2017北京中考英语复习三年命题规律总结+中考精炼：第二部分 语言技能专练

准确获取文章事实或细节信息是深入理解文章的基础，是重要的阅读技能。

《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）对初中毕业生提出了阅读技能标准，其中就有“能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息”的明确要求。

获取细节信息能力是中考重点考查的阅读技能之一，在中考阅读题中占较大比重。

2014年北京市中考英语试卷有10道考查获取细节信息的阅读题目，占20分；2015年和2016年北京市中考英语试卷都有11道阅读题目考查细节信息，占22分。

可见，对于初中毕业生来说，在阅读中获取细节信息能力是最基础、最重要的阅读能力，它在中考中占有很大分值，考生一定要充分重视。

此类题目的命题思路是考查考生在文章中获取如人物（who）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、数量多少（how many）、结果（result）等具体事实性信息或对细节信息判断正误的能力，属于阅读中较易题目，但要求考生要足够细心、耐心阅读、仔细甄别选项，这样才能确保正确答题。

解答获取细节信息类题目，应首先从问题入手，准确理解题目含义，先明确要查找什么具体信息，如考查时间（when）还是考查原因（why），再带着具体问题阅读文章，在文章中仔细查找所需信息，可边阅读边勾画出需要查找的细节信息，最后再次细读，比对各个选项，选出正确答案。

此类题目属于较易题目，不会设置太大障碍，大多可以直接在文章中找到所需信息。

此外，保持良好的心态也非常重要。

同学们要有信心，相信自己只要认真阅读文章，就一定可以找到线索，查找到答案。

Passage 1（2014·北京）Have you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers have found out some interesting facts.Perhaps unsurprisingly, we prefer to sit closer to people like ourselves. Girls sit by girls and boys sit by boys. Adults sit together and young people choose another young person to sit near. But it goes further than this. We even choose to sit near someone who looks like us. People with glasses are more likely to sit near other people with glasses. People with long hair sit closer to other people with long hair.1. From the passage, we know that people prefer sitting by someone who .A. is like themselvesB. has a sense of humorC. is open-mindedD. lives an exciting lifeAPassage 2（2014·北京）Billy‟s favorite color is orange. But he can‟t see what orange looks like. Billy is blind.A month after he was born, his mother n oticed that his eyes weren‟t quite as big as a normal baby‟s. “Billy would never be able to see，” the doctor told his mother. After that Billy‟s mother began talking to him, describing things she saw. She told him what she was cooking,or what she saw outside the window. She described everything to him.Billy does not only depend on his mother‟s descriptions to learn about the world around him. He sees with his ears and his hands, too. He has perfect hearing. When people make phone calls, he can tell the numbers they dial（拨）.1. How did Billy‟s mother help him?A. By teaching him how to draw.B. By asking teachers for advice.C. By describing everything to him.D. By sending him to his dream school.CPassage 3（2015·北京）Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.If you follow these steps below, you‟ll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum.Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It‟s easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!Do some research online.Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as:...1. According to the passage, we should first .A. do some research onlineB. make a plan for lunchC. decide on a museum to visitD. choose a friend to go withCPassage 4（2016·北京）Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies（喜剧）best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.When he heard about the talent show to be held at this school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage（舞台）before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but silly，” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do，” another boy also sa id to him, loudly.Brian couldn‟t understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn‟t understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.1. Brian decided to prepare for the show because .A. his friends liked his jokesB. he was invited by a TV stationC. he wasn‟t busy acting in moviesD. Ken was expecting his performanceAPassage 5（2016·北京）Which hand do you use when you write?About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don‟t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their toolsCPassage 1（2014·东城一模）Christian Bucks may be young, but he surely knows how to be a good friend. When the York, Pennsylvania, second-grader noticed that some of his schoolmates didn‟t have anyone to play with during break time, he came up with a way to help them. He suggested having something called a “buddy bench” put in on his school‟s playground.A buddy bench is a special bench where students can sit if they are feeling bored or lonely. It‟s usually brightly colored with “BUDDY BENCH” in big letters. Other students can then go to the bench and ask them if they would like to play or talk.“We show we care about others when we ask others to play，” Christian told reporters.1. Christian Bucks suggested having a buddy bench to help .A. his teachersB. his studentsC. his parentsD. his schoolmatesDPassage 2（2015·海淀一模）Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask for next-day delivery! Each day, more and more people try online shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.People are surprised to hear this. “They think，…I don‟t need to drive, and the business doesn‟t need to build a store, so there will be less pollution，‟” says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. “But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution. ”In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use incre ased by 33 percent between 1986 and 1997. “Online shopping could have similarly negative effects，” says Nevil Cohen, a professor of environmental science.Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy products such as televisions, computers, and furniture. These products need to be packed in large amounts of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste.1. Why does online shopping create a lot of waste?A. Because companies charge more for product returns.B. Because people buy too many things they don‟t need.C. Because paper use has increased by 33 percent from 1986 to 1997.D. Because large, heavy products require much packing material.DPassage 3（2016·海淀一模）Living next to next is the principle（原则）of a neighbor. Good neighborliness is the ideal to be aimed at. As the saying goes, no man is an island; he has to live with his neighbors. To make life easy and pleasant, he must cooperate with his neighbors.Whether one likes it or not, one cannot do without neighbors. Normally he may think one can do without neighbors because he can manage all comforts and services, so the services or the need for a friend may not happen. However, the sympathy（同情）, admiration and appreciation which a neighbor may offer will have a great humanizing influence. To share one‟s view and sometimes even sadness, one needs some neighbors.But all neighbors are not always keeping the friendly relationship. Stresses and tension（紧张）develop because of misunderstanding. Very often children may be the cause for tense feelings. The neighbor‟s son may pick a flower or a fruit from your garden an d an argument may follow. Again he may throw his ball at your window, breaking it. These are common cases so far as the younger one is concerned but it is for the elders to view them with calmness and make up for it. This may read easily on paper but not so in real life. But being broad-minded, one must be able to tolerate（容忍）. Another reason for tension may be the animals. Your neighbor‟s dog may be a real trouble or his chickens would come into your garden and eat away your plants.1. Which of the following may cause misunderstanding?A. Hobbies and habits.B. Children and pets.C. Sports and games.D. Likes and dislikes.BPassage 4（2014·朝阳一模）You‟re buying a used car, moving into a new house, or deciding which doctor should treat your illness. These are times when you need to get directly to the core （核心）of an important matter.Asking general questions gets little valuable information and may even result in unreal answers, says Julia Minson, a visiting scholar in decision science at the University of Pennsylvania in the US. The best way, says Minson, is to ask a lot of questions that discover there are problems.Let‟s say someone is selling a used iPod. An example of a general question is “What can you tell me about it?” A positive-assumption （正面推测）question is “There aren‟t any problems with it, right?” But a negative-assumption question, such as “What problems have you had with it?” will get the most honest answer, found Minson and her team.In a study，87% of the sellers warned the buyers of problems when asked a negative- assumption question, while 59% of those did the same thing to a positive-assumption one.When you want the truth, you have to ask for it. What problems does this car have? What are the worst parts of this job? How many people with my kind of illness have been successfully treated? Your questions should communicate that you are sure there will be difficulties and that you want to know about them.1. What can we do if we want the truth, according to the passage?A. Ask for it ourselves.B. Talk with honest people.C. Study it ourselves.D. Do some experiments.APassage 5（2016·通州二模）Teenage life is interesting, adventurous（冒险的）and difficult. Teenagers have to go through many problems. It may probably be a family problem or a school problem. It is important to learn how to deal with those problems.Be grateful（感激的）of your parents’ support. When you have a problem, ask your parents to support you. When a child is thirteen, he feels like he has grown up. As a part of a family, teenagers do not want their parents to involve in their personal activities and they think they are able to be independent（独立的）.It is very normal and parents should also cooperate（合作）with their kids. They should try to get to know what their child needs. Sometimes a child may be hesitating（犹豫）to tell something but they should try to know what the matter is. Parents‟ support is the greatest support for a teenager.Learn to live in society.Society plays a very important role in everyon e‟s life. What teenagers see from society has a big influence on their characters.As a teenager, you should know what is wrong and what is right. Never be impatient in making a decision. Always keep cool and calm（沉着的）, take advice from your parents and you will make a good decision. Don‟t let the bad things of society influence you. Instead, get to learn good things from society.Learn from school. School is like a second home. We learn a lot from our school, and at the same time, it is the hardest p art of a teenager‟s life.·First are the studies. You should know what you want to do. Don‟t come under pressure in making choices.·Learn to take your own stand（立场）. If you don‟t do well in exams, don‟t feel broken. Be strong-minded and spend more time on your studies.·Share your problems with your friends. Your friends are always ready to help. If you are confused in your life, talk about what you‟ve done and what you want to do with your friends.1. When teenagers make a decision, they should .A. know their parents‟ needsB. be impatientC. do it by themselvesD. keep calmDPassage 1There! I have drawn the chairs into the right corners and dusted the room nicely. How cold papa and mamma will be when they return from their long ride! It is not time to toast the bread yet, and I am tired of reading.What shall I do? Somehow I can‟t help thinking about the pale face of that beggar girl all the time. I can see the glad light filling her eyes, just as plain as I did when I laid the dime in her little dirty hand.How much I had thought of that dime, too!Grandpa gave it to me, Mary Williams, a whole month ago, and I had kept it ever since in my red box upstairs, but those sugar apples looked sobeautiful, and were so cheap—only a dime a piece—that I made up my mind to have one.1. Who gave the dime to the beggar girl?A. Mary‟s mamma.B. Mary‟s papa.C. Mary‟s grandpa.D. Mary.DPassage 2Now everyone can read it and see it! The Internet is taking over the way we view the world—from news, to communication, to shopping... Will the Internet make our global society more equal, giving everyone an equal chance to find out what need to know and in turn get their message out there?The Internet has taken away a great deal of business away from traditional forms of media, especially newspapers. Instead of buying a newspaper and reading yesterday‟s news, people can go online and find out what happened in the last few hours, and for free too! This has resulted in many newspapers going bankrupt and most newspapers, especially local papers, have been bought by big syndicates. Many journalists are concerned that the quality of the news published has come down as many newspapers cut costs. Also, they are concerned that too many newspapers are now owned by the same companies and so there are not really that many different views and ideas being expressed.1. Newspapers have declined in their influence now, because.A. there is always some untrue news in the newspapersB. the newspapers can‟t provide the latest newsC. people can get free information from the InternetD. most people don‟t care about news at allCPassage 3One winter Sunday, my little sister, Colleen, and I built the greatest snowman ever. We gave him a traditional carrot nose, a cool hat, a comfortable scarf and gloves on the end of his stick arms. He was a masterpiece.The next morning when looking outside, we smiled lovingly at him over our meal. We gave him a high-five as we passed by on our way to school. A lot of kids went past our house, so he was the hot topic at our school that morning. My sister and I generously shared our professional snowman-building suggestions and techniques with our classmates.The day dragged on until finally we could rush home. But as our yard came into sight, we saw something wasn‟t right. The snowman was gone! We only found a broken stick here, a torn glove there and balls of snow everywhere. Worst of a ll, the snowman‟s carrot nose lay limp and half-eaten. What had happened?1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the three paragraphs?A. Many kids went to the writer‟s house to see the snowman.B. My brother and I made a lovely snowman one winter Sunday.C. The classmates asked them for advice on making a great snowman.D. It was a pleasure for the writer to share their skills about snowman-building.DPassage 4You may have heard the music and dancing from the other side of the world when Carnival happened in Rio, Brazil. On Feb 5, the festival officially began, lasting until Feb 10. So why doesthis colorful event‟s energy （活力）continue to excite people from all over the world?Carnival is a crazy six-day celebration that happens around 40 days before the Christian （基督徒的）Easter festival. It happens at the hottest time in summer in Rio and marks the time before the start of Lent, a time when Christians are supposed to give up doing things they like. Those who take part in Carnival are allowed to have fun by enjoying themselves as much as possible. They dance, wear colorful costumes and have a great time.Carnival time has a soundtrack （配乐）of samba music, a type of music that is completely Brazilian. During Carnival, the 14 best samba schools in Rio are each given the chance to show off their music and dancing, joined by 200 to 400 drummers （鼓手）.And it‟s not just the locals who entertain the crowds. Accordi ng to Lonely Planet, some of the schools are “open to travelers who may be passing through town and are prepared to practice for weeks, learn a song, buy a brightly-colored costume and wear it in front of tens of thousands of people”.In the end, judges decide who brought the best dance moves, looks, words and heart to Carnival. And the winner is the pride of Brazil.1. What do you know about Rio Carnival from the article?A. Both locals and travelers enjoy the Carnival excitedly.B. It happens at the coldest time in winter in Rio.C. People sing and dance with samba music in common clothes.D. Nobody cares about the winner of the Carnival.APassage 5Why do people want to go to university? For some, it is the desire to learn. At university, you will be taught by lecturers and professors who may be leading figures in their fields of study or at the forefront of their field of research. The opportunity to learn from and to discuss and interact with these leading academics is what drives some people to apply to university. For others, going to university provides the all-important stepping-stone for their careers, especially amongst certain professions like medicine and engineering, where obtaining a university degree in the relevant field is the minimum requirement. However, for the majority of Western people, university means freedom from home.In most British and American universities, students live in halls or dormitories, especially in their first year. Whether you are living on your own in an ensuite room or in a shared flat with five other strangers, your bedroom is now your personal space and many people like to decorate it in such a way that will reflect their tastes and values. Many students have to learn to share facilities like bathrooms and kitchens whilst others may have their own fridge or microwave. Either way, this is the time when you learn to develop your own personal living space whilst pulling your weight and sharing the responsibility for keeping shared areas clean. You may not get on well with everyone you meet. People often have different habits and circumstances which may affect the way they live. However, university is a time when you learn to look after yourself, to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.1. Which is NOT the reason for people to go to university?A. To study all kinds of knowledge from professors.B. To learn some skills to get ready for future work.C. To get away from home and never return.D. To learn to take care of themselves and live independently.C《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）对初中毕业生明确提出了“能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义”的阅读技能标准要求。