阅读理解技能点拨部分

阅读理解技能点拨部分
阅读理解是考核综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，阅读理解考查学生的阅读技能包括理解短文大意，了解具体细节，通过上下文猜测词义，归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解作者态度和意图的综合分析能力。

针对以上对阅读能力的考核，中考试题中阅读的文章题材涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等方面；体裁形式包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等。

针对以上所提到的6种能力，让我们一起感受和了解这6项能力吧！
第一阶段：阅读微技能训练
技能一：利用语境
阅读提示：阅读故事时要找寻语境线索，问一问自己：故事发生在什么地方？故事的主人公是谁？故事讲的是什么事情？
A.根据语境线索，填上最合适的词。

1. Spiders make their webs from thread that comes from their bodies. There are two kinds of thread. One kind is sticky. The other kind is not sticky. Bugs get _____ on the sticky threads. The bugs wiggle the web. The spider feels the wiggles. Then it runs along the threads that are not sticky to get its dinner.
( ) The word that best completes the sentience is
A. Green
B. Stuck
C. Friendly
2. The first gas mask was made in 1912. It was called a safety hood . It did not have air tanks. Instead it had a long ____ that hung to the ground. It worked because heat rises. That means that the smoke made by a fire goes up. Near the ground the air is cleaner and cooler. Firefighters breathed only the cooler air.
( ) The word that best completes the sentence is
A. Hose
B. Flag
C. Air
3. Carmen Lomas Garza is an artist. Her are shows things that happened when she was a child in Texas. She puts her family in her paintings. Sometimes she draws herself, too. One painting shows everyone working together as a ____ to make a favourite food. ( ) The word that best completes the sentence is
A. Painter
B. House
C. Team
4. Marbles are made at a factory. Workers first make glass in a large tank. They heat the tank to make the glass hot. Hot glass is thick like syrup. It is poured from a hole at the bottom of the tank. The glass is cut into small chunks. These bits of glass are put on rollers. The rollers change the glass into smooth round balls. They become marbles. The marbles are sorted by size and color. Then they are put into large ____.
( ) The word that best completes the sentence is
A. Bins
B. Friends
C. Stars
5. An underground cave can have a stream in it . A cave fish lives in this stream. The fish is small and white. It can't see because it doesn't have any ____ . It doesn't need them since there is no light in the cave. The cave fish finds food by smell and feel.
( ) The word that best completes the sentence is
A. Arms
B. Eyes
C. Teeth
B.猜测黑体单词在段落中的意思。

6.The sap from a poison ivy plant causes itchy bumps on your skin. It is best to know what this plant looks like. Poison ivy grows as a vine or a shrub. The leaves are always in groups of three on each stem. But the color, size, and shape of the leaves can be different for each plant. Poison ivy blooms in the first part of summer. It has small blossoms that turn into berries.
( ) In this story the word blooms means
A. Flowers
B. Cries
C. Travels
7. The Great Dane is a type of dog. It has a thick coat of short hair. Its hair can be black, tan, or white. The Great Dane is very large and strong. For this reason it can be used as a guard dog. But a Great Dane is also very gentle. So it makes a good pet, too.
( ) In this story the word guard means
A. Funny
B. Lazy
C. Watch
8. People wrote with secret codes long ago. Today many people still use secret codes. Two types of codes are used the most. In one kind of code, symbols take the place of letters. These symbols can be letters, number, or words. A code book is used to read the message. The other kind of code changes the arrangement of the letters. People must unscramble the letters to read the message.
( ) In this story the word arrangement means
A. Order
B. Shape
C. Face
9. Susan Williams likes to go to bubble-gum-blowing contests. She blows bubbles as big as bike wheels. She blows bubbles inside of bubbles. She can even blow them under the water. Susan has won prizes and broken records. She is a world champion.
( ) In this story the word champion means
A. Family
B. Winner
C. Summer
10. The first newspaper was a letter. It told the news. The letter was sent by messenger. It went to people who lived in far-off lands. Hundreds of years later, a news sheet was used. It was written by hand each day. Then it was hung up for all to read. Much later the Chinese carved wooden blocks. They printed a paper. Now the newspaper is a quick way to get the news.
( ) In this story the word hung means
A. Put
B. Sawed
C. Grown
技能二：归纳结论
阅读提示：阅读故事所有的线索，归纳出一个适合所有线索的结论。

为确保你的结论是正确的，问一问自己：“我是怎么归纳出这个结论的？”你应该知道，这是因为故事里的线索帮助了你。

阅读下列故事，按要求完成1-5题。

1. How were the days of the week named? Some days are named for people in old stories. For example, Thursday was Thor's Day. It was named after the Thor of Norse legend. But some days got their names in other ways. Sunday and Monday come from Old English. Sunday means"day of the sun." Monday means"moon's day."
( ) From this story you can tell
A. Monday was named after the moon
B. Tuesday was named after the sun
C. Thursday was named after a king
2. There are many tricks for getting people to buy things in stores. Packages have bright colors. Big, flashy signs tell people to buy more. T oday some signs even talk to people! The recording of a voice begins playing when someone walks by the sign. Other signs don't talk but just smell good. They smell like lemons of chocolate.
( ) From this story you can tell
A. Signs help in getting people to buy things
B. A woman made the first talking sign
C. Today some signs smell like flowers
3. A long time ago, some groups of stars were given names. The names were based on the shapes formed by the star groups. Many of these star groups were named by Greeks and Romans of the old days. But they could not see some parts of the sky. The star groups in the other parts of the sky were named much latter.
( ) From this story you can tell
A. The Greeks could see the entire sky
B. The romans named all the star groups
C. Some star groups seem to form shapes
4. It is seven o'clock. The light on Meg's clock comes on and awakens her. She gets out of bed and dresses for work. She turns on the TV set and sees a man talking. A special machine writes his words at the bottom of the television picture. Meg reads the words. Then a light next to the door flashes. She sees the flash and goes to answer the door. ( ) From this story you can tell
A. Meg's best friend just rang the doorbell
B. Meg can't hear
C. Meg likes to watch the news on TV
5. Many sunken ships lie on the ocean floor. It is hard to raise them. One man found a way. He uses many small balls. Each ball is filled with air so that it floats. He runs a pipe through the inside of the ship. Then he forces the balls through the pipe. Soon the balls fill the ship, and the ship slowly rises.
( ) From this story you can tell
A. The man was paid well for his idea
B. The balls war colored blue like the sea
C. The air in each ball helps raise the ship
技能三：学会推测
阅读提示：阅读时心里要清楚事实（Facts）和推测（Inference）的区别。

想想故事里的事实，想想你已经知道了的事情，把所有你知道和读到的信息放在一起，然后进行推测。

阅读下列故事，判断哪个是事实，哪个是推测。

1. In the spring, many farmers put beehives in their fields of fruit trees. Bees collect pollen from the flowers on the trees. They use the pollen to make honey. And as they fly, they spread pollen from flower to flower. In this way, they help the trees produce fruit. Fact Inference
( ) ( ) A. Farmers put beehives in their fields.
( ) ( ) B. Bees collect pollen from the flowers.
( ) ( ) C. Farmers need bees in order to grow fruit.
( ) ( ) D. Bees do not use all of the pollen.
2. The Amazon River runs through the largest rain forest on Earth. The trees and plants in the rain forest help us by making oxygen for Earth. Over the last thirty years, great parts of these rain forest have been cut down.
Fact Inference
( ) ( ) A. The Amazon River runs through a rain forest.
( ) ( ) B. The rain forest plants make oxygen.
( ) ( ) C. Thirty years ago the jungle gave off more oxygen.
( ) ( ) D. The Amazon is a river.
3. Maria's mother gave her a tool kit. It has tools in the lid and in the bottom. The tools fit into molded plastic trays with a place shaped like each tool. On the top are wrenches and sockets. The sockets are both English and metric sizes. In the bottom tray are screwdrivers, pliers, and a ratchet. Maria is excited about using the tools.
( ) ( ) A. Maria's mother knows what Maria likes..
( ) ( ) B. The tool kit has screwdrivers..
( ) ( ) C. All the tools fit into one box..
( ) ( ) D. Sockets can come in different sizes.
4. Atlases are made up of maps. One kind of atlas is a historical atlas. It has maps that show how groups of people or countries have gained or lost land over the years. Some maps tell about trips that explorers have made to different countries. The maps can show mountains, deserts, rivers, and oceans. The maps also give facts about the products each country makes and trades with other countries. Historical atlases cover events from the past to the present.
( ) ( ) A. Maps can help people study history.
( ) ( ) B. Some maps tell about trade.
( ) ( ) C. Atlases are made up of maps.
( ) ( ) D. Some maps tell about past wars.
5. Bill and Sid collect cans. They sell the cans to a recycling center. Lately business has been so good that they have divided their work in half. Bill's area includes a park where teams play baseball every day. Sid collects cans from office building and stores.
( ) ( ) A. Many people drink canned drinks.
( ) ( ) B. Sid's route includes office building.
( ) ( ) C. Bill and sid earn more money now than when they started. ( ) ( ) D. Bill's route includes a park
技能四：发现事实
阅读提示：带着寻找事实的意图去阅读故事。

注意有关人、动物和事物等名称，寻找地点、日期和时间。

仔细阅读每一个问题，想想该用什么事实来回答。

在故事里寻找与问题中的某些单词相同的句子。

尽量边阅读边努力记住那些事实。

The game of jump rope is hundreds of years old. It is played in countries around the world. In most places all you need is a rope and some people. If you live in Hungary, you might use twisted straw instead of rope. Some children in Spain use strips of leather. Long , strong vines make good jump ropes, too.
Jump rope players in Greece use elastic instead of rope. The players loop the elastic around their ankles. The jumper has to move in and out of the elastic without touching it. This version of the game takes much skill.
One of the trickiest jump rope games is called Double Dutch. In this game players turn two ropes at the same time. When the ropes are turned fast, the players call it pepper. Some cities in the United States hold Double Dutch contests. Then the ropes are turned very fast. This is called hot pepper!
( ) 1. Players in Hungary sometimes use
A. Leather strips C. Twisted straw
B. Twisted ropes D. Plastic strips
( ) 2. Good jump ropes can be made from long, strong
A. Straw C. Pipes
B. Vines D. Veins
( ) 3. Players in Greece use
A. Vines C. Rubber bands
B. Their arms D. Elastic
( ) 4. Players use two ropes in
A. Double Spain C. The united Kingdom
B. Double Dutch D. Hungary
( ) 5. When the ropes are turned fast, players call it
A. Pepper C. Salt
B. Piper D. Sugar
Jump rope has long been a game of fun. But jumping rope has a more serious side. People of all ages are jumping rope for exercise.
Many athletes jump rope to warm up for a sport. Others do it as part of their daily workout. Jumping keeps their muscles strong and active. It is a good way to stay in shape.
People who do not like activities such as running often jump rope. Jumping for ten minutes is about the same as running one mile. Some people do their jumping in gyms. Others do it in their homes or even in their offices.
Jumping rope is a popular exercise because it's good for your health. Doctors say that jumping rope can improve the way the heart and lungs work. It might even help people live longer.
( ) 6. Many athletes jump rope
A. Every day C. Monthly
B. Early D. Slowly
( ) 7. Jumping rope is a good way to stay
A. Fat C. Cold
B. Healthy D. Fun
( ) 8. Some people jump rope because they don't like to
A. Hop C. Run
B. Toss D. Ski
( ) 9. People jump rope at home and
A. In bed C. At work
B. In cars D. At meals
( ) 10. Jumping rope can improve your
A. Health C. Home
B. Work D. Wealth
技能五：领会大意
阅读提示：大意是作者想要说明的问题。

学会领会大意，可以帮助你弄清什么是重要的。

阅读整个故事后，问自己：哪个句子是所有其他句子意思的总和？那就是大意所在。

阅读下面的短文，按要求选出正确答案。

1. People do not really use music to charm snakes. Snakes have no ears, so they can't hear a flute. The snake charter startles the snake by waving a hand near it. The snake lifts its head to look around. The charter then sways back and forth or moves the flute. The snake moves its head to keep an eyes on the movement.
( ) The story mainly tells
A. Why flute music charms snakes
B. Why snakes can't hear sounds
C. How people really charm snakes
D. Why snakes have no ears
2. A bat can fly at night or even with its eyes closed. But if you cover its ears. It can't fly well. Bats make sounds that people can't hear. The bats find their way by listening to these sounds as they echo off things. Bats even locate insects to eat by following the sounds that bounce off the bugs. People use their eyes, but bats use their ears to know where they're going.
( ) The story mainly tells
A. How bats use sound
B. What things bats often eat as food
C. How bats fly toward people
D. How people can hear the sounds of bats
3. Some people say that the White House has ghosts. The most famous ghost is Abraham Lincoln. He is often seen standing in his room looking out the window. Even Eleanor Roosevelt said that she saw him. There is a legend that old Abe walks back and forth all night before something terrible is about to happen.
( ) The story mainly tells
A. What Lincoln's ghost is like
B. When Eleanor Roosevelt's ghost walked
C. How many ghosts the White House has
D. How ghosts show when something will happen
4. Bees talk to one another by dancing. When one bee finds flowers for food, it flies back to the hive. The movements it makes tell the bees where the flowers are. If the bee moves in a small circle, the flowers are close. A bee moves slowly in a figure eight when the flowers are over one hundred yards away. Bees may tell about food that is as far as six
miles away.
( ) The story mainly tells
A. How far bees may fly searching for food
B. How bees talk with each other
C. What kind of flowering plants bees prefer
D. How bees collect their food from plants
5. People think that Thomas Edison made the first light bulb. But scientists had worked with electric light before Edison. A man named Swan first thought of the light bulb. But Edison made a better bulb than Swan. Edison designed light sockets and other things that made electric lights easy to use. He even started the first companies that built light fixtures.
( ) The story mainly tells
A. How scientists use light
B. Who developed electric lights
C. How Swan first thought of the light bulb
D. About companies that sell light fixtures
技能六：把握顺序
阅读提示：顺序与时间有关，是关于事件发生的先后。

阅读时找到表示时间的词语。

注意：有时可能没有表示时间的单词出现，你应该认真看故事叙述事件发生的先后顺序。

读完故事，要仔细看问题，回想刚读过故事中事件发生的顺序，在故事中找到问题里提到的关于顺序的句子。

阅读时，把故事想象成电影那样，场面在变化，人们在交流，开头怎样，中间过程怎样，结束时又是怎样的。

Is it a tree? Is it a bear? If you're looking at a tree in the shape of a bear , it's a topiary. A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape. Topiaries are kind of sculpture. Growing a topiary garden takes both time and skill.
The first thing a topiary gardener does is make a drawing. The drawing shows the form the gardener would like a tree or bush to take. The gardener then choose the bush for the topiary. It may be one that was just planted or one that is already in place. Special bushes are used for topiaries. These bushes are yew, privet, or boxwood.
In June of the plant's first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it is time to shape the bottom of the bush. The gardener shapes the bottom of the bush for about five years. The top is not trimmed during this time.
In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole bush. Sometimes branches are bent to form a shape. The gardener wires the branches in place.
Once a topiary has been started, it needs care all year. In the summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape. This cutting also helps the bush grow. In the winter the bushes don't grow. But the gardeners have to brush snow off the plants. Snow can hurt the flat parts of the plants.
Topiary gardening is a very old art. The Romans did it in the first century. In the sixteenth century, people in Europe liked topiaries, too. The Dutch and French grew very pretty topiaries in their neat gardens. By the late 1600s, topiaries were also grown in
America. Today there is a topiary garden in Williamsburg, Virginia. It's much like a garden that grew there hundreds of years ago.
1. Put these events in the order that they happened. What happened first? Write the number 1 on the line by that sentence. Then write the number 2 by the sentence that tells what happened next. Write the number 3 by the sentence that tells what happened last. _____ The gardener chooses the bush.
_____ The gardener draws a sketch.
_____ The gardener shapes the bottom of the bush.
( ) 2. When does the gardener look for new growth?
A. In the fifth year
B. In June
C. After the first century
( ) 3. How long does it take a topiary bush to grow tall enough for shaping?
A. Five years
B. Hundreds of years
C. One year
( ) 4. When did the Romans grow topiaries?
A. In the late 1600s
B. In the first century
C. In the fifth century
( ) 5. When were topiaries first grown in America?
A. Before the 1500s
B. During the 1600s
C. After the 1700s
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