新概念第二册直接引语和间接引语知识点总结1

直接引语和间接引语
一、概念
直接引语是直接引述他人的话。

前后要加引号。

间接引语是用自己的话转述他人的话。

多数情况下组成宾语从句，且不用引号。

She says, “I’ll never forget the moment.”她说：“我将永远不会忘记此刻。

”(直接引语) She says that she’ll never forget the moment. 她说她将永远不会忘记此刻。

(间接引语)
二、直接引语如何变成间接引语
直接引语变成间接引语时，多数情况下组成宾语从句或复合宾语。

(一) 句式的转变
1. 直接引语若是是陈述句，变成间接引语时，要变成用连词that引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常省略)
He said, “I want to be an actor.”
→ He said (that) he wanted to be an actor.
The doctor said, “You should drink plenty of water.”
→The doctor told me that I should drink plenty of water.
2. 直接引语若是是疑问句，变成间接引语时，要改成陈述句语序(主语在谓语前)
1) 直接引语若是是一般疑问句或反义疑问句，变成间接引语时，要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。

“Can you swim?” he asked me.
→ He asked me if/ whether I could swim.
He said to me, “You are interested in computer games, aren’t you? ”
→ He asked me if/whether I was interested in computer games.
2) 直接引语若是是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，连接词要用直接引语中的疑问词。

“What can I do for you?” he asked me.
→He asked me what he could do for me.
3. 直接引语若是是祈使句，通常变成tell/ ask/ order sb. (not) to do sth. 的结构。

“Please open the window,” the teacher said to me.
→ The teacher asked me to open the window.
(二) 人称的转变
把直接引语变成间接引语时，要按照意思改变人称。

通常遵循“一随主，二随宾，三不变”的原则。

“一主”是指直接引语中的第一人称代词在间接引语中应与引述部份主句的主语一致的人称一致。

“二宾”是指直接引语中的第二人称代词在间接引语中应与引述部份的宾语人称一致。

“三不变”是指直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中维持不变。

例：
He said, “I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much.
“Can you sing in English?” he asked me.→ He asked me if I could sing in English.
He said, “She will come late.”→ He said that she would come late.
She said, “I’m full.”→She said that she was full
(三) 时态的转变
主句为此刻或未来时态，间接引语的时态一般不变；主句为过去时态时，间接引语一般作相应的转变。

转变见下表：
1. 当直接引语表示客观事实或普遍真理时，变成间接引语，时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”→ The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
2. 当直接引语中有具体的一般过去时间作状语时，变成间接引语时，时态不变。

She said, “I was born in 1990.”→ She said that she was born in 1990.
(四) 指示代词、时间状语、地址状语和动词的转变
直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地址状语和某些动词通常要作相 应的转变。

转变如下表：
. He
said, “I ’m listening to music
now ”
He said
that
he
was
listening to music
then
1. (2021·陕西) —Can you
tell
me _____ your parents at home? —I often wash clothes and sweep the floor. A. how will you help B. how you help C. how you will help D. how do you help
2. (2021·广东)Our teacher told us the sun _____in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises
3.“When
will
you
leave
Athens?”
Peter
asked
me .
______________________________________.
直接引语 间接引语 指示代词
this these that those 时间状语
now today
this afternoon( week, month)
yesterday
three days(months, years) ago
last week (month, year) tomorrow
next week(month, year)
then that day
that afternoon(week, month)
the day before
three days (months, years) before
the week (month, year) before
the next/following day the next week (month, year) 地点状语
here
there
动词
come
go。