心理学Psycholog英文版PPT记忆和情绪
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最新心理学专业英语基础PPT课件
Evolution:进化论
suggestion:建议，意见，观点
implication:含义，影响，（可引申为意义）
进化论——Darwin认为人类是从别的动物进化而来的。基因 理论（遗传学）是由其理论发展而来的，在基因领域的发现， 对于研究和理解行为有重大的影响。
BIOLOGY
2 Physiology - the discoveries, mostly by the medical profession, of the structure and function of the brain, nervous, and endocrine system have significantly contributed to the understanding of behaviour.
• positivism：a kind of PHILOSOPHY that is based only on real facts which can be scientifically proved, rather than on ideas.
BIOLOGY
Biology has two important influences: 1 Evolution - Darwin's suggestion that humans have evolved from other animals. The discoveries in genetics that followed from his evolutionary theroy have had many important implications for the study and understanding of bahaviour.
suggestion:建议，意见，观点
implication:含义，影响，（可引申为意义）
进化论——Darwin认为人类是从别的动物进化而来的。基因 理论（遗传学）是由其理论发展而来的，在基因领域的发现， 对于研究和理解行为有重大的影响。
BIOLOGY
2 Physiology - the discoveries, mostly by the medical profession, of the structure and function of the brain, nervous, and endocrine system have significantly contributed to the understanding of behaviour.
• positivism：a kind of PHILOSOPHY that is based only on real facts which can be scientifically proved, rather than on ideas.
BIOLOGY
Biology has two important influences: 1 Evolution - Darwin's suggestion that humans have evolved from other animals. The discoveries in genetics that followed from his evolutionary theroy have had many important implications for the study and understanding of bahaviour.
心理健康课件ppt英文
04
Methods for maintaining mental health
Establishing healthy lifestyle habits
Eating a balanced die
A healthy die is essential for maintaining psychological well being Incorporate a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and health fits into your meals to support your mental health
Detailed description
OCD buffers may have invasive thoughts and perform reactive behaviors to allocate their anxiety Treatment options include exposure therapy and medicine
Detailed description
Anxiety disorder can manifest in various ways, such as panic attacks, phobias, and generalized anxiety Coping strategies include relaxation techniques, cognitive behavioral therapy, and managing stress through time management and self-care
Environmental factors
心理学Psycholog英文版PPT(13-情绪)
14 12 Men Women
10
8 6 4 2 0 Sad Happy 中英文日报导航站 Film Type Scary
Expressed Emotion
Culturally universal expressions
中英文日报导航站
Cognitive label “I’m afraid”
Cognition and Emotion
The brain’s shortcut for emotions
中英文日报导航站
Two Routes to Emotion
中英文日报导航站
中英文日报导航站
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Pounding heart (arousal)
Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus)
Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger:
test all employees (including 999 innocents) 50 wrongly declared guilty 中英文日报导航站 1 of 51 testing positive are guilty (~2%)
Expressed Emotion
中英文日报导航站
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotionarousing stimuli
Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) Fear (emotion)
心理学记忆和情绪PPT教育课件
Encoding
Effortful Processing
requires attention and conscious effort
Encoding
Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables
TUV ZOF GEK WAV the more times practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2
/v_show/id_XNTIyNzI4 OTQ0.html?spm=a2h0j.8191423.module_ basic_relation.5~5!2~5~5!5~5~5~A&fro m=y1.2-1-87.3.3-1.1-1-1-2-0 /v_show/id_XNDU3NzE 3NzQw.html?tpa=dW5pb25faWQ9MTAyMj EzXzEwMDAwMl8wMV8wMQ
Encoding: Getting Information In
Encoding
Effortful
Automatic
Encoding
Automatic Processing unconscious encoding of incidental information space time
Serial Position Effect--tendency to recall best the last items in a list
What Do We Encode?
Semantic Encoding
encoding of meaning including meaning of words
Chapter 3 MENTAL PROCESS
心理学Psycholog英文版(15人格)PPT课件
▪ in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious
▪ person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
▪ Oedipus Complex
▪ a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Personality Development
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 15
Personality
What is Personality?
▪ Personality
▪ an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
▪ basic perspectives
Personality Structure
▪ Ego
▪ the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality
▪ mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
▪ operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
▪ person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
▪ Oedipus Complex
▪ a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Personality Development
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 15
Personality
What is Personality?
▪ Personality
▪ an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
▪ basic perspectives
Personality Structure
▪ Ego
▪ the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality
▪ mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
▪ operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
心理学Psycholog英文版(18社会心理学)PPT课件
Participant rubs face
Confederate rubs face
Participant shakes foot
Confederate shakes foot
Social Influence
▪ Asch’s conformity experiments
Social Influence
Social Thinking
▪ Fundamental Attribution Error
▪ tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
▪ tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
▪ Role
▪ set of expectations about a social position
Internal attitudes
External influences
Behavior
Social Thinking
▪ Attitudes follow behavior
▪ Cooperative actions feed mutual liking
Social Thinking
▪ Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
▪ example- when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
Chapter 1 Philosophy of Emotions Psychology of Emotions情绪心理学教学课件
----福不过三代，穷不过三代。
• 情欲的动力性!
Fall, 2008
Psychology of Emotions
6
小结
中国哲学对情的认识: • 情绪的动力性; • 情绪与人类本性的关系; • 情绪身体的关系;
Fall, 2008
Psychology of Emotions
7
柏拉图（Plato，428-347 B.C.)
内的灵魂产生感觉
– 情绪：感官受影响体内的灵活精气及血液被激动， 影响松果内的灵活情感/情绪； • 身体激动引起的感觉（身体的作用）； • 知觉、欲望及信念（灵魂的作用）；
• 灵活精气（animal spirits） ：血液的动荡。 • 强调情绪中身体（血液）作用； • 主动的情绪：直接由灵魂（理性）引起的，
16
其他德国近代哲学家
• 休谟（David Hume, 1711-1776） – 激情是人们做好（坏）是的主要原由 。 – 思想影响情绪； – 情绪影响思想； – 情绪更有可能是主人，而不是奴隶；
– 自豪（pride）是一种好情绪，而自卑(humility)，则是一种坏情绪。
• 康德
– 心理活动的三分法； – 没有激情是做不出什么伟大的事情的 。
• 高觉敷等编。《中国心理学史》。人民教育出版社，1985。 • 唐钺著.《西方心理学史大纲》。北京大学出版社。1994
Fall, 2008
Psychology of Emotions
19
• 代表作：《the republic》(共和国/理想国)
• 要点：
– 灵魂“三位一体”
• 理性（reason） • 意气（spirit） • 欲望（appetite ）
– 情绪是什么?
• 情欲的动力性!
Fall, 2008
Psychology of Emotions
6
小结
中国哲学对情的认识: • 情绪的动力性; • 情绪与人类本性的关系; • 情绪身体的关系;
Fall, 2008
Psychology of Emotions
7
柏拉图（Plato，428-347 B.C.)
内的灵魂产生感觉
– 情绪：感官受影响体内的灵活精气及血液被激动， 影响松果内的灵活情感/情绪； • 身体激动引起的感觉（身体的作用）； • 知觉、欲望及信念（灵魂的作用）；
• 灵活精气（animal spirits） ：血液的动荡。 • 强调情绪中身体（血液）作用； • 主动的情绪：直接由灵魂（理性）引起的，
16
其他德国近代哲学家
• 休谟（David Hume, 1711-1776） – 激情是人们做好（坏）是的主要原由 。 – 思想影响情绪； – 情绪影响思想； – 情绪更有可能是主人，而不是奴隶；
– 自豪（pride）是一种好情绪，而自卑(humility)，则是一种坏情绪。
• 康德
– 心理活动的三分法； – 没有激情是做不出什么伟大的事情的 。
• 高觉敷等编。《中国心理学史》。人民教育出版社，1985。 • 唐钺著.《西方心理学史大纲》。北京大学出版社。1994
Fall, 2008
Psychology of Emotions
19
• 代表作：《the republic》(共和国/理想国)
• 要点：
– 灵魂“三位一体”
• 理性（reason） • 意气（spirit） • 欲望（appetite ）
– 情绪是什么?
心理学专业外语PPT文档42页
心理问题的生物学研究方法已经与自希腊早期以来的其余心理学 思想融合而且并行存在，希腊医生盖伦认为人的个性和气质可能 与体液水平相关联，如人体内的血液和胆汁的不同配合。
As knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and medicine developed, important insights for human behaviour and experience were gained.
nativist:先天论者；本土主义者；本土文化保护者
这种方法有时被认为是生理学的、生理心理学的、神经生理学 的、先天论者（考虑先天遗传因素而非后天环境因素）或先天 的研究方法。
The biological approach to psychological matters has integrated with and run parallel to the rest of psychological thought since early Greek times-the Greek physician Galen suggested that personality and temperament may be linked to the levels of body fluids such as blood and bile in the body.
split:分离；使分离；劈开；离开；分解 hemisphere:半球
斯佩里研究了大脑两半球的分裂对意识和心理功能的影响。
The field will progress still further as the technology to isolate the effects of genes and scan the living brain develops.
As knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and medicine developed, important insights for human behaviour and experience were gained.
nativist:先天论者；本土主义者；本土文化保护者
这种方法有时被认为是生理学的、生理心理学的、神经生理学 的、先天论者（考虑先天遗传因素而非后天环境因素）或先天 的研究方法。
The biological approach to psychological matters has integrated with and run parallel to the rest of psychological thought since early Greek times-the Greek physician Galen suggested that personality and temperament may be linked to the levels of body fluids such as blood and bile in the body.
split:分离；使分离；劈开；离开；分解 hemisphere:半球
斯佩里研究了大脑两半球的分裂对意识和心理功能的影响。
The field will progress still further as the technology to isolate the effects of genes and scan the living brain develops.
心理学Psycholog英文版PPT记忆和情绪55页
▪ Memory
▪ persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information
Memory
You remembered what you learned in the last class, this is memory. Memory is very important for us With out memory, we can not know our parents, friends and so on. Our life will be terrible.
Encoding
▪ Effortful Processing
▪ requires attention and conscious effort
Encoding
▪ Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables
▪ TUV ZOF GEK WAV ▪ the more times practiced on Day 1,
▪ Working Memory
▪ focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information
Memory
▪ Short-Term Memory
▪ activated memory that holds a few items briefly
▪ encoding of meaning ▪ including meaning of words
▪ Acoustic Encoding
relearn
list on
day 2
15
10
▪ persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information
Memory
You remembered what you learned in the last class, this is memory. Memory is very important for us With out memory, we can not know our parents, friends and so on. Our life will be terrible.
Encoding
▪ Effortful Processing
▪ requires attention and conscious effort
Encoding
▪ Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables
▪ TUV ZOF GEK WAV ▪ the more times practiced on Day 1,
▪ Working Memory
▪ focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information
Memory
▪ Short-Term Memory
▪ activated memory that holds a few items briefly
▪ encoding of meaning ▪ including meaning of words
▪ Acoustic Encoding
relearn
list on
day 2
15
10
[课件]第七讲 心理学Psychology之记忆PPT
![[课件]第七讲 心理学Psychology之记忆PPT](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/bc68b66cfe4733687e21aa9f.png)
瞬时记忆又称感觉登记。凡接触到人的感觉器官的信息，都 得到暂时存贮。这种存贮形式叫做感觉登记。感觉登记的特 点是保持的信息量较大，但它们都处于相对地未经加工的原 始状态。如果不予注意，感觉登记的信息便很快消失，所以 其保存时间相当短，一般不超过1秒钟。
1 记忆概述
短时记忆是指信息一次呈现后，保持在1分钟以 内的记忆。 短时记忆具有意识性、操作性、按原始信息的 感觉通道编码等特点 其容量约为7±2个组块
这种记忆具有鲜明、生动、深刻和情境性等特点。
1 记忆概述
动作记忆是以个体的动作、运动及其系统为内容 的记忆。它以形成运动性熟练技巧为基础。 其特点是容易保持和恢复。 记忆从内容上分为以上几种。但这种划分只是为 了把问题讲清楚，在实际生活中，各种记忆都是 掺杂在一起的。
1 记忆概述
2．根据记忆过程的信息加工与保持时间长短: 瞬时记忆、短时记忆与长时记忆。
Hale Waihona Puke 1 记忆概述 编码，指个体在信息处理时，经由心理运作，将外在刺激 的物理性特征（如声音、形状、颜色等等），转换成另一 种抽象的形式，以便在记忆中贮存并备供以后取用的心理 表征 。
所谓心理表征，亦即经心理运作,将外在世界的 物理特征，转换为心理事件，以便处理与记忆的 历程 例如：在学习与记忆事物时，用抽象的文字或符 号代表具体事物，以便在心理上运作处理，就是 心理表征
1 记忆概述
识记可以是一次的，也可以是多次的，多次的识 记在信息加工理论中称之为复习。 保持就是把所识记的东西纳人到自己的经验体系 中，以备后用。 就信息加工理论而言，保持即为储存。
1 记忆概述
识记和保持的功能最后要体现在再作用上，这相 当于信息加工理论中的检索和提取，最明显的表 现形式有回忆与再认，是经验恢复的过程
1 记忆概述
短时记忆是指信息一次呈现后，保持在1分钟以 内的记忆。 短时记忆具有意识性、操作性、按原始信息的 感觉通道编码等特点 其容量约为7±2个组块
这种记忆具有鲜明、生动、深刻和情境性等特点。
1 记忆概述
动作记忆是以个体的动作、运动及其系统为内容 的记忆。它以形成运动性熟练技巧为基础。 其特点是容易保持和恢复。 记忆从内容上分为以上几种。但这种划分只是为 了把问题讲清楚，在实际生活中，各种记忆都是 掺杂在一起的。
1 记忆概述
2．根据记忆过程的信息加工与保持时间长短: 瞬时记忆、短时记忆与长时记忆。
Hale Waihona Puke 1 记忆概述 编码，指个体在信息处理时，经由心理运作，将外在刺激 的物理性特征（如声音、形状、颜色等等），转换成另一 种抽象的形式，以便在记忆中贮存并备供以后取用的心理 表征 。
所谓心理表征，亦即经心理运作,将外在世界的 物理特征，转换为心理事件，以便处理与记忆的 历程 例如：在学习与记忆事物时，用抽象的文字或符 号代表具体事物，以便在心理上运作处理，就是 心理表征
1 记忆概述
识记可以是一次的，也可以是多次的，多次的识 记在信息加工理论中称之为复习。 保持就是把所识记的东西纳人到自己的经验体系 中，以备后用。 就信息加工理论而言，保持即为储存。
1 记忆概述
识记和保持的功能最后要体现在再作用上，这相 当于信息加工理论中的检索和提取，最明显的表 现形式有回忆与再认，是经验恢复的过程
心理学专业英语PPT-Chapter 7 Emotion and Motivation
• Grice highlighted this by an appeal to his framework of the Cooperative Principle and its Conversational Maxims, which are plausibly assumed by conversational participants and provide mechanisms for the ways in which speakers can “conversationally implicate” something beyond the literal meaning of what they say, and for how hearers can recover those “implicatures.’” Grice’s enduring influence on these topics helped found the burgeoning discipline in philosophy of language and linguistics now known as “pragmatics” .
• Grice’s maxims of conversation are a set of observations that describe how people communicate when they want to be properly understood by others; you can use these maxims as guiding principles to make your communication as effective as possible.
• Herbert Paul Grice (b. 1913–d. 1988) was a British philosopher and linguist, and one of the pivotal figures in philosophy during the 20th century. He wrote in many areas of philosophy, including the metaphysics of personal identity, logical paradoxes, the analytic/synthetic distinction, the philosophy of perception, philosophical psychology, and ethics.
• Grice’s maxims of conversation are a set of observations that describe how people communicate when they want to be properly understood by others; you can use these maxims as guiding principles to make your communication as effective as possible.
• Herbert Paul Grice (b. 1913–d. 1988) was a British philosopher and linguist, and one of the pivotal figures in philosophy during the 20th century. He wrote in many areas of philosophy, including the metaphysics of personal identity, logical paradoxes, the analytic/synthetic distinction, the philosophy of perception, philosophical psychology, and ethics.
心理学效应英文完美版PPT
The type of conformity
●True conformity ●Expedient conformity ●Non conformity
●A person as timid as a mouse
●Two fierce as a bull
●Three audacious in the extreme
心理学效应英文
• Conformity Effect • Rosenthal Effect
Conformity Effect
Conformity effect refers to the individual in a real or imagined group pressure, in cognitive or action by the majority or the behavior of authority figures as the criterion, then work with the convergence behavior of the phenomenon.
Stifle creativity and enthusiasm
Seek recognition and support
Buried outstanding works
For each new things, a person does, that is called" fool"; two or three people, known as the" herd"; a dozen individuals and hundreds of people to do, may be called " popular".
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Encoding
Retrieving
Encoding: Getting Information In
Effortful
Encoding Automatic
Encoding
▪ Automatic Processing ▪ unconscious encoding of incidental information ▪ space ▪ time
the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2
▪ Spacing Effect
▪ distributed practice yields better longterm retention than massed practice
Encoding
Time in
minutes 20 taken to
Alzheimer's disease
Memory
▪ Memory as Information Processing ▪ similar to a computer ▪ write to file (encoding) ▪ save to disk (storage) ▪ read from disk (retrieval)
Encoding
Encoding
▪ Imagery
▪ mental pictures ▪ a powerful aid to effortful processing,
especially when combined with semantic encoding
▪ Working Memory
▪ focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information
Memory
▪ Short-Term Memory
▪ activated memory that holds a few items briefly
▪ look up a phone number, then quickly dial before the information is forgotten
▪ Long-Term Memory
▪ the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
relearn
list on
day 2
15
10
5
08
16
24
32
42
53
64
Number of repetitions of list on day 1
Encoding: Serial Position Effect
Percent 90 age of 80 words recalled 70
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Chapter 3 MENTAL PROCESS
Liping Jia
Two questions
What did you learn in the class before this class? If you win 5 million lottery, how do you feel?
Memory
▪ Memory
▪ persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information
Memory
You remembered what you learned in the last class, this is memory. Memory is very important for us With out memory, we can not know our parents, friends and so on. Our life will be terrible.
A Simplified Memory Model
Sensory input
Attention to important or novel information
External events
Sensory memory
Encoding
Short-term
Long-term
memory
memory
Memory
▪ Encoding ▪ the processing of information into the memory system ▪ i.e., extracting meaning
Memory
▪ Storage
▪ the retention of encoded information over time
▪ encoding of meaning ▪ including meaning of words
▪ Acoustic Encoding
▪ encoding of sound ▪ especially sound of words
▪ Visual Encoding
▪ encoding ▪ Effortful Processing
▪ requires attention and conscious effort
Encoding
▪ Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables
▪ TUV ZOF GEK WAV ▪ the more times practiced on Day 1,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Position of word in list
Serial Position Effect--tendency to recall best the last items in a list
What Do We Encode?
▪ Semantic Encoding
▪ Retrieval
▪ process of getting information out of memory
Memory
▪ Sensory Memory
▪ the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system