Governing Climate Change in Brazilian Coastal Cities＂ Risks and Strategies
全球气候治理的英语作文
全球气候治理的英语作文Title: Global Climate Governance: A Call to Action。
Climate change is an urgent global challenge that demands concerted efforts from all nations. Effective global climate governance is essential to address this issue and mitigate its devastating impacts. In this essay, we will explore the importance of global climate governance and discuss potential strategies for tackling this critical issue.First and foremost, it is imperative to recognize the interconnected nature of climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions know no borders, and the consequences of climate change are felt worldwide. Therefore, addressing this challenge requires collaboration and coordination among nations. Global climate governance provides a framework for countries to work together, share knowledge and resources, and collectively combat climate change.One of the key components of global climate governance is international agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Signed in 2015, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The agreement represents a landmark achievement in international cooperation on climate change. However, more ambitious action is needed to achieve its goals.In addition to international agreements, global climate governance encompasses a wide range of initiatives at the regional, national, and local levels. These initiatives include renewable energy policies, carbon pricing mechanisms, and efforts to promote sustainable development. By implementing these measures, countries can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy.Furthermore, global climate governance must address the disproportionate impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations, including indigenous communities, small islandstates, and low-income countries. These communities often bear the brunt of climate change despite having contributed the least to the problem. Therefore, any effective climate governance framework must prioritize equity and justice.Technology also plays a crucial role in global climate governance. Advancements in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon capture and storage can help reduce emissions and mitigate climate change. However, technology alone is not sufficient. Policy interventions and behavioral changes are also necessary to accelerate the transition to a sustainable future.Education and public awareness are essential aspects of global climate governance. By raising awareness about the causes and consequences of climate change, we can mobilize public support for action. Education also empowers individuals to make informed choices and adopt sustainable lifestyles.Finally, global climate governance must be adaptive and resilient in the face of evolving challenges. Climatechange is a complex and dynamic issue, and our responses must be flexible enough to accommodate new information and changing circumstances. By fostering innovation and collaboration, we can build a more resilient future for generations to come.In conclusion, global climate governance is essential for addressing the urgent threat of climate change. By working together at the international, national, and local levels, we can reduce emissions, promote sustainable development, and build a more resilient future. The time for action is now, and we must seize this opportunity to safeguard our planet for future generations.。
生态系统韧性提升应对气候变化的能力英语作文
生态系统韧性提升应对气候变化的能力英语作文Title: Enhancing Ecosystem Resilience to Combat Climate ChangeIn the face of the unprecedented challenges posed by climate change, the resilience of our ecosystems has emerged as a vital defense mechanism. Ecosystem resilience refers to the capacity of natural systems to absorb disturbances, maintain their essential functions, and adapt to new conditions without losing their overall structure and identity. Strengthening this resilience is imperative for mitigating the impacts of climate change and ensuring a sustainable future for all life on Earth.Ecosystems as BuffersEcosystems, from coral reefs to forests and wetlands, act as natural buffers against extreme weather events, droughts, floods, and sea-level rise. Their intricate webs of life support biodiversity, regulate water cycles, sequester carbon, and purify air and water. By enhancing their resilience, we fortify these natural barriers, reducing the severity of climate-related disasters and safeguarding human well-being.Restoration and ConservationRestoring degraded ecosystems and conserving intact ones are cornerstone strategies for boosting resilience. This involves reforestation to increase carbon sequestration, restoring wetlands to manage water flows, and protecting coral reefs to maintain marine biodiversity. Conservation efforts also encompass safeguarding habitats critical for species migration and adaptation, ensuring ecological connectivity across landscapes.Adaptive ManagementAdaptive management is a flexible approach that incorporates learning from ecosystem responses to guide future interventions. By continuously monitoring ecosystem health and adjusting management strategies based on new data, we can better anticipate and address the evolving challenges of climate change. This proactive approach fosters resilience by enabling ecosystems to adapt and thrive in a changing environment.Community EngagementEmpowering local communities to participate in ecosystem managementis crucial. Community-led conservation efforts foster a sense of ownership and responsibility, leading to more sustainable practices. These initiatives often integrate traditional knowledge with modern science, enhancing resilience by leveraging the collective wisdom of those most intimately connected to the land and sea.Policy SupportStrong policies and international agreements are essential to scaling up resilience-building efforts. Governments must prioritize investments in ecosystem restoration, conservation, and climate adaptation. International cooperation is vital, as climate change is a global challenge requiring coordinated responses. By aligning policies and sharing best practices, nations can work together to enhance ecosystem resilience and mitigate climate risks.ConclusionEnhancing ecosystem resilience is a fundamental strategy for combating climate change and securing a resilient future. By restoring and conserving ecosystems, adopting adaptive management, engaging communities, and supporting policy frameworks, we can fortify nature'sdefenses and pave the way for a more sustainable planet. As we face the ongoing threat of climate change, nurturing the resilience of our ecosystems is not just an option; it is a necessity.Translation:标题：增强生态系统抵御气候变化的能力面对气候变化带来的前所未有的挑战，我们生态系统的复原力已成为一种重要的防御机制。
高一英语气候政策分析单选题30题
高一英语气候政策分析单选题30题1.The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. What is the main purpose of this agreement?A.Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.B.Increase fossil fuel consumption.C.Neglect environmental protection.D.Destroy natural habitats.答案：A。
选项A 的意思是减少温室气体排放，《巴黎协定》的主要目的就是减少温室气体排放以限制全球变暖。
选项B 增加化石燃料消耗与协定目的相悖。
选项 C 忽视环境保护错误。
选项 D 破坏自然栖息地也不符合协定目的。
2.Many countries are implementing renewable energy policies. What is the main benefit of renewable energy?A.Pollute the environment.B.Save natural resources.C.Harm wildlife.D.Cause climate change.答案：B。
选项B 的意思是节约自然资源，可再生能源的主要好处就是节约自然资源。
选项A 污染环境错误。
选项C 伤害野生动物不对。
选项D 引起气候变化错误。
3.The carbon tax is a policy measure to encourage companies toreduce emissions. What does a carbon tax do?A.Increase emissions.B.Encourage sustainable development.C.Hinder economic growth.D.Destroy the environment.答案：B。
国家对气候的看法英语作文
国家对气候的看法英语作文Climate change is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed urgently. The impact of global warming is becoming more evident, with extreme weather events happening more frequently.Countries need to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the rise in global temperatures. It is crucial for governments to take decisive action to protect the environment and ensure a sustainable future for the planet.The Paris Agreement is a significant step in the right direction, but more needs to be done to meet the targets set out in the agreement. Countries must commit to transitioning to renewable energy sources and implementing policies that promote sustainability.The effects of climate change are already being felt around the world, from rising sea levels to more intensehurricanes and wildfires. It is essential for countries to adapt to these changes and invest in resilience measures to protect their populations.The youth are leading the charge in demanding action on climate change, with movements like Fridays for Future gaining momentum. It is inspiring to see young people taking a stand and pushing for meaningful change.Governments must listen to the voices of their citizens and prioritize climate action in their policies and decision-making processes. The time to act is now, beforeit is too late to reverse the damage done to our planet.。
Climate Change in Developing Countries
Climate Change in Developing Countries Climate change in developing countries is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and action. These countries are often the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, despite contributing the least to global greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and changing precipitation patterns, have the potential to exacerbate existing challenges in these countries, including poverty, food insecurity, and inadequate infrastructure. One of the most significant challenges that developing countries face in addressing climate change is the lack of financial resources and technological capabilities. Many of these countries struggle to meet the basic needs of their populations, let alone invest in climate mitigation and adaptation measures. As a result, they often rely on external assistance and funding to support their efforts to combat climate change. However, the availability and accessibility of such support can be inconsistent and insufficient, leaving these countries ill-equipped to cope with the impacts of a changing climate. Furthermore, the unequal distribution of the burden of climate change exacerbates the challenges faced by developing countries. While these countries contribute minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions, they often bear the brunt of the consequences. This inequity is unjust and further perpetuates the cycle of poverty and vulnerability in these nations. It is crucial for developed countries and the international community to acknowledge and address thisdisparity by providing adequate support and assistance to help developing countries build resilience and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Inaddition to the environmental and economic implications, climate change in developing countries also has profound social and human impacts. Displacement, loss of livelihoods, and food insecurity are just some of the consequences that communities in these countries face as a result of a changing climate. These challenges can lead to increased vulnerability, social unrest, and conflicts, further undermining the stability and development of these nations. It isessential to recognize the human dimension of climate change and prioritize the well-being and livelihoods of the people most affected by its impacts. Addressing climate change in developing countries requires a multi-faceted approach thatintegrates environmental, social, and economic considerations. This includes supporting sustainable development initiatives, investing in renewable energy and clean technologies, and enhancing the resilience of vulnerable communities. Moreover, empowering local communities and ensuring their participation indecision-making processes is critical for the success and sustainability ofclimate action in these countries. By fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing, we can work towards building a more inclusive and equitable response to climate change that benefits all nations, regardless of their level of development. In conclusion, climate change in developing countries is a complex and urgentissue that demands a concerted global effort. It is essential to recognize the unique challenges and vulnerabilities faced by these nations and to prioritizetheir needs in the international climate agenda. By addressing the financial, technological, and social barriers that hinder their ability to adapt to achanging climate, we can work towards building a more just and sustainable futurefor all. It is crucial for the international community to come together andsupport developing countries in their efforts to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change, ensuring a more equitable and resilient world for generationsto come.。
完型+语法填空集训拔高 十一(新高考)
9月9日中秋作业完型专练一、完形填空Yesterday I was doing some shopping and a man, who was in worn clothes, walked towards a group of us at the checkout stand (收银台). I ___1___him say to one woman in front of me, “I don’t want to steal from this store… would you ____2____me some food?” But the woman ______3______not to hear him; it was ___4___she hadn’t seen him, I waited for my ___5___to be questioned, but it never came. So I asked him, “Can I buy you something to eat?”He ___6___accepted. The man got a ___7___and began putting sandwiches in the bag. As my ___8___were being rung up (结账), I watched the man put the sandwiches into the bag; 1, 2, 3… He finally stopped and I asked him how many he had got and he answered 10.The ___9___cashier (收银员) looked at me for a while and then added them to my____10____. After I was through, the man was wandering around the store saying he wanted something to ____11____, too. The cashier seemed to be keeping a(n) ____12____eye on him. I admit I was too, as I didn’t want him to ____13____ anything either! I told the cashier that if he got a drink I’d just ____14____it.We both ended up ____15____the store, but he stood outside talking to himself. Or maybe he was talking with someone who he thought was there.1．A．heard B．helped C．had D．made2．A．make B．lend C．buy D．send3．A．expected B．forgot C．pretended D．regretted4．A．if only B．now that C．even though D．as if5．A．power B．turn C．duty D．honor6．A．patiently B．angrily C．gladly D．unhappily7．A．box B．pocket C．bag D．coat8．A．books B．expressions C．tips D．goods9．A．proud B．surprised C．satisfied D．encouraged10．A．order B．address C．form D．menu11．A．write B．play C．drink D．eat12．A．polite B．close C．unconcerned D．kind13．A．fill B．touch C．choose D．steal14．A．set down B．pay for C．give up D．put away15．A．visiting B．entering C．closing D．leaving“Do I really want to go through with this?” Have you ever asked yourself that question?Sometimes in life, there are moments when you ____16____ if you will be able to handle the responsibilities ahead of you.For me, these ____17____ come daily, whether it's taking a test or working. But one Saturday afternoon, my family and I were ____18____around when my dad pulled into a small mall. Little did I realize we were going to a_____19_____store where a new member would be ____20____to our family.As my dad parked our car, I figured we would just take a ____21____ look and then leave. After a while, my dad called us over. He was standing next to my mom, looking at several cats.I began to think, “Are we ____22____ a cat?”My dad asked, “So guys, you like any of these?”My brother said “Yes！”before I could open my ____23____.When I pictured feeding the cat, cleaning it and giving it water, all of these responsibilities felt ____24____ to me. Would I be able to handle them? After all, I would have to live a more adult-like _____25_____ if I got a cat. Later on, after _____26_____ that we should get a cat, I thought about this new phase of my life. I realized that the _____27_____ I make can affect my future.Looking back, I find that I have been able to _____28_____ the responsibility of owning a cat. Some tasks may be_____29_____, but that doesn't mean they can't be accomplished. You _____30_____ need to do your best in order to push past them.16．A．explain B．wonder C．express D．announce17．A．activities B．chances C．expectations D．moments18．A．driving B．passing C．walking D．moving19．A．car B．food C．book D．pet20．A．returned B．introduced C．delivered D．attracted21．A．quick B．curious C．formal D．careful22．A．feeding B．preparing C．getting D．training23．A．mouth B．heart C．bag D．mind24．A．interesting B．confusing C．enjoyable D．heavy25．A．dream B．life C．hobby D．effort26．A．agreeing B．refusing C．ignoring D．advising27．A．efforts B．replies C．decisions D．comments28．A．think of B．deal with C．talk about D．connect with29．A．exciting B．easy C．possible D．challenging30．A．extremely B．really C．simply D．probably15 years spent in the field of education has provided me with treasured moments. One of the most priceless happened when I was teaching second grade, 10 years ago.In May of the fourth quarter, I decided to ___31___ something special for the children: A Mother’s Day tea. We put our ___32___ together to come up with ideas of how to ___33___ our mothers. We decided to hold our tea the Friday before Mother’s Day. Each child took home an invitation and I was ___34___ to see that every mother was planning to attend. I even invited my own mother.Finally the ___35___ day arrived. At 1:45 that afternoon, each child lined up at our classroom waiting for the___36___ of his or her mom. As it got closer to starting time, I looked around and my eyes quickly found Jimmy. His mother hadn’t ___37___ and he was looking anxious.I took my ___38___ by the hand and walked over to Jimmy. “Jimmy,” I said. “I have a bit of problem here and I was wondering if you could ___39___. I’m going to be really busy. I was wondering if you could keep my mother company while I’m busy.”My mom and Jimmy sat at a table with two other mother-and-child ____40____. Jimmy served my mom her treats, presented her with the gifts I had made, and pulled out and pushed in her chair, just as we had practised the day before.____41____ I looked over, my mom and Jimmy were in ____42____ conversation.Now, 10 years later, I work with students of all ages, educating them about the environment. Last year, I was at a high school to ____43____ a senior class on a field trip, and there was Jimmy. When Jimmy made sure we were the last two, he said, “Remember our Mother’s Day ____44____ we had in second grade? Thanks for all you did for me, and thank your mother, too. No one knew my mom didn’t make it!” I ____45____ my work with a hug from a teenage boy who had probably stopped hugging teachers years ago.31．A．hide B．teach C．cook D．plan32．A．coins B．heads C．hands D．changes33．A．honor B．forgive C．hold D．replace34．A．proud B．pleased C．stressed D．upset35．A．happy B．sunny C．big D．last36．A．story B．gift C．performance D．arrival37．A．shown up B．turned on C．picked out D．got up38．A．child B．mother C．student D．boy39．A．run away B．set off C．help out D．catch up40．A．partners B．crowds C．families D．teams41．A．Whenever B．However C．Whatever D．Wherever42．A．low B．loud C．brief D．deep43．A．take B．show C．bring D．deliver44．A．gift B．talk C．tea D．game45．A．continued B．ended C．celebrated D．rememberedIn 1994, The Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Hewas_____46_____ to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise( 乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them_47_ memories.To his horror, he saw a totally different__48__. Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a serious patient — everything was___49___ due to deforestation (砍伐森林),” Salgado said_50_ during a meeting on climate change in Paris.Salgado ___51___that he should do something about it. Then he ___52___the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectations, received_53_ from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family ___54___and the results are remarkable. ___55___, the land is changing: It is carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and animals living in the land before__56__. The land has been brought back to life. The_57_ family’s hard work also impressed people around them. They_58_ cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the__59__ and I think every little bit of work__60__,” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.46．A．sorry B．ready C．eager D．willing47．A．wonderful B．embarrassing C．painful D．complex48．A．direction B．atmosphere C．plan D．sight49．A．disturbed B．destroyed C．prohibited D．abandoned50．A．calmly B．nervously C．sadly D．lightly51．A．admitted B．realized C．agreed D．proved52．A．thought up B．laughed at C．turned down D．tried out53．A．doubts B．permission C．suggestions D．support54．A．backed off B．broke up C．took action D．got through55．A．Suddenly B．Eventually C．Gradually D．Generally56．A．escaped B．returned C．approached D．died57．A．kind-hearted B．brave C．devoted D．considerate58．A．forgot B．stopped C．delayed D．missed59．A．comment B．promise C．offer D．effort60．A．increases B．matches C．improves D．mattersSteph Clemence always intended to go to college. But life has a(an) ____61____ throughout her early childhood years to ____62____ barriers. Growing up, she led a nomadic (漫游的) life because her mother, who remarried several times, was always on the ____63____. By the time of high school, Steph had lived in 25 places.When her stepfather died in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a(an) ____64____ income, paying for college became a serious question. But she still tried to figure out what to do with a life so ____65____ her plan for schooling.The ____66____ came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bedroom. She ____67____ a thick document where she found a handout titled “Mrs. Clark’s Book List” by her high school English teacher Dorothy Clark.It wasn’t homework, but it could be a(an) ____68____ for those not able to receive higher education due to____69____ problems like her. The teacher had spent months creating a list of 153 books whose contents would be as_____70_____ as a two-year study at an arts college.Steph studied the list. Each of those books _____71_____ her to learn more. The reading list was also a(an)_____72_____ in her everyday life, even _____73_____ with her on vacations to find out the next book. She never did get to college, but has now only four books left before _____74_____ the list. She wishes she could thank Mrs. Clark for howreading the _____75_____ on the list has changed her life.61．A．efficiency B．motivation C．exception D．tendency62．A．hold back B．set up C．give away D．carry on63．A．display B．move C．threat D．mission64．A．precise B．independent C．modest D．initial65．A．breaking away from B．taking hold of C．giving in to D．going in for 66．A．situation B．answer C．procedure D．emergency67．A．spotted B．folded C．loaded D．assigned68．A．hard rock B．far cry C．field work D．road map69．A．flexible B．foundational C．financial D．temporary70．A．qualified B．reliable C．sufficient D．delightful71．A．confirmed B．sharpened C．stimulated D．bounced72．A．origin B．treat C．concept D．constant73．A．discussing B．traveling C．whispering D．flashing74．A．completing B．forecasting C．revealing D．declaring75．A．remarks B．works C．proofs D．zonesFor the past 23 years, Tylan Bailey has been the person to call whenever something goes wrong at Hightower Elementary in Doraville, Georgia.As head custodian (管理员), he was the first person to arrive at ____76____ each day, doing cleaning and fixing. He also ____77____ to form close bonds with the students and became the father figure many of them needed.At the very beginning, he was ____78____ to have a good position, because the position paid the ____79____. However, after getting along well with the students, he ____80____ that he wanted to do more. In other words, he was____81____ about connecting with students. “I’ve ____82____getting to know the kids and encouraging them to do their best work,” Tylan said.“I know it’s tough because I ____83____ without a father.”As the years passed, he got married, and had three children. He started thinking about his future,____84____ he could reach more students and _____85_____ his passion (激情) by becoming a teacher himself. His wife supported him 100 percent!Tylan’s _____86_____ were equally ready to _____87_____ him. For years, he would join them at the kitchen table to do homework each night. Meanwhile, his coworkers also helped him by exchanging his work time to _____88_____ his class schedule.In 2021, all his _____89_____ paid of! The 43-year-old man _____90_____ a teaching degree (学位) from Georgia State University!76．A．school B．home C．station D．church77．A．planned B．managed C．decided D．expected78．A．eager B．helpful C．grateful D．careless79．A．rent B．foods C．transport D．bills80．A．judged B．explained C．cheated D．discovered81．A．happy B．curious C．worried D．unsure82．A．appreciated B．practiced C．enjoyed D．avoided83．A．set out B．grew up C．took off D．dressed up84．A．demonstrating B．indicating C．realizing D．forecasting85．A．achieve B．rescue C．change D．fold86．A．parents B．children C．teachers D．brothers87．A．threaten B．force C．criticize D．support88．A．relate to B．focus on C．account for D．adapt to89．A．effort B．time C．money D．attitude90．A．drafted B．obtained C．wanted D．printed二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
德国气候立场发言稿英语
德国气候立场发言稿英语《德国气候立场发言稿》Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen,It is a great honor for me to stand before you today to address the crucial issue of climate change. As a representative of the German government, I am proud to present our country's stance on this pressing matter.Climate change is one of the most significant challenges that our world is facing today. As a leading industrialized nation, Germany fully acknowledges its responsibility in mitigating the effects of climate change and taking concrete actions to protect our planet.Germany is committed to the goals outlined in the Paris Agreement, and we are dedicated to reducing our carbon emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources. We have set ambitious targets to decrease our greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.In order to achieve these targets, we have implemented a wide range of policies and initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development and combatting climate change. We are heavily investing in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, and we are actively phasing out coal-fired power plants. We are also promoting energy efficiency and sustainable transportation, and we are working towards a circular economy that minimizes waste and pollution.In addition, Germany is committed to providing financial and technical support to developing countries to help them adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to low-carbon economies. We recognize that global cooperation is essential in addressing climate change, and we are dedicated to working with our international partners to achieve our common goals.In conclusion, Germany is fully committed to taking decisive action to combat climate change and safeguard our planet for future generations. We believe that through strong leadership, ambitious targets, and international cooperation, we can make significant progress in addressing this critical issue. Thank you.。
Unit 2 小题组合练习 人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 2 小题组合练习Ⅰ.阅读理解When my boss started talking about pension(退退退) arrangements, it suddenly dawned on me: I was going to be stuck working in an office job for the next 40 years. I’d always dreamed of working outdoors but I ended up doing a law degree at the University of the West of England in Bristol, thinking that this would bring me a better job.After graduating, I became an adviser. I enjoyed the work, but knew it wasn’t the right career for me. At this point, my 98-year-old grandma died, leaving me enough money to pay for an agricultural course. I decided to study agriculture at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester.I loved the programme. I spent my holidays from milking cows to helping in farm shops. I spent time lambing(退退退退退退) on a beautiful hill farm in Wales. I’d get up at 5 am in the morning, go out to care for the lambs that had been born over night.In my old job, getting up early to go to the office was a struggle. It’s easier on a farm, where you know there are animals that rely on you. They’re living things, and if you don’t turn up something serious might happen to them.I’ve also been fortunate enough to find a job as industry communications manager with Red Tractor, the largest food assurance scheme(退退退退) in the UK. The role is very varied: one day I might talk at an agricultural show, educating children about where their food comes from; the next day I could be managing the design of the new food and farming standards.My advice to anyone wanting a career change is to seize(退退) the moment. To those interested in working in agriculture, try to get as much work experience as you can.1. What does the underlined part “dawned on” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Hit.B. Moved.C. Excited.D. Satisfied.2. What does the author think of her job on a farm?A. Busy.B. Tiring.C. Difficult.D. Enjoyable.3. What did the author do at Red Tractor?A. She milked cows.B. She helped in farm shops.C. She took care of lambs on the farm.D. She gave speeches on agriculture to children.4. What is the author’s advice to readers?A. Work as a volunteer on a farm.B. Make a career change as soon as possible.C. Take the chance to do what you want to do.D. Get enough work experience before looking for a job.【答案】1-4 ADDCⅡ.七选五Does failure really exist?If you believe you have failed, then you have. If you believe you don’t have the ability to succeed, then you don’t. 36 The moment you decide to give up or stop working toward your goals, failure is born.37Most people give themselves an out without even realizing it. They are willing to work hard on reaching their goals, but only until the going gets too rough or their energy dies down. Don’t do that!38 Never quit, never admit failure, and never lose heart.Don’t believe in a clear finish line for goals.It’s a good idea to set a general timeline(退退退), but remember that something will be beyond your control. 39 If you lock yourself into a given timeline, you might make yourself feel like a failure! Instead, get a general idea of when you’d like your goal to be completed. Then take it one day at a time and focus on making progress instead of reaching the finish line in as little time as possible.Be sure that you don’t see difficulties as failures.Difficulties mean only one thing: it’s not time for your goal to be completed yet. That’s it! It doesn’t mean you failed; it doesn’t mean you’re weak; it doesn’t mean you’ll never achieve your goals. 40 You’ve got to keep moving forward and find a way over, around, or through the difficulties.A. Never give up on yourself.B. Failure only exists in your own mind!C. That’s exactly how failure makes us feel.D. It simply means you have not done enough yet.E. You can never say exactly when your goal will be reached.F. Make up your mind to make your goal happen, no matter what!G. Work hard towards your goal, and you will be likely to get good results.【答案】36-40 BAFEDⅢ.完形填空In 1994，the Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil.He was 1 to see the land run by his family.The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends，bringing them 2 memories.To his horror，he saw a totally different 3 .Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees.“The land was as sick as a serious patient—everything was 4 due to deforestation(砍伐森林)，” Salgado said 5 during a meeting on climate change in Paris.Salgado 6 that he should do something about it.Then he 7 the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectations, received 8 from his wife and relatives.Soon the whole family 9 and the results are remarkable. 10 ，the land is changing: It is carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and animals living in the land before 11 .The land has been brought back to life.The 12 family’s hard work also impressed people around them.They 13 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 14 and I think every little bit of work 15 ，”said Salgado.Therefore，everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.1．A.sorry B．readyC．eager D．willing2．A.wonderful B．embarrassingC．painful D．complex3．A.direction B．atmosphereC．plan D．sight4．A.disturbed B．destroyedC．prohibited D．abandoned5．A.calmly B．nervouslyC．sadly D．lightly6．A.admitted B．realizedC．agreed D．proved7．A.thought up B．laughed atC．turned down D．tried out8．A.doubts B．permissionC．suggestions D．support9．A.backed off B．broke upC．took action D．got through10．A.Suddenly B．EventuallyC．Gradually D．Generally11．A.escaped B．returnedC．approached D．died12．A.kindhearted B．braveC．devoted D．considerate13．A.forgot B．stoppedC．delayed D．missed14．ment B．promiseC．offer D．effort15．A.increases B．matchesC．improves D．matters1-15 CADBC BADCC BCBDDⅣ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
学术英语理工详解答案Unit3
第11页/共53页
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
4 What are the potential effects of global warming?
The effects of global warming may be physical, ecological, social or economic. Evidence of observed climate change includes the instrumental temperature record, an increase of extreme weather events (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides), rising sea levels, decreased snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere, mass animal extinctions and human migrations.
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
Unit Contents
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture 2 Paying attention to the introduction 3 Understanding the ideas through examples 4 Following a lecture through signal words 5 Memorizing the points by taking notes
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
加拿大总理斯蒂芬·哈珀国会下议院英语演讲稿：应对气候变化的重要性
加拿大总理斯蒂芬·哈珀国会下议院英语演讲稿：应对气候变化的重要性Ladies and gentlemen,It is no secret that the issue of climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing not only Canada, but the entire world. The scientific evidence behind the reality of climate change and its potentially disastrous consequences is overwhelming. Therefore, it is imperative that we take immediate and concerted action to address this issue.As Canadians, we take pride in our natural environment and all the beauty it has to offer. From the majestic Rocky Mountains to the pristine lakes and forests of Ontario, we are blessed to have such a diverse and unique landscape. However, this natural beauty is under threat from the effects of climate change.Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels are just some of the impacts of climate changethat we are already witnessing. These effects could have disastrous consequences for our economy, our infrastructure, and ultimately, our way of life.Therefore, we must take action to limit our greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This requires us to make significant investments in clean energy technology, to promote energy efficiency, and to encourage the development and adoption of renewable energy sources. It also means working with the international community to address this issue on a global scale.One of my government's key priorities has been to address the issue of climate change in a responsible, effective manner. We have taken steps to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, including implementing a carbon pricing system and investing in clean energy research. We have also worked to foster international cooperation on this issue, including through our participation in the Paris Agreement.But there is still much more work to be done. We must continue to take bold action and invest in new solutions to address the challenges of climate change. We must also workto ensure that our economy remains strong and resilient in the face of this challenge.Ultimately, the issue of climate change is not just an environmental issue - it is an economic, social, and moral issue as well. We owe it to future generations to take the necessary steps to address this issue and ensure that theyare able to enjoy the same natural beauty that we enjoy today.In conclusion, I urge all Canadians to join me in this effort and to work together to address the challenge ofclimate change. By working together, we can create a cleaner, more sustainable future for all Canadians and for future generations. Thank you.。
Climate Change Mitigation
Climate Change MitigationClimate change is an issue that has been plaguing the planet for decades now, and it is high time that we take action to mitigate its effects. The world has witnessed an increase in global temperatures, rising sea levels, and extreme weather conditions in the past few years. These changes have been attributed to human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrialization. Mitigating climate change requires a concerted effort from governments, corporations, and individuals alike.Governments play a crucial role in mitigating climate change. They have the power to regulate industries, impose taxes, and create policies that promote sustainable practices. One of the most effective ways that governments can mitigate climate change is by investing in renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydro power. This would reduce the world's reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon emissions. Governments can also impose taxes on carbon emissions, which would incentivize companies to reduce their carbon footprint and invest in cleaner technologies.Corporations also have a significant role to play in mitigating climate change. They are responsible for a large portion of carbon emissions, and they can reduce their impact by adopting sustainable practices. Companies can invest in renewable energy sources, reduce waste, and promote energy-efficient practices. They can also work towards reducing their supply chain emissions by partnering with suppliers who have sustainable practices.Individuals can also contribute to mitigating climate change. Simple lifestyle changes such as reducing meat consumption, using public transport, and reducing energy consumption can have a significant impact on carbon emissions. Individuals can also support sustainable practices by choosing to buy products from companies that have sustainable practices.Despite the efforts being made to mitigate climate change, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. One of the biggest challenges is the lack of political will to implement sustainable policies. Many governments prioritize economic growth over environmental sustainability, which has led to the continued use of fossil fuels and otherunsustainable practices. Another challenge is the lack of awareness among the general public. Many people are unaware of the impact of their actions on the environment and do not prioritize sustainability in their daily lives.In conclusion, mitigating climate change requires a concerted effort from governments, corporations, and individuals. Governments must take the lead in implementing policies that promote sustainability and reduce carbon emissions. Corporations must adopt sustainable practices and invest in renewable energy sources. Individuals must make lifestyle changes that reduce their carbon footprint and support sustainable practices. While there are challenges that need to be addressed, it is crucial that we take action now to mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.。
亚马逊雨林英语介绍
亚马逊雨林英语介绍The Amazon Rainforest: A Comprehensive IntroductionIntroduction:The Amazon Rainforest spans over 7,000,000 square kilometers, covering parts of nine countries including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. It is the largest rainforest in the world, and is home to an astonishing array of flora and fauna. In this article, we will delve into the wonders of the Amazon Rainforest, and take a closer look at its unique features and importance.Geography:The Amazon Rainforest is situated in the Amazon Basin, which covers an area of approximately 6,915,000 square kilometers.It is primarily located in Brazil, but also extends into Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. The Amazon River and its tributaries flow through the rainforest, creating a vast and intricate network of waterways.Flora:The Amazon Rainforest is home to an estimated 80,000 plant species, many of which are not found anywhere else in the world. Notable species include the Brazil nut tree, rubber tree, and cacao tree. The rainforest is also known for itsacai berries, which are a popular superfood.Fauna:The Amazon Rainforest is home to an astonishing array of wildlife. It is estimated that the rainforest contains over10 million species of insects, as well as over 2,000 speciesof birds and mammals. Notable animals include jaguars, sloths, anacondas, and macaws.Importance:The Amazon Rainforest plays a critical role in the global ecosystem. It is known as the "lungs of the Earth," as it produces an estimated 20% of the world's oxygen. Additionally, the rainforest is a carbon sink and plays a critical role in mitigating climate change. The Amazon is also home to many indigenous communities, whose livelihoods and cultures are closely connected to the rainforest.Threats:The Amazon Rainforest faces a number of threats, including deforestation, climate change, and illegal logging. Deforestation is particularly concerning, as it threatens the biodiversity of the region and releases carbon into the atmosphere. The Brazilian government has recently faced criticism for its policies that encourage the development of the Amazon, and there are concerns about the long-term sustainability of the rainforest.Conclusion:The Amazon Rainforest is a remarkable natural wonder, home to an incredible array of flora and fauna. It plays a critical role in the global ecosystem and the preservation of indigenous communities. However, it faces a number of threats, and it is important that we work towards sustainable development and conservation efforts in order to protect this precious resource.。
The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity
The Impact of Climate Change onBiodiversityClimate change is a pressing issue that has far-reaching consequences for our planet, particularly when it comes to biodiversity. The impact of climate change on biodiversity is profound and multifaceted, affecting ecosystems, species, and ultimately, the delicate balance of life on Earth. One of the most immediate and visible effects of climate change on biodiversity is the loss of habitat. As temperatures rise and weather patterns become more unpredictable, many species are struggling to adapt to their changing environments. This often leads to a loss of habitat, as plants and animals are unable to survive in their traditional ecosystems. Furthermore, climate change is also leading to shifts in the distribution of species. As temperatures rise, many species are moving towards the poles or to higher elevations in search of cooler climates. This can disruptentire ecosystems, as species that were once separated by geographical barriers are now coming into contact with one another. This can lead to competition for resources, as well as the spread of diseases and invasive species. In some cases, species may be unable to find suitable habitats in their new locations, leading to population declines and even extinctions. Another significant impact of climate change on biodiversity is the loss of biodiversity hotspots. These are areas with high levels of species diversity and endemism, meaning that they are home to many species that are found nowhere else on Earth. Climate change is putting these hotspots at risk, as rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns threaten the survival of many species. This is particularly concerning because biodiversity hotspots are often crucial for the functioning of entire ecosystems, providing important services such as pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling. In addition to these direct impacts on species and ecosystems, climate change is also affecting the relationships between species. Many species rely on each other for survival, forming complex networks of interactions such as pollination, predation, and competition. As the climate changes, these relationships can be disrupted, leading to cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. For example, if a pollinator species is unable to survive in itstraditional habitat due to climate change, this can have far-reaching consequences for the plants that rely on it for pollination, as well as for the animals that feed on those plants. Overall, the impact of climate change on biodiversity is a critical issue that requires urgent action. It is not just a matter of saving individual species, but of preserving the intricate web of life that sustains our planet. By addressing the root causes of climate change and taking steps to mitigate its effects, we can help protect biodiversity and ensure a healthy and vibrant planet for future generations. It is crucial that we work together to address this global challenge, and that we prioritize the conservation of biodiversity as a key component of our efforts to combat climate change. Only by recognizing the interconnectedness of all life on Earth can we hope to create a sustainable future for ourselves and for the countless species that share our planet.。
潘基文秘书长在巴黎气候变化大会上英语演讲稿
潘基文秘书长在巴黎气候变化大会上英语演讲稿Dear Heads of State and Government, Distinguished delegates,I stand before you today with a heavy heart, knowing that our planet is at a critical juncture in history. Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, and we must act now to prevent catastrophic consequences.The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, was a bold and historic step forward in the global effort to tackle climate change. It demonstrated the collective will of the world to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius.But we cannot rest on our laurels. The Paris Agreement represents only the beginning of our collective journey toward a sustainable future. To achieve our goals, we must take bold and decisive action to implement the commitments we have made. We must accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, mobilize finance and technology, and engage all sectors of society in the effort.As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I have witnessed firsthand the devastating impact of climate change on vulnerable communities across the globe. From rising sea levels to extreme weather events, the effects of climate change are far-reaching and indiscriminate.But I have also seen the remarkable progress that can be made when we work together. The global community has made significant strides in renewable energy, carbon pricing, andsustainable transportation. We must build on this progress and continue to advance a sustainable, low-carbon future for all.I urge you to use this conference to seize the opportunity before us. Let us come together in solidarity and determination to tackle this global challenge head-on. Let us honor our commitments to reduce emissions, strengthen resilience, and promote sustainable development. Let us leave Paris with a clear message of hope and a shared vision for a safer, healthier, and more prosperous world for generations to come.In closing, I would like to offer a quote from Mahatma Gandhi, who said, "The future depends on what we do in the present." The decisions we make today will determine the future of our planet and its inhabitants. I am confident that with our collective efforts, we can build a sustainable future for all. Thank you.。
气候治理的利与弊英语作文
气候治理的利与弊英语作文Title: Pros and Cons of Climate Governance。
Climate governance, the concerted effort to address the challenges of climate change through policies, regulations, and international agreements, carries both advantages and disadvantages. Let's delve into the merits and demerits of climate governance.Pros:1. Mitigation of Climate Change: Climate governance facilitates the implementation of measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Through regulations and incentives, it encourages industries to adopt cleaner technologies and practices, thus mitigating climate change.2. International Cooperation: Climate governancefosters collaboration among nations to tackle a global issue. Agreements like the Paris Agreement provide aplatform for countries to set emission reduction targetsand work collectively towards a sustainable future.3. Promotion of Renewable Energy: Climate governance often promotes the development and utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. This not only reduces reliance on fossil fuels but also stimulates innovation and investment in clean energy technologies.4. Adaptation and Resilience: Climate governance initiatives also focus on building resilience to climate impacts. By implementing adaptation strategies such as improved infrastructure, disaster preparedness, and agricultural innovations, communities can better cope with the effects of climate change.5. Health and Environmental Benefits: Policies aimed at reducing emissions and pollution under climate governance can lead to improved air and water quality, resulting in numerous health and environmental benefits for both present and future generations.Cons:1. Economic Impacts: Some argue that climate governance measures, particularly stringent regulations on emissions, could have adverse effects on economies. Industries may face increased costs of compliance, leading to job losses, reduced competitiveness, and economic slowdowns, especially in developing countries heavily reliant on fossil fuels.2. Unequal Burden Sharing: The burden of climate governance is not evenly distributed among nations. Developing countries often feel unfairly targeted by emission reduction targets, despite contributing less historically to greenhouse gas emissions compared to industrialized nations.3. Policy Uncertainty: Shifts in government priorities and political landscapes can lead to uncertainty regarding climate governance policies. This uncertainty may deter long-term investments in clean energy and climate adaptation measures, hindering progress towardssustainability.4. Technological and Infrastructure Challenges: Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires significant technological advancements and infrastructure upgrades. This transition may face challenges such as technological barriers, insufficient infrastructure, and the need for substantial investment, posing hurdles to effective climate governance.5. Potential for Greenwashing: In some cases, businesses and governments may engage in greenwashing –portraying themselves as environmentally friendly without implementing substantive changes. This could undermine the effectiveness of climate governance efforts by fostering complacency and masking true environmental impacts.In conclusion, while climate governance offers promising solutions to the challenges of climate change, it also presents various complexities and drawbacks. Addressing these challenges requires careful considerationof economic, social, and political factors to ensure effective and equitable climate action on a global scale.。
CATTI证书-翻译-双语-新闻-CLIMATE GOVERNANCE中国积极为全球气候治理做出贡献
carbon emission intensity. It
短的时间内从碳峰值转向碳中
will move from carbon peak to 和，翟在中国共产党第二十次
carbon neutrality in the
全国代表大会期间举行的新闻
shortest time frame in history, 发布会上说。
and the least-developed
countries, to improve their
climate response capacity to
reduce the adverse impacts of
climate change, said Zhai.
• Heading forward, China will work with all parties to actively participate in the global governance of climate change. It will promote a fair and rational global climate governance system for winwin results, continue to deepen South-South cooperation on climate change, and contribute China's strength, wisdom and solutions to global climate change response, Zhai said.
• 他说，中国坚持多边主义和共 同但有区别的责任原则和各自 的能力，并补充说，中国推动 了《巴黎协定》的签署，生效 和实施。
人类命运共同体气候治理英语作文
人类命运共同体气候治理英语作文In the face of the global challenges posed by climate change, the concept of a "community with a shared future for mankind" has emerged as a guiding principle for collective action. This essay will explore the significance of this concept in the context of climate governance and the role it plays in fostering international cooperation.Climate change is a universal issue that transcends national boundaries, affecting every corner of the globe. It is a problem that requires a unified response from all nations, regardless of their size, wealth, or political ideologies. The idea of a shared future for humanity emphasizes the interconnectedness of our fates and the need for solidarity in addressing environmental challenges.Effective climate governance necessitates a global approach that is inclusive and equitable. It involves setting common goals and targets, such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. However, the agreement's success hinges on the commitment of all parties to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.The principle of a shared future for mankind also underscores the importance of sustainable development. It calls for economic growth that is both environmentallyresponsible and socially inclusive. This means investing in renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, and supporting the transition to a green economy. It also involves ensuring that the benefits of such a transition are accessible to all, particularly the most vulnerable communities.Moreover, the concept of a shared future for humanity highlights the need for international cooperation in climate finance. Developed countries have a responsibility to provide financial support to developing nations to help them mitigate and adapt to climate change. This includes funding for technology transfer, capacity building, and climate-resilient infrastructure.In conclusion, the notion of a community with a shared future for mankind is not just a philosophical ideal but a practical necessity in the realm of climate governance. It calls for a collective effort to protect our planet and ensure a sustainable future for all. By embracing this principle, nations can work together to confront the existential threat of climate change and build a moreresilient and equitable world.。
中考英语全球气候治理单选题40题
中考英语全球气候治理单选题40题1.The importance of global climate governance lies in protecting our planet's future. "governance" in this sentence means_____.A.managementB.neglectC.destructionD.creation答案：A。
本题考查单词理解。
“governance”是治理的意思，与“management”（ 管理）意思相近。
“neglect”是忽视，“destruction”是破坏，“creation”是创造，均不符合题意。
2.Global climate governance is crucial for_____.A.environmental pollutionB.biodiversity lossC.living standards improvementD.sustainable development答案：D。
本题考查对全球气候治理的重要性的理解。
全球气候治理对于可持续发展至关重要，“sustainable development”意为可持续发展。
“environmental pollution”是环境污染，“biodiversity loss”是生物多样性丧失，“living standards improvement”是生活水平提高，都不是全球气候治理的主要目的。
3.One of the key elements of global climate governance is_____.A.energy consumption reductionB.water pollution increaseC.forest destructionD.desert expansion答案：A。
本题考查全球气候治理的关键要素。
Copenhagen Jargon 哥本哈根大会专用语
Copenhagen Jargon哥本哈根大会专用语Adaptation 适应机制Adaptation is the term used to refer to the preparations countries will have to make to deal with climate change.They includes measures such as protecting coastal areas by building sea walls, reforestation to try to prevent flooding, increasing water conservation and changing crops to varieties that flourish in warmer climatesAnnex 1The world's 37 richest countries, whose prosperity has been built on emitting carbon, as opposed to non-Annex 1, roughly categorised as blameless victimsCCS 碳捕获和封存Carbon Capture and Storage technologyCDM 清洁发展机制Clean Development Mechanism which enables wealthy countries to offset their emissions by funding pollution-cutting measures in the developing worldCOP15The official name of the Copenhagen climate change summit — the 15th Conference of the Parties让你少奋斗八年的工作经验京都-哥本哈根: 气候谈判路在何方口译积累：美国发现号航天飞机与国际空间站对接【沪江口译词汇日刊】No.420【沪江口译词汇日刊】No.352【沪江口译词汇日刊】No.43609年我要月入2万，该怎么办？CVF/V11Climate Vulnerable Forum, the 11 nations most vulnerable to climate change, including Bangladesh and the Maldives.IPCC 联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the all-important scientific body that advises the UN's climate negotiationsLDCF -最不发达国家基金Least Developed Countries Fund, established to finance climate change intiatives in poorer countriesMEF 经济大国能源和气候论坛Major Economies' Forum, launched by President Barack Obama to helpgenerate the politcal leadership necessary to achieve a successful outcome in Copenhagen.UNFCCC 联合国气候变化纲要公约The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, a standing convention of officials and diplomats haggling over every comma of the final negotiating text.哥本哈根气候峰会>>>Things we are talking about:Carbon budgets 碳预算Carbon tax 碳税Carbon footprint 碳足迹A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).Carbon intensity 碳浓度Low-carbon technology 低碳技术Low-carbon development/growth 低碳发展Low-carbon lifestyle 低碳生活方式Switch to a "low-carbon economy" 发展“低碳经济”Carbon intensive goods 碳密集产品What we need:污水治理sewage treatment生态旅游ecotourism无车日car-free dayLow-carbon alternatives：可再生能源renewable energy绿色“生物燃料” biofuel馏出燃料Distillate fuel地热ground-source heat液化天然气liquefied natural gas可燃冰flammable iceGeo-engineering 地球工程：Geo-engineering methods are ways of artificial ly cooling the planet and offset the effects of climate changeThe simplest of these is to plant forests but “artificial trees” are also being developed to suck up carbon. Other methods include launching giant mirrors into space to reflect back sunlight. There are also ongoing experiments in creating clouds by spraying sea water in the air and storing carbon dioxide underground.What we are facing:Plight 困境Bad carbon scenario 令人忧心的碳排放状况A climate debt 亏欠地球、亏欠大自然的重债Ship hazards 漂浮的冰山造成的威胁What all these mean to us:A wake-up call 警钟已经响起，环保迫在眉睫。
大学英语阅读理解及答案
大学英语阅读理解及答案【篇一：大学英语阅读理解及解答】i’m pretty confident that there will never be a day when all the world is in agreement about the best human diet. i’m an omnivore myself, but i have friends who swear by their paleo, vegetarian, and vegan diets. all of us can make compelling arguments about why we eat the way we do, and all of us can make valid criticisms of diets that are unlike our own.for me, deciding how and what to eat required a close examination of the values and principles that truly matter to me. the type of food we consume has immediate health and economic consequences, but it also has a significant impact on our environment.as a study shows, the manner and scale at which our society currently raises animal for human consumption contributes to climate change in major way. it also wastes water, pollutes our soil, and contaminates fresh water supplies. so if you’re really trying to live a low-impact life, eating less meat and ensuring that the meat you do eat is raised by responsible farmers and ranchers could help you shrink your carbon footprint a lot faster than buying a hybrid or skipping showers.1. the author believes that ( )a. people will be more and more rational in choosing the food they eat.b. the arguments about what should be eaten will never come to an end.c. people will someday reach a consensus on what the best food is.d. people will be more and more fastidious in choosing the food they eat.2. when deciding how and what to eat, the author ( )a. has some important principles to follow.b. will consult with his friends.c. will follow the instructions of his friends.d. considers only his own interests.3. the type of food we eat ( )a. has an indirect but great effect on our environment.b. has nothing to do with our environment.c. has nothing to do with our health.d. is decided only by our economic status.4. what is implied in paragraph 3 ( )a. we should stop raising animals for human consumption.b. we should stop eating animals.c. the way animals are raised for human consumption should be improved.d. environmental pollution and climate change are caused by raising animals for human consumption.passage 2americans are too busy for lunch breaks, reports aol. rather than leaving the office for some much needed relaxation, most workers are opting to dine at their desks. according to a survey, 62% of american office workers usually eat their lunch in the same spot they work all day.in a weakened economy, many employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth or look like a superstar worker who goes above and beyond to get the job done.plus, when coworkers are working through their lunch breaks, no one wants to be the person who looks like a slacker.for others, it is not just a matter of saving time, but saving money. eating out routinely gets expensive, so bringing a lunch to eat at the desk is also the thrifty choice for the american worker.on a national level, the united states does not mandate that businesses allow their employees a lunch break. however, 22 states do have explicit laws on the books stating that workers must take a half hour to hour lunch break. nonetheless, even workers in these states often find themselves ignoring the law to chow down next to their computers.in addition to lunch, 27% will eat breakfast at their desk (at least they are not skipping it altogether), and 50% will snack at their desk throughout the workday. unfortunately, using the desk as a dining table could be a health hazard. with about two in three workers admitting they clean their desk less than once a month, the unsanitary surface leaves workers susceptible to foodborne illnesses.1. according to the report by aol, most american office workers usually ( )a. take lunch at their desks.b. take a nap after lunch.c. go out to eat at lunch time.d. enjoy free lunch.2. ( ) makes the american employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth.a. the employers’ encouragementb. an upturn in economyc. the cozy working environment.d. a downturn in economy.3. according to paragraph 4, ( )?a. most states of america have passed the laws stating that workers must take some lunch break.b. the workers in the 22 states work fewer hours than those in the other states.c. the workers in the 22 states do not necessarily take a better lunch break than those in the other states.d. the workers in the 22 states take a longer lunch break than those in the other states.4. what is a disadvantage of taking lunch at the desk?a. it may save time for the employees.b. it may do harm to the employees’ health.c. it may save money for the employees.d. it may help the employees reduce their weight.passage 3ten years a go, the city’s municipal utilities department launched “delicious recycling”, a program aimed at encouraging residents to get into the habit ofcollecting recyclable waste in exchange for fresh vegetables, grown locally in a public-run garden — and boy did it take off. today, the garden boasts more than 30 thousand plants to meet the demand of thousands of veggie-loving recyclers, turning aluminum cans and plastic bottles into edible greens. ultimately, the program has done wonders for the health of the environment as well, by ridding the city of improperly disposed waste.1. waste recycling programs ( )a. are paid little attention to in many urban centers.b. help make communities clean and tidy.c. have nothing to do with the sanitation of communities.d. are inactive in many urban centers.2. the purpose of “delicious recycling” is ( )a. to teach residents how to make delicious food.b. to reward residents who do well in classifying rubbish.c. to encourage residents to trade recyclable waste for meat or vegetables.d. to encourage residents to trade recyclable waste for vegetables.3. according to local mayor miguel haddad, ( )a. water in storm drains is flowing more freely than before because the trash in it has been removed.b. water in storm drains can be exchanged for healthy food.c. water in storm drains is essential to the growing of fresh vegetables.d. there is more trash in storm drains now than there used to be.4. what can be inferred from the last paragraph?a. “delicious recycling” has failed to achieve the desired result.b. there are no waste recycling programs in other brazilian municipalities.passage 4a class action lawsuit has been filed against general mills for misrepresenting the product it calls yoplait greek. it isn’t greek, and it isn’t yogurt. the sales of yoplait greek already lag far behind other brands such as chobani and fage in an exploding greek yogurt market, and this latest lawsuit won’t help any.“yoplait greek does not comply with the standard of identity of yogurt,” the lawsuit states. “indeed, yoplait greek containsmilk protein concentrate (“mpc”) which is not among the permissible ingredients of yogurt, non-fat yogurt, and low-fat yogurt (collectively “yogurt”) as set forth under the food, drug, and cosmetic act.”authentic greek yogurt is thicker in consistency and richer in protein because it’s strained of liquid whey. but mpc offers an alternative to this process. it is, as described onfoodnavigator-usa, “a very high protein dry milk product,which has been touted for use in greek-style products to increase their protein content and provide a thick, creamy texture without the need for expensive straining.”in its corporate eagerness to claim a larger share of the greek yogurt market, general mills adds mpc to yoplait greekbecause, as reported in the minneapolis / st. paul business journal, it is “cheaper to store and transport than wet milk and costs less than dry milk due to minimal tariffs on mpc imports and lower foreign milk prices.” new zealand is the biggest supplier of mpc to the united states. in short, as stated in the lawsuit, “the use of mpc is financially advantageous to defendants.” it allows general mills to manufacture more product at lower cost, and that’s the only reason it’s in the yogurt.never mind that the use of the substance in yogurt flouts fda rules for the standard of identity of the food. so far the extent of general mills’s defense is that the fda never exp licitly prohibited mpc in yogurt. that’s a lesson in logic. any substance that is not explicitly prohibited is officially permitted. never mind, as well, the questionable safety of the substance, which is not included on the fda list of substances generally recognized as safe (gras) or on the fda list of food additives. in other words, it hasn’t actually been approved for use in food.1. the lawsuit against general mills ( )a. is a leading factor that has caused the sales of yoplait greek to lag behind other brands.b. will make the sales of yoplait greek lag behind other brandsc. will help increase the sales of yoplait greek.d. has no direct relationship with the fact that the sales of yoplait greek have already lagged far behind other brands.2. authentic greek yogurt ( )a. is strained of liquid whey.b. thicker in consistency than yoplait greek.c. richer in protein than yoplait greek.d. contains mpc.3. according to the lawsuit, it is ( ) that general mills adds mpc to yoplait greek.a. for the improvement of its qualityb. for the convenience of transportationc. for the reduction of costsd. for the extension of its shelf life4. which of the following statements is true?a. the fda has approved the use of mpc in yogurt.b. mpc is on the fda list of substances generally recognized as safec. the fda has neither prohibited nor approved the use of mpcin yogurt.d. mpc is on the fda list of food additives.passage 5apples have become the latest controversial entry into the genetically modified food debate, following a july 12 new york times piece written by andrew pollack. okanagan specialty fruits, a small british columbia company, wants to start marketing a non-browning apple, and it has applied for approval in canada and in the united states.the arctic apple, available so far in the golden delicious and granny smith varieties, contains an extra copy of a gene which interferes with the enzymatic activity that causes browning. the enzyme is polyphenol oxidase.according to neal carter, founder and president of okanagan specialty fruits, the non-browning arctic apple is just what consumers are looking for. a whole apple, he tells the times, is “for many people too big a commitment,” and apple slices that have browned ju st aren’t appetizing. (what a burden we bear —to have to eat a whole apple, let alone an unsightly one.)carter suggests that it is merely a cosmetic change intendedto encourage people to eat more apples. but it’s more than that, of course.it is inten ded “to turn the apple into an industrialized product,” said lucy sharratt, coordinator of the canadian biotechnology action network, as reported in the times. in common ground, a canadian monthly magazine dedicated to health, wellness and ecology, yukon f armer tom rudge says, “we should eat realfood instead of genetically engineering an apple so companies can slice it, wrap it in plastic and truck it across the country.” organic apple farmer harry burton of salt spring island sees it as “an indication of our distancing from nature.”as pollack reports, the u.s. apple association opposes the introduction of the arctic apple, but not out of any objection to genetic engineering. in fact, they declare on their website that “in order to continue discovering ne w and valuable benefits from apples, u.s. apple supports advancements from technology and genetics and genomics research.” the problem for u.s. apple, pollack writes, is that the non-browning arctic apple “could undermine the fruit’s image as a healthy andnatural food, the one that keeps the doctor away and is as american as, well, apple pie.”1. as to the arctic apple, which of the following statements is wrong?a. it will not turn brown.b. there is no enzymatic activity in its body.c. it is a kind of genetically modified food.d. the enzymatic activity that causes browning has been reduced.2. according to neal carter, ( )a. the non-browning arctic apple is very popular among consumers.b. a new type of smaller apple will be developed to meet the demand of some consumers.c. the color of apples has nothing to do with one’s appetite.d. the non-browning arctic apple is more nutritious than other varieties.3. from what the organic farmers said, we know that it is undesirable to ( )a. eat real food instead of genetically modified food.【篇二：大学英语b-阅读理解答案】artin luther king was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s.king was born on january 15, 1929 in atlanta, georgia. when he was young, he was strongly influenced by thoreau and indian leader mahatma gandhis idea of non-violent resistance. having received a ph. d (doctor of philosophy) from boston university, he became a political and religious leader of the non-violent civil relights movement in 1955. on august 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 americans on a march in washington d.c. to fight for the civil rights law to guarantee equality for all dream is a dream of brotherly love and equality for the black and white. thus, he was awarded the nobel prize for peace in 1964, but he was murdered four years later.though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the americans, both the white and the black. by vote of congress in 1968, the third monday of every january is now a federal holiday in luther kings honor. he lives in peoples hearts forever.(1)、martin luther king was murdered when he was 39 years old. a：t b：f 答案：a(2)、martin luther king was a black minister only. a：t b：f 答案：b(3)、martin luther kings day has been a federal holiday formore than 40 years. a：t b：f 答案：a(4)、the underlined word delivered in the second paragraph could be replaced by gave. a：t b：f 答案：a(5)、the best title for this passage is civil rights law. a：t b：f答案：b43、a public house which was recently bought by mr. james is up for sale. he is going to sell it because it is haunted (闹鬼的). he told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strangenoise coming from the bar. the next morning, he found thatthe doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. though mr. james had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. he also said thathe had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost (鬼) must have drunk the night before. when i suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, he shook his head. the villagers have told him that they will not accept it even if he gives it away. (1)、mr. james was the owner of the public house.a：tb：f 答案：a(2)、mr. james had not turned off the lights that night. a：tb：f 答案：b(3)、mr. james built the house.a：tb：f 答案：b(4)、mr. james found sixty empty bottles. a：tb：f 答案：b(5)、the writer of the passage believes mr. james story. a：tb：f 答案：b44、great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry.in the past, when more americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. in a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. often, too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. but when industry became more importantthan agriculture in american life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move againwhenever necessary. and large families can not be moved from place to place as smaller families can. so, at present people tend to have smaller families.in the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. the typical family may remain childless and consists only of a man and a woman. a small number of families may take child raising as their chief work. at the same time they may also raise other peoples children, leaving those families free to move from job to job. (1)、the passage discusses influence of science and industry on american families. a：tb：f 答案：a(2)、families of the past, the present and the future are described in the passage.a：tb：f 答案：a(3)、people no longer want to have children. a：tb：f 答案：b(4)、grandparents will take the chief responsibility of raising children in the future.a：tb：f 答案：b(5)、large families cannot fit in with a highly industrialized society. a：tb：f 答案：a45、my husband had just bought a new washing machine for me. i decided to use it and i washed a lot of things.everything worked well, but i found one of my husbands socks missing. i looked everywhere for it, but i couldnt find it anywhere.the next morning, i got ready for school as usual. when the bell rang, the students came in. i greeted them first and then told them what we were going to do that day.when i turned around to write on the blackboard, the class broke out a roar!they laughed and laughed. they laughed so much, in fact, that i was afraid the headmaster would1be into seeing all this.i asked the class to stop, but the more i talked, the more they laughed. i decided to pay no attention to them and i continuedto write on the blackboard. when i did this, they roared even more.finally, the teacher who had the room next to mine came in to see what all the laughter was about. when he came in, he started laughing, too!good heavens, i said. will someone please tell me what is so funny?oh, god, said the teacher. you have a brown sock to the backof your skirt! so thats how i found my husbands missing sock. oh, well, i said to the class. lets just say you have had an unforgettable lesson on static (静止的) electricity.(1)、the writer was a teacher. a：tb：f 答案：a(2)、when the writer turned around to write on the blackboard, the class began to laugh loudly. a：tb：f 答案：a(3)、she couldnt find one of her husbands socks, because her husband had taken it away. a：tb：f 答案：b(4)、the teacher from the next room laughed, because he found a sock on the back of the writers skirt. a：tb：f 答案：a(5)、the students told her about the laughing. a：tb：f 答案：b46、tom arrived at the bus station quite early for paris bus. the bus for paris would not leave until five to twelve. he saw a lot of people waiting in the station. some were standing in line, others were walking around. there was a group of schoolgirls. their teacher was trying to keep them in line. tom looked around, but there was no place for him to sit.he walked into the station cafe. he looked up at the clock there. it was only twenty to twelve. he found a seat and sat down before a large mirror on the wall. just then, mike, one of toms workmates came in and sat with tom.what time is your bus? asked mike. theres plenty of time yet answered tom.well, ill get you some more tea then said mike.they talked while drinking. then tom looked at the clock again. oh! its going backward he cried. a few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve, and now its half past eleven.youre looking at the clock in the mirror. said mike. tom was so sad. the next bus was not to leave for another hour. since then tom has never liked mirrors.(1)、tom went into the station cafe because mike asked him to have a cup of tea. a：tb：f 答案：b(2)、tom and mike talked while drinking. a：tb：f 答案：a(3)、when tom looked at the clock in the mirror, its actually half past twelve. a：tb：f 答案：a(4)、from the story we know that when we look at a clock in a mirror, we will find its going backward. a：tb：f 答案：a(5)、tom arrived in paris on time. a：tb：f 答案：b47、my aunt edith was a widow of 50, working as a secretary, when doctors discovered what was then thought to be a very serious heart disease.aunt edith didnt accept defeat easily. she began studying medical reports in the library and found an article in a magazine about a well-known heart surgeon, dr. michael debakey, of houston, texas. he had saved the life of someone with the same disease. the article said his fees were very high; aunt edith couldnt possibly pay them. but could he tell her of someone whose fees she could pay?so aunt edith wrote to him. she simply listed her reasons for wanting to live: her three children, who would be on their own in three or four more years; her little-girl dream of traveling and seeing the world. there wasnt a word of self-pity－only warmth and humor and the joy of living. she mailed the letter, not really expecting an answer.a few days later, my doorbell rang. aunt edith didnt wait to come in; she stood in the hall and read aloud:your beautiful letter moved me very deeply. if you can come to houston, there will be nocharge for either the hospital or the operation.signed :michael debakey(1)、aunt edith stopped working as a secretary when she knew she had a very serious heart disease. a：tb：f 答案：b(2)、from the story we can see aunt edith accepted defeat easily. a：tb：f 答案：b(3)、in aunt ediths letter to the doctor, she showed she was warm, humorous and enjoying living. a：tb：f 答案：a(4)、when aunt edith mailed her letter, she didnt expect the doctor would give her a reply. a：t b：f 答案：a (5)、michaeldebakey mainly told aunt edith in the letter that her disease was so serious that he couldnt cure her.a：t b：f 答案：b48、people often say that the englishmans home is his castle. they mean that the home is very important2and personal. most people in britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. this means that they can make them personal, and change them in any way they like. most houses have a garden, even if it is a small one, and the garden is usually loved. the house and the garden are the private space of a person. in a crowded city a person knows that he or she has a private space which is only for himself or herself and for invited friends.people usually like to mark their space. if you are on the beach you may have spread your towels around you; in the rain you may have put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you; in a library you may spread your books around you.once i was traveling on a train to london. i was on a sectionfor four people and there was a table between us. the man opposite to me had his briefcase on the table. there was no space on my side of the table at all. i was unhappy. i thoughthe thought that he owned the whole table. i had been reading a book about nonverbal （非语言的） communication so i took various papers out of my bag and put them on his case! when i did this he suddenly became angry and his eyes nearly popped out （突出）of his head. i had taken up his space! a few minutes later i took my papers off in order to read them. he immediately moved his case to his side of the table.(1)、the home matters greatly to englishmen. a：tb：f 答案：a(2)、the british can own private space like the house and the garden. a：tb：f 答案：a(3)、according to paragraph 2, if you spread your books around you in a library, it means you want to tell others the space belongs to you. a：tb：f 答案：a(4)、the man opposite to the writer showed that he owned the whole table by reading a book. a：tb：f 答案：b(5)、the writer tried to get back his space by moving the case off the table. a：tb：f 答案：bthe young man told him everything. the manager felt sorry for him and decided to help him. a bright idea struck him. the manager pointed to the corner of the shop. to his great surprise the young man saw a vase broken into many pieces. the manager said: when the servant enters the room, he will drop it.everything happened as had been planned. the servant brought in the vase, and as he entered the room,he dropped it. there was horror on everybodys face. when the box was opened, the guests saw that each piece was packed separately.(1)、the story took place in the united states. a：tb：f 答案：b(2)、the young mans family was poor while the beautiful girl is rich, according to the passage. a：tb：f 答案：a(3)、the young man wanted to buy a present as a christmas gift for the girl. a：tb：f 答案：b(4)、the shop manager came to talk to the young man, because he was poorly dressed. a：t b：f 答案：b50、a pretty, well-dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square, and said to the driver, do you see that young man at the other side of the square?yes, said the taxi driver. the young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently at his watch every few seconds.take me over there, said the young lady.there were a lot of cars and buses in the square, so the taxi driver asked, are you afraid to cross the street?oh, no! said the young lady. but i promised that i would meet the young man for lunch at one o clock, and it is now a quarter to two. if i arrive in a taxi, it will at least seem as if i had tried not to be late. (1)、the story doesnt tell us how the young woman got to the square. a：t b：f 答案：a(2)、the lady stopped the taxi because she was afraid of walking across the street. a：t b：f 答案：b(3)、the young man at the other side of the square had probably been waiting for a long time. a：t b：f 答案：a(4)、the young lady was clever at making excuse. a：t b：f 答案：a(5)、the young lady was just pretending that she had tried. a：t b：f 答案：a351、younger people and older people do not always agree.they sometimes have different ideas about life, work and play. but in one special program in new york state, adults and teenagers live together in peace. each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group. everyone works several hours each day.the aim is not just to keep busy but rather to find meaning and enjoyment in work. some teenagers work in the woods or onthe farms near the village. some learn to make furniture and to build houses. the adults teach them these skills.there are several free hours each day. weekends are free, too. during the free hours some of the teenagers learn photography or painting. others sit around talking and singing. each teenager chooses his own way to spend his free time.when people live together, rules are always necessary. in this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together.if someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group. the group discusses the problem. they ask, why did it happen? what should we do about it?one of the teenagers has this to say about the experience:you stop thinking only about yourself. you learn how to think about the group.(1)、the passage is mainly about how adults and teenagerslive together in a special group. a：t b：f 答案：a(2)、the special program offered every winter in new york city. a：t b：f 答案：b(3)、people will make more rules when someone breaks a rule. a：t b：f 答案：b(4)、to find a way to solve the generation gap is not stated directly in the passage as a purpose of the program.a：t b：f 答案：a(5)、some teenagers learn photography when they are free. a：t b：f 答案：a52、there was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. he had a job in a big company and was given hisweekly wages every friday evening. as soon as he got home on fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back enough to buy his lunch in the office every day.one day the small man came home very excited. he hurried into the living-room. his wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there.youll never guess what happened to me today, dear, he said.he waited for a few seconds and then added, i won ten thousand pounds on the lottery!thats wonderful! said his wife delightedly. but then she thought for a few seconds and added angrily, but wait a moment! how could you afford to buy the lottery tickets?(1)、the small man was allowed to keep just enough to buy his lunch in the office every day. a：tb：f答案：a(2)、the man won a lottery one day.a：tb：f 答案：a(3)、the woman is good-natured.a：tb：f 答案：b(4)、the woman was pleased yet suspicious when her husband won a lottery. a：tb：f 答案：a(5)、the man had to give almost all his money to his wife every week.a：tb：f 答案：b53、ramon was very proud of his dog blackie. whenever he got a chance, he would ask his dog to amuse his friends with some tricks.one day ramon went to visit his friend frank who was sick at home with a bad cold. how are you feeling? asked ramon. worse than yesterday, replied frank. i have a terrible cough, and theres not a drop of medicine in the house.cheer up, frank. ill send blackie to the local drugstore for some cough syrup (糖浆). hell be back in a minute, before you know it. ramon put a five-dollar bill in blackies mouth and the dog ran down the street. and keep the change, ramon shouted after him.oh, ramon, dont be silly. you know that dog wont be back with any medicine. oh yes, he will, replied ramon. half an hour later, however, blackie had not returned. ramon was feeling embarrassed, and felt angry at his friends little smile.something has happened to him, im sure, said ramon. he obeys me as a rule. just then frank saw blackie at a distance.。