synecdoche(提喻)

Use of a kind of person to represent another kind of person
• If he had been a Rothschild it would have been different. (Rothschild, a Jewish by birth, is a famous banker. It stands for an extremely rich man) • 陈景润 （stands for a person devoted to his or her cause • He is the Newton of this century.他是本世 纪的牛顿。（以个体代整个类，用Newton 表示scientist科学家）
Use the part to represent the whole
• 1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街 上，是人的海洋。（以人体的局部代全体， 即以faces 表示people） • 2. Many hands make light work. • 3. They share the same roof.他们住在一起。 （以部分代全体，即用roof屋顶，表示 house屋子、住宅）
Use the concrete for the abstract, or vice versa
• e.g. Use an organ to represent its function “tongue”与“口才”、“eye”与“视觉”、 “ear”与“听觉”、“hand” 与“书法”、 “fist”与“手腕”等。 • He has a smooth tongue. （他有流利的口 才; 巧舌如簧）。 • He writes a good hand. • She has a good ear for music. • His words are pleasant to the ear.
Use the whole to represent the part
• 1.It was reported that China won the volleyball match.椐报载：在这次排球赛中， 中国队赢了。（以国家名称China代该国球 队the Chinese Volleyball Team） • 2. Everything is turning green in this smiling year. (spring)
Synecdoche
Definition
• Webster’s New World Dictionary: “a figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or the reverse of any of these.” • Synecdoche is closely related to metonymy—a figure of speech in which a term that denotes one thing is used to refer to a relate thing. Indeed, synecdoche is sometimes considered a subclass of metonymy.
Use raw material to represent the thing made of it
• Have you any coppers?你有钱吗？（以材 料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money 铜币） • She is dressed in silk. • A foeman worthy of his steel (Here steel r