外文翻译室内装潢设计
外文翻译----室内设计风格
外文翻译----室内设计风格with a nod to the past。
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intricate patterns。
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最全室内装修英语汇总
最全室内装修英语汇总素材综合网络Interior design – 室内设计Residential design—私家住宅设计Villa design (single family home design)—别墅设计Office design—办公室设计Commercial design— 非住宅设计（商务楼设计；写字楼设计；公共场所设计）Model home design—样板房设计Clubhouse interior design—会所室内设计furniture design—家具设计Foreign interior design— 外国室内设计Foreign interior designer —外国室内设计师Exterior design – 室外设计Landscape design – 景观设计Architecture design – 建筑设计PLAN — 设计方案Primary['praiməri] Design—初步设计baseplan – 基础建筑图Construction[kən'strʌkʃən] Design—施工图floor plan – 平面图elevation -立面图RCP = Reflected Ceiling Plan–天花吊顶设计electric plan = 电线走线图furniture plan – 家具布置平面图interior plant plan – 室内植物摆放图window schedule – 窗表door schedule – 门表Floor 地板地面Wood flooring 木地板Laminate flooring 强化复合地板Floor tiles 地砖Carpet flooring 地毯 rugsSkylights 天窗Front doors 前门Interior doors 室内门Screen doors 屏风Knobs 把手Fireplace 壁炉Soft furnishing design / soft decoration design 软装设计Function —功能区Living room 客厅Sitting room 起居室Family room 家庭室Dinning room 餐厅Kitchen 厨房Master bedroom 主卧房Quest bedroom 客卧Children bedroom 儿童房Dressing room 更衣室cloakroom 衣帽间Wash room /Laundry 洗衣房Shower bath 淋浴房Bathroom 卫生间Swimming pool 游泳池Basement 地下室Gym 健身房Wine Cellar 酒窖Home Theater 家庭影院Staircase 楼梯间Projection [prə'dʒekʃən] room 视听室Furniture — 家具（1）家具种类Wood furniture 木家具Frame-type furniture 框式家具Panel-type furniture 板式家具Combination (Unit)furniture 组合家具Solid wood furniture 实木家具Bend furniture 弯曲木家具Folding furniture 折叠家具Bedroom suite 卧房家具Drawing room suite 客厅家具Dining room suite 餐厅家具Kitchen furniture 厨房家具Hotel furniture 宾馆家具Modern panel furniture in knock-down 现代板式拆装家具（2）柜类大衣柜（橱）Wardrobe双门衣柜wardrobe2-door组合衣柜Combination wordrobe橱柜Cabinet五斗柜（橱）Chest of drawers床头柜 Bedstand / Bedside cabinet书柜 book case玻璃柜 Glass cabinet酒柜 Wine chest放鞋子的抽屉柜 Chest of drawers for shoes食橱 Cupboard餐具柜 Sideboard办公桌、衣柜、镜台 Bureau碗橱 Kitchen cabinet文件柜 Filing cabinet公文柜 Office cabinet柜类家具 Box-type furniture电视柜 TV set五斗矮柜 Chest of drawers（3）床类（Bed ）双人床 Double-bed单人床 Single-bed双层床 Bunk bed儿童摇床 Child cot婴儿床 Baby crib斗床 Bed with drawers沙发床 Sofa bed床架、卧榻 Bedstead床头 Headboard床高屏 Head of the bed床低屏 Foot of the bed（4）桌类书桌办公桌 Desk课桌 School table双人课桌 Double desk茶几 Tea table咖啡桌 Coffee table边几 Side table墙角桌 Corner table梳妆台 Dressing table折叠桌 Folding table写字台 Writing table打字桌 Typewriter desk (Typing desk)方拉桌 Rectangular ext.table圆拉桌 Circular ext.table多用桌 Multi-use desk绘图桌 Drawing table会议桌 Conference table餐桌 Breakfast(Dining) tableDresser 梳妆台吧台Bar Counter（5）椅类椅子 Chair木扶手（出水）沙发 Wooden arms sofa 全包沙发 Upholstered sofa多用沙发 Multi-purposes sofa扶手椅、单人沙发 Armchair双人沙发 2-seater睡椅、长沙发椅 Couch长沙发（无扶手或靠背） Divan转椅 Rotary(Swivel) chair摇椅 Rocking chair or rockers折椅 Folding chair凳 Bench(Stool)折凳 Folding stool柜台凳 Bar stool梳妆凳 Dressing stool安乐椅 Easy chair软垫沙发椅 Upholstered armchair长靠椅 Settee办公椅 Office chair木制有扶手的高背长椅 Settle椅子（无扶手） Side chair试鞋凳 Shoe fitting stool儿童折椅 Children’s folding chair 坐台 Seat餐椅 Dining chair礼堂椅 Assembly chair宝座 Throne躺椅 Reclining chair长凳床尾榻 Benches（6）箱、架类衣箱 Dress case储藏箱 Storage box床头箱 Headstock书架 Book shelf花架 Flower stand屏风 Screen(Floding screen)活动架 Adjusting shelf餐具架 Buffet毛巾架 Towel rack酒架 Wine rack帽架 Hat rack衣架 Coat rack脸盆架 Wash-stand墙架 Wall shelf文件架 Filing shelf搁物架、挂物架 Rack报纸架 Newspaper rack期刊架 Periodicals rack▲CHERRY BOMBLight — 灯具Droplight 吊灯ceiling light 吸顶灯Wall lamp 壁灯Reading /Table lamp 台灯Floor Lamp 落地灯Reflect[ri'flekt] down light 筒灯voltage track light 射灯Embed light 嵌灯Daylight lamp 日光灯Picture light 镜画灯Track light 轨道灯step / riser light 楼梯踏步灯Fabrics —布艺curtain 窗帘Curtain rods 窗帘杆Blinds 百叶窗Bedding 床品Napkin 餐巾Placemat 餐垫Table runner/ flag 桌旗Pillow 枕头窗帘单项篇【窗帘有关】drape 窗帘、褶皱drapery大窗帘panel 窗帘（片）drapery panels 布帘（片）sheer panels 纱帘（片）traversing panels 平垂的帘（片）tie-back panels 扎起的帘（片）tier 小窗帘floor-length drapes 拖地窗帘blind遮光帘、百叶帘matchstick blinds 竹卷帘Jabot & Swag Curtains 有皱褶花饰及垂幔的窗帘lambrequins 垂帷、垂饰、挂帘Shade 遮阳帘（升降帘）London shade 伦敦式Opera shade 歌剧院式Cloud shade 云朵式Balloon Shades 气球式Roman shade 罗马式Austrian shade 奥地利式Folded roman shade 折叠罗马帘Wiring — 电器设备Washer 洗衣机Refrigeratory 冰箱Air-condition 空调Electric cooker 电饭褒Macrowave oven 微波炉Immersion heater 电热水壶Sound box 音响Electrical outlet 插座Switch 开关sanitary ware —卫浴设备Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Water faucet 水龙头Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Closestool 座便器Bathtab 浴缸towel = 毛巾架towel bar 毛巾杆soap dispenser 肥皂盒toilet paper holder 卷筒纸架trash receptacle 废料桶垃圾桶Decoration—装饰品Vases 花瓶Books 书Magazine racks 杂志架Plants 绿植Pots 盆栽Frames 相框Painting 挂画Clocks 表Candles 蜡烛Fragrances 香水Mirrors 镜子Fountains 喷泉觉得有用的话，别忘了给老师一个在看鼓励哦编辑|Fancy。
室内设计中英文翻译
毕业设计英文资料翻译Translation of the English Documents for Graduation DesignInterior DesignSusan YelavichInterior design embraces not only the decoration and furnishing of space, but also considerations of space planning, lighting, and programmatic issues pertaining to user behaviors, ranging from specific issues of accessibility to the nature of the activities to be conducted in the space. The hallmark of interior design today is a new elasticity in typologies, seen most dramatically in the domestication of commercial and public spaces.Interior design encompasses both the programmatic planning and physical treatment of interior space: the projection of its use and the nature of its furnishings and surfaces, that is, walls, floors, and ceilings. Interior design is distinguished from interior decoration in the scope of its purview. Decorators are primarily concerned with the selection of furnishings, whiledesigners integrate the discrete elements of décor into programmatic concerns of space and use. Interior designers generally practice collaboratively with architects on the interiors of spaces built from the ground up, but they also work independently, particularly in the case of renovations. There is also a strong history of architect-designed interiors, rooted in the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, the total work of art, that came out of the Arts & Crafts movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It is no accident that its strongest proponents (from Frank Lloyd Wright to Mies van der Rohe) extended their practices to include the realm of interiors during the nascency of the interior-design profession. Indeed, it was a defensive measure taken by architects who viewed formal intervention by an interior decorator or designer as a threat to the integrity of their aesthetic.Today, apart from strict modernists like Richard Meier who place a premium on homogeneity, architects who take on the role of interior designer (and their numbers are growing) are more likely to be eclectic in philosophy and practice, paralleling the twenty-first century's valorization of plurality. Nonetheless, the bias against interior designers and the realm of the interior itself continues to persist. Critical discussions of the interior have been hampered by its popular perception as a container of ephemera. Furthermore, conventional views of the interior have been fraught with biases: class biases related to centuries-old associations with tradesmen and gender biases related to the depiction of the decorating profession as primarily the domain of women and gay men. As a result, the credibility of the interior as an expressionof cultural values has been seriously impaired.However, the conditions and the light in which culture-at-large is understood are changing under the impact of globalization. The distinctions between “high” culture and “low” culture are dissipating in a more tolerant climate that encourages the cross-fertilization between the two poles. Likewise, there are more frequent instances of productive borrowings among architecture, design, and decoration, once considered exclusive domains. And while the fields of architecture, interior design, and interior decoration still have different educational protocols and different concentrations of emphasis, they are showing a greater mutuality of interest.Another way to think of this emergent synthesis is to substitute the triad of “architecture, interior design, and decoration” with “modernity, technology, and history.” One of the hallmarks of the postmodern era is a heightened awareness of the role of the past in shaping thepresent. In the interior, this manifests itself in a renewed interest in ornament, in evidence of craft and materiality, and in spatial complexities, all running parallel to the ongoing project of modernity.Even more significantly, there is a new elasticity in typologies. Today, the traditional typologies of the interior—house, loft, office, restaurant, and so on—strain to control their borders. Evidence of programmatic convergences can clearly be seen in public and commercial spaces that aspire to be both more user-friendly and consumer-conscious. Growing numbers of private hospitals (in competition for patients) employ amenities and form languages inspired by luxury spas; at the same time, many gyms and health clubs are adopting the clinical mien of medical facilities to convince their clients of the value of their services. The same relaxation of interior protocols can be seen in offices that co-opt the informal, live-work ethic of the artist's loft, and in hotels that use the language (and contents) of galleries. Similarly, increasing numbers of grocery stores and bookstores include spaces and furniture for eating and socializing.Likewise, there is a new comfort with stylistic convergences in interiors that appropriate and recombine disparate quotations from design history. These are exemplified in spaces such as Rem Koolhaas' Casa da Musica (2005) in Porto, Portugal (with its inventive use of traditional Portuguese tiles), and Herzog & de Meuron's Walker Art Center (2005) in Minneapolis, Minnesota (where stylized acanthus-leaf patterns are used to mark gallery entrances). These interiors make an art out of hybridism. They do not simply mix and match period furnishings and styles, but refilter them through a contemporary lens.Another hallmark of the contemporary interior is the overt incorporation of narrative. Tightly themed environments persist in retail spaces such as Ralph Lauren's clothing stores and in entertainment spaces like Las Vegas casinos. However, a more playful and less linear approach to narrative is increasingly common.Of all the typologies of the interior, the residence has been least affected by change, apart from ephemeral trends such as outdoor kitchens and palatial bathrooms. However, the narrative of the residence dominates interior design at large. It has become the catalyst for rethinking a host of spaces once firmly isolated from it, ranging from the secretary's cubicle, to the nurse's station, to the librarian's reading room. Considerations such as the accommodation of personalaccessories in the work space, the use of color in hospitals, and the provision of couches in libraries are increasingly common, to cite just three examples. The domestication of such environments (with curtains and wallpaper, among other residential elements) provides more comfort, more reassurance, and more pleasure to domains formerly defined by institutional prohibitions and social exclusions. Unquestionably, these changes in public and commercial spaces are indebted to the liberation movements of the late 1960s. The battles fought against barriers of race, class, gender, and physical ability laid the groundwork for a larger climate of hospitality and accommodation.It is also possible to detect a wholly other agenda in the popularity of the residential model. The introduction of domestic amenities into commercial spaces, such as recreation spaces in office interiors, can also be construed as part of a wider attempt to put a more acceptable face on the workings of free-market capitalism. In this view, interior design dons the mask of entertainment. There is nothing new about the charade. Every interior is fundamentally a stage set. Nor is it particularly insidious—as long as the conceit is transparent. Danger surfaces, however, when illusion becomes delusion—when design overcompensates for the realities of illness with patronizing sentiment, or when offices become surrogate apartments because of the relentless demands of a round-the-clock economy. In these instances, design relinquishes its potential to transform daily life in favor of what amounts to little more than a facile re-branding of space.Another force is driving the domestication of the interior and that is the enlarged public awareness of design and designers. There is a growing popular demand for design as amenity and status symbol, stimulated by the proliferation of shelter magazines, television shows devoted to home decorating, and the advertising campaigns of commercial entities such as Target and Ikea. In the Western world, prosperity, combined with the appetite of the media, has all but fetishized the interior, yielding yet another reflection of the narcissism of aconsumer-driven society. On the one hand, there are positive, democratic outcomes of the growing public profile of design that can be seen in the rise of do-it-yourself web sites and enterprises like Home Depot that emphasize self-reliance. It can also be argued, more generally, that the reconsideration of beauty implicit in the valorization of design is an ameliorating social phenomenon by virtue of its propensity to inspire improvement. On the other hand, thepopularization of interior design through personas such as Philippe Starck, Martha Stewart, and Barbara Barry has encouraged a superficial understanding of the interior that is more focused on objects than it is on behaviors and interactions among objects.For all the recent explosion of interest in interior design, it remains, however, a fundamentally conservative arena of design, rooted as it is in notions of enclosure, security, and comfort. This perception has been exacerbated by the growth of specialized practices focused, for example, on healthcare and hospitality. While such firms offer deep knowledge of the psychology, mechanics, and economies of particular environments, they also perpetuate distinctions that hinder a more integral approach to the interior as an extension of architecture and even the landscape outside. One notable exception is the growth of design and architecture firms accruing expertise in sustainable materials and their applications to the interior. At the same time that design firms are identifying themselves with sustainability and promoting themselves as environmentalists, a movement is building to incorporate environmental responsibility within normative practice.Over the past four decades, efforts have intensified to professionalize the field of interior design and to accord it a status equal to that of architecture. In the US and Canada the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, formerly known as FIDER, reviews interior design education programs at colleges and universities to regulate standards of practice. Furthermore, the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) embraces interior design within its purview, defining it as part of “intellectual profession, and not simply a trade or a service for enterprises.”Yet, the education of interior designers remains tremendously variable, with no uniformity of pedagogy. Hence, interior design continues to be perceived as an arena open to the specialist and the amateur. This perception is indicative of both the relatively short history of the profession itself and the broader cultural forces of inclusion and interactivity that mark a global society.。
室内设计 外文翻译 外文文献。室内设计风格
室内设计外文翻译外文文献。
室内设计风格XXX and clean lines。
This style is perfect for those whowant a fresh and fun look in their home。
The use of XXX to the space.nal XXX colors。
intricate patterns。
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neutral colors。
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Furniture pieces are often sleek and modern。
with a XXX.XXX design is a mix of different styles and ds。
XXX and n。
as it combines XXX.XXX what style you choose。
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室内装饰装修设计外文文献翻译中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Y Miyazaki. A Brief Description of Interior Decoration [J]. Building & Environment, 2005, 40(10):41-45.英文原文A Brief Description of Interior DecorationY Miyazaki一、An interior design element1 Spatial elementsThe rationalization of space and giving people a sense of beauty is the basic task of design. We must dare to explore the new image of the times and technologies that are endowed with space. We should not stick to the spatial image formed in the past.2 color requirementsIn addition to affecting the visual environment, indoor colors also directly affect people's emotions and psychology. Scientific use of color is good for work and helps health. The proper color processing can meet the functional requirements and achieve the beauty effect. In addition to observing the general laws of color, interior colors also vary with the aesthetics of the times.3 light requirementsHumans love the beauty of nature and often direct sunlight into theinterior to eliminate the sense of darkness and closure in the interior, especially the top light and the soft diffuse light, making the interior space more intimate and natural. The transformation of light and shadow makes the interior richer and more colorful, giving people a variety of feelings.4 decorative elementsThe indispensable building components such as columns, walls, and the like in the entire indoor space are combined with the function and need to be decorated to jointly create a perfect indoor environment. By making full use of the texture characteristics of different decorative materials, you can achieve a variety of interior art effects with different styles, while also reflecting the historical and cultural characteristics of the region.5 furnishingsIndoor furniture, carpets, curtains, etc., are all necessities of life. Their shapes are often furnished and most of them play a decorative role. Practicality and decoration should be coordinated with each other, and the functions and forms of seeking are unified and changed so that the interior space is comfortable and full of personality.6 green elementsGreening in interior design is an important means to improve the indoor environment. Indoor flowering trees are planted, and the use ofgreenery and small items to play a role in diffusing indoor and outdoor environments, expanding the sense of interior space, and beautifying spaces all play an active role.二、The basic principles of interior design1 interior decoration design to meet the functional requirementsThe interior design is based on the purpose of creating a good indoor space environment, so as to rationalize, comfort, and scientize the indoor environment. It is necessary to take into account the laws of people's activities to handle spatial relationships, spatial dimensions, and spatial proportions; to rationally configure furnishings and furniture, and to properly resolve indoor environments. V entilation, lighting and lighting, pay attention to the overall effect of indoor tone.2 interior design to meet the spiritual requirementsThe spirit of interior design is to influence people's emotions and even influence people's will and actions. Therefore, we must study the characteristics and laws of people's understanding; study the emotions and will of people; and study the interaction between people and the environment. Designers must use various theories and methods to impact people's emotions and sublimate them to achieve the desired design effect. If the indoor environment can highlight a certain concept and artistic conception, then it will have a strong artistic appeal and better play its role in spiritual function.3 Interior design to meet modern technical requirementsThe innovation of architectural space is closely related to the innovation of structural modeling. The two should be harmonized and unified, fully considering the image of the structural Sino-U.S. and integrating art and technology. This requires that interior designers must possess the necessary knowledge of the type of structure and be familiar with and master the performance and characteristics of the structural system. Modern interior design is in the category of modern science and technology. To make interior design better meet the requirements of spiritual function, we must maximize the use of the latest achievements in modern science and technology.4 Interior design must meet the regional characteristics and national style requirementsDue to differences in the regions where people live, geographical and climatic conditions, the living habits of different ethnic groups are not the same as cultural traditions, and there are indeed great differences in architectural styles. China is a multi-ethnic country. The differences in the regional characteristics, national character, customs, and cultural literacy of various ethnic groups make indoor decoration design different. Different styles and features are required in the design. We must embody national and regional characteristics to evoke people’s national self-respect and self-confidence.三、Points of interior designThe interior space is defined by the enclosure of the floor, wall, and top surface, thus determining the size and shape of the interior space. The purpose of interior decoration is to create a suitable and beautiful indoor environment. The floor and walls of the interior space are the backdrop for people and furnishings and furnishings, while the differences on the top surface make the interior space more varied.1 Base decoration ----- Floor decorationThe basic surface ----- is very important in people's sights. The ground floor is in contact with people, and the line of sight is near, and it is in a dynamic change. It is one of the important factors of interior decoration. Meet the following principles:2 The base should be coordinated with the overall environment to complement each other and set off the atmosphereFrom the point of view of the overall environmental effect of space, the base should be coordinated with the ceiling and wall decoration. At the same time, it should play a role in setting off the interior furniture and furnishings.3 Pay attention to the division, color and texture of the ground patternGround pattern design can be roughly divided into three situations: The first is to emphasize the independent integrity of the pattern itself,such as meeting rooms, using cohesive patterns to show the importance of the meeting. The color should be coordinated with the meeting space to achieve a quiet, focused effect; the second is to emphasize the pattern of continuity and rhythm, with a certain degree of guidance and regularity, and more for the hall, aisle and common space; third It emphasizes the abstractness of the pattern, freedom, and freedom, and is often used in irregular or layout-free spaces.4 Meeting the needs of the ground structure, construction and physical properties of the buildingWhen decorating the base, attention should be paid to the structure of the ground floor. In the premise of ensuring safety, it is convenient for construction and construction. It cannot be a one-sided pursuit of pattern effects, and physical properties such as moisture-proof, waterproof, thermal insulation, and thermal insulation should be considered. need. The bases are available in a wide variety of types, such as: wooden floors, block floors, terrazzo floors, plastic floors, concrete floors, etc., with a wide variety of patterns and rich colors. The design must be consistent with the entire space environment. Complementary to achieve good results.四、wall decorationIn the scope of indoor vision, the vertical line of sight between the wall and the person is in the most obvious position. At the same time, thewall is the part that people often contact. Therefore, the decoration of the wall is very important for the interior design. The following design principles must be met: 1 IntegrityWhen decorating a wall, it is necessary to fully consider the unity with other parts of the room, and to make the wall and the entire space a unified whole.2 PhysicalThe wall surface has a larger area in the interior space, and the status is more important and the requirements are higher. The requirements for sound insulation, warmth protection, fire prevention, etc. in the interior space vary depending on the nature of the space used, such as the guest room, high requirements. Some, while the average unit canteen, requiresa lower number.3 ArtistryIn the interior space, the decorative effect of the wall plays an important role in rendering and beautifying the indoor environment. The shape of the wall, the partition pattern, the texture and the interior atmosphere are closely related to each other. In order to create the artistic effect of the interior space, the wall The artistry of the surface itself cannot be ignored.The selection of wall decoration styles is determined according to the above principles. The forms are roughly the following: plasteringdecoration, veneering decoration, brushing decoration, coil decoration. Focusing on the coil decoration here, with the development of industry, there are more and more coils that can be used to decorate walls, such as: plastic wallpaper, wall cloth, fiberglass cloth, artificial leather, and leather. These materials are characterized by the use of It is widely used, flexible and free, with a wide variety of colors, good texture, convenient construction, moderate prices, and rich decorative effects. It is a material that is widely used in interior design.五、Ceiling decorationThe ceiling is an important part of the interior decoration, and it is also the most varied and attractive interface in the interior space decoration. It has a strong sense of perspective. Through different treatments, the styling of lamps and lanterns can enhance the space appeal and make the top surface rich in shape. Colorful, novel and beautiful.1 Design principlesPay attention to the overall environmental effects.The ceiling, wall surface and base surface together make up the interior space and jointly create the effects of the indoor environment. The design should pay attention to the harmonization of the three, and each has its own characteristics on a unified basis.The top decoration should meet the applicable aesthetic requirements.In general, the effect of indoor space should be lighter and lighter. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the simple decoration of the top decoration, highlight the key points, and at the same time, have a sense of lightness and art.The top decoration should ensure the rationality and safety of the top structure. Cannot simply pursue styling and ignore safety2 top design(1) Flat roofThe roof is simple in construction, simple in appearance, and convenient in decoration. It is suitable for classrooms, offices, exhibition halls, etc. Its artistic appeal comes from the top shape, texture, patterns, and the organic configuration of the lamps.(2) Convex ceilingThis kind of roof is beautiful and colorful, with a strong sense of three-dimensionality. It is suitable for ballrooms, restaurants, foyers, etc. It is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between the primary and secondary relationships and the height difference of various concavo-convex layers. It is not appropriate to change too much and emphasize the rhythm of rhythm and the artistry of the overall space. .(3) Suspended ceilingV arious flaps, flat plates or other types of ceilings are hung under the roof load-bearing structures. These ceilings are often used to meetacoustic or lighting requirements or to pursue certain decorative effects. They are often used in stadiums, cinemas, and so on. In recent years, this type of roof has also been commonly used in restaurants, cafes, shops, and other buildings to create special aesthetics and interests.(4) Well format ceilingIt is in the form of a combined structural beam, in which the main and secondary beams are staggered and the relationship between the wells and beams, together with a ceiling of lamps and gypsum floral designs, is simple and generous, with a strong sense of rhythm.(5) Glass ceilingThe halls and middle halls of modern large-scale public buildings are commonly used in this form, mainly addressing the needs of large-scale lighting and indoor greening, making the indoor environment richer in natural appeal, and adding vitality to large spaces. It is generally in the form of a dome, a cone, and a zigzag. In short, interior decoration design is a comprehensive discipline, involving many disciplines such as sociology, psychology, and environmental science, and there are many things that we need to explore and study. This article mainly elaborated the basic principles and design methods of interior decoration design. No matter what style belongs to the interior design door, this article gives everyone a more in-depth understanding and comprehension of interior design. If there are inadequacies, let the criticism correct me.中文译文室内装饰简述Y Miyazaki一室内装饰设计要素1 空间要素空间的合理化并给人们以美的感受是设计基本的任务。
室内设计空间-中英文对照1
室内设计空间-中英文对照1室内设计空间-中英文对照General:大凡Plan -平面图Elevation -立面图Section -剖面图Detail Drawing-大样图Ceiling Plan -天花图Plan:平面lighting layout Plan -灯光设计图Electrical Layout Plan -电图(大凡指带有电制-socket的图) Fire Service Layout Plan -消防系统MVAC Layout Plan -空调系统Detail Drawing:详图Floor Pattern Detail -地板图Stone Pattern Detail -石图Schedule: (附助图表)Lighting Schedule -灯具表1\ Florescent Light2\ Spot Light (directional /non-directional)3\ Light troughSocket Schedule -电气表Window and Door Schedule -门窗表Hardware Schedule -五金器具表Sanitary fixture Schedule -洁具(卫生设备)表家居篇:Living Room -客厅Dining Room -饭厅foyer -玄关Kitchen –Bath -厕所、浴室Study -书房Store -贮物室Master Bed Room -主人房Guest Bed Room -客房Suite -套房Balcony -露台Garden -花园Soft Landscape -绿化商业篇Graphic–图表Plasma–等离子体，等离子区Storage-仓库，库房，储藏室，存放Couture-服装设计（师）或其服装店辨公室Reception -接待处Waiting Area or Lounge –后客室Meeting Room -会议室(指小形的)Conference Room -会议室(大凡的)Board Room –简报厅Open Office –开放办公区Pantry -储藏室亦可细分为Wet(湿) Pantry and Dry(干) Pantry.Server Room –茶水间Copy/Fax Machine Room –主机室Manager Office/Cabin -经理辨公室Direction Room -老板房。
外文文献翻译--室内设计
外文文献--自然简约—对室内设计现象分析2012 届本科毕业设计论文外文文献翻译学院: 计算机科学与工程学院专业:数字媒体姓名:董沛学号:Y08108210 外文出处:Natural simplicity analysis of the phenomenon of interior design 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。
附件1:外文资料翻译译文自然简约?对室内设计现象分析远古时期,中国的木构架建筑?东方古印度的石窟建筑?欧洲古希腊?古罗马的石砌建筑等等装饰与构件紧密结合,与建筑主体溶为一体?然而十七世纪初欧洲巴洛克时代和十八世纪中叶的洛可可时代,开始了室内装饰与建筑主体的分离,外部的建筑主体与内部的装修在使用年限上不匹配,因而导致建筑主体与室内装饰的分离,在营造法国宫廷建筑和贵族宅邸时,新的职业“装饰工匠”诞生了,对建筑物的内部频繁不断地进行改装,不动建筑主体,更换建筑“服装”的时期已经到来?巴洛克式建筑的室内设计,一反文艺复兴时期的严肃?含蓄?平衡,倾向于豪华?浮夸?在教堂及宫殿中把建筑?雕塑?绘画结合成一个整体,追求动势与起伏,企图造成幻象?而洛可可式建筑室内则是皇宫贵族为了得到舒适的?私密的室内而追求优雅的更为亲切的室内装饰效果?具有纤细?轻巧?华丽和繁琐的装饰性;喜用C形?S形或漩涡形的曲线和轻淡柔和的色彩,多以花鸟?贝壳为题材,并为适应宫廷的异国情趣要求,在室内采用了许多中国式装饰?巴洛克和洛可可式的手工制作达到了装饰的极致,被称为“室内装饰”的代表?近代工业革命的大发展,出现了新型的混凝土建筑,它不仅使室内装饰从建筑主体中脱离,而且发展成为不依附于建筑主体而相对独力的部分?分离派运动解开了单纯装饰部件与建筑主体相结合的矛盾,成为现代主义设计的先驱?包豪斯学派强调功能决定形式,认为空间是建筑的主角,提倡抛弃表面虚假的装饰,一切围绕着架构合理的空间服务?要求排除装饰,强调使用功能以及造型的简单化自然风格倡导设计自然空间,美学上推崇“自然美”, 力求表现悠闲?舒畅?自然的田园生活情趣,也常运用天然木?石?藤?竹等材质质朴的纹理?巧于设置室内绿化,创造自然?简朴?清新淡雅的氛围?只有崇尚自然?结合自然,才能在当今高科技?高节奏的社会生活中,使人们能取得生理和心理的平衡?简约不等于简单,它是一种生活态度?当我们在现代生活中,承受太多的压力,我们开始渴望拥有自由的感觉?优雅的姿态和不凡的品位?我们需要让浮躁的心境趋向平和,于是我们呼唤简约?从大的建筑空间到普通的居住空间,从职业设计师到普通公民,自然简约风格??开始成为室内设计界非常流行的方向?简约的精神起源主要源自于二十世纪初期的西方现代主义?英国JOHNPawson与法国的ClaudioSilverstein两位室内设计师在80年代中期引领了简约主义的设计潮流?当时欧美的经济不景气,艺廊老板们开始在艺术品的展示空间上找出路,一些报费的工厂车间简单布置,成为艺术展厅,目的是以最少的经费作出最好的展示空间,而这么做的结果就是简化空间,不装饰多余的东西,实际上,这也反映了一种新审美的出现?从设计居家引入到艺廊的设计,使得展示空间与艺术品呈现出同一种美学特征?简约艺术也就在这个时候开始与室内设计相吻合,并逐渐开始流行起来,到现在简约主义成了室内设计追崇的风格回归自然的简约主义是人类特有的劳动成果?其目的是以简洁的表现形式来满足人们对空间环境那种感性的?本能的和理性的需求?从某种意义上说,简约主义的盛行是人类发展的必然趋势自然?简约的室内设计营造的是一种诗意的空间?我们知道,“诗”的艺术特点就是用极其简洁的语汇,按照一定的规则组合,形成“诗”这样一种语言,其字里行间包含了极大的空间,一种隐含的静态的空间?在设计中把人的思想情感,人生的向往注入到环境中去,通过“意境”将其立体?空间地再现于现实中,使人入其境,则忘乎其身,这是一种超乎物质感受的精神感受, “意境”的创造,正是通过气氛的营造来达到体现某种精神意义上的“亲和力”?实际上,简约主义室内设计就是这样一种“诗意”空间的营造?用极简的物体摆设产生想象使用空间,这个空间实际上是一种副空间,有各个家具组合产生的副空间,它往往给人视觉上“空”的感觉,而“空”犹如诗所产生的“意境”,极大调动着身处其中的人的情绪,激发人的联想能力?简约室内设计强调形式美感?如果说,一般的室内设计把家具,诸如沙发?桌子等物品称为主体物的话,那么简约主义室内设计是不存在这样的区分的?简约主义室内设计认为处在空间中的任何部分都分担着同样重要的作用,包括墙面?地面?顶面等?空间中所有物体的协调组合具有很强的形式美感,这主要体现在点?线?面三个空间元素的表现上?中国几千年的文化,沉淀出多少恒世佳作,特别是中国汉代建筑更是集精华美妙之灵气,以“简单?厚实?精准?雅致”为原则,将东方特有的审美观念,独立浑厚的气质?凝练渺远的简约神韵,响绝于世?它至今还影响着国际建筑的设计理念,也影响着室内设计的美感? 设计之所以能以尽量少的语言表达尽量多的信息,有赖于其将诸多设计表现形式要素科学的融合在一起,其中色彩的选择和使用起了十分关键的作用?我们知道色彩是不同波长的光反射和吸收的结果,光的传播速度比图形文字的传播速度快,这使得它让人在第一时间感受到,所以对空间最先感受到的就是色彩,而不同色彩可以引起人们不同的心理反映和感受?在自然?简约的室内设计中,黑色和白色以及材料的本色是它的代表色,也是常常使用的颜色,这些颜色被认为是最没有倾向的颜色,对人的视觉干扰最小?同时室内设计也强调对光的使用,往往通过天窗等获取自然光源,这对塑造一种轻淡整一的色彩空间起着相当重要的作用,也体现了简约主义所宣扬的简洁但不简单的风格每一个表现手段都以居住为目的,对每一个局部都强调其功能性和舒适性?实际上,这种对功能的充分表述体现了设计的基本美学原理,也是很容易理解的,任何设计都是以人为服务对象的,人在消费设计的时候,最主要是消费它的实用功能?所以,当我们看到一张看似坚硬的座椅,不要马上判断它必然带给你冰冷的感觉,坐上去的一刹那,也许正是它背上的那道不经意的弧线带给你恰倒好处的舒适体验通常被称作美学标准的这种准则可以从另一个更普遍易懂的层面更好地进行理解。
室内设计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 (2)
Talking about the symbols in the environmentof the use of Art and DesignAbstract:The inheritance and innovation over the years the relationship between art and design environment has been the focus of attention. This article hopes for the design of symbols used to explore the culture, about the mysteries of inheritance and innovation of the trace of sentiment.Keywords:deformation grammar separatist symbols constituteInheritance and innovation over the years the relationship between art and design environment has been the focus of attention. In fact, from the linguistic point of view, this contradiction is the language of stability and variation between the contradiction. As a designer in the form of design successes and failures of the success or failure depends on the master, "the term" the rich and the use of "grammar" of proficiency. Designers to make their works by others can truly understand, we must choose the appropriate "word" and must comply with the "grammar." This does not mean that designers can only follow the beaten track, no personal contribution. Designers skillfully use the new individual symbols, or a conscious change in inter-symbol combination of a number of conventional relations, create new works of moving, which is design innovation.Composition has a "specific" component approach, that seems to be very plain in the composition of the sudden appearance of a "heterogeneous" elements, making the program itself is very plain to achieve unexpected results, with a sense of innovation of new symbols like this "heterogeneous." In people's accustomed to things difficult to arouse enough attention and interest in case, some common symbols deformation, splitting, or the preparation of the code to change the order, you can play a compelling, thought-provoking, the strengthening of environmental messaging language role.United States renowned architect Charles Moore designed the city of Orleans, "Italian Piazza" is bold in design elements taken from a variety of classical symbols, and symbolic means to reproduce them. The entire square to a circular plane Baroque for the composition to the gradual proliferation of black-and-white concentric circles and to the surrounding pavement surface to extend out until the three sides of the street entrance. Classical Roman column, after a face-lift to the face of new shows, such as the Corinthian column is used in stainless steel column, canopies wall carved with the Latin of "this fountain for the public to all the people who offer the gifts" of the message; Doric column on the Flowing Down gurgle, round coupon on the molar smiling portrait, water is constantly spit from his mouth ... here is not only full of bright rich atmosphere of a modern commercial, but also a strong attachment to localfeelings. Maps and Italian Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia's plan; ancient Rome, the five-column, the deformation Motif combinations and the Arc de Triomphe; circular portico Wai Kwong Hop. In fact, you are immediately aware that it is a mockery of classical Marxism. This is a joyous, almost classical tradition are hysterical embrace pleased.Today, a variety of side box-style building was considered aloof in the historic and local above only has the technology and a small number of functional semantic semantics, there is no room for thinking aftertaste, the environment has led to apathy and boring criticism. This use of information theory to explain the principle that effective environmental information contained in the symbol system too. In view of this, post-modern architects Venturi loudly called for: "building a rich content, while building to include other aspects of the multi-dimensional art, even including the language, so that it is no longer a mere tool for the space." It advocates environmental complexity and contradictory nature of modernism promoted by substitute simplicity; to semantic ambiguity and tension in place of straightforward; to the multiplicity of semantic opposition to one or the other of opportunism; should be mixed at a glance rather than unity. Stern designed the "best" product showroom are a typical example, it adopted legislation faces many of the traditional symbols and constitute a form, like the ancient Greek pantheon of elevation, thus suggesting he was trying to convey theme purposive: that is, the building as a "temple of consumerism," the commercialization of society reflect the values of people and commercial activities of daily life today, the importance of. But the way metaphors are complex, multiple, without serious thought, it is difficult to understand immediately apparent from its real significance. This design works, for example, not only the depth of the box thinking is more than simply the pursuit like a sailing boat or a bird of prey such as the symbolism of a more intriguing, more philosophical.The environment as a symbolic phenomenon, in order to address the long-standing problem for the designers of the inheritance and innovation of the paradoxical problem of providing a effective way. Design language as the language of symbols, are rooted in past experience with the rapid development of the society is linked to the new features, new materials, new technology and calls on new ideas. On the one hand, as if it were so general language language changes slowly, on the other hand, with the rapid development of society. How to make the environment not only of historical continuity, but also to adapt to the new requirements of the times?With the advance of science and technology progress and frequent cultural exchanges, "vocabulary" and "grammar" in the developing trend of convergence, but a nation because of natural conditions, economic and technological, socio-cultural practices of the different environment Association has a number of unique symbols and arrangement. Spoken like the dialect, like the designers cleverly inject this kind of "accent" can enhance the environment for a sense of history and local flavor, andenhance the influence of language environment. Modern Japanese Architecture Master Kenzo Tange designed Kagawa hall is a "new form of the traditional semantic" model. Although the building are used by ordinary reinforced concrete frame structure, but the external form of treatment is the use of Lu Ming Chuan head, beam top traditional symbols, vertical horizontal partition is a natural association to the Japanese main tower of the layers of eaves. Layout has absorbed the advantages of the square tower of the traffic and public facilities on the planar core (similar to the tower Kaguta ventricle), so that they share the smallest Get all floors of the shortest route traffic. So as to show a structure with modern forms of technology to reflect the style of traditional local methods.United States artist Susan Lange once said, "is always a symbol to simplify the form of the performance of its meaning, that is exactly what we can grasp the reasons for it. Regardless of a work of art (or even all of the arts) is how the complexity of , profound and rich, it is easy than real life. Therefore, the art theory is undoubtedly the establishment of an effective hearts and minds in a vivid reality of the concept of such a great cause of the preamble is more. "symbolic activities have been included in the activities of some abstract no longer remain in the individual above the. Visual symbols are an art symbols, but also the performance of sexual symbols. Relative reasoning in terms of sexual symbols, visual symbols do not have their own system, and any visual symbols have a certain degree of cultural content, and only reflected in a certain degree of emotional structure, around a particular theme of organic combination. Educated Youth Hotel, Mao Jia Restaurant commercial building and so on, it also adopted the hats, corn on the cob, rough wooden tables and chairs, wells and so on, and even more in order to create an atmosphere of clothing are to be attendants, as well as the menu were also cleverly integrated into the Among them, these different geographical significance in rural areas typically rich in visual symbols to create an environment here is like an old album, recording a different person's experience, making the design become more cordial, but also worth pondering. Visual symbols, not only in symbolic form to create the visual association and, more importantly, it can evoke thoughts association, which have empathy, to achieve emotional resonance, thus building more meaningful.The rapid development of urban construction has brought rapid changes, but at the same time we also lost many will never be able to recover things - historical context. The history of the formation of the streets, alleys, arches, religious shrines and so on urban form as a complete expression of architecture and urban image of the symbol system, being into films, Shing Street, into a Square to be removed, threats to the urban form of the compatibility and continuity . Respect for historical tradition does not mean, rigidly traditional. Instead, consciously keep these traditions, will make the city more local flavor. In fact, "establishing a new" do not have to "old", the key lies in how to approach traditional and fashion to create a new symbiosis of oldand new urban form (symbols). "New World" project is located in Shanghai, Xingye Road Huangpi Road, a major site of the Chinese Communists of the surrounding area. "Venue" opposite the south block, design for the modern architecture is not high, which is dotted with some reservations the traditional architecture, and the "venue" in harmony. And "venue" where the north block, the neighborhood retained a large pattern, carefully preserved and repaired the building exterior facade Shikumen, detail and neighborhood-scale space, the building was made larger internal transformation in order to adapt to office, commercial, accommodation, catering and entertainment and other modern life. Have been built from the current part of view, received much praise, has a greater impact. It is said that sales and cost-effectiveness also very good. In fact, in Shanghai, the eastern and western culture shock metropolis, the traditional neighborhood lifestyle never die off, "New World" just give it a reasonable change and continuity, are left for us to think more and enlightenment.Famous philosopher Ernst Cassirer person think symbols are animals. All human spiritual and cultural activities are the product of symbols. The essence of that person in that he can use to create cultural symbols. Therefore, all cultural forms, is both a symbol of the reality of Events is also the person of the nature of the object. The so-called master culture, in the symbolic level at least, to be skilled to operate constitute the cultural symbols and cultural system rather than the symbol itself, the new experiences and insights woven into symbols go, in fact, symbols themselves are also changing, and the cultural heritage and the innovation of the mysteries of it exist in this variation of the. Confucius and Socrates are still human beings are eternal beacon, and the symbols of modern subjects in this study call for us from the back to Socrates. Will be simple and complex semantics, traditional and fashionable phrase structure, and applied to the design of modern art, thereby creating a personalized, Human Culture's new design symbols.Fiber art and interior designAbstract:Fiber art is a functional fiber art and aesthetic value in one art form. Fiber art is full of natural flavor to the material texture and flavor of the simple hand-woven to meet the emotional needs of a wide range of people, it and other types of interior decoration as compared to an irreplaceable advantages. Fiber art has been to infiltrate the building and environmental matters in all aspects of design, it is mainly the use of various materials and techniques to express the concept of modern design and modern life.Keywords:Fiber arts; not include the indoor environment; fiber artFiber Art collection of classical and modern, romantic and calm, industrial civilization and traditions in one hand, are an ancient and young arts. It is natural animal and plant fiber or synthetic fiber materials, with knitting, ring binding, winding, Stitch and other production means, the creation of planar, three-dimensional image of a form of art. Fiber arts, including traditional flat-style fabric, modern popular three-dimensional fabrics, daily arts and crafts, as well as space in modern architecture with the expression of a variety of fiber materials modeling language works.1. fiber texture art interior environmental design on the impact of material selection.The performance of fiber art are texture and texture to create items, which, whether in visual or tactile, the both have an unparalleled visual appeal. Fiber art of material selection is very extensive, almost all types of textile fibers may be applicable. The use of different materials through different processing or the use of different structures can produce different textures. Texture by the objects are unique color, luster, shape, texture, cold, thick, soft and hard and transparency and so on constitute a large number of attributes. Constitute the attributes of diverse, complex portfolio, will also change texture infinite. At the same time, textures are also belong to the common perception of visual and tactile qualities of materials, exterior materials and textures complement each other, all kinds of materials are exposed through the texture to its true features and through the texture to express the characteristics of materials. Fiber interior accessories through tactile senses given different psychological feelings, such as hard and soft, thick, hot and cold and so on. At the same time, set up in the memory of visual perception, evoke images of different psychological perception, distinguishing texture characteristics. Modern fiber art is a breakthrough and go beyond the traditional, mainly manifested as fiber such material on a higher level of understanding and application. Traditional fiber art, mainly in natural fiber materials. These materials include silk, wool, hemp, cotton and so on. Used in modern fiber art materials, has broken through the traditionalconstraints. Here the "fiber" is no longer just cotton, hemp, wool, brown, rattan and other traditional fiber materials, including chemical fiber and latitude of the hard and soft woven material, as well as all of the linear material, and even some metal fibers have also been artists of all ages. American fiber artists such as Nancy's work "The Golden Wave" used wool, viscose fiber and copper wire as material. Bulgaria Cayman million fiber artists work "with the weft" a plastic tube and wool as a material. Modern fiber art of painting from nature than from the pursuit and began to focus on the performance of materials in the United States itself, the natural form of fiber materials, rich texture, just between the different fibers and Sophie, straight and curly, miscellaneous and pure, Ming with dark, light and heavy contrast, and to appreciate those who bring a wealth of aesthetic experience. Fiber Art has always been known as the artistic and texture. Whoof weaving is a traditional fiber arts major process. However, modern technology of fiber art practices have not been listed out in full, such as weaving, hitch, winding, Stitch, collage, as well as dyeing, painting, spraying, printing and so on . Many artists will also science and technology into the field of fiber art creations. American artist Cynthia's "Runs", "Lake rain" looms for the creative use of computer tools, the use of three-way warp space to create a unique effect in the fabric texture and structure to show the endless imagination, different types and color overlay with the cover line, resulting in the traditional process can not be achieved on many levels of subtle changes. There are many artists, make use of the existing products to create, but also the effect of unusually touching. For example, the pioneer of modern fiber arts - United States Miss Lei Nuo senior artists in the early 80s of last century the United Nations building in New York designed the giant fiber works of art "white fluttering fiber." This work of art from the interior of the building about 6m square vertical hoisting the roof down countless articles and white fibers, this fiber bundle with a bunch of slightly swinging the wind, both light also generous, we also implicitly simple, it reveals a hazy and includes the state of tune of the realm of the United States. These works and the use of materials through the excavation of the United States itself and the integration with the environment, so as to achieve the unusual decoration of the United States can not match the artistic realm.2 .fiber art sculpture on the interior of the impact of environmental designCompared with traditional fiber art, contemporary fiber art is an important feature of its sculpture. Traditional fiber arts such as carpet, wall,缂丝and other works, the main works are flat. Since the 60s of last century, fiber arts gradually to semi-relief from two-dimensional until the emergence of fully three-dimensional space of the work of "soft sculptures" - with the flexibility and elasticity of the sculpture. Some artists take into account in the design works are works of more space for the overall situation brought about by decorative. Polish artists work "red " Wall yes to sculpture, to works of the landmark space. Rui forward into the corner after their full deep oval to form a strong contrast, like a could not suppress the passionagitatedly eruption. 1992 ~ 1993 created to "nest" as represented by the works, she will be of good pulp Pour in bamboo was carried out on a fan has created a singular effect. Along this line of thought, she works more extensive space, she created a "wrapped", "chain" a series of works, with the exception of paper pulp, bamboo, wood, but also the use of flax fiber. In the "column", she began to pursue an upward extension of the work results. If we say that the above works in the outdoor air can give the magic question, fresh visual feel, she's "knot" and "Box" series of works, then created an interior space, mysterious, the dust-laden effect, they give people is the lost in a distant era, but it is also a lingering mirage contemporary. a series of creative break the draw species boundaries to new material as well as the process of art to introduce the art of sculpture area, expanded the borders of sculpture, such positive efforts to change the sculpture for the shelf thinking, to break the closed state, pioneering vision in the broader field of sculpture space for development to seek to play a positive role in promoting.3 .fiber combination of art and architectureFiber art as a symbol of warm, soft, warm symbols, combined with the building has been the embodiment of perfection. Around the end of the 1970s to the 1980s, the modern fiber art began to be applied by architects think are apathy, lack of emotion in the building. 70's, published "Beyond Craft: Contemporary Fiber Art" and "Fiber Art: mainstream" book on the two specific on modern fiber art in a variety of building space and public space to the important role and significance.With the development of the times, fiber art has infiltrated into interior architecture and environmental design in all its aspects, has entered the modern family, with other interior decorative materials of organic combination of each other, with its shape, texture and with combination of decorative and enhance the interior decoration of the artistic effect. It is mainly the use of various materials and techniques to express the concept of modern design and modern life, while Sophie All modern decorative shapes, colors, and taking with the walls, the indoor environment, spatial relations. Fiber art be able to add artistic effects of space, easy to create wealth to the "human touch" of the natural space, and thus ease the building and the interior space of rigid sense of space to play the role of blur, but also added a building with the interior space of the color, gives a harmonious and comfortable, practical experience perfect. Because of the special properties of fibers, fiber art brings not only a visual sense of beauty, more warm, friendly, comfortable, etc. enjoy. In addition, from modeling to color, from planar to three-dimensional, from the subject to have a very broad cultural connotation of the performance space, and thus developed very rapidly and has now been widely used in building the overall design and decoration in the bedroom. Fiber art as the indoor environment an important component of the environment in the interior occupies an important position, also play a decisive role. It can not only be able to decorating the space, rich environment, the performance of culture,architecture and interior space and be able to color, lighting, materials to build an organic whole, one of the art of building space and integration, thus building the internal environment received a warm elegant artistic realm, and create a variety of human space.4 .modern fiber art and other interior decorative materials of organic combinationBuilding outdoor space and indoor environment are equally important. In order to fully enjoy the well-being and privacy needs, there is room comfort requirements continue to grow. Wall and soft sculpture such as fiber arts as interior decorations, in Europe, America and developed a wide range of applications. People depending on fabric wall hanging with painting, piano, etc. as a symbol of wealth, its interior decoration and furnishings on the important position. They were wool, cotton, hemp, silk as raw material, or several kinds of soft materials, mix, to textiles, winding, hitch, Stitch and other production means, the creation of planar and three-dimensional image of a form of art. for the Doubletree Suites Hotel in Seattle, the United States designed the fabric of space are "soft sculpture" masterpiece. The enormous size of the painting, covered the entire building interior space. Enormous stretching to different directions with different curvature of the surface, so that people's attention in line with the surface and the exercise of the process, have a relaxed feel. Renoir's "Autumn natural" is also such a work. In domestic hotels, restaurants, senior housing has been increasingly used in fabrics, to beautify the room. The use of decorative fabric walls, the thickness of the fabric itself and visual thickness attached to the wall for people to add a warm feeling for the add gorgeous home atmosphere. Color of the interior environment of the interior space sensitivity, comfort, atmosphere, efficient use of people's psychological and physical have a great impact, indoor environment, color is the soul of the design of the indoor environment. In a fixed environment, the first to break into our visual senses are color, while the most appealing is the color. Different colors can give rise to different psychological feelings, good color environment is the ideal combination of these feelings. People from the harmonious and eye color in the United States have a reverie, Transformation for the love, go far beyond the limitations of the interior. Those who can move the furniture, fabrics, such as the middle area of color in fact constitute the indoor environment are the most important part, but also to create various shades of the most basic factors. Indoor environment in the most easy to change a small area of color, such as wall hanging, cushion, decorative products, are often the most prominent use of strong color played a role in the finishing touch. Modern fiber art has been to enter the modern family, with other interior decorative materials of organic combination of each other, with its light color, shape, texture and permutation and combination, more decorative and enhance the interior decoration of the artistic effect, and the use of color changes in the strength and scope of control has received prominent and rendering interior of the main centers and the level of the proportion of space, add space for artistic effect, gives luxuriousstyle, comfort and harmonious, practical experience perfect.5. ConclusionModern fiber art materials are natural fiber, synthetic fiber, metal fiber, etc.; techniques can be dyed, embroidery, knitting, guitar, pestering, bypass, looping, up, etc.; shape can be planar, three-dimensional space. It relies on different patterns, together with the space environment, it's visual, tactile perception, such as the United States get more pleasure. An absolutely beautiful, high taste fiber art, be able to establish a more pleasant atmosphere of the indoor environment. In the modern interior design environment, fiber art has a modern interior decoration is becoming an important component of its decoration in the family played a very important role.。
室内设计英语词汇大全
室内设计英语词汇大全1. Architecture - 建筑2. Interior design - 室内设计3. Space planning - 空间规划4. Layout - 布局5. Floor plan - 平面图6. Colour scheme - 色彩方案7. Furniture - 家具8. Lighting - 照明9. Wall coverings - 墙壁覆盖物10. Upholstery - 软家具11. Window treatments - 窗帘和窗饰12. Flooring - 地板材料13. Textiles - 纺织品14. Accessories - 饰品15. Décor - 装饰16. Artwork - 艺术品17. 3D rendering - 3D 渲染18. Construction - 施工19. Renovation - 翻新20. Schematic design - 方案设计21. Design concept - 设计概念22. Material selection - 材料选择23. Space utilization - 空间利用24. Traffic flow - 交通流量25. Environmental friendly design - 环保设计26. Sustainable design - 可持续设计27. Ergonomics - 人类工程学28. Functionality - 功能性29. Aesthetics - 美学30. Proportion - 比例31. Balance - 平衡32. Harmony - 和谐33. Texture - 质感34. Scale - 尺度35. Contrast - 对比36. Focal point - 焦点37. Accent - 强调元素38. Natural lighting - 自然光39. Artificial lighting - 人工光40. Task lighting - 功能灯饰41. Ambient lighting - 环境灯光42. Recessed lighting - 嵌入式照明43. Pendant lighting - 吊灯44. Track lighting - 轨道灯45. Chandelier - 吊灯46. Sconce - 壁灯47. Wallpaper - 壁纸48. Paint - 涂料49. Wall paneling - 墙板。
个性化办公空间室内设计外文文献翻译最新
外文文献原文+译文原文The research of personalized office space interior designMartin GAbstractIn the 21st century, human society entered the "information age", most countries in the world also has gradually into the "post industrial society". In the era of "post industrial society", based on computer technology, network technology and information technology characteristics of the information society will change our mode of production, life style, work style and way of thinking, affects every aspect of our lives. The development of network makes the world becomes smaller and smaller, and the city became big assimilation, life becomes urbanization, people lost the passion of pursuing new and change. In this era of homogeneity, any new things will make people feel excited and delighted, can someone as the cheers and applause, pursuing new and change is the slogan of The Times. The life needs, design calls for more personalized works. Make public individual character, in the field of design innovation is the slogan. The personality is the soul of interior design, interior design for individual work.Keywords: Human nature; Personalized; Office space; Interior design1 IntroductionIn calling upon the personality in the field of interior design, on the one hand, people demand more attention to person itself, also in the interior design is also more to embody the "people-oriented" design concept. Interior design more consideration to all levels of people of different physiological and psychological level, the various requirements of the design to achieve more balance, balance the dual requirement of people in the material world and spiritual world, tend to be more humane, intelligent and ecological design. Gradually reduce, on the other hand, as the earth's resources, the worsening of the natural environment, destruction of ecological balance, need more of is in interior design "people-oriented" dialectic, which is in the life to promote energy conservation, saving resource and moderate consumption, on thedesign to implement green design, ecological design and environmental design, achieve the harmonious development of man and nature.In the field of interior design, office space occupied large proportion of interior design. In August 1933 C AM (international association of modern architecture) fourth conference in Athens by the Athens charter, and put forward the "live, work, transportation activities is to study and analysis of urban design in modern times, the most basic classification". Work is one of the main human activities, office space is the center of the modern life, and people have a third day of the time want to be in the office. Well-designed personalized office space people can keep a good balance of body and mind, stimulate creativity, promote the exchange of work, and enhance the sense of belonging, to create greater wealth for the society. Therefore, office space interior design is particularly important.2 Overview of interior designInterior design, also known as the indoor environment design, the main content of the design for indoor plane design and space combination, indoor surface art processing, and indoor furniture, lamps and lanterns, display the selection and arrangement, etc. Generally have the floor plan, flat-topped diagram, facade expansion plan, as well as furniture, lamps and lanterns and detail drawing. Can use Gantt chart or color rendering." As an independent professional interior design, in the world is truly established in the 1960 s, after the birth of modern architecture movement is interior design professional agent directly, make indoor design in design idea and great changes have taken place in modern architecture movement one by one to make indoor decoration from pure interface to the design of the space; from the traditional pattern of two-dimensional space design to create innovative four-dimensional model; the essence lies in the overall artistic atmosphere of interior space to create, this is the traditional way of thinking of interior design a fundamental shift in attitudes.Interior design is a comprehensive strong cross discipline, is the art and science, the unity of form and technique. Art and science, as human beings to know the world and transform the world's two most powerful means, also reflected in the design. Cansay, the whole process of design, is to make all sorts of subtle things and feelings, organized into a clear concept and art forms, so as to build content to demand the materialization of human emotions and behavior. All design practice is to make the knowledge and the characteristics of emotional streamline, ultimately comes down to this practice aesthetics system in the form of art and scientific theory system. Any kind of design results is the crystallization of art and science, the design is on the brink of between arts and science subjects. Here, the art as a source of design thinking, reflected in people's spiritual world, subjective emotional aesthetic consciousness become design create impulsion. Science as a design specification of the process manifests itself in the material world, people of objective function of technology using the designing a guarantee of success. That reflect more outstanding in the indoor design, modern interior design involves the aesthetic psychology, architecture, sociology, ethnology, human body engineering, structural engineering, architectural physics and material science disciplines, such as it requires the use of multidisciplinary knowledge, comprehensive multi-level space environment design, is a highly integrated comprehensive discipline. Interior design as an independent comprehensive discipline, is the rational creation method in architectural interior space, is a kind of based on the structure of science, to the art form of expression, to create a spiritual space and material space and indoor living environment for the rational creation activity, the sensibility of art together and scientific rationality as the designers create infinite power.Interior design is a category of design, all aspects of the design of the full performance characteristics. Design is to seek a breakthrough in the artistic feeling, an extraordinary, a characteristic of the state, while in this state and breakthrough collectively known as personalized design. Personalized embodied in interior design in the modern office space more to highlight, even far beyond the spiritual and cultural requirements of the space environment is responsible for. It requires that reflects the unique style of enterprise culture, policy makers, tolerance and style, the collective image of the company, the company's historical development and even the company's product characteristic image, and so on. Interior design of individual ischaracter on the premise of "people-oriented". The "people-oriented" can be understood as interior design some of the common requirements, design some aspects of personality development of functional factors, including interior space of the physical environment, physical environment and psychological environment and visual environment and other factors. Personalized office space interior design should be based on these factors.Interior design of individual is character on the guideline of "environmental consciousness". In be being designed indoors, "people-oriented" design concept represents human intuitive understanding of their own interests, reflects the value judgment of anthropocentrism and value orientation, the design of the forming rule of nature theory system and methodology. However, due to human easily swayed by utilitarianism, simply emphasize the "people-oriented", is bound to damage the natural value to achieve the purpose of remaking nature. Should be in the development of interior design development under the guidance of overall environment consciousness, personalized interior design should merge in the overall environment, and the natural harmonious development of the overall concept of choose and employ persons ideas and planning projects, to carry on the design. Interior design to the idea of ecology and ecological values is the main principle, to fully consider the human environmental sustainable development.3 The change of the post-industrial society office spaceSince the 1990 s, represented by information and communication industry of knowledge-based industries become the growth point of the world's biggest economy, network, digitalization and virtualization become the main characteristics of the new economy. Along with the wide application of Internet technology, the popularity of mobile communication technology development, each kind of electronic office products constantly upgrading, make the human on the basis of constantly improve office efficiency, to the depth and breadth development, continue to deepen the degree of office automation, a new type of office mode, arise. Transmission of information is to reduce line configuration. The development of information technology has brought "virtualization" office building in the 1990S. As mobile phones, notebook computers,the emergence of the Internet and E-mail, office workers actually turned out to be "free agents" (Foot Loose) office place and time of freedom. Information technology is also changed on the concept of work and organization. Divide too fine office space layout is no longer suitable for the new working method emphasizes the interaction of team spirit, so had to create a more open workspace.On the one hand, the scope of information technology makes the work continuously break limit of the space, everywhere in the world. The emergence of new digital office mode and concept, make the enterprise began to put more money into the computer network and related technology, and slash funding for the new office. Many large companies have begun to experiment a new office mode. For example, the "elastic" (Flextime) or "office" alternately (Alternate office) implemented in IBM.IBM for 13000 sales, often, technical and administrative personnel are equipped with computers, printers, fax machines and modem, facilitate everybody work outside the office. A new information system, on the other hand, make development changed about the concept of work and organization, office workers actually turned into "free agents", they enjoy freedom of offices and office hours. Increasing work efficiency of the individual, unit time has created an unprecedented social wealth. The arrival of network age makes "SOHO (Small office, home office) became popular in the world. SOHO narrowed the office space, completely eliminate the space distance of the office and family, to overcome the busy traffic, congestion, the share of energy at the same time, reduces the consumption of resources, good way to solve the problems of land for growing population explosion and the scarce. SOHO works make work life, ever tiresome many working atmosphere in the family to make the person feels interest, the workings of a SOHO has become a mainstream in the future.文献出处：Martin G. The research of personalized office space interior design [J]. California Management Review, 2016, 4(3): 89-101.译文个性化办公空间室内设计研究Martin G摘要21世纪人类社会进入了“信息时代”，世界上大多数国家也已经逐步转入了“后工业社会”。
室内与家具设计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 中英对照 室内设计风格
室内与家具设计外文翻译外文文献英文文献中英对照室内设计风格XXX features classic furniture and ornate details。
XXX。
XXX.XXX what style you choose。
it'XXX in your design。
This means taking a deeper look at the shapes。
colors。
XXX.When choosing a style。
consider your personal taste and the n of the space。
A XXX living room。
while a simple and nal style may be better for a home office.In the end。
the key to XXX it's classical。
simple。
or exquisite。
your XXX of your unique style and taste.XXX journey。
XXX。
you'll start to develop a sense of your preferences and what doesn't appeal to you。
This process will also give you a better understanding of the design process and the vast array of XXX.Be bold and try out different colors and materials to decorate each room according to its intended purpose。
Maximizing natural light is always a great idea。
室内设计中英文对照
常用室内设计词汇-中英文对照室内设计 -interior design 室内设计师 - interior designer 建筑 -architecture建筑师 -architect 景观 -landscape 家具 -furniture 灯光 -lighting 照明 -illumination 家居设计 -residential design 商业设计 -commercial design软装 -FF&E ( furniture fixture and equipment) 人体工程学 -ergonomics 空间 -space 精品酒店 -boutique hotel 草图 -draft or sketch 规格 -specification 汇报或讲解 -presentation 渲染或着色 -rendering 透视 -perspective 规范 -code 对称 -symmetry 不对称 -asymmetry 轴线 -axis空间篇住宅类客厅，起居室—living room 餐厅 -dinning room 玄关 -foyer卧室 -bedroom主卧 -masterbedroom次卧 -secondbedroom客卧 -guestbedroom厨房 -Kitchen 厨岛 kitchen island 书房 -study room衣帽间 -cloakroom卫生间 -bathroom , toilet , bath 储藏室 -storage 楼梯 -stair 阳台 -balcony 花园 -garden 露台 -patio商业类3其他类家具布艺灯具洁具篇1办公类接待处 - reception候客区 -waiting Area or lounge会议室（小型的） -meeting room or seminar 会议室（大型的） -conference room 办公室 - office 经理办公室 manager office 开放式的工作区 -work area多功能室 -multi-function room2酒店类入口 -entrance 出口 -exit过道 -corridor 客房 -guestroom总统套房 -presidentialsuite泳池 -swimming pool 餐厅 -restaurant大堂 -lobby 休闲区 ,等候区 -lounge健身中心— fitness center or gym Spa 备餐 -pantry咖啡厅 -cafe卫生间 -restroom 男 -men's 前厅 -vestibule 宴会厅 -ballroom 行政套房 -executive suite瑜伽 -yoga酒吧 -bar女 women's 影院 -cinema商务中心 -business center 行李间 -luggage store盥洗室 -lavatory天花 -ceiling 长廊 -pavilion 零售店 -retail store 大厅 （ 堂） -hall 展览 -gallery1家具 床-bed 沙发 -sofa 长排沙发，睡椅 -couch椅子 -chair 扶手椅 - armchair 咖啡几 -coffee table边几 -sidetable 角几 -end table 脚凳 -footrest 吧台凳 -stool 书桌 -desk 餐桌 -dinning table梳妆台 -vanity table 柜子 -cabinet 衣柜 -wardrobe镜子 -mirror壁炉 -fireplace书架 -bookshelf2布艺饰品垫衬 -upholstery 壁纸 -wallpaper 烛台 -candlestick 油画 -painting3灯具吊灯 -pendent lighting 灯 -lamp 落地灯 -floor lamp荧光灯 -fluorescent lighting 白炽灯 -incandescent lighting (lamp)轨道射灯 -track lighting 开关 -switch4厨房与洁具水盆 -sink 水龙头 -faucet 冰箱 -refrigerator 抽油烟机 -ventilator 小铁架 -racks 马桶 -toilet 防溅板 -backsplash 小便器 -urinal壁灯 -wall sconce嵌入式灯筒灯 -recessed lighting 洗墙灯 -wall wash 布衣 -fabric织物 -textile 枕头 -pillow靠垫 -cushion窗帘 -curtain 帐幔 -drapery 地毯 -carpet 小毯，垫子 -mat枝形吊灯 -chandelier格栅灯 -grille lamp 烤箱 -oven浴盆 -tub 喷淋 -showerhead 毛巾架 -tower bar材料篇石膏 -plaster 石头 -stone 大理 -marble玻璃 -glass 隔音板 -acoustic panel施工图及其他篇柱子 -column 梁 -beam 太阳能的 -solar 户外的 -outdoor砖 -brick 木地板 -wood floor 复合地板 -laminate floor 枫木 -maple 胡桃 - walnut 柚木 -teak不锈钢 -stainless steel 金属 -metal瓷的 -ceramic 瓷砖 -ceramic tile施工图 -working drawing 天花图 -reflected ceiling plan电气图 -electrical plan 剖面图 -section 空调系统 -HVAC 图表或图例 -schedule or缩写 RCP平面图 -floor plan地面铺装图 -Floor Finish plan立面图 -elevation详图（大样图） - detail drawing比例 -scale尺寸 （标注） dimension-可编辑修改 -THANKS !!!学习课件等等致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
室内设计风格外文翻译
Interior design stylesMary v .knackstedt shanghai 2004Abstract:Architectural style derived from a variety of interior design style, according to designers and owners of the different aesthetic and loving, and turned into a variety of body.Although the hybrid design style eclectic, using a variety of style, but the design is still Originality, in-depth scrutiny shape, color, material and so the overall composition and visual effects.Key words:Style Classical Simple ExquisiteArticle:HOW DO YOU CHOOSE AN interior design style that suits you and your home? You can draw inspiration from numerous styles but try to keep to a similar theme so your interior is coordinated.Modern retro interior design incoprates bright colours and bold patternsThe best place to start is by looking at styles that appeal to you, which suit your budget and lifestyle. You will soon work out what you like and what you don’t. After looking through a few of these you will begin to understand the design process, along with the wide variety of materials and styles available.Don’t be afraid to experiment with different colours and materials; and decorate the room in a style that suits its purpose. There’s nothing better than a room flooded with sunlight so take full advantage of all the natural light in each room.Interior design style and genre, an indoor environment in the spirit of the art modeling and functional areas. Interior design style and genre and construction is often the furniture as well as in close connection with the style and genre; sometimes to the corresponding period of the painting, plastic arts, and even literature, music, etc. in close connection with the style and genre; sometimes to the corresponding period of the painting, plastic arts, and even literary, musical style and genre, such as their origin and mutual influence. For example, in architecture and interiordesign of the "post-modernism" and the meaning of the word, and "camp style" is the distinctive characteristics of a plastic arts schools. Can be seen that the construction addition to interior design and material art materials, engineering and technology beyond the characteristics of close contact, and also literature, music and painting, sculpture and other categories of communication between the arts.The formation of interior design styles, different ideas and characteristics of the times, by creative ideas and performance, and gradually developed into a representative form of interior design. The form of a typical style, usually in the humanities and local factors and is closely related to natural conditions and the need for creativity in design and modeling characteristics. The formation of external and internal style factors.Although the performance in the form of style, but the style of art, culture, social development, such as profound connotation; from this deeper meaning, the style does not stop or equivalent form. A style or genre, once formed, it can turn a positive or a negative impact on culture, arts and many social factors can not be limited to as a form of performance and visual experience.The style of interior design features in the embodiment of art and creative personality at the same time, relatively speaking, to that style across a longer time, will include wide geographical. Interior design style can be divided into: Traditional style, modern style, post-modern style, natural style, as well as hybrid style.Architectural style derived from a variety of interior design style, according to designers and owners of the different aesthetic and loving, and turned into a variety of body. Here, to brief Members on the present 10 kinds of the more common style of interior design.Classical Style (luxurious rich)The rise in the age of just decoration, decoration of most of the pursuit of prosperity is more luxurious style. Especially in the early 20th century, interior decoration to show off their status is often a special form. Owners will be asked to design a variety of embedded symbolic luxury decoration, such as painting the glass ceiling, fireplaces, decorative panels, decorative wood and so on, but basically similar to the Baroque style combined with the material there The main decorative way.Simple style (arbitrary)The 20th century, in some areas a Home heat. Due to technical and material constraints, the time has not yet the true sense of the Home Designer for guidance, so casual is the best portrayal of that time. Owners have begun the pursuit of a clean and bright indoor effect. Today, this style is still the most first-time home buyers are the first choice for the decoration.Exquisite style (noble solemn)After nearly 10 years of exploration, with the improvement of living standards of residents, opening to the outside world increased, people began to yearn for and the pursuit of high-quality life. From about the mid-20th century, there is the decoration of the decorative use of sophisticated materials and furniture, especially at this time, the designer of the domestic into the ranks of Home Design, which has brought a new concept of decoration.Natural style (art)The beginning of the 20th century decorative boom has brought many people to the concept of decoration. A large number of emerging market, Taiwan, Hong Kong journal of decorativeeye-opener for people, before we dare to imagine such a small garden, culture, decorative stone walls and decorative stone such as tactics have appeared in the reality of the design. In particular, we used to see red elm caused by large-scale use of "national renovation a yellow" after the phenomenon of the decoration, close to nature has become a people one of the objectives pursued. Natural style of advocacy, "return to nature," highly aesthetic nature, combined with the natural order in today's high-tech, high-paced social life, so that people can achieve the balance of physical and psychological, so indoor use of wood, fabric, stone and other natural materials shows that the material texture, fresh and elegant. In addition, because of their similar aims and practices, which may be classified as a natural style of garden-style category. Pastoral style sought in indoor environment performance of leisurely, comfortable, natural life of the countryside, and is often the use of natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials simple texture. Coincidentally in the green room settings, creating a natural, simple, elegant atmosphere.Light style (bold Dafang)The mid-20th century, home design ideas have been a lot of liberation, people began to pursue a wide range of design, including modernism, postmodernism, such as the design of a series of more comprehensive system formed in the interior design. Turning to the decoration of people, these "isms" frequently appear in the mouth. This style basically cherry wood finishes as a major.Soft style (smooth independent)In the last century, the beginning of this century, a kind of smooth pursuit in the club like a little luxury design all kinds of real estate properties in the model room and the office appeared, and then appear in a large number of home decoration in general. This style of art is a relatively simple compared to emphasize the content and yet decorative forms, and gradually formed a black walnut wood decorative panels for the main style. Among them, the simplicity and minimalism the beginning of the surface.Style (quiet gentle)This is not in the last century, the beginning of this century as a design style, it is basically a wallpaper based on the surface as the main decoration material, combined with the woodworking practices Mixing this style emphasized the harmony of proportion and color. People will be the last part of a wall and the ceiling the same color, and the wall with the use of a light texture of the wallpaper. The whole style of it is elegant and quiet, with no trace of the impetuous.City style (independent personality)The 21st century, the housing reform, and many young first-time home buyers who appear to have this style impetus. Young people have just bought a house, many of them cos I'm always skint, but this time the real estate and are essentially rough Housing (a non-basic style of decoration), and these young people are forced to carry out the renovation of the revolution . Limited by its financial resources, people are starting to come through a variety of forms has been stressed that "decoration" of perception, in which large-scale use of bright colors is a typical example. It will be at home in the large-scale use of a variety of colors, sometimes even in the same space, the use of three or more than three colors.Fresh style (freehand pastel)This is a simple and derived under the influence with a "petty bourgeoisie" flavor of the interior design style. Particularly as many of the emergence of single people, the petty bourgeoisie in the style of a great deal of variety in the decoration of the apartment. As many times, they do not, such as the residents like the elderly and the children of members, so do not consider the decoration of many of the functions of the problem. They are often stressed and dull of an arbitrary. White纱帘buoyant with a soft fabric of the sofa, and then stacked with a variety of colors of the pillow pile to form a full atmosphere of the interior space lazily.Chinese style (retro)With the emergence of large number of modernist doctrine, the rise of the domestic and a retro style, it is the revival of Chinese-style decoration. Chinese painting, calligraphy and the Ming and Qing furniture constitute the most important elements of Chinese design. However, these expensive retro furniture has become a major obstacle to the lovers.Hybrid styleIn recent years, the architectural design and interior design in general has diversified, inclusive of the situation. Indoor layout also tends to have a modern and practical, but also learn the characteristics of traditional, in the decoration and furnishings in the ancient and modern China and the West melting into one, such as traditional screens, and table setting, with modern style decoration of the walls, windows and doors, a new type of sofa; European classical glass lamps and wall decoration, with the traditional oriental furniture and furnishings in Egypt, and so short. Although the hybrid design style eclectic, using a variety of style, but the design is still Originality, in-depth scrutiny shape, color, material and so the overall composition and visual effects.室内设计风格杰里米•迈尔森上海2004摘要：从建筑风格衍生出多种室内设计风格，根据设计师和业主审美和爱好的不同，又有各种不同的幻化体。
室内设计英语词汇中英文翻译
客厅Livingroom卧室Bedroom书房Study阁楼Loft楼梯Stair楼梯间Stir Well玄关Entrance卫生间Bathromm厨房Kitchenground plan 平面图floor, storey 层ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 楼梯间lift shaft (美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯staircase 楼梯goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator) central heating 暖气ventilation shaft 通风井air conditioning 空调air-conditioned 带空调的flooring (一块)地板floorboard 地板(总称)parquet 木条地板herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板tile 瓷砖terrazzo 磨石子地wall 墙main wall 承重墙partition wall 隔断墙plastering 抹灰skirting board 壁脚板to whitewash 粉刷facade 建筑物正面window 窗basement 地下室penthouse 遮檐,披屋attic, garret 阁楼kitchen 厨房dining room 饭厅living room 起居室lounge 吸烟室,大厅bathroom 浴室toilet 卫生间chimney 烟囱fireplace 壁炉gutter 排水沟drainpipe雨水管,落水管ceiling 天花板flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园roof 屋瓦顶tile, roof tile 瓦sand 沙cement 水泥mortar 灰泥plaster 石膏concrete 混凝土reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土gravel 碎石brick 砖slate 石板marble 石beam 梁,木梁girder 钢梁corrugated iron 波状钢timber 木料,木材pipes 钢管wiring 电器设备promoter 创办人architect 建筑师quantity surveyor 施工技术员draftsman 绘图员civil engineer 道路工程师builder 建筑工人foreman 工头master builder 营造商,建筑工程队队长(master) bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌砖工匠hodman, hod carrier 小工plasterer 抹灰工welder 焊工joiner 工匠electrician 电工glazier 玻璃工匠plumber 管道技工plumber's mate 管道工painter, decorator 油漆工crane driver 吊车司机方案：Design, Scheme初步设计：Primary Design施工图CD: Construction Design Fuction功能区Light灯具Droplight吊灯吸顶灯Entrance入口Living room客厅Sitting room起居室Embed light嵌灯Dinning room餐厅Daylight lamp日光灯Kitchen厨房Reflect down light筒灯Office书房Quartz down-light石英灯Master bedroom主卧房Votage track light射灯Quest bedroom客卧Track light轨道灯Children bedroom儿童房Picture light镜画灯Hiding light暗藏灯管Projection room视听室Dressing room更衣室Wall lamp壁灯Storeroom储藏室Reading lamp台灯Master bathroom主卫Floor lamp落地灯Bathroom卫生间Bathroom fixture卫生洁具Wash room洗衣房Staircase楼梯Washbowl洗手台[台盆] Aisle过道Water faucet水龙头Closestool座便器Gazebe阳台Urinal小便斗Garden花园Bathtab浴缸Swimming pool游泳池Shower bath淋浴房Furniture家具Wiring电器设备Cupboard厨房橱柜Television电视机Drink box酒柜Sound box音响Bar吧台Washer洗衣机Dinning table餐桌Bedstand床头柜Bed床Bookcase书柜Chest of drawers五斗矮柜Electrical outlet插座Chest of drawers藏衣柜Switch开关TV set电视柜Air-condition空调Tea table茶几Immersion heater电热水壶Sofa沙发Electric cooker电饭褒Reclining chair躺椅Macrowave oven微波炉Chair椅子Refrigeratory冰箱American interior design; 美国室设计American interior designer; 美国室设计师Residential design; 私家住宅设计；Villa design (single family home design); 别墅设计；Office design; 办公室设计；mercial design; 非住宅设计（商务楼设计；写字楼设计；公共场所设计）Californian interior design; 加州室设计Californian interior designer; 加州室设计师Model home design; 样板房设计Clubhouse interior design;会所室设计American furniture design;美国家具设计Foreign interior design; 外国室设计Foreign interior designer; 外国室设计师PLAN —设计方案Interior design –室设计Exterior 室外Landscape design –景观设计Architecture design –建筑设计designer –设计师baseplan –基础建筑图floor plan –平面图elevation -立面图RCP = 天花吊顶设计= Reflected Ceiling Plan electric plan = 电线走线图furniture plan –家具布置平面图interior plant plan –室植物摆放图window schedule –窗表door schedule –门表美国室设计有两种合同：一种叫做specification，就是只设计，不负责采购室设；另外一种是turnkey，字面意思就是交钥匙，设计师负责设计同时也负责采购室全部用品用具，包括家具、摆设、艺术皮、画、床上用品、地毯等。
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附录A 中文译文室内装潢设计随着全球经济一体化进程的加快，WTO也以势不可挡的趋势进入中国，国外装饰行业也会象其它行业一样大举抢滩中国最后一块沃土。
博大而古老的中国正在不断经受着外来经济和文化的“侵略”，很多有见地的业界人士都在思考酝酿着国内装饰行业的发展和方向。
应该欣慰的看到，国内装饰行业从无到有虽只有短短的十五六年的时间，但已成为支柱产业并带动一大批相关产业和人员的发展，并成为空前繁荣的市场。
从业人员已经脱胎换骨，同第一批前辈有了量和质的飞跃。
因为第三个梯形编队, 更加年轻的世代所有并且接受好教育和知识逐渐影响, 是在这个行业最新的血液。
作者居住在装饰行业被开发的美国和一次工作了几年, 那里有理解对装饰行业。
首先一点是必须说明的，由于两国的政治体制、综合经济实力、社会背景和文化价值观念的不同，因而在装饰行业也有着及国内不同的行业规范、经营管理模式美国室内设计协会ASID（American Society Interior Designers），IIDA国际室内设计协会，美国建筑师学会AIA，美国建筑透视图工作者协会ASAP，这些都是及建筑装饰相关的专业协会。
同国内一样，是行业组织的专业学会，拥有自己的会刊、因特网站，负责评审鉴定设计师的资质和资格。
一定包括年卓著的工作评估。
学社会通常出版领域最新的倾向, 新闻, 重点题目, 工作介绍, 新材料, 新技术促进在出版物的各种各样的问题, 和提供所有成员的通信, 联络方法, 为了所有者和物质生产工厂相互连接、学术社会和出版物主要依赖性会员资格应得物和广告。
当然，他们还会不定期地各种专业性较强的研讨会，加强行业专业的信息沟通交流，同国内所不同的是，美国的室内设计从业者是须有执业资格的（即持证上岗），不只是室内设计，甚至是布艺、园艺、陈设品、家具皆如此。
当然，加入协会也是需要考核的，必须通过严格的专业考核（FIDER）。
协会的工作不仅仅是加强会员间联系，更重要的是维护室内装饰从业人员的权益和利益，制定行业规范，避免不正当竞争，使业界从业人员有一个良好的机制，维护行业的良性循环。
据悉，北京市也将实行室内设计师从业执照制度。
装饰材料市场.美国是个高度垄断化的商业社会，建材装饰业同样也是遍布全美。
大型超市的一大优势就是可以以较低的价格、最快的信息和运输渠道，较好的服务方式，满足用户。
以我常去的HQ为例，巨大的超市宛如飞机制造厂，大至原木、板材、石膏板，小至各种规格螺钉、铁丝，全部都归类明确，一丝不苟条理分明的摆放着，上面极清楚的标明价格、规格、包装，同时，又有专业的售货员为你服务，绝对童叟无欺。
你要的每样东西，店员会清楚的告知你价格、优惠幅度……清清楚楚的打印出购物单证、价格，并允许在规定时间内无条件退货、换货。
一方面，美国人崇尚自己动手，一方面，劳动力的昂贵，使建材超市的货品大多是工业化的半成品，并配套卖很多关于如何自己动手作装饰的书和录像带，回去看看，自己动手作即可。
除了上述几家大型超市外，其余就象服装样品店一样，都是各专业厂家或专营某种品牌的连锁店，如专卖灯具、家具，专卖布艺，专卖某种风格装饰品的店Pielimports Potter Ybarn……高度的专业化分工，充分满足个性化的需求，无论你需要什么风格、材料，甚至某个国家、某个年代时期的装饰品、家具，都可以在这里找到和定制。
巨大的装饰材料配套市场充分满足了不同风格、个性业主及设计师的需求，可以原汁原味的体现整体设计的概念。
随着国内金融体制的改革，信用也逐渐走进我们的生活，记得“北京青年报”曾对个人信用的概念和范围作过些讨论，在此不再赘述。
国家也把守信用、重合同放在衡量企业经营标准之一，希望我们的装饰材料经销、生产商多一些诚实本分的信用，维护良好的市场环境，希望我们的室内设计从业人员，及早地认识到，信用如同学历、知识一样，是你的个人价值体现。
国内及国外在室内装修设计上的区别根本在于经济基础及上层建筑的不同，因而导致在价值观和审美观设计理念、设计认识上的根本区别。
我以为，这是首要和必须的前提。
以中美两国室内设计从根本认识上的不同可以看出，美国室内设计所崇尚的风格是个性化、自然化，对室内设计的认识是整体的，空间的，而非表面的装饰的，注重设计，而非装饰表象。
我觉得这个话题太大也太专业，因为透过室内设计表面，太多地是反映出不同国家不同人的价值观、审美观，包括中国的室内教育本身，它的立足点和出发点是截然不同的。
记得曾看到一些文章，质疑中国的设计教育（包括室内设计）是颇有见地的。
文章认为，首先国内的室内设计教育注意表面的、装饰的，而非建筑在室内空间的延续，或曰室内建筑。
建筑师和室内设计师是不沟通的，无论对建筑的外延还是内涵，对建筑整体及局部变化、主次变化、材料联系、风格统一的完整性，都是互相脱节、毫无关联的，这点从根本上就及国外有着根本的不同。
首先，美国的室内设计师有着较好的从业氛围。
一、有业主的完全信任委托和对设计工作的尊重，有明确清晰的投资意向及经营方案，业主只提出要求，设计师负责全面的设计及规划，包括总体创意、局部空间设计，直至陈设、用具，所提供的是一个完整的空间整体设计。
而国内的设计则是顶、地、四面墙，除此之外要么不设计，要么就无能为力了。
此中难言之隐，想必大家都清楚。
二、经济基础和整个社会价值观、审美观的不同导致了设计风格的不同。
众所周知，中国刚刚摆脱贫困，迈向小康，急于昭示自己的“实力”和“富有”，于是，无论是我们甲方还是我们自身，都习惯性的认为，凡是好的设计，必是复杂的造型和昂贵的材料，必是罗马柱和抛光花岗岩。
于是，我们有了千篇一律的五星级宾馆、星级酒店、豪华餐厅、保龄球馆……我们的设计人员每天忙于画餐厅、KTV包间、桑拿……希望我们每个设计人员，在醉心于造型、线条、色彩、材料之时，多注重一些尺度，多注重一些文化内涵，多关心一些环保，多研究一些美及实用的关系。
国内工程投标中效果图大战的情况就不用多说了，大家都是受益者的同时也都是受害者。
据说，有些公司准备用电脑动画来投标、作方案，这股风气蔓延下去，作一个卫生间都要全方位演示，都要吃喝、桑拿加按摩，岂不可悲。
希望我们从业者本身要多关注设计本身而非效果图。
我想，能做到以上几点的确很难，然而，如果离开了复杂造型和豪华材料，就不会作设计则更惨。
同样是室内设计，在国外，已经高度分工，有专作商业设计，也有专作宾馆、酒店，有专作信息产业高科技的，也有专作风情地方特色的……高度社会化分工要求设计人员在某一领域中更专业、更详尽。
室内设计界人士应该警惕地看到，国外的设计师同样也在准备大举抢占市场。
看看北京、上海的一些大型公共建筑，无一不是请的国外建筑师及室内设计师。
国内的同行若再不注意提高，则岌岌可危。
以我所在的城市，在美国也算中等规模，装饰公司、设计公司，远不及国内这样密集，设计、装饰公司能有表现的机会并不多，凡有工程项目，不容易看出装修工程及周围鲜明的反差。
因为它们无论是土建工程、建材行业、陈设品行业、家具、灯具、面料这些室内装饰的因素整体设计、工艺水平都很高，配套兼容性强，所有的商品直接买来摆放就已效果不错，如无特殊要求，根本不需装修公司。
由于文化背景不同，东西方在审美上的追求也是截然不同的，体现在室内装修设计和用材上。
欧美崇尚自然，尽可能地从地理、心理和感觉上靠近自然，喜欢天然材质如木材、石材，欣赏植物的自然形态，家具的天然质感，尊重手工艺品。
其实，这都是在高度发达的物质基础上，人对自然美的渴望和回归。
强调个性的追求，使美国的设计艺术呈现出丰富多样，各种风格、流派都可得到发展，并拥有各自不同的消费阶层。
同美国的教育一样，设计师在做学生，甚至在中小学、幼儿园时，所注重的不是考试成绩，学习的目地也不是为了高考升学，他们很注重动手能力和创造性思维方法的培养、鼓励个性，倡导思考，为日后工作的创造性，提供了一个良好的思维方式基础，学生毕业时须通过专业资格考试即FIDER，FIDER的基本出发点是一套完整的室内设计专业教育，应该是一个平衡的系统，既提供知识面宽广的文化教育，又传授专业实践所必须掌握的专业技能，FIDER标准在专业学习方面有八类内容：1、艺术基础及创造力培养 2、理论基础3、室内设计 4、技术知识5、设计表现技能 6、职业实践知识7、艺术及设计8、研究能力其中每一类又可细分为很多分支类别，如室内设计，包括居家环境和非居家环境，非居家环境设计又被分为商业环境、办公环境、零售、展览、饭店、酒店及文教卫生等，每一个方面又都包括人体工程学、特殊环境设计、设计处理过程（设计任务策划、设计构思、设计评估、空间组织、家具布置及选择、特殊用途设计、细节设计（色彩、材料、灯光、家具设备及纺织品……））学生应该掌握这类专业知识，并能运用到具体设计中。
他们特别强调学生的独立思考、独创性和解决问题的能力，强调广泛的知识面，重视创造性思维的培养。
尤其是职业实践知识，要求学生到施工现场或公司里实习，以缩短从学校到社会的距离，国内事实也如此，在学生毕业招聘中，社会或公司往往需要的是有实践经验工作两年左右的学生，他们具有新的思想和一定的专业技能，直接可以进行到最佳的工作状态。
强调对学生学习研究能力的培养，即设计策划和过程处理，由美国室内教育内容及考核标准FIDER可以看出，这是一个合格设计师应该接受的教育模式和内容。
21世纪是信息化的社会，商业信息、设计信息……处在这个大环境下的设计师，更应该时时提高自己对信息的重视程度，接受最新的设计理论和行业动态，及时的调整自己，最快的知道新材料、新技术、新思想，及时地及同行沟通及商务交往。
国外的设计公司、设计学院，甚至很多设计师自己，都拥有自己的电子信箱和因特网站，用来对外交流、展示和商业活动，设计师通过信息高速公路，加快了互相之间的沟通，缩短了时空，在这一点上，国内的装饰行业或院校都作得很不够，绝大多数还在传统经营模式中徘徊。
记得曾看过美国的一个设计院校学生的网上讨论及作品发表，从设计开始直至结束，每一过程均上网。
同样，作为在写字楼和设计公司中工作的设计师，也可以完全通过另一种方式选择材料、样板，通过上网，通过装饰材料商业网站，直接和生产企业联系，取得最新资料。
装饰材料生产企业的商品目录、价格也通过网络、光碟等新的载体，向外发布。
所以室内设计，装饰行业也像其它所有行业一样，同样经历着一场“技术革命”。
可喜的是，国内装饰行业已逐渐认识到及世界的距离，首先在观念、思想上争取和国际接轨，在行业管理及相关的法律法规上逐步完善和健全。
令我感受最深的是，美国人崇尚自然，尊敬大自然，他们对建筑、对室内设计的追求也同样基于这点。
美国的民居，甚至办公楼都是用木或石、钢结构，室内只是最简单的乳胶漆或化纤地毯，极少有国内昂贵的木夹板、木材、纯木地板、名贵石材或金属。