中考英语命题研究第二编语法专题突破篇专题二代词精讲试题1

专题二代词
,怀化中考重难点突破
代词人称代词主格(I，you，she等)
宾格(me，you，her等)
物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your等)
名词性物主代词(mine，yours等)
反身代词(myself，yourself，themselves等)
指示代词(this，that，these，those等)
相互代词(e ach other和one another)
疑问代词(构成特殊疑问句：who，what等)
不定代词普通不定代词(some，a ny，few等)
复合不定代词(anyone，nothing等)
连接代词(引导宾语从句：who，what等)
关系代词(引导定语从句：who，whose等)
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
【满分点拨】
一、人称代词
人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语和表语；宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语。

人称代词的人称、数和格的变化如下：
人称
单数复数
主格宾格主格宾格
第一人称I me we us
第二人称you you you you
第三人称
he him
she her
it it
they them
二、物主代词
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词一般用于名词前修饰名词；而名词性物主代词本身就具有名词的性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。

如：
This is my red schoolbag.＝This red schoolbag is mine.这个红色的书包是我的。

物主代词具体分类如下：
人称
数
形容词性
物主代词
名词性物
主代词
第一人称
单数形式my mine
复数形式our ours
第二人称
单数形式your yours
复数形式your yours
第三人称
单数
形式
his his
her hers
its its
复数形式their theirs
三、反身代词
1．反身代词的单复数形式表格如下：
数人称单数复数
第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves你们自己
第三人称himself他自己
herself她自己
itself它自己
themselves他们自己
她们自己
它们自己
2.反身代词的用法
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语) The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语) That poor boy was myself.(作表语)
3．反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself自学
learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴
help oneself to随便吃/用
come to oneself苏醒
hurt oneself受伤
by oneself独自
【考点抢测】
一、词语运用
I they she it we
1．My parents showed __me__ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.
2．There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of __them__ are clean and cheap.
3．Many people think Peng Liyuan is the most beautiful First Lady.And __her__ songs are also well­known.
4．Kitty is the name of my pet.__Its__ nose is very funny.
5．It's very important for us to learn how to learn by __ourselves__．
二、单项选择
( B )6.(2016益阳中考)—Are these________new trousers?
—No，they are not________．
A．your；my B．your；mine C．yours；mine
( B )7.(2016永州中考)Our teacher often tells us how to teach________．
A．themselves
B．ourselves
C．yourselves
( A )8.(2016湘西中考)—What s the boy s name?
—________is Eric.
A．He B．Her C．His
( B )9.(2016长沙中考)Miss Smith，an American lady，has taught________English for three years.
A．we B．us C．our
( C )10.(2016常德中考)—Is this your pencil?
—Yes，it is________．
A．my B．me C．mine
不定代词
【满分点拨】
不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，兼有名词和形容词的功能，在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。

一、普通不定代词
1．初中阶段常见的普通不定代词如下表：
some，any few，little other，another
many，much eit her，neither
each，every both，all none，one
2.常考的几组易混不定代词辨析
some与any
序号不定代词用法例句
1
some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句
中。

Tom has some story books.
Would you like some milk？
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。

Are there any apples on the
tree?
There aren't any buses.
2
both 表示“两者都”。

Tom's parents are both
doctors.
either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主
语时谓语动词用单数。

Either of the books is
interesting.
neither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语
动词用单数。

Neither of his friends has
come yet.
all，any与none
相同点均用于三个或三个以上的人或物不同点
all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，其反义词为
none
any 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”，只能作定语
none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”，相当于not any 注意：(1)no one用来指人，不能接of短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

(2)none不仅指人也可以指物，其后常跟of短语。

none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。

如：None of the information is correct.信息都不正确。

None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.战士们都不怕困难。

few，a few和little，a little
如：The problem is too difficult.Few students can work it out.这道题太难了。

没几个学生能做出来。

She says little but does much.她说得少，做得多。

each与every
单词用法及意义例句
each 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一
个；意为“每个，各自的”，强调个
体。

There are trees and flowers on
each side of the street.街道的每一
边都有树和花。

every 强调整体，表示“每个都”；指三者或
三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。

Every student has read a poem.每个
学生都读了一首诗。

二、复合不定代词
复合不定代词一直是怀化中考的常考点，学生对此要熟练掌握。

常见的复合不定代词如下表：
somebody (某人)
anybody
(任何人)
nobody
(没有人)
everybody
(每人)
someone (某人)
anyone
(任何人)
no one
(没有人)
everyone
(每人)
something (某事) anything
(任何事)
nothing
(没有东西)
everything
(每一件事)
1.由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。

2．由any构成的复合不定代词通常用于否定句和疑问句中。

3．复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。

作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

4．当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。

【考点抢测】
( A )1.The girl in purple is new here，so ________ people know her.
A．few B．a few C．little
( C )2.________ of the computers are working because of the power failure.
A．All B．Both C．None
( A )3.(2016乐山中考)I don t understand what you said.Would you please give me______example?
A．another B．other C．others
( B )4.(2016怀化中考模拟)—How did you get the MP4，from a shop or by TV?
—________．I always like shopping online.
A．None B．Neither C．Both
( A )5.—Do you think ________ of the students can take part in the Marathon Skating?
—Certainly they can.In fact，they make good use of ________ skating lesson.
A．each；every B．every；each
C．each；all
( A )6.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever ________ of them feels hurt.
A．either B．both C．neither
( A )7.(2016株洲中考模拟)You don't have a drink.Can I get you ________？
A．something B．anything
C．nothing
指示代词和疑问代词
【满分点拨】
一、指示代词
1．指示代词的分类
代词用法例句
it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物。

The book is mine.It's very
interes ting.
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，
同类而不同一。

—Who has a novel named Tiny Times?
—I have one.
that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名
词，以避免重复。

The weather in Beijing is colder
than that in Shenzhen.
this 常用来指代离自己较近的人或物。

This is my friend.
2.it的常见用法
it可替代动词不定式作句中的形式主语或宾语，也可用于某些固定句型中。

(1)用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
①It's＋adj.(for sb.)＋to do sth.
It's important for us to work hard.对我们来说努力工作很重要。

②It's t ime to do/for /that…
It's time to get up.到起床的时间了。

It's time for lunch/that we go home.到吃午饭的时候了。

/到回家的时间了。

③It seems that…
It seems that he is quite happy.他看起来似乎很高兴。

④It's one's turn to do sth.
It's your turn to sing.现在轮到你唱了。

⑤It's＋adj.＋that从句
It is necessary that we students do some reading every day.我们学生每天读书是必要的。

(2)作形式宾语
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line？你认为学会排队是必要的吗？
I found it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

二、疑问代词
疑问代词主要用法例句
who 作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语
时在口语中不能放在介词
后)。

Who wants to go with me？
whom who的宾格形式，作宾语。

To whom are you talking？
whose who的所有格形式，作表
语、定语。

Whose book is this？
what/
who
what询问某人的职业。

—What's your father?
—He is a worker.
who询问某人的身份、姓
名。

—Who is the boy under
the tree?
—He is Li Ming.
what/
which
what指不定数目中的“哪一
个，哪些；什么”，没有一
定范围的限定。

What would you like？
which“哪一个，哪一些”，
指在一定范围内特指的人或
物。

Which one do you like
best？
相对于疑问代词而言，初中阶段还有两个疑问副词经常在考试中出现，学生也应该重点掌握，第一个是how，通常表示方式。

另一个是where，表示地点。

【考点抢测】
( B )1.________ is time for us to have classes.
A．One B．It C．Them
( A )2.Harry Potter is such an interesting book that
lots of teenagers like to read ________．
A．it B．this C．that
( C )3.My friend has a lot of comic books.I want to have ________，too.
A．this B．it C．one
( B )4.(2016长沙中考模拟)She is very friendly，and ________ is why we all like her.
A．this B．that C．these
( C )5.—________ would you like to choose to live in，Chengdu，Beijing or Shanghai?
—Chengdu，I think.
A．How B．What C．Which
( B )6.—________ are they?
—They are Chopsticks Brothers who sings the song Little Apple.
A．What B．Who
C．How。