2018年12月大学英语六级真题及详解(第二套)【圣才出品】
2018年12月英语六级真题及答案【完整版】
【导语】2018年12⽉英语六级考试已结束，⽆忧考四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语六级真题及答案【完整版】，仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过六级考试！温馨提⽰：“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。
” 2018年12⽉英语六级真题答案完整版：卷⼀写作 For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities。
You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
第⼀段：学术学习和课外活动同等重要 第⼆段：分析重要性的原因。
第三段：得出结论。
It is generally agreed that academic study has been playing a crucial role in students’ life。
Nevertheless， we should not neglect the equal importance of extracurricular activities which can help us to build confidence and enhance overall abilities。
A number of factors might account for participating in both academic study and extracurricular activities。
With respect to academic study， one of the most common factors is to facilitate our academic competence。
2018年12月六级真题(第二套)
2018年12月六级考试真题（第二套）为了让大家更好地模拟真实考场，文都网校四六级完全按照真题卷面顺序排版了本套真题，Part I写作部分被放在了试卷的最后一页，与听力部分完全隔开，请大家在备考过程中提早适应卷面顺序！Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through thecentre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.B)It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.C)It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.D)It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.2.A)Stories about some female physicists.B)Physicists’contribution to humanity.C)Historical evolution of modern physics.D)Women’s changing attitudes to physics.3.A)By telling anecdotes about famous professors.B)By including lots of fascinating knowledge.C)By describing her own life experiences.D)By exposing a lot of myths in physics.4.A)It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B)It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C)It provides experiments they can do themselves.D)It demonstrates how they can become physicists.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.B)He does not understand the professor’s instructions.C)He does not know what kind of topic to write on.D)He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.6.A)It is challenging.C)It is too broad.B)It is interesting.D)It is a bit outdated.7.A)Biography.C)Beauty.B)Philosophy.D)Nature.8.A)List the parameters first.C)Develop his reading ability.B)Stick to the topic assigned.D)Improve his cumulative grade.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once.After you heara question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B)The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.C)The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.D)The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10.A)It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.B)It typically appears about once every ten years.C)It will pose a serious threat to many species.D)It has created a totally new climate pattern.11.A)Extinction of Arctic wildlife.C)Iceless summers in the Arctic.B)Emigration of indigenous people.D)Better understanding of ecosystems. Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)A good start.C)A scientific approach.B)A detailed plan.D)A strong determination.13.A)Most people get energized after a sufficient test.B)It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.C)It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.D)Most people tend to have a finite source of energy.14.A)They found it easier to focus on work at hand.B)They held more positive attitudes toward life.C)They could do more challenging tasks.D)They could keep on working longer.15.A)They are subject to change.C)They are related to culture.B)They are beyond control.D)They are part of their nature.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.B)The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C)Machine learning would prove disruptive by2013.D)About half of current jobs might be automated.17.A)They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.B)They could read as many as10,000essays in a single minute.C)They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.D)They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.18.A)It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.B)It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.C)It does poorly on frequent,high-volume tasks.D)It needs instructions throughout the process.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)The generation of steam with the latest technology.B)The importance of exploring new energy sources.C)The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.D)The engineering problems with solar power.20.A)Cut down the city’s energy consumption.B)Build a new ten-kilometre railway line.C)Upgrade the city’s train facilities.D)Drive trains with solar energy.21.A)Collect carbon dioxide gas.C)Find a new material for storing energy.B)Recover super-heated steam.D)Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide. Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A)The lack of supervision by both the national and local governments.B)The poor relation between national health and social care services.C)The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.D)The poor management of day centres and home help services.23.A)It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B)It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.C)It mainly caters to the needs of the privileged.D)It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24.A)More of them suffering serious illnesses.C)Fewer home helpers available.B)Their preference for private services.D)Their longer lifespans.25.A)They have contributed a great deal to society.B)They are vulnerable to illnesses and diseases.C)They have long been discriminated against.D)They are unable to pay for health services.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet2with a single linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Just off the coast of Southern California sits Santa Cruz Island,where a magical creature called the island fox26.A decade ago,this island’s ecosystem was in27.Wild pigs attracted golden eagles from the mainland,and those flying28crashed the fox population.So the Nature Conservancy launched a29war against the pigs,complete with helicopters and sharp shooters.And it worked.Today,federal agencies are pulling the island fox from the Endangered Species List.It’s the fastest-ever recovery of a mammal,joining peers like the Louisiana black bear as glowing successes in the history of the Endangered Species Act.But the recovery of Santa Cruz Island isn’t just about the fox.The Nature Conservancy has30war on a multitude of invasive species here,from sheep to plants to the31Argentine ant.“Our philosophy with the island has always been,‘OK,32the threats and let the island go back to what it was,’”says ecologist Christina Boser.And it appears to be working.Native plants are coming back,and the fox once again bounds about carefree.But keeping those foxes from harm will occupy Boser and her colleagues for years to come.You see, humans are still allowed on Santa Cruz Island,and they bring dogs.So Boser has to vaccinate her foxes against various diseases.“We’re obligated to keep a pulse on the population for at least five years after theI)hinders J)mammal K)monitoring L)predators M)remove N)tempt O)underlyingA)aggressiveB)chaosC)configurationD)declaredE)dedicatedF)dwellsG)extinctionH)fierce foxes are delisted,”says Boser.That includes tagging the foxes and 33their numbers to ensure nothing goes wrong.This is the story of the little fox that has come back,and the people who have 34their lives to protecting it.This is the story of wildlife conservation in the age of mass 35.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each state-ment contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answersheet 2.Do Parents Invade Children’s Privacy When They Post Photos Online?[A]When Katlyn Burbidge’s son was 6years old,he was performing some ridiculous song and dancetypical of a first-grader.But after she snapped a photo and started using her phone,he asked her a serious question:“Are you going to post that online?”She laughed and answered,“Yes,I think I will.”What he said next stopped her.“Can you not?”[B]That’s when it dawned on her:She had been posting photos of him online without asking his permission.“We’re big advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him to hug or kiss people unless he wants to,but it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online,”says Burbidge,a mom of two in Wakefield,Massachusetts,“Now when I post a photo of him online,I show him the photo and get his okay.”[C]When her 8-month-old is 3or 4years old,she plans to start asking him in an age-appropriate way,“Doyou want other people to see this?”That’s precisely the approach that two researchers advocated before a room of pediatrician （儿科医生）last week at the American Academy of Pediatrics meeting,when they discussed the 21st century challenge of “sharenting,”a new term for parents’online sharing about their children.“As advocates of children’s rights,we believe that children should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible,”says Stacey Steinberg,a legal skills professor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law in Gainesville.[D]Whether it’s ensuring that your child isn’t bullied over something you post,that their identity isn’tdigitally “kidnapped”,or that their photos don’t end up on a half dozen child pornography （色情）sites,as one Australian mom discovered,parents and pediatricians are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting children’s digital presence.Steinberg and Bahareh Keith,an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine,say most children will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share,but a tension still exists between parents’rights to share theirexperiences and their children’s rights to privacy.[E]“We’re in no way trying to silence parents’voices,”Steinberg says.“At the same time,we recognize thatchildren might have an interest in entering adulthood free to create their own digital footprint.”They cited a study presented earlier this year of249pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share.“The parents said,‘We don’t need rules—we’re fine,’and the children said,‘Our parents need rules,’”Keith says.“The children wanted autonomy about this issue and were worried about their parents sharing information about them.”[F]Although the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines recommending that parents model appro-priate social media use for their children,it does not explicitly discuss oversharing by parents.“I think this is a very legitimate concern,and I appreciate their drawing our attention to it,”David Hill,a father of five,says.He sees a role for pediatricians to talk with parents about this,but believes the messaging must extend far beyond pediatricians’offices.“I look forward to seeing researchers expand our understanding of the issue so we can translate it into effective education and policy,”he says.[G]There’s been little research on the topic,Steinberg wrote in a law article about this issue.While statescould pass laws related to sharing information about children online,Steinberg feels parents themselves are generally best suited to make these decisions for their families.“While we didn’t want to create any unnecessary panic,we did find some concerns that were troublesome,and we thought that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks,”Steinberg says.They include photosrepurposed for inappropriate or illegal means,identity theft,embarrassment,bullying by peers or digital kidnapping.[H]But that’s the negative side,with risks that must be balanced against the benefits of sharing.Steinbergpointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build communities,connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children’s only voice.[I]A C.S.Mott survey found among the56percent of mothers and34percent of fathers who discussedparenting on social media,72percent of them said sharing made them feel less alone,and nearly as many said sharing helped them worry less and gave them advice from other parents.The most common topics they discussed included kids’sleep,nutrition,discipline,behavior problems and day care and preschool. [J]“There’s this peer-to-peer nature of health care these days with a profound opportunity for parents to learn helpful tips,safety and prevention efforts,pro-vaccine messages and all kinds of other messages from other parents in their social communities,”says Wendy Sue Swanson,a pediatrician and executive director of digital health at Seattle Children’s Hospital,where she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents.“They’re getting nurtured by people they’ve already selected that they trust,”she says.[K]“How do we weigh the risks,how do we think about the benefits,and how do we alleviate the risks?”she says.“Those are the questions we need to ask ourselves,and everyone can have a different answer.”[L]Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all.Bridget O’Hanlon and her husband,who live in Cleveland,decided before their daughter was born that they would not post her photos online.When a few family members did post pictures,O’Hanlon and her husband made their wishes clear.“It’s been hard not to share pictures of her because people always want to know how babies and toddlers（学走路的孩子）are doing and to see pictures,but we made the decision to have social media while she didnot,”O’Hanlon said.Similarly,Alison Jamison of New York decided with her husband that their child had a right to their own online identity.They did use an invitation-only photo sharing platform so that friends and family,including those far away,could see the photos,but they stood firm,simply refusing to put their child’s photos on other social media platforms.[M]“For most families,it’s a journey.Sometimes it goes wrong,but most of the time it doesn’t,”says Swanson,who recommends starting to ask children permission to post narratives or photos around ages6 to8.“We’ll learn more and more what our tolerance is.We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what’s okay and what’s not.”[N]Indeed,that learning process goes both ways.Bria Dunham,a mother in Somerville,Massachusetts,was so excited to watch a moment of brotherly bonding while her first-grader and baby took a bath together that she snapped a few photos.But when she considered posting them online,she took the perspective of her son:How would he feel if his classmates’parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub?“Itmade me think about how I’m teaching him to have ownership of his own body and how what is shared today endures into the future,”Dunham says.“So I kept the pictures to myself and accepted this as one more step in supporting his increasing autonomy.”36.Steinberg argued parental sharing online can be beneficial.37.According to an expert,when children reach school age,they can help their parents learn what can andcannot be done.38.One mother refrained from posting her son’s photos online when she considered the matter from her son’sperspective.39.According to a study,more children than parents think there should be rules on parents’sharing.40.Katlyn Burbidge had never realized she had to ask her son’s approval to put his photos online.41.A mother decided not to post her son’s photo online when he asked her not to.42.A woman pediatrician tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting experience.43.There are people who decide simply not to share their children’s photos online.44.Parents and physicians should realize sharing information online about children may involve risks.45.Parents who share their parenting experiences may find themselves intruding into their children’sprivacy.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops,dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds,mercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate.One prime example is one of Australia’s most isolated cattle stations, Suplejack Downs in the Northern Territory,extending across4,000square kilometers,taking over13hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—Alice Springs.The extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattended,and monitored only once or twice a year,which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance,it can be a long time for farmers to discover.However,robots are coming to the rescue.Robots are currently under a two-year trial in Wales which will train‘farmbots’to herd,monitor the health of livestock,and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on.The robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment,cattle and food,using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature.“You’ve also got color,texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,”says Salah Sukkarieh of the University of Sydney,who will carry out trials on several farms in central New South Wales.During the trials,the robot algorithms（算法）and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees,mud,swamps,and hills.“We want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,”says Sukkarieh.The robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock.They have been created to count individual fruit,inspect crops,and even pull weeds.Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side.The robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages,and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot,as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms.Of course,some worry lies in replacing agricultural workers.However,it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies,making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations.The robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways,from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit.Future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently.46.What may farmers be able to do with robots appearing on the farming scene?A)Upgrade farm produce.C)Modify the genes of crops.B)Enjoy more leisure hours.D)Cut down farming costs.47.What will‘farmbots’be expected to do?A)Take up many of the farmers’routines.B)Provide medical treatments for livestock.C)Lead the trend in farming the world over.D)Improve the quality of pastures for grazing.48.What can robots do when equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms?A)Help farmers choose the most efficient and safest passages.B)Help farmers simplify their farming tasks and management.C)Allow farmers to learn instantly what is occurring on the farm.D)Allow farmers to give them real-time instructions on what to do.49.Why are farmers pressing for robotic farming?A)Farming costs are fast increasing.C)Robotic farming is the trend.B)Robotics technology is maturing.D)Labor shortage is worsening.50.What does the author think future farms will be like?A)More and more automated.C)Larger and larger in scale.B)More and more productive.D)Better and better in condition.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions.Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change,where a variety of factors,not the least of which is a breakdown in the transmission of fundamental climate data to the general public has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research.The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it)can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation,science policy and research funding.However,the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change.It is also critical for socially charged neuroscience issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior,the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases,or the use of animal models,areas where the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions.Furthermore,with continuing advances in individual genome（基因组）sequencing and the advent of personalized medicine,more non-scientists will need to be comfortable analyzing complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public.Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient transmission of scientific advances to the public.Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience,while adhering to scientific accuracy.Unfortunately,pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material to the point that the basic information conveyed is obscured or at worst,obviously wrong.The impact of a basic discovery on human health can be exaggerated so that the public thinks a miraculous cure is a few months to years away when in reality the significance of the study is far more limited.Even though scientists play a part in transmitting information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists.We believe that atleast part of the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media, and exists because for one thing we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences,and for another most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.51.What does the example of climate change serve to show?A)The importance of climate data is increasingly recognized.B)Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research.C)Government regulation helps the public understand science.D)Common folks’scientific knowledge can sway policy making.52.What should non-scientists do to ensure their quality of life?A)Seek personalized medical assistance from doctors.B)Acquire a basic understanding of medical science.C)Have their individual genome sequenced.D)Make informed use of animal models.53.Why is it important for scientists to build a good relationship with the media?A)It helps them to effectively popularize new scientific information.B)It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science.C)It helps them to establish a more positive public image.D)It enables them to apply their findings to public health.54.What does the author say is the problem with science journalism?A)It is keen on transmitting sensational information.B)It tends to oversimplify people’s health problems.C)It may give inaccurate or distorted information to the public.D)It may provide information open to different interpretations.55.What should scientists do to impart their latest findings to the public more effectively?A)Give training to science journalists.C)Seek timely assistance from the media.B)Stimulate public interest in science.D)Improve their communication skills.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。
2018年12月大学英语六级真题(第二套)
2018年12月大学英语六级真题（第二套）(总分：710.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：106.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Work is a means of livelihood for most people, while personal interests often add spice to one's life. Both are beyond dispute indispensable for leading a fulfilling life. But it is far from easy to achieve a trade-off between them.It requires, above all, full and proper use of work time. More exactly, people should follow their work plans and make a concentrated effort to complete their assignments. Being productive at work, in fact, not only benefits your career development, but also saves you plenty of time and energy to explore private interests. Once you find your favorite pastimes, try to make them part of your life, lest you idle such hard-won free time away. Movie fans, for example, can spend one hour or more watching films each weeknight and share their comments via social media on weekends.A better approach, of course, is to seek a job or start a business closely related to one's hobbies, though it is less practical for most people. But at any rate, it is inadvisable to be distracted by personal interests at work or to be a workaholic.)解析：二、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Section A(总题数：2，分数：56.80)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.Stop worrying about him.B.Keep away from the statue.C.Take a picture of him. √D.Put on a smile for the photo.解析：听力原文：Conversation One对话 1M: Do you mind taking my photo with the statueover there? I think it will mak e a great shot.男：能不能帮我和那边的雕像照张相？我觉得这会是一个很棒的照片。
(完整word)2018年12月6级真题第二套
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes）Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter。
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator; it also hurts students who’re already struggling to 26 the material. A new study from Michigan State University， though, argues that all students—including high achievers-see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers 27 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第2套)
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the groundC) A rescue worker got trapped in the basementD) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British people’s negative view of mathsC) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculationsD) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his companyB) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised himD) They were surprised to see him.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.B) It didn't need much capital to start withC) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.D) They saw a business opportunity there.9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable pricesB) Attract foreign investment to expand businessC) Enlarge their company by hiring more workersD) Open some more branch companies in Germany.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They are imported from Germany.C) They all come from Romania.D) They come from all over the continent.11. A) All across Europe.B) Throughout the world.C) Mostly in BucharestD) In Romania onlyQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.B) Try out a new restaurant together in townC) Go with him to choose a pearl for SusanD) Attend the opening of a local restaurant13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurantsB) It specializes in food advertisingC) It is especially popular with the youngD) It provides information on local events14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.B) They treat themselves to various entertainmentsC) They go to eat at different stylish restaurantsD) They participate in a variety of social event15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetablesB) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedlyC) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for theD) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17. A) They were disliked most by children.B) They were considered most nutritious.C) They were least used in Belgian cookingD) They were essential to children’s health.18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.B) Children’s eating habits can be changedC) Parents watch closely what children eat.D) Children’s choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Space exploration has serious consequencesB) India has many space exploration programs.C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.20. A) It is costly to bring back.B) It is risky to destroyC) It is of no use on Earth.D) It is damaged by radiation.21. A) Record details of space exploration.B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materialsD) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.B) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging appsC) It will gradually be replaced by social media.D) It will have to be governed by specific rules23. A) Save the message in their file.B) Make a timely response.C) Examine the information carefully.D) See if any action needs to be taken.24. A) It is to be passed onC) It requires no reply.B) It is mostly junkD) It causes no concern.25. A) Make it as short as possibleC) Adopt an informal style of writingB) Use simple and clear languageD) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended with a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different 26I tried, I still couldn’t get rid of the cough. Not only did it 27my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and 28traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders; I was 29about it because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much 30that I couldn’t sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scrapping (刮) treatment known as ‘Gua Sha’. I was a little 32at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to 34deeper into relaxation.I didn’t feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35. then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepen E) lessen I) remedies M) temporaryB) experiences F) licenses J) scared N) trembleC) hesitant G) pressured K) sensitive O) worseD) inconvenience H) recommended L) sinkSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it really OK to eat food that’s fallen on the floor?[A] When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a fewseconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.[B] While the “five-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.[C] So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.[D] Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were along in the kitchen, their guests would never know.[E] In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pain, saying. “But you can always pick it up and if you’re alone in the kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the misremembered story persists. It’s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.[F] So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in are search apprenticeship at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues inoculated floor tiles with bacteria then placed food on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tile to gummy bears and cookies within five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tile to the food.[G] But how much bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study–the only peer-reviewed journal paper on this topic–in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we inoculated squares of tile, carpet or wood with Salmonella. Five minutes after that, we placed either bologna or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the amount of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact protocol after the bacteria had been on the surface for two, four, eight and 24 hours.[H] We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn’t depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall amount of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial inoculation. It looks like what’s at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.[I] We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When carpet was inoculated with Salmonella, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48%-70%of bacteria transferred. [J] Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters （参数）to our study and found similar results testing contact times of three and 30 seconds on similar surfaces. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor.[K] Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.[L] And it’s not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various “media,” which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria has been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing. Hands, foods and utensils can carry individual bacterial cells, colonies of cells or cells living in communities contained within a protective film that provide protection. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own. [M] So the next time you consider eating dropped food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat that morsel and not get sick. But in the rare chance that here is a microorganism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.[N] Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is to keep your hands and other surfaces clean.36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. The author’s research center around how food gets contaminated.41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45. Researcher found how many bacteria get onto the food did not have much to dowith how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（借物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding of how the physical world worksIn a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled（发出响声）, others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn’t.It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected.“Cats use a causal-logical understanding of nose or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,” lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what’s called “preferential looking”--looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.When babies’ expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America’s most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they’ve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47. What may account for the cat's response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.B) Their unusual sense of direction.C) Their special ability to perceive.D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts. C) They wait some time before attack.B) They rely mainly on their hearing. D) They use both their ears and eyes.49. In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd.B) They view the world as normal.C) They do what some time they prefer to do.D) They are curious about everything.50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinary high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work. .Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us 15. 3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say yes and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U. S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually- or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being eletric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non- renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U. S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3. 5 million professional truck drivers in the U. S.The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized wayB) It would save local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobilityB) They would suffer no road accidents.C) They would have no trouble driving.D) They could go anywhere they want.53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D) Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?答：B,A) Political dissatisfaction.B) Retaining of employees.C) Fossil fuel conservation.D) Business restructuring.55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A) Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。
卓顶精文2018年12月英语六级真题第二套及答案
二PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispartyyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabouttheimpactofthei nformationexplosionbyreferringtothesaying"Awealthofinformationcreatesapovertyof attention.Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyoucandotoav oidbeingdistractedbyirrelevantinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomor ethan200words.1.A)Laborproblems.B)Weatherconditions.C)Anerrorintheorder.D)Misplacingofgoods.2.A)Whatthewomansaysmakesalotofsense.B)Therichareopposedtosocialwelfare.C)Heissympatheticwithpoorpeople.D)HeagreeswithMr.Johnson'sviews.3.A)Hewillbepracticingsoccer.B)Hehasworktofinishintime.C)Hewillbeattendingameeting.D)Hehasatoughproblemtosolve.4.A)Maryshouldgetridofherpetassoonaspossible.B)Marywillnotbeabletokeepadoginthebuilding.C)Maryisnothappywiththebanonpetanimals.D)Marymightaswellsendherdogtoherrelative.5.A)Thetwins'voicesarequitedifferent.B)LisaandGalearenotverymuchalike.C)Hedoesnotbelievetheyaretwinsisters.D)Thewomanseemsabithardofhearing.6.A)TheseriouseconomiccrisisinBritain.B)ApackagedealtobesignedinNovember.C)Amessagefromtheirbusinessassociates.D)Theirabilitytodealwithfinancialproblems.7.A)Itisimpossibletoremovethestaincompletely.B)Themanwillbechargedextrafortheservice.C)Themanhastogotothemaincleaningfacility.D)Cleaningthepantswilltakelongerthanusual.8.A)Europeanmarkets.B)Aprotestrally.C)Luxurygoods.D)Importedproducts.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Hemadeabusinesstrip.B)HehadaquarrelwithMarsha.C)Hetalkedtoheronthephone.D)Heresolvedabudgetproblem.10.A)Shemayhavetobefiredforpoorperformance.B)Shehasdevelopedsomeseriousmentalproblem.C)Sheisinchargeofthefirm'sbudgetplanning.D)Shesupervisesanumberofimportantprojects.11.A)Shefailedtoarriveattheairportontime.B)Davidpromisedtogoonthetripinherplace.C)Somethingunexpectedhappenedatherhome.D)Shewasnotfeelingherselfonthatday.12.A)Hefrequentlygetsthingsmixedup.B)HeisalwaysfindingfaultwithMarsha.C)HehasbeentryinghardtocoverforMarsha.D)Heoftenfailstofollowthroughonhisprojects.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theyarebettershelteredfromalltheoutsidetemptations.B)Theyareusuallymoremotivatedtocompetewiththeirpeers.C)Theyhavemoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirleadershipskills.D)Theytakeanactivepartinmoreextracurricularactivities.14.A)Itschiefpositionsareheldbywomen.B)Itsteachingstaffconsistsofwomenonly.C)Itsstudentsaimatmanagerialposts.D)Itsstudentsarerolemodelsofwomen.15.A)Itisunderadequatecontrol.B)Itistraditionalbutcolourful.C)Theyaremoreorlessisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.D)Theyhaveampleopportunitiestomeettheoppositesex. PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.16.A)Byinvadingthepersonalspaceoflisteners.B)Bymakinggesturesatstrategicpoints.C)Byspeakinginadeep,loudvoice.D)Byspeakingwiththelocalaccent.17.A)Topromotesportsmanshipamongbusinessowners.B)Toencouragepeopletosupportlocalsportsgroups.C)Toraisemoneyforaforthcominglocalsportsevent.D)Toshowhisfamily'scontributiontothecommunity.18.A)Theyareknowntobethestyleofthesportsworld.B)Theywouldcertainlyappealtohisaudience.C)Theyrepresentthelatestfashioninthebusinesscircles.D)Theyarebelievedtocommunicatepowerandinfluence.19.A)Tocoveruphisownnervousness.B)Tocreateawarmpersonalatmosphere.C)Toenhancetheeffectofbackgroundmusic.D)Toallowtheaudiencetobetterenjoyhisslides.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)ShewasthefirsteducatedslaveofJohnWheatley's.B)ShewasthegreatestfemalepoetinColonialAmerica.C)ShewasbornaboutthetimeoftheWarofIndependence.D)ShewasthefirstAfrican-Americanslavetopublishabook.21.A)Reviseinanumberoftimes.B)Obtainconsentfromherowner.C)Gothroughascholarlyexamination.D)Turntothecolonialgovernorforhelp.22.A)Literaryworkscallingfortheabolitionofslavery.B)ReligiousscriptspopularamongslavesinAmerica.C)Arichstockofmanuscriptsleftbyhistoricalfigures.D)LotsoflostworkswrittenbyAfrican-Americanwomen.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itisatraitofgenerouscharacter.B)Itisareflectionofself-esteem.C)Itisanindicatorofhighintelligence.D)Itisasignofhappinessandconfidence.{d}24.A)Itwasself-defeating.B)Itwasaggressive.C)Itwastheessenceofcomedy.D)Itwassomethingadmirable.25.A)Itisadouble-edgedsword.B)Itisafeatureofagivenculture.C)Itisauniquegiftofhumanbeings.D)Itisaresultofbothnatureandnurture.Itisimportantthatwebemindfuloftheearth,theplanetoutofwhichwearebornandbywhichwe arenourished,guided,healed-theplanet,however,whichwehave(26)______toaconsiderabledegreeinthesepasttwocentu riesof(27)______exploitation.Thisexploitationhasreachedsuch(28)______thatpresen tlyitappearsthatsomehundredsofthousandsofspecieswillbe(29)______beforetheendoft hecentury.Inourtimes,humanshrewdnesshasmasteredthedeep(30)______oftheearthatalevelfarbeyo ndthecapacitiesofearlierpeoples.Wecanbreakthemountainsapart;wecandraintherivers andfloodthevalleys.Wecanturnthemostluxuriantforestsintothrowawaypaperproducts.W ecan(31)______thegreatgrasscoverofthewesternplainsandpour(32)______chemicalsint othesoiluntilthesoilisdeadandblowsawayinthewind.Wecanpollutetheairwithacids,the riverswithsewage(污水),theseaswithoil.Wecaninventcomputers(33)______processingtenmillioncalculatio nspersecond.Andwhy"?Toincreasethevolumeandthespeedwithwhichwemovenaturalresourc esthroughtheconsumereconomytothejunkpileorthewasteheap.Ourmanagerialskillsareme asuredbythecompetence(34)______inacceleratingthisprocess.Ifintheseactivitiesthe physicalfeaturesoftheplanetaredamaged,iftheenvironmentismadeinhospitablefor(35) ______livingspecies,thensobeit.Weare,supposedly,creatingatechnologicalwonderwor ld.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Quiteoften,educatorstellfamiliesofchildrenwhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguag etospeakonlyEnglish,andnottheirnativelanguage,athome.Althoughtheseeducatorsmayh avegood(36)______theiradvicetofamiliesismisguided,andit(37)______frommisunderst catorsmayfearthatchildrenhearing twolanguageswillbecome(38)______confusedandthustheirlanguagedevelopmentwillbe(3 9)______;thisconcernisnotdocumentedintheliterature.Childrenarecapableoflearning morethanonelanguage,whether(40)______orsequentially(依次的).Infact,mostchildrenoutsideoftheUnitedStatesareexpectedtobecomebilingualorev en,inmanycases,multilingual.Globally,knowingmorethanonelanguageisviewedasan(41) ______andevenanecessityinmanyareas. ItisalsoofconcernthatthemisguidedadvicethatstudentsshouldspeakonlyEnglishisgive nprimarilytopoorfamilieswithlimitededucationalopportunities,nottowealthierfamil ieswhohavemanyeducationaladvantages.Sincechildrenfrompoorfamiliesoftenare(42)__ ____asat-riskforacademicfailure,teachersbelievethatadvisingfamiliestospeakEnglishonlyisa ppropriate.Teachersconsiderlearningtwolanguagestobetoo(43)______forchildrenfrom。
2018年12月六级真题试卷答案(完整版)
2018年12月六级真题试卷答案（完整版）来源：文都教育Part I Writing【平衡工作和娱乐——参考范文】There is a hot discussionabout how to balance work and leisure. Against a backdrop of an era characterized by opportunity and challenges, more and more people put focus on their job and ignore the importance of entertainment. To make our work more efficient and live a healthier life, as far as I am concerned, they are relative and should be balanced well.矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔。
The skill to balance study and work contributes directly to enhancing our work performance, if one wants to achieve his target or intends to fulfill his ambition, he will have to possess the scientific attitude toward the balance of work and leisure, otherwise he will not achieve any success. Additionally, when we spend much of our time on working, both of our physical and mental condition would be in a depressing state, which means we need proper leisure to refresh our spirit.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測。
2018年12月英语六级考试真题及答案
2018年12月英语六级考试真题及答案2018年12月英语六级考试作文真题及答案：卷一For this part，you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities。
You should write at least 150words but no more than200words。
第一段：学术学习和课外活动同等重要第二段：分析重要性的原因。
第三段：得出结论。
It is generally agreed that academic study has been playing a crucial role in students’life。
Nevertheless，we should not neglect the equal importance of extracurricular activities which can help us to build confidence and enhance overall abilities。
A number of factors might account for participating in both academic study and extracurricular activities。
With respect to academic study，one of the most common factors is to facilitate our academic competence。
There’s no doubt that study is the priority to students，and the academic performance，to a large extent，determines whether we can enter a prestigious schooland get a decent job。
2018年12月英语六级考试真题及答案汇总（三套全）
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2018年12月英语六级考试真题及答案汇总（三套全）
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2018年12月英语六级考试作文真题及答案卷一
2018年12月英语六级考试作文真题及答案卷二
2018年12月大学英语六级真题解析(仔细阅读卷二)
2018年12月份大学英语六级仔细阅读译文及详细解析（卷二）Section CPassage One全文翻译及命题分析也许是时候让农场主们歇歇脚了，因为机器人正被用来监测庄稼生长、拔除杂草，甚至放牧。
商业种植面积及其广袤，需要数千工时来耕作。
澳大利亚最偏远的苏坡杰克·唐斯（Suplejack Downs）牛场就是一个典型的例子。
它位于北部地区，绵延4000平方公里，距离最近的主要城市艾丽丝泉（Alice Springs）逾13个小时车程。
这些大规模农场极度偏远，往往无人照料，每年只能监测一两次，这意味着如果牲畜生病或需要援助，农场主可能需要很长时间才能发现。
然而，机器人正前来救援。
机器人目前正在威尔士进行为期两年的试验，该试验将训练“农场机器人”放牧，监测牲畜的健康，并确保有足够的牧场供它们放牧。
这些机器人配备了许多传感器来识别环境、牛群以及食物的状况，使用热传感器和视觉传感器来探测体温的变化。
悉尼大学的萨拉·苏卡黎(Salah Sukarieh)将在新南威尔士州中部的几个农场进行试验，他说：“你还可以用颜色、质地和形状传感器检测地面上的牧草质量。
”在试验期间，将对机器人的算法和技术性细节进行微调，使其更适合生病的牲畜，并确保它能够安全地绕过树木、淤泥、沼泽和丘陵等潜在障碍区。
苏卡黎说:“我们希望改善牲畜的健康品质，并让农场主更容易维护牲畜在广阔的草场上信步由缰的壮观景象。
”机器人并不局限于放牧和监控牲畜，他们还被用来统计单果数量，检查农作物，甚至拔除杂草。
许多机器人配备有高科技传感器和复杂的学习算法，以避免它们在与人类并肩工作时伤害人类。
机器人还知晓最高效、最安全的通行方式，使工程师和农场主能够分析和更好地优化机器人的属性和任务，并提供现场直播，实时反馈农场上正在发生的事情。
当然，农业工人担心其岗位被取代。
然而，由于劳动力空缺的不断加剧，大规模生产难以维持，正是农场主们在力推技术进步。
2018年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套
2018年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. C) He was collecting building materials.B) He once served in a fire department. D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Chang e British people’s negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.B) He is learning to be a pilot. D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his company. C) They rarely recognised him.B) They liked him in his uniform. D)They were surprised to see him.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.B) It didn’t need much capital to start with.C) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.D) They saw a business opportunity there.9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.B) Attract foreign investment to expand business.C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.D) Open some more branch companies in Germany.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They are imported from Germany.C) They all come from all Romania.D) They come from all over the continent11. A) All across Europe.B) Throughout the world.C) Mostly in Bucharest.D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend. C) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.B) Try out a new restaurant together in town. D) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurants. C) It is especially popular with the young.B) It specializes in food advertizing. D) It provides information on local events.14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.B) They treat themselves to various entertainments.C) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D) They participate in a variety of social events.15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant WeekD) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17. A) They were disliked most by children. C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.B) They were considered most nutritious. D) They were essential to children’s health.18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value. C) Parents watch closely what children eat.B) Children’s eating habits can be changed.D) Children’s choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.。
2018年12月英语六级考试真题及答案第2套
2018年12月英语六级考试真题及答案(完整版第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal InterestsIn today's highly competitive environment, the heavy workload makes people out of breath and leaves them no time for their hobbies. Therefore, learning to balance job responsibilities and personal interests is of great significance for modern people. Here are some suggestions which can help us achieve the balance. In the first place, we should be aware that although work duties are our first priority, it doesn't mean that we cannot explore personal interests. Secondly, it's important to realize that beneficial activities off work help us get relaxed. We can transfer our focus from busy work by reading an interesting book or listening to music, thereby getting our intense nerves calm down. What's more, find enough time to develop our hobbies by finishing the task on time. We should arrange our time reasonably and complete our daily work efficiently, which will give us more freedom to allocate time to pursue personal interests.In sum, it is absolutely do-able to strike a balance between full-time work and personal hobbies as long as we realize the benefit of cultivating培养interests and the importance of reasonable time arrangement.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Stop worrying about him.B) Keep away from the statue.C) Take a picture拍照、照相of him.D) Pat on a smile for the photo.2. A) Gaining great fame名声、名望on the Internet.B) Publishing a collection of his photos.C) Collecting the best photos in the world.D) Becoming a professional photographer.3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.4. A) They are far from satisfactory.B) They are mostly taken by her mom.C) They make an impressive album.D) They record her fond memories.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.B) An introductory course of modem physics.C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6. A) The future of the physical world.B) The origin of the universe.C) Sources of radiation.D) Particle theory.7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter.B) Whether the universe will turn barren.C) Why there exists anti-matter.D) Why there is a universe at all8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language.B) She woke up speaking with a different accent.C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.D) She woke up finding herself in another country.10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke中风、行程or brain injury脑损伤.B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.D) It often happens to people with speech defects.11. A) British.B) Irish.C) Russian.D) Australian.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Water sports.B) Racing in rivers.C) Stories about women swimmers.D) Books about swimming.13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.B) She published a guide to London's best swimming spots.C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore.B) They had a unique notion of modesty.C) They were prohibited from swimming.D) They were fully dressed when swimming.15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel英吉利海峡.D) She was an advocate of women's right to swim in public pools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Build a machine that can detect侦查、发现lies谎言.B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner.C) Test the credibility of court evidence.D) Win people's complete trust in them.17. A) They are optimistic about its potential.B) They are sceptical of its reliability.C) They think it is but business promotion.D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.B) It does not sound economical.C) It may intrude into people's privacy.D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.C) More are found in tropical热带的regions than in the mild温和zones.D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one. ？21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.D) There is no conclusive决定性的account说明、解释for the cause of language diversity多样性、多元化.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Its middle-class中层阶级、中等的is disappearing消失.B) Its wealth is rationally distributed.C) Its population is rapidly growing.D) Its cherished dream is coming true.23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.C) A few dollars could go a long way.D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.24. A) Better working conditions.B) Better-paying jobs.C) High social status.D) Full employment.25. A) Reduce the administrative costs.B) Adopt effective business models.C) Hire part-time employees only.D) Make use of the latest technology.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator；it also hurts students who're already struggling to _F_26_ grasp_ the material. A new study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers _C_27_evaluated_ 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual_A_28_aptitude (天才、天资）_ Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at _E_29_filtering_ out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a _M_30_significant_ decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.College professors are increasingly _K_31_raising_ alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a _O_32_typical_ class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to _N_33_suffer_.Professors sometimes implement policies designed to _H_34_minimize_ students' use of digital devices, and world where people are increasingly some instructors even confiscate (没收）tablets and phones. In dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to _L_35_resist抵抗、抗拒_ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to straggle in their classes.A) aptitude B) eradication C) evaluated D) evaporated E) filtering F) grasp G) legacy H) minimize I) obscure J) obsess K) raising L) resist M) significant N) suffer O) typicalSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 YearsA) Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing a household and rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and entomologist (昆虫学家).B) "She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about," said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian's work. "She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was significant. "C) At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud. Theknowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.D) After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter nearly 5, 000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.E) In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientific criticism. Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women's roles in 18th- and 19th- century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten. "It was kind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）," said Dr. Etheridge. "Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it."F) Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists，historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）, talent and inspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.G) And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains 60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updated scientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects. "Then she got really serious," Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars. "She would sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (桶）so she could draw them," she said.H) The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used a magnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar (花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.I) It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but when Merian did it at the turn of the18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender of the person who painted it.J) "All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view," Dr. Etheridge said. But later, people of the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible. "She'd beencalled a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird," Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.K) In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time. "In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night, she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground to their young. And she wouldn't have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves to farm fungi (菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.L) Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridges with their bodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly lumped together army and leaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well: not every caterpillar and butterfly matched.M) Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after getting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. And errors are common among some of history's most- celebrated scientific minds, too. "These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well- known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton, " Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.N) Merian's paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing from his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. She received assistance naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Her daughters helped her color her drawings. O) Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname, as well as slaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wrote moving passages that included her helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, "The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves. "P) Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford University, called this passage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women's rights. "She was ahead of her time," Dr. Etheridge said.36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant. K37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her38. Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its39. Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuriesSection CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by trade) may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus (微积分）.It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet thereal-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirelyAndrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics."We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running rings around us," Hacker says. "I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people. . . not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical (航空的）engineer, fine. But most of us aren't."Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College：Numeracy 101. There, his students of "citizen statistics" learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder."Make mathematics more available," Droujkova says. "Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences. "Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of "fake math"一an emphasis on rote memorization (死记硬背）of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical."I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it," Hacker says. "All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus. "46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans？A) They struggle to solve math problems.B) They think math is a complex subject.C) They find high-level math of little use.D) They work hard to learn high-level math.47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker？A) America is not doing as well as China.B) Math professors are not doing a good job.C) It doesn't help students develop their literacy.D) There has hardly been any innovation for years.48. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do？A) Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.B) Enable students to make practical use of basic math.C) Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.D) Help students to develop their analytical abilities.49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class？A) Make complex concepts easy to understand.B) Start teaching children math at an early age.C) Help children work wonders with calculus.D) Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education？A) To enable learners to understand the world better.B) To help learners to tell fake math from real math.C) To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.D) To exert influence on world development.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So what's the solution Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a "consistently positive attitude" about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having it around."It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.51. What does the author say about Japan？A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio？A) It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.。
2018年12月英语四级考试真题试卷 (完整版 第2套)
Part I. Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2.A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British people's negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4.A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7.A) They enjoyed his company.B) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised him.D) They were surprised to see him.Section B ConversationDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations。
2018年12月大学英语六级真题试卷(二)(题后含答案及解析)
2018年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests When it comes to the issue of how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests, the majority of people will be confused. Since both of them have a significant impact on our life, then how to strike a balance between the two. Here are my views. On the one hand, we should attach primary importance to job responsibilities, as our job can provide us regular income with which we can live the life we like. Besides, now that we’ve taken this job, we should regard it as our mission and be conscientious about it. On the other hand, important as it is, job is not everything of our life. It’ s also necessary for us to spend due time on our personal interests, so that we can take a rest from work. What’ s more, whether we can develop our personal interests also has a great effect on our life quality. All in all, it is high time that we placed great emphasis on the balance of job responsibilities and personal interests. We are supposed to ensure the time to develop our interests on the condition of finishing our job.解析：这是一篇议论文写作，话题是如何平衡工作责任与个人兴趣。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题1-3套及参考答案
大学英语六级考试2018年12月真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Stop worrying about him. C) Take a picture of him.B) Keep away from the statue. D) Put on a smile for the photo.2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet. C) Collecting the best photos in the world.B) Publishing a collection of his photos. D) Becoming a professional photographer.3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos. C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.B) Editing his pictures and posting them online. D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.4. A) They are far from satisfactory. C) They make an impressive album.B) They are mostly taken by her mom. D) They record her fond memories.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics. C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.B) An introductory course of modern physics. D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6. A) The future of the physical world. C) Sources of radiation.B) The origin of the universe. D) Particle theory.7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter. C) Why there exists anti-matter.B) Whether the universe will turn barren. D) Why there is a universe at all.8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language. C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.B) She woke up speaking with a different accent. D) She woke up finding herself in another country.10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury. C) It leaves thepatient with a distorted memory.B) It has not yet found any effective treatment. D) It often happens to people with speech defects.11. A) British. C) Russian.B) lrish. D) Australian.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Water sports. C) Stories about women swimmers.B) Racing in rivers. D) Books about swimming.13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.B) She published a guide to London’s best swimming spots.C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore. C) They were prohibited from swimming.B) They had a unique notion of modesty. D) They were fully dressed when swimming.15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.D) She was an advocate of women’s right to swim in public pools.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies. C) Test the credibility of court evidence.B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner. D) Win people’s complete trust in them.17. A) They are optimistic about its potential. C) They think it is but business promotion.B) They are sceptical of its reliability. D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.18. A) It is not to be trusted at all. C) It may intrude into people’s privacy.B) It does not sound economical. D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Its middle-class is disappearing. C) Its population is rapidly growing.B) Its wealth is rationally distributed. D) Its cherished dream is coming true.23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.C) A few dollars could go a long way.D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.24. A) Better working conditions. C) High social status.B) Better-paying jobs. D) Full employment.25. A) Reduce the administrative costs. C) Hire part-time employees only.B) Adopt effective business models. D) Make use of the latest technology.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.In what’s probably the craziest headline I’ve ever written, I’ve reported that 26 in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who’re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that 27 would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been 28 and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.This idea is based on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human p opulations, which are expanding to the 30 of these protected areas.Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation. “If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana —and 31 —with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.”Lions are 32 ambush (埋伏) hunters, so when they feel their prey has 33 them, they usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are 34 testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in th e area, they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.A) advances I) otherwiseB) boundaries J) predatorsC) challenging K) primarilyD) currently L) retortedE) determine M) spottedF) devising N) testimoniesG) elsewhere O) wrestleH) neverthelessSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You EndureA) A s constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us getson a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.B) W hy should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) anddetermined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what itmeans to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.C) W e often take a militaristic, “tough” appro ach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, aboxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.D) T he very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research hasfound that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.E) And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the nightwrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics (工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned ab out work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”F) We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us tobegin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.G) T he misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate ahigh school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.H) A s Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in therecovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcom e your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.I) So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing apaper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exha usted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.J) If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 pape r: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.K) I f you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.L) In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.M) As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results havebeen fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music.And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increase s one’s work efficiency.39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s ac ademic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.“The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (注意力缺乏多动症) (ADHD), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes,” said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & S ciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.“This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said.“We are learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. “If we neglect any of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.”46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?A) The contributors to children’s early attention.B) The predictors of children’s academic success.C) The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being.D) The determinants of children’s development of social skills.47. How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?A) By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.B) By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.C) By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.D) By focusing on the family background of the children being studied.48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?A) Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.B) There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.D) Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.49. What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?A) They do better academically. C) They are teachers’ favorites.B) They are easy to get on with. D) They care less about grades.50. What can we conclude from the Duke study?A) Children’s success is related to their learning environment.B) School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.C) Social skills are playing a key role in children’s development.D) An all-round approach should be adopted in school education.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.On Jan 9, 2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone”—a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPho ne, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That’s because, for the first time in human history, a large propo rtion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment.Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditiona l approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression.Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.So here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.51. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?A) It has been overshadowed by the positive impact. C) It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.B) It has more often than not been taken for granted. D) It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.52. What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology?A) It systematically records real human interactions. C) It brings people into closer contact with each other.B) It helps people benefit from technological advances. D) It greatly improves research on human behavior.53. What characterizes traditional psychological research?A) It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.B) It relies on lab observations and participants’ reports.C) It makes use of the questionnaire method.D) It is often expensive and time-consuming.54. How will future psychological studies benefit individuals?A) By helping them pin down their unusual behaviors. C) By helping them live their lives in a unique way.B) By helping them maintain a positive state of mind. D) By helping them cope with abnormal situations.55. What do we learn about current psychological studies?A) They are going through a period of painful transition. C) They are conducted in a more rigorous manner.B) They are increasingly focused on real-life situations. D) They are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。
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2018年12月大学英语六级真题及详解（第二套）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.【审题构思】本题讨论的话题是“如何平衡工作责任与个人兴趣”，考生们需要对此发表个人观点。
考生需要从这两者的重要性的角度出发，讨论如何进行平衡，最后做出总结。
字数不少于150字，但不超过200字。
【参考范文】How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests With the rapid development of modern society, a mushrooming number of problems are arising, which deserves intensive public attention; (1) one of the most challenging problems is how to strike a balance between job responsibilities and personal interests. People cannot reach a consensus on the issue.It has been widely accepted that job responsibilities play a crucial role in our daily life, as we need to work diligently with these responsibilities to support our family. (2) However, if people spend too much time on work, their mental conditions possibly will suffer from some psychological diseases. The poor mental health of workers has become an issue urgently needed to be tackled in the presentsociety. In almost every aspect of our life we can find workers who suffer from physical or psychological problems. (3) Consequently, along with work responsibilities, people should also develop personal interests in their spare time. Meanwhile, it should be noted that people’s career can be severely affected if they overly concentrate on personal interests.(4) In conclusion, considering all the factors discussed above, people should focus on their responsibilities at work while developing individual interests in spare time.【行文点评】(1) 开头引出话题，指出当今社会的一大问题是如何平衡工作责任与业余爱好。
(2) 指出作者认为如果花过多时间在工作上，工作者的身心都有可能受到影响。
(3) 指出作者认为在专注于责任的同时，人们应该在业余时间发展个人爱好。
(4) 总结全文，再次点题并表明观点。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B, C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Stop worrying about him.B) Keep away from the statue.C) Take a picture of him.D) Put on a smile for the photo.2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.B) Publishing a collection of his photos.C) Collecting the best photos in the world.D) Becoming a professional photographer.3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.4. A) They are far from satisfactory.B) They are mostly taken by her mom.C) They make an impressive album.D) They record her fond memories.【答案与解析】1. C 根据录音开始部分可知：男人想让女人帮他和雕塑拍张照片，故选项C正确。
2. A 根据录音内容可知：男人的梦想是成为某类网络名人，故选A项“在网上获得声望”。
3. B 根据录音内容可知：男人最近花了很多时间编辑照片并发到网上。
故选B。
4. A 根据录音内容可知：女人拍的照片不是半笑不笑，就是闭了眼，要不就是头发很乱，故选A“这些照片难令人满意”。
【录音原文】M: [1] Do you mind taking my photo with the statue over there? I think it will makea great shot.W: Sure, no worries. You’re always taking photos. What do you do with all the photos you take?M: Well, don’t laugh. [2] My dream is to become an online celebrity of sorts. W: You are not serious, are you?M: I am, completely. I just got the idea a few months ago after posting some holiday photos on my social media accounts. A lot of people liked my photos and started asking me for travel tips. So I figured I’d give it a go. I post a lot on social media anyway. So I’ve got nothing to lose.W: I guess that’s true. So what do you have to do to become Internet famous? M: Surprisingly a lot more than I did as a hobby. [3] Recently, I’ve been spending a lot more time editing photos, posting online and clearing storage on my phone.It’s always full now.W: That doesn’t sound like too much work.M: Well, there’s more to it. I spent all last weekend researching what topics are popular, what words to use in captions and similar accounts to follow. It reallywas a lot to take in. And I was up well past midnight. I’d say it’s paying off though. I increased the number of people following my accounts by 15% already.W: That is impressive. I guess I never thought much about all the effort behind the scene. [4] Now that I think about it, there’s always something wrong with my photos as it is—half smiles, closed eyes, messy hair. I hope you have better luck than I do. Then again, I think the only person interested in my photos is my mom.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What does the man ask the woman to do?2. What does the man dream of?3. What has the man been busy doing recently?4. What does the woman say about her photos?Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.B) An introductory course of modem physics.C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6. A) The future of the physical world.B) The origin of the universe.C) Sources of radiation.D) Particle theory.7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter.B) Whether the universe will turn barren.C) Why there exists anti-matter.D) Why there is a universe at all.8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.【答案与解析】5. D 根据录音开头可知：Physics Today是一档专门采访杰出物理学家的节目。