过去完成时
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• 这是他那一年第三次失业了。
四、与现在完成时的区别
• 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基 点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时 则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的 动作不仅发生在过去，更强调"过去的过去"，只有和过 去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
么，我只等了几分钟。
五、与一般过去时的区别
• 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调" 过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一 特定的时间。
• 比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
• They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. • 2.过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，
_ (die). • 3. They ____ (study) the map of the country before th
ey ___ (leave). • 4. The robbers ______ (run away ) before the policem
en_______ (arrive). • 5. I ______ (turn off) all the lights before I ______ (go)
to bed. • Answers: 1. had painted... moved 2. had made ...
died 3. had studied…left 4. had run away..arrived 5. had turned off …went
改错题
1 Paul went out with Jane after he made a phone call.
• 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的 图片。
• (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续 到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和 for,since构成的时间状语连用。如：
• I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
• 如:Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
• 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
• I didn't know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.
• 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止 我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
• I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我 已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
• - I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 • - Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什
• 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
• (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果 叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完 成时。例如:
• I returned the book that I had borrowed. • 我已归还了我借的书。
• She found the key that she had lost. • 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
• 2. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do
B. has, done C did, did.
D. had, done
• 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
• 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
• He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
• 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
• (3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生 的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作 时，常使用过去完成时。
• 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
• 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
• 我醒来时雨Байду номын сангаас停了。
• She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
• 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
• (7)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,no sooner…than…,It was the first(second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中
2. Tom said he read the book twice. 3. Our plan failed because we made a bad mistake. 4. When the chairman had finished speaking,he
leaves the hall. 5.They have had lunch when I got to their house. • Answers:1made-had made 2read-had read
• 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
• (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作 中，发生在前，用过去完成时;发生在后，用 一般过去时。 如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。
• 例如:When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
一般和一般过去式一起使用。
六、专题训练
• 单项选择
• 1．He asked me ____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone
A had cooked B. Cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
• 参考答案：1.A2.D3.C4.A5.A
用所给动词的适当形式填空
• 1. We __(paint) the house before we _ (move) in. • 2. That rich old man ___ (make) a will before he ____
not . Had he left his case on the 4∶40 train? • Yes,he had. / No,he had not . • ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词？ • What had he learnt before he went here?
三、基本用法
• 如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
• 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
• No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. • 他刚到就又走了。
• It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
二、基本结构
• 主语+had+过去分词 • ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. • When I arrived Ann had just left. • ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. • I hadn't received his letter since he left.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? • 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had
• (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动 作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即 “过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或 一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示 过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 如：
• By nine o'clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
3made-had made 4leaves-left 5have-had
• Thanks for watching! • See you next time!
过去完成时
The Past Perfect Tense
一、概念
• 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的 动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果， 用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
• 它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"，侧重事情 的结果。
• He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来 这儿之前我学过一些英语。(went是个过去的动作， had learnt发生在went之前) We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到 那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。 (got是个过去 的动作，had cleaned发生在got之前)
• (5)过去完成时常常用在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾 语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作 发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
• 例如:He said that he had known her well.
• 他说他很熟悉她。
• I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
四、与现在完成时的区别
• 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基 点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时 则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的 动作不仅发生在过去，更强调"过去的过去"，只有和过 去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
么，我只等了几分钟。
五、与一般过去时的区别
• 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调" 过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一 特定的时间。
• 比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
• They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. • 2.过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，
_ (die). • 3. They ____ (study) the map of the country before th
ey ___ (leave). • 4. The robbers ______ (run away ) before the policem
en_______ (arrive). • 5. I ______ (turn off) all the lights before I ______ (go)
to bed. • Answers: 1. had painted... moved 2. had made ...
died 3. had studied…left 4. had run away..arrived 5. had turned off …went
改错题
1 Paul went out with Jane after he made a phone call.
• 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的 图片。
• (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续 到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和 for,since构成的时间状语连用。如：
• I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
• 如:Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
• 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
• I didn't know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.
• 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止 我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
• I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我 已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
• - I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 • - Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什
• 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
• (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果 叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完 成时。例如:
• I returned the book that I had borrowed. • 我已归还了我借的书。
• She found the key that she had lost. • 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
• 2. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do
B. has, done C did, did.
D. had, done
• 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
• 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
• He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
• 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
• (3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生 的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作 时，常使用过去完成时。
• 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
• 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
• 我醒来时雨Байду номын сангаас停了。
• She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
• 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
• (7)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,no sooner…than…,It was the first(second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中
2. Tom said he read the book twice. 3. Our plan failed because we made a bad mistake. 4. When the chairman had finished speaking,he
leaves the hall. 5.They have had lunch when I got to their house. • Answers:1made-had made 2read-had read
• 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
• (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作 中，发生在前，用过去完成时;发生在后，用 一般过去时。 如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。
• 例如:When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
一般和一般过去式一起使用。
六、专题训练
• 单项选择
• 1．He asked me ____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone
A had cooked B. Cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
• 参考答案：1.A2.D3.C4.A5.A
用所给动词的适当形式填空
• 1. We __(paint) the house before we _ (move) in. • 2. That rich old man ___ (make) a will before he ____
not . Had he left his case on the 4∶40 train? • Yes,he had. / No,he had not . • ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词？ • What had he learnt before he went here?
三、基本用法
• 如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
• 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
• No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. • 他刚到就又走了。
• It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
二、基本结构
• 主语+had+过去分词 • ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. • When I arrived Ann had just left. • ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. • I hadn't received his letter since he left.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? • 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had
• (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动 作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即 “过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或 一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示 过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 如：
• By nine o'clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
3made-had made 4leaves-left 5have-had
• Thanks for watching! • See you next time!
过去完成时
The Past Perfect Tense
一、概念
• 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的 动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果， 用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
• 它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"，侧重事情 的结果。
• He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来 这儿之前我学过一些英语。(went是个过去的动作， had learnt发生在went之前) We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到 那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。 (got是个过去 的动作，had cleaned发生在got之前)
• (5)过去完成时常常用在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾 语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作 发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
• 例如:He said that he had known her well.
• 他说他很熟悉她。
• I thought I had sent the letter a week before.