Culture Communication

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Culture and Communication 文化与交际

Culture and CommunicationAbstractAs is known to all, China has already entered an era of rapid development and created a miracle in economic field in the process of globalization. Following the frequent communication between China and other foreign countries, our nation is further involved in the international affairs, mainly in business practice. With the expansion of the economic and commercial cooperation, the cultural environment of the intercultural communication has been more and more complicated. All the value systems, thinking patterns, and even behavior mode in different cultures varies from person to person, which highly affects business activities, and ,what’s more, it determines the consequences. Therefore the cultural factors have been emphasized. Although traditional Business English teaching has been concerned in the language cultural differences, it is always inclined to focus on the explanation about business knowledge or language training, which fails to realize teaching goals due to the neglect of passing on the intercultural knowledge. As a result, in the process of Business English teaching, apart from the initiating business skills, we should also pay more attention to the cultivation of intercultural communication competence.In the past, intercultural communication theories were more applied into FLT teaching and less combined with Business English. As a matter of fact, the application of cross-cultural communication to the teaching of Business English in the context of Chinese colleges should be operated in such a way that students could be able to learn the cultural differences between China and western countries. At the same time, students will understand the basic ideas governing the respective cultural entities. By analysis and comparison, business cultural differences are studied the higher level of cultural thinking. And this must be the premier goal of Business English teaching.Generally speaking, the thesis consists of the following questions: firstly, why should we teach and learn Business English from the intercultural communication perspective? Secondly, what could we analyze the relationship between intercultural communication and Business English teaching? Thirdly, how should we developcultural awareness and improve communication ability?Key Words: value systems; cultural factors; Business English teaching; intercultural communication; cultural differences摘要众所周知的是，在经济全球化的浪潮中，中国已然步入了快速发展的时代，并在经济领域创造了一个奇迹。

《跨文化交际》教学大纲

《跨文化交际》教学大纲一、课程名称：跨文化交际/Cross-culture Communication二、课程编码：三、学时与学分：34/2四、考核方式：考查，包括平时与期末，分别占30% 和70%五、先修课程：综合英语、英语语法、英语泛读、英语口语、英美国家社会与文化等六、适用学科专业：英语七、教学目的：同英语国家的人们用英语进行有效的交流是学习英语的重要目的之一。

然而有效的交流不仅仅是一个语言技巧问题，还涉及到文化因素。

本课程的主旨是帮助学生解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种困惑，促进学生对英语国家概况和英美文化有教为深入的了解，对中国文化与西方文化之间的异同有较为敏锐的感知。

逐步提高学生跨文化交际的实际能力，使学生能够用文化的眼光，认识自己，包容他人。

八、基本教学内容：本课程选用顾曰国主编的《跨文化交际》（Cross-cultural Communication）为教材。

本课程共八个单元。

主要学习方法包括：典型实例分析，模拟交流练习，听公开讲座，交际失误分析，英汉双向翻译练习等。

九、教学内容、基本要求及学时分配1. Part One: Language and Culture in Communication教学内容：介绍语言、文化和交际之间的关系，跨文化交流模式，交流中的各种意义等。

本单元介绍了交际的5个类型 (types of communication)：human communication; animal communication;human-animal communication; human-machine communication; machine-to-machine communication；交际的基本模式：同文化交际(mono-cultural language communication)；跨文化交际(cross-cultural language communication)；介绍各种交际方式中的“意思”的传达。

英语四级词汇(culture&communication)

• • • • • •
I’m sorry. It was all my fault. I’m afraid I’ve bought you too much trouble. It was quite unintentional. A thousand pardons for-----How clumsy of me to(step on your foot) I really feel bad about that.
Greeting /opening a conversation
• • • • • haven’t seen you for some time. Haven’t seen you for ages. Fancy seeing you here. What/(This is) a pleasant surprise. I am glad to have had the opportunity to meet you here.<formal>
Formal situations
• • • • • I am afraid I owe you an apology. I hope you will excuse me. I hope you’re not upset with me. May I offer you my profoundest apologies? You’re going to have to forgive me.
•
• It’s the strength with which you walk three miles to your home with heavy bags in your hand after a long trip, and the halt, excitement and hesitation at the doorstep.

跨文化交际(含教案)(高中英语选修课)

跨文化交际一、课程基本信息1、课程中、英文名称：跨化交文际、Cross-cultural Communication2、课程类别：专业专选课程3、课程学时：18学时4、学分：2分二、课程的目的与任务：跨文化交际作为一门学科涉及到文化和交际的各个层面，包括语言交际、非语言交际、人们之间的相互交往，以及不同文化之间的观念和信仰等。

该课程的目的在于通过不同文化差异的比较研究，分析跨文化交际案例，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性，提高不同文化语境中语言交际的能力，从而更好地适应不同文化环境。

使学生了解其他文化的社会文化习俗和价值观念；在语言学习的同时，更多关注相关国家的文化，特别是通过与本族文化的对比，提高跨文化交际能力，以适应社会发展和国际交流的需要,增加跨文化交际意识，并最终形成跨文化交际能力。

三、课程的重点和基本要求：（一）课程的重点本课程教学的重点是增强学生对跨文化交际中文化差异的敏感性，帮助学员解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。

通过典型实力分析，模拟交流联系，交际失误分析，英汉双向练习等多种形式，使学生认识语言，文化和交际三者之间的关系，加深对对象国文化的了解，掌握在处理跨文化交际中一些微妙问题时所需要的基本知识和技巧，提高跨文化交流的质量。

（二）．基本要求：1、了解跨文化交际研究的范围和目前发展的动向。

2、掌握跨文化交际研究的基本方法，并运用来解决一些实际问题。

3、奠定向该学科研究纵深发展的理论基础。

四、教学内容及要求本课程以语言学习为前提，强调在语言学习的过程中提高利用外语进行跨文化交际的能力，通过对交际与语言，语言与文化，文化与价值观的学习和讨论，提高跨文化交际意识；通过对文化现象的思考和讨论，反思语言学习过程，增加对文化差异的敏感性；通过课堂活动和案例学习，提高跨文化交际意识和能力，达到有效交流的目的。

1．通过学习，学生能够了解语言及非语言交际在跨文化交际中的重要作用及应用规则。

跨文化商务交际英语unit 1 text1-Culture and communication参考译文(英汉对照版彭炳铭)

Text 1 Culture and Communication 文化与交际(翻译官：彭炳铭2019.9.20.)Paragraph 1.The term “culture” comes from anthropologists’ studies of human societies. 文化这一术语出自人类学家对人类社会的研究。

Culture is the particular configuration of behaviors, norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and basic assumptions that differ from society to society .文化是由特定行为、道德规范、态度、价值观、信仰、和基本假说等要素构成，这些要素因社会不同而不同。

This means that culture is not “objective” in the sense that phenomena in the natural world are (or seem to be ) objective.意思是：大自然的现象都是客观的，在这个意义上讲，文化就不是“客观的”。

Culture can look different depending upon who does the looking, when they look and from what direction.1/ 20文化看起来是不同的，这有赖于谁在看、何时看、从什么方向（角度）来看。

This makes culture difficult to grasp. 这就使得文化很难掌握。

Paragraph 2.Culture has been defined in many ways but a classic definition is : 文化的定义是多方面的，但有一个经典的定义是：Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups … the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.”【译文】文化包含各种外显和内隐的行为模式，这些行为模式通过符号习得和传播，构成了人类群体与众不同的成就。

[英语学习]culture and communication

Culture and communication

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Non-verbal communication is interesting because you can be using different forms in many different ways at once! Use eyes眼睛
Culture and communication

Verbal cultures – value重视
论证 , explanation说明，解释
and enjoy talk, argument

non-verbal cultures – where people respect
listening, silence, social harmony
Culture and communicationVerbal vຫໍສະໝຸດ . non verbal-
How we deal with problems and disagreements How we manage a conversation会话；交谈；社交
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Culture and communication
Smile微笑 Frown皱眉 Or free of expression face面部自由表达
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Culture and communication
A lot of non-verbal signals are difficult for us to control. They contain information about how we really feel and think.

Listen to the programme Note down the examples

跨文化沟通(cross-culture-communication)

是用嘴吃饭，有人可能会说哪个国家的人不是用嘴吃饭，他们还用鼻子吃饭不成。其实说中国人用嘴吃饭，是说中国人吃饭最讲究口味，酸、甜、苦、辣，什么南甜北咸、东辣西酸。中国八大菜系，各有自己的一套烹饪方法，讲究一个风味和口感。
当塞车时：
日本人：拉长了脸，呆在车里一声不吭。
德国人：此时应属于最奇特的一种，不但不心烦，反而感到快乐，这在世界各民族中也许是绝无仅有的。一位德国工程师对此解释说，此时会产生一种“共度难关”时的“同志式感觉”——大家可以好好地一起感叹上一阵子，等道路畅通，一种共同被“解放”的轻松感又会油然而生。中国人：最有行动力的应当属于中国人，在焦急等待中走出车厢，自己充当交警。
日本人是用眼吃饭：说日本人用眼吃饭，并不是贬低日本人，而是日本人长期的岛国心态，造就了他们的饮食习惯，由于日本是一岛国，物产相对来说比较匮乏，有的食材需要长期进口，所以他们把饮食的风格放在少而精上，做得量很少，但是食材选择以活的海鲜为主，用的器皿也是非常讲究，但是都突出一个小字，让人吃起来赏心悦目，但是每次的食量都不是太大，所以我们中国人吃日本料理都说吃不饱，而日本人却养成这样的饮食习惯，所以你在日本很少见到大腹便便的人。
意大利人：不停地按喇叭，以发泄心中的不耐烦。
奥地利人：往往猛烈击掌，表示焦急。
荷兰人：一般会用力跺脚，表示“已缺乏耐心”。
视会卢后大森又扮堡大鬼人笑脸：。，此互时
美国人：往往拿出一支用以减轻堵车烦恼的玩具冲锋枪，扣动扳机，“哒哒” 地扫射一阵，据说此举能帮助重获“心理平衡”。
cross-cultural communication
小组成员：陈莎赖瑶阳靓芳魏巧明郑天向卫平唐文德

Topic 1 Culture, Communication and Intercultural Communication (跨文化交际)

Patterns of communication

Upward communication (sending information from people at a lower level to people at a higher level in an organization)

1) new technology and information systems
2) changes in the world‘s population 3) a shift in the world‘s economic arena

1) new technology and information systems Transportation systems: Tourism boomed (tourism is one of the fastgrowing industries in the world)

available in 210 countries, 28.5million households view it in an average week.

The expasion of WWW and the Internet computer network. The benefits & drawbacks of Internet.
Pre-class discussion

Give an example of a(co)-cultural behavior that you do not understand. See if anyone in the class can explain it to you.

communication & culture跨文化交际

Culture &CommunicationI Elements of Culture1. Products: literature, folklore, art, music & artifacts2. Ideas: beliefs, values & institutions3. Behaviors: customs, habits, dress, food & leisure Culture decides:--how people get married (their customs)--what people teach theirchildren about right and wrong (their values)--what people think is beautiful (their beliefs)--how people look at each other when they are talking (their nonverbal communication)--what people study in school (their institutions)…II Characteristics of Culture1. Culture is learned, nothereditary.The needs that we are born with are basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter. Humans need food. But what to eat, when, where and how to eat is learned. That’s why. We use chopsticks while Westerns prefer knife and fork, and why we like rice while Americans prefer bread. Sneezing is physiological, but after the other personsneezes, a Guangdong person says jixing, while an English native says “God bless you”. When we cough in public places, we Chinese tend to ignore it, but an American usually says “Excuse me”immediately after one does so.We learn our culture in many ways and from a variety of sources, either consciously or unconsciously. One way isby means of proverbs that, communicated in colorful and vivid language, offer an important set of instructions for members to follow. For example, the English proverb “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” encourages people to “speak up and make sure their views are heard.2. Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.Without the advantage of knowledge from those who lived before us, we would not have culture. A culture is but one link in the whole chain of generations, some of which have become history and some of which are yet to come.3. Culture is dynamic.Cultures, once formed, are stable, but are at the same time changing with the development of humansociety. The Chinese culture has experienced great changes in its long history, especially since the May 4th Movement in 1919. For example, handshaking that was not practiced before is popular now, yet in some remote rural areas, elderly farmers still don’t shake hands. Today changes in China are even more frequent than ever before. And contact, by its verynature, brings change. Cultures also change through several mechanisms: innovation, diffusion, and acculturation being the most common.Innovation is usually defined as the discovery of new practices tools, or concepts that many members of the culture accept and that may produce slight changes in social habits and behaviors. (TV,the computer, the internet, environmental awareness, women’s rights movement, the compass, the printing technique, gunpowder, the cutting of men’s pigtails after the Qing Dynasty was overthrown.)Diffusion is the borrowing by one culture from another. Historically, diffusion has been part of cultural contact for as long as cultures have existed.Examples are tobacco from S. America to many other countries, Buddhism from India to China, McDonald’s hamburgers now being sold all over the world, jeans popular in the world, western suits in many other countries, Qigong getting known in the west…Acculturation usually is in response to extended and intensive first-hand contact between two ormore previously autonomous cultures or co-cultures. This type of change is common to international immigrants, who for a variety of reasons find themselves in another culture.One point has to be made: although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alternations. That is,changes in dress, food, transportation, housing and the like are likely to occur very quickly. However, values associated with such things as ethics and morals, work and leisure, definitions of freedom, the importance of the past, religious practices, the pace of life, and attitudes toward gender and age are so deeply embedded in a culture that they persist generation aftergeneration.4. Most of culture is hidden, like the part of the iceberg under water.It’s difficult to study culture because most what we call culture is below the surface and cannot be seen. That’s to say most of culture exists in the subconscious mind of people, who therefore aren’t aware of the fact that their actions are governed by their ownculture, or cultural rules. 5. Values are the core of culture, and cultures are mainly differentiated from others by way of different values people hold. Many of these differences can be seen from what people do. For example, western people celebrate Christmas; people in East Asia celebrated Spring Festival. Some people speak Spanish, but others speak English.Some people talk to God, but others have God talk to them. And still others say there is no God. Some people paint and decorate their entire bodies, but others spend millions of dollars painting and decorating only their faces. People like to hear compliments and praises, but people from different cultures respond differently to the same complimentsand praises.III Characteristics of Values1. As part of culture, values are learned from people around: family, school, mass media, and so on. Once learned, they tend to be stable. And they govern people’s beliefs, attitudes, ideas and actions.2. Values are hidden. We do not see them as they exist in our subconscious. We arenot always aware of them, but we make judgments according to them.3. Each of us has a unique set of individual values, but there also are values that tend to permeate a culture. They are called cultural values. What we are concerned here are cultural values shared by most members of a community. The point we have to keep in mind is that the value ofthe culture may not be the value of all individuals within the culture. In other words, there are exceptions to the culture values when we come to individuals within a culture.4. Values can be compared on continuum rather than one of only two possible choices. People everywhere posses the same value to different degrees. Every culture teaches their youngto be civil, yet the importance of that common value, and how it gets acted out, is matter of degree.5. Values are interrelated. They don’t work alone. For example, the value toward family usually leads to those toward age, status, etc.6. Values of a culture change just as cultures do. They change, of course, much more slowly than do the way people dress, theartifacts people make, and other parts of a culture that are easily seen. The “women’s movement”, for example, has greatly altered the value system in the US. There are also changes seen in our country.IV Case studyCase study 1During the American Civil War, a very hungry young man fell down in front of a farm gate. The farmer gavehim food but in return he asked the young man move a pile of wood in his yard—in fact it was not at all necessary to move the wood. When the young man left, the farmer moved the wood back to its original place. Seeing all this, the farmer’s son was confused. Questions:Why did the farmer do that? And what values are reflected in this story?Explanations:The farmer explained to his son that one could never at any time in any way make other people feel inferior, even unintentionally and out of goodwill. What accounts for the farmer’s behavior is that he believed in individualism, independence, self-reliance, self-esteem, and egalitarianism, the major values in the USA._______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Individualism is used by anthropologists to designate one of the basic orientations of some cultures. The American culture is often referred to as an individualistic culture where individuals subordinate the goals of collectives to their personal goals. A key belief of people in individualisticcultures is that the smallest unit of survival is the individual. Individualism applies to, besides American culture, other cultures, particularly those of E urope, North A merica, Australia, and New Zealand. Individualism was first used by theIndividualism was first used by the French historian and politician Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859).According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary individualism is “a theory maintaining the political and economic independence of the individual and stressing individual initiative, action and interests; also: conduct or practice guided by such a theory.”The pursuit of individual rights and interests is considered utterly legitimate. Self-actualization and themaximal realization of individual potential are supreme aims in life. Two quotations may bear out this individualism. One is “There is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women.”(Quoted by Zhao Biao, 2001). The other is “You are selfish and I am selfish, but you don’t stand in my way and I don’t stand in your way. We are both selfish and we are bothhappy”(one American professor). (Quoted by Zhao Biao, 2001).Of all the American values, individualism is probably the most basic.So so me people refer to the American culture as “I”culture, as individuals are emphasized. Many American prefer to use the word “freedom”to mean what scholars call individualism. By freedom, they mean the desire andability of all individuals to control their own destiny without interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church or any other organized authority. So Americans are expected to take initiative in advancing their personal interests and well-being and to be direct and assertive in interacting with others (Hu & Grove, 1991). There is, however, a price to be paidfor the individual freedom: self-reliance. Americans believe that individualism must learn to rely on themselves or risk losing freedom. This means achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21. It means that Americans believe that they should take care of themselves, solve their ownproblems and “stand on their own feet”.The other major type of culture is often called a collectivism culture where individuals subordinate their personal goals to the goals of some collectives. A key brief of people in collectivist cultures is that the smallest unit of survival is the collective. In many situations people in collectivist cultures haveinternalized the norms of their collectives so completely that there are no such things as a distinction between group goals and personal goals. Cultures that fall into the category of collectivism include to a greater or lesser extent those in Asia, Africa, South America, and the Pacific islands.Chinese culture is believed to be collectivism-orientedwhere the basic unit of the society in the family (collective), not the individual. So it is sometimes referred as a collective “we” culture. Parents are highly protective of their children. Even grown children depend on their parents’financial support until they find employment; they live in their parents’household until they are married, if notlonger. Filial piety is one of the principal virtues counseled by Confucius: this virtue is not an abstraction but one that continues to be played out on a daily basis as children—including adult children—demonstrate again and again that they are obedient to their parents and solicitous of their welfare. Therefore, support from family members and otherrelatives is very important for individuals, whether parents or children.In order to get necessary support, it’s very important to get along with other people. Therefore, harmony is highly valued, and open conflicts are to be avoided.???Competition is never encouraged.???But as society is developing and things are changing, there have already beenchanges in the values and beliefs. However, changes in this area are not likely to occur very quickly._______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Case study 2(1) Read the quotation from Abraham Lincoln and discuss in small groups what value he expressed. We…wish to allow the humblest man an equalchance to get rich with everyone else. When one starts poor, as most do in the race of life, free society is such that he knows he can better his condition; he knows that there is no fixed condition of labor for his whole life.(2)If a poor man were to get rich as Lincoln said, what would he do to succeed? Discuss the answer in pairs.(3)Placing a high value onmaterial possessions is called “materialism”. Although many people find this word offensive, acquiring and maintaining a large number of material possessions is of very great importance to most Americans. Discuss in pairs why it is so and how people get their wealth. Explanations:(1) The value President Lincoln expressed in thatquotation is “equality of opportunity”, by which Americans mean that each individual should have an equal chance for success, not that everyone is—or should be—equal.They see much of life as a race for success. For them, equality means that everyone should have an equal chance to enter the race and win. In other words, equality of opportunity may be thoughtof as an ethical rule. It helps ensure that the race for success is a fair one and that a person does not win just because he/she was not born into a wealthy family.(2) If much of life is seen asa race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. That is a price to be remunerated for the equality of opportunity. If every personhas an equal chance to succeed, then it is every person’s duty to try. Americans match their energy and intelligence against that of their neighbors in a completive contest for success. People who like to compete and are most successful than others are honorably called “winners”. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin inchildhood and continue until retirement from work. Learning to compete successfully is part of growing up in the US. People believe that competition and the desire to win are healthy and desirable. So there are such sayings as “Every man for himself and God for us all.”“Every man is the architect of his own fortune.”And “upward mobility”isadmired.(3) Probably the main reason is that material wealth is the most widely accepted measure of social status there. As Americans rejected the European system f hereditary aristocracy and titles of nobility, they had to find a substitute for judging social status. The quality and quantity of an individual’s material possessions becamethe accepted measure of success and social status. But Americans pay a price for their material wealth: hard work. The North American continent was rich in natural resources when the first settlers arrived, but all these resources were underdeveloped. Only by hard work could these natural resource can be converted into material possessions and acomfortable standard of living. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen not only as tangible evidence of peopl e’s work, but also of their abilities. Case study 3We know that there are quite a few questions that you are not supposed to ask in theUS and some other western countries. It is considered impolite to inquire a person’s age, marriage status, income, religious belief, choice in voting, property, and others. If one of your American friends shows you something that he has just bought, you will, of course, say “What a nice skirt. It looks fabulous”or something like that but not inquire about the price. Ofall the aspects, one’s income is the top secret. People at the same office have the faintest idea of how much each person earns, except the boss.Questions:How would you account for this phenomenon? What concept is behind this? Discuss in small groups. Explanations:This is the concept of privacy which refers to thestate of condition of being free from being observed or disturbed by other people, or being free from public attention. It has a lot to do with the value of individualism. In order to understand the American, or Western, idea of personal privacy, you should start by thinking of a nation’s concept of “territoriality”. A nation has borders or boundaries, and everythingwithin those boundaries belongs to that nation and no other. And so is it in the cases concerning personal affairs. Take a private house. If one enters a private house without asking for permission, he is likely to be accused of trespassing or even burglary. And there is, again, individual territory, even in a house: a person’s bedroom, for example, is his or her territory. Those whodo not live in that bedroom must not enter without asking and must not open the closet or drawer in that room. On top of the desk, there may be letters, business papers or other articles. You must not pick up one of these and read it. If a person if reading something, you must not lean over his shoulder to “share” it with him. It is his private property. The sameconcept is true in an office. If it is somebody else who wants to enter the office, he/she usually asks, “May I come in?”and waits for an affirmative answer before entering the room.Case study 4In the early 1980s, a group of social scientists from around the world conducted a survey of Chinese values. In order to avoid biasing the research by using Western。

2[1].culture_and_communication

Enculturation(文化濡化）: Enculturation(文化濡化）: The forms for expressing and comprehending basic social behavior are internalized from the teachings of early “significant others,” with a strong emotional overtone and identification. Acculturation（文化涵化）: Acculturation（文化涵化）: When one moves into a new and unfamiliar culture and interact with it, the process of resocialization, or acculturation, occurs.
a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture( dominant culture) to which they belong. Orbe and his co-cultural theory. His rational for the couse of the term co-culture is that it implies equality. coIt may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes.

Culture, Communication and Intercultural Communication

Culture, Communication and Intercultural CommunicationA brief introduction to the history of the study of ICC:1. In 1946: The US government passed the Foreign Service Act and established the Foreign Service Institute.2. In 1959: The publication of the Silent Language by the American cultural anthropologist, Edward T. Hall marked the emergence of ICC.3. In 1966: ICC was regarded as curriculum in the US.4. In 1970: ICC was recognized as an independent area of study by the International Communication Association (国际传播学会).5. In 1972: The first international conference on intercultural communication was held in Japan.6. In 1983: Gudykunst, American well known scholar in ICC, edited the first text on intercultural communication theory, Intercultural Communication Theories.Keywords:1. Culture (from intellectual perspective): Culture is “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”. 从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其它表现。

文化交际的英语作文

文化交际的英语作文Cultural Communication。

Cultural communication is the exchange of ideas, values, and beliefs between people from different cultural backgrounds. It is an essential part of global interaction and plays a significant role in promoting mutual understanding and respect among individuals and nations. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of cultural communication, its challenges, and ways to overcome them.Firstly, cultural communication is essential because it helps individuals to understand and appreciate the differences between cultures. It enables people to learn about other cultures, their customs, traditions, and beliefs. This understanding promotes tolerance and respect for diversity, which is crucial in today's globalized world. It also helps to break down stereotypes and prejudices that can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.However, cultural communication can be challenging due to language barriers, cultural differences, and social norms. For instance, non-verbal communication such as gestures and facial expressions can have different meanings in different cultures. Additionally, cultural differencesin values and beliefs can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. For example, in some cultures, it is acceptable to be direct and assertive, while in others, it is considered impolite.To overcome these challenges, individuals need to be open-minded and willing to learn about other cultures. They should also be aware of their own cultural biases and understand how they may affect their communication with people from other cultures. Learning the language of the other culture and understanding their customs andtraditions can also help to improve communication.In conclusion, cultural communication is essential in promoting mutual understanding and respect amongindividuals and nations. Despite the challenges,individuals can overcome them by being open-minded, awareof their cultural biases, and willing to learn about other cultures. By doing so, we can build a more harmonious and peaceful world.。

跨文化交际的英文表达

"Cross-cultural communication" 是指在不同文化背景下进行交流和理解的过程。

在许多情境下，人们可能会用以下表达来描述跨文化交际：
1. Intercultural Communication: 跨文化交际的常用术语。

2. Cultural Exchange: 文化交流，表示在不同文化间分享和交流信息。

3. Global Communication: 全球交流，指的是超越国界进行的跨文化沟通。

4. Diversity and Inclusion: 多元性与包容，强调在交际中考虑和尊重不同文化的多样性。

5. Interpersonal Understanding: 人际理解，强调在交流中理解和尊重他人的文化差异。

6. Cultural Sensitivity: 文化敏感性，指的是在交际中考虑并尊重他人的文化背景。

7. Adaptation and Adjustment: 适应与调整，表示在不同文化环境中调整自己的交际方式以融入当地文化。

8. Global Citizenship: 全球公民意识，鼓励个体在跨文化交际中具有开放、包容和全球意识。

9. Cultural Intelligence (CQ): 文化智商，强调个体在不同文化中有效交往的能力。

10. Bridging Cultural Divides: 架桥文化分歧，表示尝试弥合不同文化间的差异。

在任何跨文化交际中，理解文化差异的重要性以及尊重他人文化的价值观是关键。

这些表达可以帮助描述和促进在多元文化背景中的有效交际。

Inter-culture communication

Inter-cultural communication
"Inter-cultural communication" refers tothe communication betweennative speakers and non-native.Italso refers tothe communication of differentlanguagesand cultural uallythe cultural differences lies in the concept of time, formulaic language, catering customs, privacy issues, appellation termsand so on.
To improve cross-cultural communication ability, we must first understand their own cultural identity. Everyone is looking at the world from the point of view of their own culture, are a product of their cultural background. Therefore, we should think objectively about the cultural identity of the nation tobetter deal with the problem.Secondly, we must understand the characteristics ofdifferentculture,Core values,thinking mode, the world outlook, the social structure, political system, as well as the characteristics of the development of the individualand so on.These are the main factors to cultural differences

跨文化交际Communication is Culture and Culture is Communication

Communication is Culture and Culture is Communication Hall, an anthropologist, once said,“Communication is culture. Culture is communication.”I agree on what he said. The reasons why I think so are as followed:First of all, culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared,learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people. And communication is one kind of culture’s living way.Secondly, communication is the activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people munication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. So,culture need communication which helps it to be expressed and let other people know it is unique.Besides,the conversation you make is all based on your background, including your culture.In that way, communication is cultural conversation.Last but not least,culture is a whole collection of our living patterns and behaviors. Many cultures are defined by their communication styles and techniques. The formality of a culture, for instance, is instantly apparent in its tradition of greetings.As far as I am concerned,culture and communication can not live without each other.So I agree that communication is culture and culture is communication.。

《跨文化交际》教学大纲

跨文化交际、基本信息二、课程描述本课程是为英语专业本科生开设的一门专业选修课程，是一门社交礼仪的实用性课程, 包括礼仪的概论、社交礼仪、涉外礼仪以及不同场合的礼节和规范。

三、教学目标通过本课程的理论教学和相关实验训练，使学生具备如下能力：1、通过对现代礼仪以及外事礼仪和商务礼仪的学习，帮助学生了解人们在不同场合的得体的举止，学会如何有效地展现个人的教养、风度和魅力；2、体现出个人对社会的认知水准、个人学识、修养和价值。

能使学生们在今后的工作中更好地发挥自身的能力。

四、课程目标对毕业要求的支撑五、教学内容Unit 1Language Tools: Suggesting PossibilitiesEncounter: The TaxiIntercultural Communication Reading: Intercultural Communication and UnderstandingProjected Cultural Similarity六、教学安排该课程每周32学时，16周，16学时为课堂授课教学时间，14学时为课内实验教学时间,2学时为期末复习答疑。

建议教学进度如下：难点内容: Ethnocentrism 教学内容: Unit 5, Unit 6 第7, 8章 Dealing with Conflict （支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容: K'ar Stories 难点内容: Dealing with Conflict 教学内容: Unit 7, Unit第9, 10章 Friendship Pa tterns （支撑课程目标4、5）重点内容: Friendship Patterns 难点内容: Friendship Patterns 教学内容:Unit 9, Unit 10第1, 2章Intercultural Communica tion and Understanding Wes terners（支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容: Individualist and Collectivist Cultures 难点内容: Individualist and Collectivist Cuiturcs教学内容: Unit 1, Unit第3, 4章 Generalizations and stereotypes （支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容: Di fference in Rank and Power 难点内容: Difference in Rank and Power教学内容: Unit 3, Unit 4第5, 6章 Conformity in Wes torn Cui turcs （支撑课程目标4、5）重点内容:li'osterncrsUnit 1Language Tools: Suggesting PossibilitiesEncounter: The TaxiIntercultural Communication Reading: Intercultural Communication and UnderstandingUnit 6Letter To Fran: CarsFran's Response: CarsCulture Difference Reading: Family Relationship in the USUnit 7Language Tools: Acknowledging Other Points of ViewEncounter: The English ClubTntercultural Communication Reading: Tn^groups and Out-GroupsUnit 7Letter To Fran:：CriticsFran's Response: CriticsCulture Difference Reading: In / Out-Groups in Collectivist and IndividualistUnit 8Language Tools: Conceding a PointEncounter: BorrowingIntercultural Communication Reading: War StoriesUnit 8Letter To Fran:：ExceptionsFran's Response: ExceptionsCulture Difference Reading: Dealing with ConflictUnit 9Language Tools: Checking and ClarifyingEncounter: Left out of the ConversationsIntercultural Communication Reading: War StoriesUnit 9Letter To Fran:：An American FriendFran's Response: An American FriendCuiture Difference Reading: Friendship Patterns七、课内实验内容、要求及学时无课内实验内容。

Culture and Communication 2 跨文化交际

Culture and Communication - The Relationship Between Communication and Culture, Characteristics of Culture, Glimpses of Culturecultures cultural individuals time relationships organizations societies customsThe term “culture” refers to the complex colle ction of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs, and customs that link and give a common identity to a particular group of people at a specific point in time.All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops over time. In friendship and romantic relationships, for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, rituals, habits, and customs that give that relationship a special character—a character that differentiates it in various ways from other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places, songs, or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for two individuals.Groups also develop cultures, composed of the collection of rules, rituals, customs, and other characteristics that give an identity to the social unit. Where a group traditionally meets, whether meetings begin on time or not, what topics are discussed, how decisions are made, and how the group socializes are all elements of what, over time, become defining and differentiating elements of its culture.Organizations also have cultures, often apparent in particular patterns of dress, layout of workspaces, meeting styles and functions, ways of thinking about and talking about the nature and directions of the organization, leadership styles, and so on.The most rich and complex cultures are those that are associated with a society or a nation, and the term “culture” is most commonly used to refer to these characteristics, including language and language-usage patterns, rituals, rules, and customs. A societal or national culture also includes such elements as significant historical events and characters, philosophies of government,social customs, family practices, religion, economic philosophies and practices, belief and value systems, and concepts and systems of law.Thus, any social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, or society—develops a culture over time. While the defining characteristics—or combination of characteristics—of each culture are unique, all cultures share certain common functions. Three such functions that are particularly important from a communication perspective are (1) linking individuals to one another, (2) providing the basis for a common identity, and (3) creating a context for interaction and negotiation among members.The Relationship Between Communication and CultureThe relationship between communication and culture is a very complex and intimate one. First, cultures are created through communication; that is, communication is the means of human interaction through which cultural characteristics— whether customs, roles, rules, rituals, laws, or other patterns—are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies, but rather that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction. In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication. Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible to preserve and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to another. One can say, therefore, that culture is created, shaped, transmitted, and learned through communication. The reverse is also the case; that is, communication practices are largely created, shaped, and transmitted by culture.To understand the implications of this communication-culture relationship, it is necessary to think in terms of ongoing communication processes rather than a single communication event. For example, when a three-person group first meets, the members bring with them individual thought and behavioral patterns from previous communication experiences and from other cultures of which they are, or have been, a part. As individuals start to engage in communication with the other members of this new group, they begin to create a set of shared experiences and ways of talking about them. If the group continues to interact, a set of distinguishing history, patterns, customs, and rituals will evolve. Some of these cultural characteristics would be quite obvious and tangible, such that a new person joining the group would encounter ongoing cultural “rules” to which they would learn to conform through communication. New members would in turn influence the group culture in small, and sometimes large, ways as they become a part of it. In areciprocal fashion, this reshaped culture shapes the communication practices of current and future group members. This is true with any culture; communication shapes culture, and culture shapes communication. Characteristics of CultureCultures are complex and multifaceted. As is apparent from the above discussions, cultures are complex “structures” that consist of a wide ar ray of characteristics. The cultures of relationships or groups are relatively simple compared to those of organizations and, especially, societies. Edward Hall (1959, 1979) is one of the most significant contributors to the general understanding of the complexity of culture and the importance of communication to understanding and dealing with cultural differences at the societal level.Ads by GoogleFons TrompenaarsTrompenaars Hampden-TurnerIntercultural Managment ConsultingGlobal Team CollaborationIncrease team performance throughe-learning and teamwork training/virtual_world.cfmManagement of complexityThe leading tool to master complexprojects, processes, developments..www.consideo-modeler.deSolution for Cable TVIncrease revenue level withMulti-level convergence platformCultures are subjective. There is a tendency to assume that the elements of one’s own cultures are logical and make good sense. It follows that if other cultures—whether of relationships, groups, organizations, or societies—look different, those differences are often considered to be negative, illogical, and sometimes nonsensical. If, for example, an individual happens to be in a romantic relationship that is characterized by public displays of affection, that person might think that the behaviors of other people who have more reservedrelational cultures may seem strange, even inappropriate. The person might wonder why a romantic couple would not be more open in displaying affection to one another in public. The individual might even be tempted to conclude that the “reserved” relationship lacks depth and intensity. This phenomenon is true in a variety of situations. People who are used to informal meetings of a group might think that adherence to formal meeting rules is strange and stilted. Employees in an organization where suits are worn every day may react with cynicism and questioning when they enter an organization where casual attire is standard practice. Someone from a culture that permits one man to have only one wife may find it quite inappropriate that another culture allows one man to have multiple wives. With regard to culture, the tendency for many people is to equate “different” with “wrong,” even though all cultural elements come about through essentially identical communication processes. Cultures change over time. In fact, cultures are ever changing—though the change is sometimes very slow and imperceptible. Many forces influence cultural change. As indicated above, cultures are created through communication, and it is also through communication between individuals that cultures change over time. Each person involved in a communication encounter brings the sum of his or her own experiences from other (past or present) culture memberships. In one sense, any encounter between individuals in new relationships, groups, organizations, or societies is an intercultural communication event, and these varying cultural encounters influence the individual and the cultures over time. Travel and communication technologies greatly accelerate the movement of messages from one cultural context to another, and in small and large ways, cultures come to influence one another through communication. Phrases such as “melting pot,” “world community,” and “global village” speak to the inevitability of intercultural influence and change.Cultures are largely invisible. Much of what characterizes cultures of relationships, groups, organizations, or societies is invisible to its members, much as the air is invisible to those who breathe it. Language, of course, is visible, as are greeting conventions, special symbols, places, and spaces. However, the special and defining meanings that these symbols, greetings, places, and spaces have for individuals in a culture are far less visible. For example, one can observe individuals kissing when they greet, but unless one has a good deal more cultural knowledge, it is difficult to determine what the behavior means in the context of the culture of their relationship, group, organization, or society. In other words, it is difficult to tell, without more cultural knowledge, if the kiss is a customary greeting among casual acquaintances or if such a greeting would be reserved for family members or lovers. As another example, beefsteak is thought of as an excellent food in some cultures. However, if one were a vegetarian or a member of a culturewhere the cow is sacred, that same steak would have an entirely different cultural meaning.Glimpses of CultureFor the reasons noted above, opportunities to “see” culture and the dynamic relationship that exists between culture and communication are few. Two such opportunities do occur when there are violations of cultural conventions or when there is cross-cultural contact.When someone violates an accepted cultural convention, ritual, or custom—for example, by speaking in a foreign language, standing closer than usual while conversing, or discussing topics that are typically not discussed openly—the other members of the culture become aware that something inappropriate is occurring. When “normal” cultural practices are occurring, members of the culture think little of it, but when violations occur, the members are reminded—if only momentarily—of the pervasive role that culture has on daily life.When visiting other groups, organizations, and, especially, other societies, people are often confronted by—and therefore become aware of— different customs, rituals, and conventions. These situations often are associated with some awkwardness, as the people strive to understand and sometimes to adapt to the characteristics of the new culture. In these circumstances, again, one gains a glimpse of “culture” and the processes by which people create and adapt to culture.The Role of Technology and MediaAll institutions within society facilitate communication, and in that way, they all contribute to the creation, spread, and evolution of culture. However, communication media such as television, film, radio, newspapers, compact discs, magazines, computers, and the Internet play a particularly important role. Because media extend human capacities for creating, duplicating, transmitting, and storing messages, they also extend and amplifyculture-building activities. By means of such communication technology, messages are transmitted across time and space, stored, and later retrieved and used. Television programs, films, websites, video games, and compact discs are created through human activity—and therefore reflect and further extend the cultural perspectives of their creators. They come to take on a life of their own, quite distinct and separate from their creators, as they are transmitted and shared around the increasingly global community.Issues and Areas of StudyUnderstanding the nature of culture in relationship to communication is helpful in a number of ways. First, it helps to explain the origin of differences between the practices, beliefs, values, and customs of various groups and societies, and it provides a reminder of the communication process by which these differences came into being. This knowledge can and should heighten people’s tolerance for cultural differences. Second, it helps to explain the process that individuals go through in adapting to new relationships, groups, organizations, and societies and the cultures of each. Third, it underscores the importance of communication as a bridge between cultures and as a force behind cultural change.A number of questions also concern researchers and policymakers in this area. As communication increases between individuals, groups, and countries, does this mean that cultural differences and traditions will inevitably erode altogether? Will the cultures of individuals from groups, organizations, and societies that have great access to and control of communication media overpower those in cultures that have fewer resources and less access and control? Can knowledge be used to help individuals more comfortably and effectively adapt to new relationships, groups, organizations, and societies? The importance of these issues makes this area an important one for continued examination by scholars and practitioners.Read more: Culture and Communication - The Relationship Between Communication and Culture, Characteristics of Culture, Glimpses of Culture /articles/pages/6491/Culture-and-Communicati on.html#ixzz0yXnwZKMZ。

跨文化沟通(cross-culture-communication)ppt课件

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中国人：最有行动力的应当属于中国人，在焦急等待中走出车厢，自己充当交警。
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VS
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差异：
1、世界观的不同
4、学习目的的不同
2、宇宙观的不同
5、时间观的不同
3、思维方式的不同
6、沟通方式的不同
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跨文化沟通障碍：
一、组织内部的沟通障碍（1）员工结构的改变增加了沟通的难度（2）组织层次和部门的冗杂，导致信息丢失二、组织外部的沟通障碍（1）信息多元化（2）社会文化多元化（3）组织外部沟通对象多元化
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日本人是用眼吃饭：说日本人用眼吃饭，并不是贬低日本人，而是日本人长期的岛国心
态，造就了他们的饮食习惯，由于日本是一岛国，物产相对来说比较匮乏，有的食材需要长期进口，所以他们把饮食的风格放在少而精上，做得量很少，但是食材选择以活的海鲜为主，用的器皿也是非常讲究，但是都突出一个小字，让人吃起来赏心悦目，但是每次的食量都不是太大，所以我们中国人吃日本料理都说吃不饱，而日本人却养成这样的饮食习惯，所以你在日本很少见到大腹便便的人。
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中国人是用嘴吃饭：说中国人真正是用嘴吃饭，有人可能会说哪个国家的人不是用嘴
吃饭，他们还用鼻子吃饭不成。其实说中国人用嘴吃饭，是说中国人吃饭最讲究口味，酸、甜、苦、辣，什么南甜北咸、东辣西酸。中国八大菜系，各有自己的一套烹饪方法，讲究一个风味和口感。
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当塞车时：
日本人：拉长了脸，呆在车里一声不吭。
cross-cultural communication
小组成员：陈莎赖瑶阳靓芳魏巧明郑天向卫平唐文德
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作为一个有抱负有理想的大学生，具备有效沟通的能力是很重要的，而随着全球一体化，跨文化沟通也越来越重要也越发普遍。

文化沟通英文作文

文化沟通英文作文Culture communication is an essential part of our daily lives. It helps us understand and appreciate different customs, traditions, and beliefs. It also allows us to connect with people from diverse backgrounds and build meaningful relationships.When it comes to cultural communication, it's important to approach it with an open mind and a willingness to learn. We should be respectful of other people's culturalpractices and be open to new experiences and perspectives.Language plays a crucial role in cultural communication. It's not just about speaking the same language, but also understanding the nuances, idioms, and cultural references that are unique to a particular language and culture.Non-verbal communication, such as body language, gestures, and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in cultural communication. It's important to be awareof these non-verbal cues and understand their meanings in different cultural contexts.Cultural sensitivity is another important aspect of cultural communication. It's essential to be mindful of our words and actions to avoid unintentionally offending or disrespecting someone from a different cultural background.In today's globalized world, cultural communication is more important than ever. It helps us break down barriers, foster mutual understanding, and promote peace and harmony among people of different cultures.。

Culture Communication

Culture and Communication 文化与交际

《跨文化交际》教学大纲

英语四级词汇(culture&communication)

跨文化交际(含教案)(高中英语选修课)

跨文化商务交际英语unit 1 text1-Culture and communication参考译文(英汉对照版彭炳铭)

[英语学习]culture and communication

跨文化沟通(cross-culture-communication)

Topic 1 Culture, Communication and Intercultural Communication (跨文化交际)

communication & culture跨文化交际

2[1].culture_and_communication

Culture, Communication and Intercultural Communication

文化交际的英语作文

跨文化交际的英文表达

Inter-culture communication

跨文化交际Communication is Culture and Culture is Communication

《跨文化交际》教学大纲

Culture and Communication 2 跨文化交际

跨文化沟通(cross-culture-communication)ppt课件

文化沟通 英文作文

文化沟通英文作文