2018-2019学年河北省衡水市武邑中学高三(上)期末英语试卷(word含答案解析)

2018-2019学年河北省衡水市武邑中学高三（上）期末英语试卷
副标题
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Eco-friendly Vauban，lied in the southwest part of Germany，has everything-tree-lined streets，perfect houses-but it's missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so：the car．And Vauban residents（居民）don't mind one bit．Vauban doesn't ban cars entirely．Rather，it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating "parking-free" and "car-free" living．In Vauban，parking spots are a no-no private property（私人财产）．Cars can only be parked in public parking lots，so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot．Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits．With these limitations，fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars．Without cars，bikes are almost religion in this small town．Kids pick them up even before they can ride one．Vauban is about much more than just using two wheels instead of four．In Vauban ，residents ride bikes and even receive money from the electric company for selling electricity back to the power grid （电网系统）．It's an environmentally-friendly city of the future，with organically grown food，renewable energy，and carbon-neutral homes．And now，with a population of 5，500，it's attracting attention from around the world．Can an eco-friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars？Sometimes when I watch a news report what's in the back of my mind is what isn't being reported or stressed．While this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles，as well as good old fashioned walking，common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban，Germany，it owes its existence to the cars．
Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban？It took cars to help build this utopia．It's one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car，you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree．
I myself haven't owned a car for more than 14years，and mostly get around town running，walking，or using public transportation．There are times I wish I had one，since it would make many things easier，but overall I'm glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car，which caused me to get rid of it in the first place．And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy．
To get even close to being like eco-friendly Vauban，Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live．Commuting（乘车上下班）patterns will have to change，public transportation will have to be invested in，and so on．And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime，we may at least start to see more Vauban-like areas in the USA．
We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around，cutting down on pollution ，and giving themselves some more exercise．
1.Why don't over 80% of the residents in Vauban own car？______
A. The streets there are very narrow
B. There are many limitations on the use of cars．
C. The government limits the number of cars．
D. Most cars belong to their public property
2.The underlined word "paradoxes" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______ ．
A. opposite things
B. big shortcomings
C. great strengths
D. firm bases 3.How does the writer feel of not owning a car？______
A. Curious
B. Proud
C. Grateful
D. Regretful
B
Augustus Saint-Gaudens and his family immigrated to New York，America，from Dublin，Ireland，in 1848 when he was just six months old．As he grew up，Augustus liked racing his friends around the block，buying candies at the store，especially drawing-drawing pictures of the shoemakers at his father's shoe shop．At the age of 13，his father told him it was time to go to work．Augustus replied，"I should like it if I could do something which would help me to be an artist．" He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell，and carved cameos of people，lions，and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology，when the Civil War had just begun．
At 19，with his earnings and his parents' support，he travelled to Paris and Rome for further training and artistic study．Before he left，he drew a portrait of his mother in pencil and sculpted a small bust（半身像）of his father out of clay．Then，22-year-old Augustus opened an art studio in Rome and worked on his first life-sized sculpture，called Hiawatha．An art patron was impressed with this sculpture and promised to help Augustus "until your genius and labors shall have met with the reward to which I feel they are entitled"．
In 1876，Augustus was chosen to design a monument to the Civil War hero Admiral David Farragut of the U．S．Navy．Completed five years later，when he was 33，his first major sculpture for the U．S．was unveiled at Madison Square in New York City，the sculptor's boyhood home．One art critic called it "the best monument of the kind the city has to show"．Then the giant Standing Lincoln in Lincoln Park，Chicago in a setting by architect White，1884-1887，was considered the finest portrait statue in the U．S．
However，in 1900，aged 52，his doctors told him he had cancer．Even though he was often ill，he continued to work at his home and studio in Cornish，New Hampshire．
In 1905，President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins-to convey the strength of the nation．Augustus made lifelike pencil sketches of his coin designs．Yet，Augustus died in August 1907，two months before his l0-dollar and 20-dollar gold coins were issued．Augustus Saint-Gaudens had fulfilled his dream-and more! He was one of the greatest American sculptors not only of his day but also of all time．
4.What did Augustus like doing as a child？______
A. He enjoyed selling candies at the store．
B. He enjoyed chasing after his friends at school．
C. He liked drawing pictures of his father's workers．
D. He liked going to work as a shoemaker in his father's shop．
5.How did Augustus become a sculptor？______
A. He received sponsorship from an art critic．
B. He sculpted a small bust of his parents out of clay．
C. He opened an art studio in Rome and worked on Hiawatha．
D. He learned hard as an apprentice and carved many nice works．
6.When did Roosevelt request Augustus to redesign American coins？______
A. At his age of 33．
B. At his age of 57．
C. At his age of 52．
D. At his age of 59．
7.What is the text mainly about？______
A. The history of the Civil War．
B. The remarkable sculptor's life．
C. The comments on Augustus' works．
D. The outstanding sculptor's masterpieces．
C
Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers．In addition，people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity （湿度）．In very cold climates，there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia （低体温），which is a life-threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels．The normal temperature for humans is about
37.0°C．However，differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals．It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people．Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C．Below 29.4°C，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails．The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death．However，there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6°C．This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes．She was found unconscious，not breathing，and her heart had stopped beating，yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C．
In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections，core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels．This is hyperthermia．Life-threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6-41.7°C．Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death．
8.Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons？______
A. Because their bodies are unusually efficient．
B. Because they experience different climates．
C. Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies．
D. Because they have internal temperature regulating systems．
9.What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss？______
A. The dangerous effects of hypothermia．
B. The change of body temperature．
C. The survival of the Swedish woman．
D. The regulating systems of natural temperature．
10.People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature．______
A. higher than 34.4°C
B. lower than 29.4°C
C. between 40.6-41.7°C
D. between 34.4-37°C
11.What is the best title for the passage？______
A. Surviving in an ice trap
B. Getting to know hypothermia
C. Adapting to climate extremes
D. Changing core body temperature
D
No one likes to make mistakes．But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes，and keep that knowledge longer．
One of the researchers was Vinit Desai，an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School．He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah．
They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success．It is possible，they say．But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years．He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them．
The study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites and other space vehicles．Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights．In two thousand two，a piece of insulating （隔热的）material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis．Still the flight was considered a success．Then in early two thousand three，a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch．This time，the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died．NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes．Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded．He points to air-lines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in the past．He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided．He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information．The study appeared in the Academy of management Journal．
The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own．We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly．Fabricio Cmino wrote：Not long ago I wanted to watch TV，but it wouldn't turn on，so I did everything I could to start it．Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and，passing by，said to me "Did you try plugging it？" "I'm just dusting，Mum!" So she wouldn't notice how dumb I am sometimes!
Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key．It was in his pocket．He wrote：I always promise I will never do it again，but after a few weeks，where is my wallet？For sure it will be in a very logical place．
12.What we get from failure differs from that from success in that ______ ．
A. what we learn from failure is more powerful
B. what we learn from success does no good to us
C. the knowledge gained from failure is important
D. the knowledge gained from failure lasts longer
13.From the passage，we can infer that ______ ．
A. the insulating material problem in 2002didn't arouse enough attention
B. there were no astronauts on Columbia
C. in spite of the problem，Atlantis was considered a success
D. Columbia exploded during its launch time
14.The writer gives the last two paragraphs to show that ______ ．
A. many people make mistakes in the world
B. mistakes were a very embarrassing thing when found by others
C. we can also draw a lesson from others' mistakes
D. making mistakes was a necessity
15.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？______
A. Only organizations can learn from mistakes．
B. Failure may result from faults that have been ignored．
C. Lessons from the shuttle flights are more important．
D. Leaders often lack an open mind and seldom share information．
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19，000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks？They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine．(1) ．So how do the trainers at Sea World do it？The first thing they do is reinforce（强化）the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case，to get the whale to go over the rope．(2) ，in a position where the whale can't help but do what's expected of it．Every time the whale goes over the rope，it's given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish．But what happened when the whale goes under the rope？Nothing - no criticism，no warning and no feedback．(3) ．
Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results．And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often than under，the trainers begin to raise the rope．It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn't starve．
(4) ．Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently．Secondly，under-criticize．People know they need help when they mess up．(5) ，people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it．So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can't fail．Over-celebrate，under-criticize…and know how far to raise the rope．
A．This is a great challenge
B．And the whale stays right where it is
C．If we figure out a way to motivate the whale
D．They start with the rope below the surface of the water
E．If we under-criticize，punish and discipline less than expected
F．Whales are taught that their negative behavior won't be acknowledged
G．The simple lesson to be learned from the whale trainers is to over-celebrate
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out．
He sat on the park bench，head in hands，(21)if anything could save his company from bankruptcy．
Suddenly an old man appeared before him．"I can see that something is(22)you．"he said．
After listening to the executive，the old man said："I believe I can help you．"
He asked the man his name，wrote out a(23)，and pushed it into his hand saying："Take this money．Meet me here exactly one year from today，and you can pay me back at that time．"
Then he turned and disappeared as(24)as he had come．
The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500，000，(25)by John D．Rockefeller，then one of the richest men in the world!
"I can(26)my money worries in an instant!"he realized．But(27)，he decided to put the uncashed check in his safe．Just knowing it was there might give him the(28)to work out a way to save his business，he thought．
With renewed(29)，he negotiated better deals．Within a few months，he was out of debt and making money once again．
Exactly one year later，he returned to the(30)with the uncashed check．At the(31)time，the old man appeared．But just as the executive was about to(32)the check and share his success story，a(33)came running up and grabbed the old man．
"I'm so delighted I(34)him!"she cried．"I hope he hasn't been bothering you．He's(35)escaping from the rest home and telling people he's John D．Rockefeller．"
And she led the old man away(36)the arm．
The businessman just stood there，(37)．All year long he'd been buying and selling．(38)he had half a million dollars behind him．
Suddenly，he realized that it wasn't the money，real or(39)，that had turned his life around．It was
his(40)self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after．
21. A. wondering B. suspecting C. estimating D. hesitating
22. A. attacking B. disturbing C. interrupting D. amusing
23. A. number B. note C. letter D. check
24. A. calmly B. quietly C. quickly D. proudly
25. A. signed B. handed C. drawn D. deposited
26. A. lose B. remove C. face D. ignore
27. A. instead B. therefore C. rather D. meanwhile 28. A. weakness B. belief C. urge D. strength
29. A. creativity B. permission C. optimism D. curiosity
30. A. hospital B. company C. street D. park
31. A. advanced B. appointed C. announced D. delayed
32. A. hand back B. give out C. put out D. turn over
33. A. policeman B. banker C. nurse D. guard
34. A. beat B. cheated C. pushed D. caught
35. A. never B. seldom C. always D. occasionally
36. A. on B. in C. by D. at
37. A. exhausted B. astonished C. disappointed D. excited
38. A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. warned
39. A. created B. imagined C. discovered D. donated
40. A. long-lost B. non-existent C. ever-lasting D. newly-found
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41.I was traveling in a small place in New York．That place had no taxi for a short (1) （distant）．One had to
take a rickshaw（人力车）．
I called out for an old man in the waiting line．Before I got on the rickshaw，I (2) （automatic）asked how
much he would charge to take me across to the Mall．I (3) （tell）"10 dollars"．Then I started bargaining．He just gave a hard smile and said，"Whatever you feel like，please give me．It is not necessary (4) （bargain）on this small amount．"
I was a bit ashamed at myself and kept quiet while he continued，" (5) （like）those taxis，my vehicle does
not run on petrol or diesel（柴油）or even gas；(6) runs on my sweat．So please give it to me (7) a smile，for the money has to feed so many (8) （hunger）mouths at home．"
When we reached the Mall，I gave him the money and the smile (9) requested and added a gentle pat on his back．He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for (10) long time．
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错
误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Dear Jim，
I am writing tell you more about the new form of bike-sharing mentioning in your latest letter． It's very m
uch convenient to use if you have a smartphone． That you need is to find the nearest Mobike through the AP P． Then you scan the QR code on the bike， but enjoy your trip． Compared with other form of bike-sharin g， the greatest advantage of Mobike is that you can easily found one and will never worry about where to pa rk it． It is becoming the new trend as a means of transportation． It relieves the traffic pressure and does bet ter to the environment as well．
Hope to ride a Mobike with yourself in China．
Yours，
Li Hua
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43.假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom想来中国旅游，体验中国高铁，请根据以下内容回一封电子邮件．
1、对于他此行表示欢迎．
2、鉴于中国地域辽阔、人口众多的特点，简单介绍高铁在中国大城市的施建以及其相比较其它交通方
式所有的优势．
参考词汇：高铁ERH或high-speed train．注意：1、词数100左右；
2、可适当增加细节，使行文连贯．Dear Tom，
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1.【答案】
【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】C
【解析】
1．B．细节理解题．根据第一段
Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits． With these li mitations， fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars．可知，超过80%的Vauban居民没有拥有
自己的车是因为汽车的使用有很多限制．故选B．
2．A．词义猜测题．根据上下文内容可知，
It's one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car， you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree．句意为这是生活中的悖论之一，有时为了摆脱依赖汽车之类的东西，你实际上
必须在某种程度上依赖于开头和可预见的未来．故意为悖论．故选A．
3．C．细节理解题．根据第四段
There are times I wish I had one， since it would make many things easier， but overall I'm glad not t o have to deal with the headaches of owning a car， which caused me to get rid of it in the first place ．可知，作家对自己没有拥有一辆车是感激的．故选C．
本文是一篇人生感悟类阅读，生态友好的Vauban位于德国西南部，拥有绿树成荫的街道，完美
的房屋- 但它缺少过去100年左右的一个城市特色：汽车．本文以此展开，主要讲述了为了接
近生态友好的沃邦，美国人将需要绝对改变他们的生活方式，乘车上下班模式将不得不改变，公共交通将不得不投入．
做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是，仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案，这样
便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱．所谓阅读理解，对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原
文，因此，每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查，再得出答案．也就是说，阅读理解的每
一道题目，在原文都应该有明确的出处，我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句，（1）排除与原文相
关句主题不一致的选项（2）排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项（3）排除用于过于极端或负面
的选项（4）注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除．
4.【答案】【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】B
【解析】
1．C．细节理解题．根据第一段As he grew up，Augustus liked racing his friends around the block，buying candies at the store，especially drawing-drawing pictures of the shoemakers at his father's shoe shop．可知，奥古斯都小时候喜欢画他父亲工人的照片．故选C．
2．D．细节理解题．根据第一段He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell，and carved cameos of people，lions，and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology，when the Civil War had just begun．可知，奥古斯都他作为一名学徒学到了很多，并且雕刻了许多精美的作品，最终成为了雕塑家．故选D．
3．B．细节理解题．根据第四段 in 1900， aged 52，以及第五段
In 1905， President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins-to convey the strength of the nation．可知，罗斯福请奥古斯都重新设计美国硬币时，他57岁．故选B．4．B．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了卓越的雕塑家奥古斯都的
生活经历．故选B．
本文是一篇故事类阅读，主要讲述了卓越的雕塑家奥古斯都的生活经历．
阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
8.【答案】
【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】C
【解析】
1-4DABC
1．D．细节理解题．根据第一段第一句Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers可知，在不同季节人类能够保持稳定的核心体温是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统．故选D．
2．A．段落大意题．根据第二段第一句In very cold climates，there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温），which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below
normal levels可知，第二段主要讲述了低体温会造成的危害．故选A．
3．B．推理判断题．根据第二段中的"Below 29.4℃，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails．The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death．"可推知，低于29.4°C时，人体不能保持核心体温，因此无法生存．故选B．4．C．标题归纳题．根据第一段中的"help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity（温度）"以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述了人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化．故C 项"适应极端气候"概括了文章大意，适合做文章标题．故选C．
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温．
阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
12.【答案】
【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】C 【小题4】B
【解析】
1．D．细节理解题．根据第三段中they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years"可知，研究人员发现，从失败中总结出的经验教训能够保持很长时间，而他们未能从成功中总结出具有长期性的经验，故选D．
2．A．推理判断题．根据第四段中a piece of insulating（隔热的）material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis．Still，the flight was considered a success．"可知，发射过程中，隔热材料的脱落使火箭遭到了损坏，但那次航天飞行却被认为是成功的，说明隔热材料存在的问题没有引起人们的注意，故选A．
3．C．推理判断题．根据第六段中The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own．"可知，人们也可以从他人的错误中吸取教训，下面两段讲的是这样的两个例子，故选C．
4．B．推理判断题．根据第五段中He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided．"可知，Professor Desai建议有关部门从不起眼的小错误或成功避开的错误中寻找有用的信息，说明人们可以从一些未发生的错误中吸取教训，故选B．
本文是一篇说明文．没有人喜欢犯错误．但是一项新的研究表明，与成功相比，一个组织机构
可以从失败中吸取更多的经验教训，而且这些经验教训能够在很长一段时间里发挥作用．
题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结
合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的
答案．
16.【答案】
【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】F 【小题4】G 【小题5】E
【解析】
1-5 ADFGE
1．A．推理判断题．根据上文"They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine他们让鲸鱼在一根绳子上游得比我们大多数人想象的还要远‘．可知此处应填"这是一个巨大的挑战"．故选A．
2．D．推理判断题．根据下文"in a position where the whale can't help but do what's expected of it‘在这种情况下，鲸鱼不得不做它应该做的事情．可知此处应填"他们从水面以下的绳子开始．故
选D．
3．F．细节理解题．根据上文"Nothing - no criticism，no warning and no feedback没有--没有批评，没有警告，没有反馈‘．可知此处应填"鲸鱼被教导他们的负面行为不会被承认"．故选F．4．G．细节理解题．根据下文"Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently把我们一直想要的好东西和小东西做成大事‘．可知此处应填"从鲸鱼驯兽师那里得到的简单教训就是过度庆祝"．故选G．
5．E．推理判断题．根据上文"People know they need help when they mess up把我们一直想要的好东西和小东西做成大事‘．可知此处应填"如果我们批评不足，惩罚和纪律比预期的要少"．故选E．
本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了你有没有想过海洋世界的驯兽师是如何让这头重达
19000磅的鲸鱼从22英尺的水中跳出来表演特技的？他们让鲸鱼在一根绳子上游得比我们大多数人想象的还要远，这是一个巨大的挑战．
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于"考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义
的理解和掌握．解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中
找出关键词或者说是线索词．文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项．这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧．
21.【答案】
【小题1】A 【小题2】B 【小题3】D 【小题4】C 【小题5】A
【小题6】B 【小题7】A 【小题8】D 【小题9】C 【小题10】D
【小题11】B 【小题12】A 【小题13】C 【小题14】D 【小题15】C
【小题16】C 【小题17】B 【小题18】A 【小题19】B 【小题20】D
【解析】
41-45．ABDCA 46-50．BADCD 51-55．BACDC 56-60．CBABD
41．A．考查动词．A．wondering 想知道B．suspecting 怀疑C．estimating 估计D．hesitating犹豫；由前面There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out，一个商人欠了很多债务，可知他是在想是否有什么可以拯救他的公司．故选A．
42．B．考查动词．A．attacking 攻击B．disturbing 打扰C．interrupting 打断D．amusing令人
惊奇的；由常识可知，商人欠债会很困扰．故选B．
43．D．考查名词．由后面Take this money．带着这些钱，可知是老人问了他的名字，开了一张
支票．故选D．
44．C．考查副词．由前面Suddenly an old man appeared before him，突然一个老人出现在他面前，可知然后他转身快速地消失了，正如他来时一样．故选C．
45．A．考查动词．由后面by John D．Rockefeller，可推知是50万的支票，签名是John D．Rockefeller．故选A．
46．B．考查动词．由前面The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500，000，他有了50万的支票，可知商人可以马上免除资金困扰．故选B．
47．A．考查副词．由后面he decided to put the uncashed check in his safe，可知但是相反，他决定把支票放起来，让支票给他勇气．故选A．
48．D．考查名词．由句意可知，他只是把支票收起来，只要知道支票就在那里也许会给他力量来找到方法拯救公司．故选D．
49．C．考查名词．A．creativity创造B．permission 允许C．optimism乐观 D．curiosity好奇；由前面to work out a way to save his business，让支票给他勇气解决问题，可知他重拾乐观，故选C．50．D．考查名词．由前面He sat on the park bench，他坐在公园长椅上，可推知一年后，那个商
人又来到那个公园．故选D．
51．B．考查形容词．由前面Meet me here exactly one year from today，
and you can pay me back at that time，在见到我一年后的今天，你可以在那时还给我，可知是在
指定的时间老人出现了．故选B．
52．A．考查词组．由前面you can pay me back at that time，你在那时还我，可知是正当商人要还支票时．故选A．
53．C．考查名词．由后面escaping from the rest home ，从疗养院中跑出来，可知是一名护士跑
来要抓住老人．故选C．
54．D．考查动词．由后面escaping from the rest home ，从疗养院中跑出来，可知是一名护士跑
来要抓住老人，因此句意为太好了，我抓住他了．故选D．
55．C．考查副词．由前文商人之前见到了老人，可知老人总是从疗养院逃跑．故选C．56．C．考查介词．由句意可推知，她用胳膊架着老人把他带走了．故选C．
57．B．考查形容词．A．exhausted疲惫的B．astonished 吃惊的C．disappointed 失望的D．excited兴奋的；由前文可知，老人是个疯子而支票是假的，商人却相信了，因此商人站在那里，震惊了．故选B．
58．A．考查动词．由前面Just knowing it was there might give him the（48）
to work out a way to save his business，他知道支票会给他力量解决事业，可知坚信他身后有50
万美元．故选A．
59．B．考查形容词．由前面it wasn't the money，real or，可知此处填与real相反的词，突然他意识到，不是金钱，无论是真实的还是想象的，使他的生活好转．故选B．
60．D．考查形容词组．由句意可推知，商人到现在才明白，是他新发现的自信给了他力量来取得成功．故选D．
文章讲述了一个商人东山再起的故事．一个商人欠下许多债务，他无助地坐在公园里．有一个老人给了他一张50万的支票，让他一年后来还．商人把支票放起来，作为一种精神支持的力量．后来他再次获得了成功，来找那个老人却发现那位老人并非John D．Rockefeller，支票也是假的．原来，并非金钱，而是信心使商人获得了成功．
解答此类题目，首先需要通读全文，掌握文章大意；其次分析每一个空格前后的语意和语境，
进而根据相关语法选择正确的答案．
41.【答案】
【小题1】distance 【小题2】automatically 【小题3】was told 【小题4】to bargain 【小题5】Unlike 【小题6】it 【小题7】with 【小题8】hungry 【小题9】as 【小题10】a
【解析】
答案：61．distance；考查名词．句中有形容词short修饰，要用名词形式．62．automatically；考查副词．句中automatic修饰动词asked，要用副词形式．
63．was told；考查语态．句中tell与主语I构成动宾关系，要用被动；句意表达的是过去的事实，要用一般过去时态的被动语态．
64．to bargain；考查句型搭配．it is+形容词+动词不定式，表示做某事怎么样．
65．Unlike；考查介词．句中like是介词，表示像；句意表达的是否定，要用unlike不像．66．it；考查代词．句意指代的是my vehicle，指代单数的同一事物，要用it来表示．67．with；考查介词．句意表达的是伴随状态，with a smile面带微笑．
68．hungry；考查形容词．句中hunger修饰名词mouths，要用形容词形式．
69．as；考查连词．句意表达的是同步进行的动作，as连接时间状语从句，表示一边…一边… 70．a；考查冠词．a long time很长时间；不定冠词与不可数名词连用，表示一段，一阵，一场等．文章讲述了作者在纽约乘坐人力车的经历．我在纽约的一个小地方旅行时，因为当地没有跑短途的出租车，我只好找了一辆人力车．拉车的是一位老人，当我询问价格时，老人说十块．我开始还价，老人笑着说随便给，没必要还价．这让我有点不好意思．知道现在我还能想起他的笑容．
语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通
读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．
42.【答案】Last Saturday I had a trip to a new opened park called Grangfulin Relics Park．When I got there I found the environment was perfect and that there was various birds flying around．That attracted me
most was the strange building．It looked like a flooding house，the roof of which was above the water，and indeed it's "body" was under the water．People could get there by going down the stair．In the building there was an exhibition which was verymuch great，fo r there were plenty ∧ architectural
models and exhibits．
In a word，this park is a place worth visited again．
详解：
1．new改为newly，考查副词，修饰过去分词，用副词．
2．was改为were，考查主谓一致，there be句型，主语为be后面的名词，此处为birds，所以用were．3．That改为What，考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"…的东西"，所以用what引导．
4．the改为a，考查冠词，泛指一个，所以用不定冠词．
5．flooding改为flooded，考查分词，flood和它所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语．6．it's改为its，考查形容词性物主代词，放在名词前面，表示"它的"，所以用its．
7．stair改为stairs，考查名词的数，stair为可数名词，所以用复数泛指一类．
8．去掉much，考查词义辨析，very much修饰动词，very修饰形容词、副词．
9．plenty后面加of，考查固定搭配，plenty of大量的．
10．visit改为visiting，考查动名词，be worth doing值得做．
【解析】
be是一封信．李华写信改为吉姆，告诉他中国的自行车共享的新形式．
1先通读全文．认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意．注意文章中上下文的逻辑
关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致．
2．聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，分句（注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位）对不
同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）．
3．再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确．一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握。