinary drama is that
A) the former enjoys higher prestige
B) the latter caters to more people
C) the former carries on with singing
D) the latter is more often adapted to the big screen
19.According to the passage, the most important element in opera is
A) speech
B) music
C) acting
D) setting
20."Supers" _____________ in the opera.
A) are the most important role
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B) do many things
C) perform superbly
D) are the professional singers
Passage 5
As a century of grand retailing comes to a close, the 94-year-old "merchant prince of Texas" -- who turned Neiman Marcus from a small specialty shop into one of the world's major retail stores -- says department stores today must recreate themselves if they are to survive.
Marcus is worried that customer service is being ignored. He considers home shopping networks "a step above snake oil peddlers (沿街叫卖的小贩)." And despite all the advantages he sees in selling over the Internet, he says it is no substitute for a good salesperson.
Today, as head of his own Dallas consultancy (咨询) firm, Marcus is moving into the next century advocating (提倡) the same philosophy he held throughout the 20th century: focus on quality and service, and sales will take care of themselves.
"I've always believed that quality is remembered long after the price is forgotten," says Marcus, who still makes regular visits to the flagship Neiman Marcus store in downtown Dallas, where he looks over new fashion lines, examines the latest fine imported luggage and greets young salespeople eager to talk with him. "The price of a great meal disappears from the memory, but the price of a bad one will be remembered for years. If you force a bad buy on a customer, he will never forgive you."
Marcus puts much of the blame on business schools for what he sees as a lack of quality -- and vitality -- in department stores. He says the schools are turning out graduates who are excellent money managers and cost cutters, but who lack the skills that helped make the great stores like Macy's, and his own, into retailing legends. The MBA programs do not teach principles of selling, principles of human understanding, principles of leadership speaking, which, he believes, is the most important thing.
"I do not want 'trained' salespeople. The word training is the most terrible word. You train dogs and bears to do repetitive action. But with people, you educate them, because no amount of training takes the place of experience that enables them to answer all the questions that customers will ask."
21.What is the problem with department stores today?
A) Neglect of customer service.
B) Excessive running costs.
C) Fierce challenge from the home shopping network.
D) Uncompetitive prices.
22.In Marcus's view, good salespeople ______.
A) will soon be replaced by the Internet
B) can compete with peddlers
C) ensure the success of a retailing business
D) have recreated department stores
23.Which of the following is likely to be long remembered?
A) Good service.
B) The price of a bad buy.
C) The price of a good buy.
D) Good quality.
24.What is the problem with MBA programs?
A) Failure to teach principles of human understanding.
B) Too much emphasis on cost cutting.
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C) Lack of vitality.
D) Neglect of strict training.
25.What is the major difference between training and educating according to Marcus?
A) Training is applied to animals while educating is applied to humans.
B) Training is a terrible word while educating is a wonderful one.
C) Training enables the trainee to imitate while educating enriches his experience.
D) Training is aimed at action while educating is aimed at answering questions.
Passage 6
Recently, one of my best friends Jennie, with whom I have shared just about everything since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, we have both always looked forward to the few times a year when we can see each other.
Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with. She started telling me stories about her new boy friend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self-destructive behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didn't want her around him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserved better, she didn't believe me. Her self-respect seemed to have disappeared.
I tried to convince her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldn’t believe that she really thought it was acceptable to hang with a bunch of losers, especially her boy friend.
By the time she left, I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating that I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didn't. I put the power of friendship to the ultimate test. We'd been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.
A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boy friend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.
26. What word best sums up Jennie's boy friend?
A) A drug user.
B) A loser.
C) A trouble maker.
D) A criminal.
27. What was the attitude of Jennie's parents towards her relationship with her boy friend?
A) They were rather tolerant.
B) They were indifferent to it.
C) They thought their daughter deserved a better friend.
D) They did not allow her to continue it.
28. How did the author react to Jennie's relationship with her boy friend?
A) She tried her best to dissuade Jennie from continuing it.
B) She threatened to break up with Jennie if her advice was ignored.
C) She was overcome with pride that Jennie told her about her boy friend.
D) She was very angry with Jennie for choosing such a friend.
29. How did the author feel when Jennie told her she had broken up with her boy friend?
A) She felt relieved.
B) She felt happy and proud.
C) She felt frustrated and angry.
D) She felt exhausted.
30. What message does the author try to convey in this passage?
A) The power of true friendhsip can conquer anything.
B) Young people should be careful in choosing their friends.
C) Parents should take good care of their children.
D) Drugs can destroy innocent young people.
Passage 7
For the most part, rapid economic development has been a boon. But there is a down side to development -- health problems such as overweight are all becoming more prevalent, as more people take taxis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labor-saving devices become more popular.
An increasingly fast pace of life makes it difficult for people to spend time working out or playing sports. "I know exercise is good for your health," a young lady said. "But after a busy work week, the only thing I want to do is watch some TV and go to sleep." That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwide study, which suggested 15 percent of urban adults in China are overweight, a large number of people over the age of 40 suffer from high blood pressure and cardiac ailments.
Local researchers found that 31.2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise, but less than 9 percent of youngsters and the middle-aged got an adequate amount of physical activity.
Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy working and use this as an excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesn't require much time, money or a special gymnasium. (S1) People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly, cycling, climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful methods to enhance one's health.
The benefits of adding a little more activity to your life are priceless. "There is no need to be an athlete, however," a local doctor said. People should walk for 30 minutes a day and take part in some other physical activity three to five times a week. He warns, however, that people in poor physical shape should start slowly, and build up over time.
China has taken the need for more exercise to heart, with the government running several activities last Sunday, which was the designated World Health Day. Pamphlets and posters based on the theme "Move for Health" were distributed nationwide, encouraging people to develop a positive and healthy lifestyle.
31Rapid economic development has resulted in all the following except _____________.
A) an increasing number of taxi passengers
B) the wide use of labor-saving devices
C) an increasingly fast pace of life
D) people's awareness of the importance of exercise
32Some people are getting overweight because __________.
A) they are too busy to have any time for exercise
B) they are ignorant of the benefits of exercise
C) they are too weak to participate in physical activity
D) they are short of money to pay for different exercises
33According to the passage, who need regular daily exercise most?
A) People taking taxis to work.
B) Urban adults with full-time jobs.
C) Elderly people suffering from high blood pressure.
D) Youngsters dreaming of becoming professional athletes.
34What is the main idea of the last paragraph but one?
A) Many people are still unable to afford the cost of physical exercises.
B) Nobody should take part in physical activity in order to be an athlete.
C) Moderate physical exercise is usually enough for ordinary people.
D) Old or sick people should only take part in physical exercises of the slowest type.
35By referring to rapid economic development as "a boon" at the beginning of the passage, the author means that ____________.
A) it has benefited the general public greatly
B) it has done harm to people's health nationwide
C) it is going faster than anyone could have imagined
D) it has helped to establish a positive and healthy lifestyle of the public
Passage 8
In the early 1600's, a group known as the Separatists lived in England. They were people who wanted to worship God, study the Bible and pray, but the English laws did not allow them to worship as they desired. They were hunted down, beaten, and locked up.
Eventually, they heard about freedom of religion in Holland, and planned to escape. After much hardship, they were allowed to leave England.
Now called Pilgrims, they lived in Holland for 12 years, but left because they couldn't stand the hard life, and couldn't work their own trades. They wanted to find a Kingdom of God for their posterity （后代）to practice religion freely. So they hired the Speedwell and the Mayflower to carry them across the Atlantic to a new land in America.
The Speedwell had many leaks and had to turn back. The Mayflower took in their passengers, making a total of over 100. They sailed two months and three days, cramped and hungry.
On November 11, 1620, the Mayflower spotted land. They landed in Province town, Massachusetts. For over a month, they sent men to find the perfect place for them to build their colony. When they finally found a place, they called it Plymouth.
Right away they started building homes, knowing winter was near.
Unfortunately, a violent storm hit when the houses were not yet finished. The Pilgrims were forced to stay on the cramped (狭窄的) Mayflower for their first winter in the new world. When this winter was over, over half of them had died.
The Pilgrims eventually made a good friend who helped them. His name was Squanto. He showed them where fish swam, how to hunt deer, and how to plant corn.
Squanto was a Native American who was kidnapped (绑架) earlier in his life and taken to England. This is why he was able to communicate with the Pilgrims.
With the help of the Native Americans, there was plenty for everyone to eat that first summer, and also plenty to last for the next winter.
The Pilgrims had so much to be thankful for. They gave thanks for good friends, new homes, freedom of religion, and plenty of food in a three-day celebration with their Native American friends.
Today we continue the celebration of the Pilgrims and the Native Americans, and call it
Thanksgiving.
36The Separatists left England in pursuit of ______.
A) wealth
B) adventure
C) an easier life
D) religious freedom
37The Pilgrims spend their first winter ______.
A) in their newly finished houses
B) on the ship that carried them across the Atlantic
C) celebrating their newly-won freedom
D) making friends with the native people
38The Pilgrims learnt to adapt to the new environment ______.
A) with the help of the natives
B) by imitating the Native Americans
C) by trial and error
D) by learning from their earlier experience in Holland
39How did the Pilgrims get along with the Native Americans?
A) They were hostile to each other.
B) They kept a distance from each other.
C) They were very friendly to each other.
D) They learned from each other.
40What is the central idea of this passage?
A) The origin of Thanksgiving.
B) Religious Freedom.
C) Early English settlements in America.
D) Hardships experienced by the Pilgrims.
Passage 9
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:
The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were both breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.
America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony
now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer --- the United States --- based itself squarely on republican principles.
Yet even the political overturn was not as revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a homegrown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute of king and parliament.
41. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A) The United States: An Isolated Community
B) Breathtaking Events During the American Revolution
C) Canada and the American War of Independence
D) The American Revolution: Evolution Not Revolution
42. In the first paragraph, what does the author mean by "people went on working and praying, marrying and playing"?
A) Most people got married than divorced.
B) The war created new jobs.
C) Life went on as usual.
D) People had more than enough leisure time.
43. In the second paragraph, the author states that the colonies' struggle for self-government preceded the creation of all of the following countries EXCEPT ________.
A) Canada
B) The United States
C) Australia
D) The United Kingdom
44. It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada were ________.
A) Russian
B) French
C) British
D) Australian
45. What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?
A) The transport of prisoners to Australia.
B) The creation of new state governments.
C) Events leading up to the American Revolution.
D) How Canada and the United States became friends.
Passage 10
Feel tired lately? Has the doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then, consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth. Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms (征兆) include a lack of energy, depression (压抑), slow reactions, insomnia ( 失眠), agitation (烦乱), and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, (*alternate*) work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements--vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition (营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract (消化系统). They also say that a balanced diet is very。