4British and American Police Officers
高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：警察话题
高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________外刊精选｜何以至此？一批美国城市真要解散警察局【背景介绍】美国针对警察暴力执法与种族主义的抗议活动已经持续两周之久，要求改革警察制度的民间呼声日益高涨，当中不乏一些激进的声音要求削减警局经费，甚至取消警察局。
美国的警察制度究竟存在着怎样的问题？它真的应该被取消吗？After Protests, Politicians Reconsider Police Budgets and DisciplineBy Dionne Searcey, John Eligon and Farah StockmanIn an abrupt change of course, the mayor of New York vowed to cut the budget of the nation’s largest police force. In Los Angeles, the mayor called for redirecting millions of dollars from policing after protesters gathered outside his home. And in Minneapolis, City Council members pledged to dismantle their police force and completely reinvent how public safety is handled.As tens of thousands of people have demonstrated against police violence over the past two weeks, calls have emerged in cities across the country for fundamental changes to American policing.The pleas for change have taken a variety of forms. Parks, universities and schools have distanced themselves from local police departments, severing contracts. In some places, the calls for change have gone still further, aiming to abolish police departments, shift police funds into social services or defund police departments partly or entirely.Around the country, city and state leaders were weighing overhauls of their policing policies, aware of the delicate balance of voters’ concerns about crime versus their repulsion at police brutality.Other lawmakers and leaders say defunding police departments could have unintended consequences. Some people worry about safety if fewer armed officers are on patrol, especially in summer months when crime rates tend to spike.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
American executive and British executive
Now, let's look at a comparison
The powers of distribution（权利分布）
American President is both the head of state and government.The preside nt has very great power. The EOP has responsibility for tasks ranging from communicating the president’s message to the American people to promoting our trade interests abroad British Prime Minister the Cabinet master real power. Further, the Prime Minister is the leader of the Cabinet
The President
executive branch(行政部门）
President is the chief executive of the nation
Vice president
White house executive office of the president
The cabinet (内阁） an advisory body made up of the heads of the 15 executive department
Other prime minister those people are who cooperate with the Prime Minister to pe rform the significant decision making power. Also they always take apart in the cabinet cou ncil to discuss matters regula rly. So in a way, cabinet memb ers do play an important role to cooperate with the Prime Mi nister.
听写50篇
CONTENTSPassage 1 Town and Country life in England Passage 2 A Change in Women's LifePassage 3 A Popular Pastime of the English People Passage 4 British and American Police Officers Passage 5 living SpacePassage 6 The United NationsPassage 7 PlasticPassage 8 Display of GoodsPassage 9 Albert EinsteinPassage 10 Private CarsPassage 11 A Henpecked Husband and His Wife Passage 12 A Young Man's PromisePassage 13 A Kind NeighborPassage 14 That Isn't Our FaultPassage 15 A Guide's AnswerPassage 16 A Qualified PilotPassage 17 Living Tilings ReactPassage 18 Flowering PlantsPassage 19 Finding the Direction and Location Passage 20 WavesPassage 21 SoilsPassage22 CrisisPassage 23 America's Worst SurprisePassage 24 Great Depression in the U.S.Passage 25 A Place of Our OwnPassage 26 Travel for WorkPassage 27 IntelligencePassage 28 A Free Dress Every WeekPassage 29 TimePassage 30 CartoonistsPassage 31 Water PollutionPassage 32 Making a ComplaintPassage 33 Where Do the British LivePassage 34 Will Computers Replace Human Beings Passage 35 SoccerPassage 36 ArtistsPassage 37 Professional Sports in the U.S.Passage38 "How to" BooksPassage 39 Don't Give UpPassage 40 How High Can You JumpPassage 41 Apology HelpsPassage 42 SleepPassage 43 Our ConcernPassage 44 Gardening in AmericaPassage 45 The Influence of LifePassage 46 AutomobilesPassage 47 House and HomePassage 48 Population GrowthPassage49 Natural ResourcesPassage50 ReadingPassage 1Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own .They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. (154 words)Useful Words and Expressions:next door n. n．隔壁the neighbors next他 door隔壁邻居lonely adj ．孤独的，寂寞的，偏僻的，人迹罕至的lonely life孤单的生活a lonely old man一位孤独的老人a lonely sand一个孤岛the loneliest night最孤独的夜晚on (one's) own独自；独立地；通过自己的努力She lives on her own．她一个人过。
警务英语试题及答案
警务英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the correct way to say "Police Station" in English?A. Police OfficeB. Police StationC. Police HouseD. Police Center答案：B2. What does the abbreviation "CID" stand for?A. Criminal Investigation DepartmentB. Central Intelligence DepartmentC. Community Interaction DepartmentD. City Information Department答案：A3. If a police officer asks you to "stop in the name of the law," what should you do?A. Run awayB. Stop and complyC. Ask for a lawyerD. Ignore the command答案：B4. What is the term for a police officer who is on duty and patrolling the streets?A. Desk officerB. Patrol officerC. DetectiveD. Traffic officer答案：B5. Which of the following is not a type of police equipment?A. BatonB. HandcuffsC. GunD. Laptop答案：D6. If you witness a crime, what should you do?A. Call 911B. Confront the criminalC. Take a videoD. Do nothing答案：A7. What does "APB" mean in police terminology?A. All Points BulletinB. All Police BulletinC. Area Patrol BulletinD. Arrest Pending Bulletin答案：A8. What is the term for a police officer who specializes in solving crimes?A. DetectiveB. ConstableC. SergeantD. Patrolman答案：A9. Which of the following is the correct way to say "Traffic violation" in English?A. Traffic ViolationB. Traffic OffenseC. Traffic CrimeD. Traffic Misconduct答案：A10. What does "OIS" stand for in police reports?A. Officer Involved ShootingB. Officer Injured SituationC. Officer In ServiceD. Officer Is Safe答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. When a police officer asks for your identification, you should show your _______.答案：ID card2. The police use _______ to communicate with each other during an operation.答案：radios3. A _______ is a place where suspects are held before trial. 答案：jail4. The police use _______ to collect evidence at a crimescene.答案：fingerprints5. If you are stopped by the police, you should _______ your hands where they can see them.答案：keep6. A _______ is a type of police vehicle used for high-speed pursuits.答案：patrol car7. The _______ is responsible for maintaining law and order in a community.答案：police8. A _______ is a person who has been arrested and is awaiting trial.答案：suspect9. The _______ is the highest-ranking officer in a police department.答案：chief10. A _______ is a legal document that allows the police to search a person or place.答案：warrant三、阅读理解题（每题3分，共15分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
高二英语政治制度单选题60题
高二英语政治制度单选题60题1. The United Kingdom is a country where the head of state is a _____.A. presidentB. prime ministerC. king or queenD. governor答案：C。
英国是君主立宪制国家，国家元首是国王或女王。
选项 A 总统通常是共和制国家的元首；选项B 首相是政府首脑；选项D 州长一般是美国州一级的行政长官。
2. In the UK, the power of making laws belongs to _____.A. the QueenB. the ParliamentC. the Prime MinisterD. the local governments答案：B。
在英国，立法权属于议会。
选项 A 女王更多是象征意义；选项C 首相主要负责行政事务；选项D 地方政府没有立法权。
3. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the British political system?A. Bicameral legislatureB. Presidential systemC. Constitutional monarchyD. Unwritten constitution答案：B。
英国政治制度不是总统制。
选项 A 两院制立法机构是英国的特点；选项 C 君主立宪制是英国的政治体制；选项 D 不成文宪法也是英国的特点之一。
4. The British Prime Minister is appointed by _____.A. the QueenB. the ParliamentC. the publicD. the opposition party答案：A。
英国首相由女王任命。
虽然首相的任命需要基于议会多数党的支持，但形式上是由女王任命。
高考英语 考前突破阅读理解能力 社会生活 波士顿爆炸案使美国安保级别提升素材
波士顿爆炸案使美国安保级别提升波士顿马拉松爆炸案发生之后，美国国内从世贸中心、时报广场，到白宫及各类体育场馆均提高了安保级别，警方增派了重点场所的巡逻警力，并派出反恐小分队参与安保工作。
From the World Trade Center and Times Square in New York to the White House and sports venues across the country, police patrolled i n packs and deployed counterterrorism teams Monday as security was stepped up after explosions at the Boston Marathon.Worries also reverberated（使回响，使反射） across the Atlantic, where an already robust security operation was being beefed up for Wednesday's ceremonial funeral for former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The event at St. Paul's Cathedral, to be attended by Queen Elizabeth II and other dignitaries, calls for a procession through the streets of London, with Thatcher's flag-draped coffin carried on a horse-drawn carriage.British police were also reviewing security plans for Sunday's London Marathon —the next major international race —because of the bombs that killed three people and injured more than 140 in Boston.Across the U.S., security was tightened at landmarks, government buildings, transit hubs and sporting events. Law enforcement agencies also urged the public via Twitter and Facebook to report suspicious activity to the police.In New York, authorities deployed so-called critical response teams—highly visible patrol units that move in packs with lights and sirens, —along with more than 1,000 counterterrorism officers. Highly trafficked areas like the Empire State building, Rockefeller Center, St. Patrick's Cathedral, the United Nations and the Wo rld Trade Center site were being especially monitored.Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the p olice department was fully prepared to protect the city."Some of the security steps we are taking may be noticeable," Bloomberg said. "And others will not be."In Washington, Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano urged the American public "to be vigilant and to listen to directions from state and local officials.""At the president's direction, the Department of Homeland Security is providing any support necessary in this ongoing investigation," Napol itano said.At the White House, the Secret Service expanded its security perimeter after the attacks, shutting down Pennsylvania Avenue and cordoning off the area with yellowpolice tape. Several Secret Service patrol cars blocked off entry points, although the White House was not on lockdown and tourists and other onlookers were still allowed in the park across the street.Speaking late Wednesday from the White House, President Barack Obama declared that those responsible would "feel the full weight of justice," though he urged a nervous nation not to jump to conclusions and pointedly avoided using the words "terror" o r "terrorism."However, top lawmakers declared the deadly incident an act of terrorism, and a White House official said it was being treated that way.Police in Los Angeles, Washington, San Diego, Las Vegas, Detroit, Atlanta and other major cities were monitoring events closely and assessing increases in security measures.In California, emergency management officials activated their statewide threat assessment system, which was established after the S ept. 11 attacks. And officials in multiple cities and counties throughout the state were reviewing information from federal authorities for possible threats.In Seattle, police increased patrols in neighborhoods and around government buildings and other facilities. In Colorado a statewide alert was sent out advising law enforcement agencies to look out for suspicious activities.In New Jersey, au thorities raised security statewide, calling in off-duty state police officers and deploying bomb units, aviation crews, tactical teams and search and rescue assets as a precaution.Transit and port o fficials in New York and New Jersey were on heightened alert at bridges, tunnels and on rail lines between the two states, as well as on New York City's subway system and commuter rails.And at the Port of Los Angeles and Long Beach, as well as at three m ajor Los Angeles airports, including Los Angeles International, law enforcement officials were in a "heightened state of vigilance（警戒）," with increased patrols, authorities said.。
British Culture- Police 英国文化之 警察
UK Police Reputation 声誉, 好名声
The UK Police have a world renowned reputation as one of the best. Many people within the UK are proud to boast that the British Police are the best. They are firm but fair.
Police & Crime
When do you think the first Police force started? 1682: Edinburgh Town Guard formed to police the city and enforce an initiated curfew (宵禁); it was disbanded in 1817. However it wasn’t until 1829 when the Government founded the Metropolitan Police. This was the first official Police Force in the world.
UK Police & other weapons
Taser Guns/stun gun – is an electricity gun which stuns anyone who is hit with it without seriously injuring them. CS Spray or Pepper Spray – is a liquid spray designed to be sprayed into the face. When it comes into contact with the eyes and nose will temporary incapacitate the person with pain and unable to see clearly for 30minutes to 2 hours. Every police officer who carries CS Spray must have experienced CS Spray on themselves, therefore appreciating the circumstances in which to use it.
警务英语试题及答案大全
警务英语试题及答案大全一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does "patrol" mean in the context of police work?A. To investigate a crimeB. To arrest a suspectC. To regularly check an area for securityD. To issue a traffic ticket2. Which of the following is NOT a type of police equipment?A. HandcuffsB. BatonC. RadioD. Fire extinguisher3. What is the term used for a person who has been detained by the police?A. SuspectB. WitnessC. VictimD. Informant4. In police terminology, what does "ten-four" mean?A. I understandB. I need assistanceC. I am on breakD. I am in pursuit5. What is the meaning of "fingerprinting" in a policeinvestigation?A. Identifying a suspect by their fingerprintsB. Taking a suspect's fingerprints for recordC. Comparing fingerprints from a crime sceneD. All of the above6. Which of the following is a primary duty of a police officer?A. To serve and protectB. To prosecute criminalsC. To adjudicate legal disputesD. To legislate laws7. What does the acronym "SWAT" stand for?A. Special Weapons and TacticsB. Special Weapons and TechnologyC. Special Weapons and TrainingD. Special Warfare and Tactics8. What is the term used for a police officer who is on duty?A. Off dutyB. On patrolB. On standbyD. On duty9. In a police report, what does "O/S" stand for?A. Officer on SceneB. Officer's StatementC. Over SpeedingD. Out of Service10. What does "perp" commonly mean in police slang?A. PerpetratorB. PerimeterC. PermissionD. Personal二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The police officer's badge is a symbol of their _________.12. When a police officer is called to a crime scene, theyare said to be _________.13. A police _________ is a vehicle used for patrolling the streets.14. The term "blue lights" refers to the _________ used by police vehicles during emergencies.15. The phrase "code blue" is used to indicate a _________.16. A police officer who specializes in traffic enforcementis known as a _________.17. The _________ is the central place where police officers receive and respond to emergency calls.18. A police officer's weapon is often referred to as their_________.19. The act of a police officer stopping a vehicle for atraffic violation is called a _________.20. The term "probable cause" is used in the context of_________.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the role of a detective in a police department.22. What are the general steps involved in a police interrogation process?23. Describe the purpose of a police lineup.24. What is the significance of a police officer's uniform?四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）25. Discuss the importance of community policing and its impact on public safety.26. Analyze the ethical considerations a police officer must take into account when using force in the line of duty.五、案例分析题（每题10分，共10分）27. A police officer observes a vehicle running a red light and decides to initiate a traffic stop. Describe the proper procedure the officer should follow to ensure safety and compliance with the law.答案：一、选择题1. C2. D3. A4. A5. D6. A7. A8. D9. A 10. A二、填空题11. authority 12. dispatched 13. cruiser 14. emergency lights 15. medical emergency 16. traffic officer 17. dispatch center 18. sidearm 19. traffic stop 20. search warrants三、简答题21. 侦探在警察部门中扮演的角色是调查犯罪，搜集证据，以及协助解决案件。
The similarities and differences between American and British government
朱献玲20092111039 英语（1）班The similarities and differences between American and British government The United Kingdom is a parliamentary system, is the prime minister heads the cabinet, the cabinet of the council. The politics of a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is the head of state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is the head of government. As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The Prime Minister is the head of the executive branch.The legislative, also call the parliament is the law-making body of the United Kingdom. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two-chambers of Parliament. Parliament comprises the Monarch, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, as well as the Scottish Parliament and the Assemblies in W ales and Northern Ireland.The executive, also call the Government, in common usage, people tend to identify the term with just the executive branch. After each general election, the monarch would ask the leader of the winning party, the Prime Minister, to form a new Cabinet. The Prime Minister as Head of Cabinet and Government as a whole is ultimately responsible for the policies and decisions of the government. In addition, the Privy Council is largely a ceremonial body whose duty is to give advice to the monarch.The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. It is rather complicated in that England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all have their own legal systems.The organization of local government in the United Kingdom varies from region to region. A process known as devolution that the local governments can form their own authorities is a kind policy.Three branches of British government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other.S trict separation of powers did not operate in Britain, a country whose political structure served in most instances as a model for the government created by the US Constitution.Unlike the United Kingdom, the United States is a republic. The States is the presidential system and the Cabinet is the President of the Summit. The United States government is a constitutional democracy organized according to the principles of federalism, the separation of powers and the rule of law.Separation of powers is a political doctrine under which the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government are kept distinct, to prevent abuse of power. The federal government and state governments have clearly demarcated powers.The legislative branch: The United States Constitution invested the legislative power in the Congress. Congress can make any laws that are deemed “necessary and proper”The U.S. Congress is composed of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.The executive branch: E xecutive power is vested in the President whose duty is to “preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States”and to faithfully execute laws passed by Congress. The Constitution delegated broad powers to the President who is assisted by a Cabinet in the execution of his duty. The White House is also the important part of the executive branch.The judicial branch is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judicial power is to decide cases and controversies. The U.S. Supreme Court can influence national policy through judicial review.Within the sphere of its jurisdiction, the power of the state government is supreme. Local governments are created by state government; they vary greatly in power, size and organization.Separation of powers is not absolute; it is instead qualified by the doctrine of checks and balances which is designed to allow each branch to restrain abuse by each other branch.。
2017上半年高中英语教师资格证面试真题及答案(精选)第三批《BritishandAmericanEnglish》学习课件.doc
【全民竞赛网】1、全国停止天然林采伐是在哪一年？（）A、1978年B、1988年C、1998年（参考答案：C）【全民竞赛网】2、灾害发生后，自救互救是主要的救灾方式。
（）A、正确B、错误（参考答案：A）【全民竞赛网】3、消防车、消防艇前往执行火灾扑救任务或者应急救援任务时，同样受行驶速度、行驶路线、行驶方向和指挥信号的限制（）A、正确B、错误（参考答案：B）【全民竞赛网】4、用电时要注意防火安全。
下面哪些说法是正确的（）A、不乱接乱拉电线，不超负荷用电B、及时更换老化电器设施和线路C、外出时要关闭电源开关D、尽量减少电灯的开关次数（参考答案：ABC）【全民竞赛网】5、公安消防机构进行消防审核、验收等监督检查时（）。
A、收取劳务费B、适当收取手续费C、不得收取费用（参考答案：C）【全民竞赛网】6、雷暴产生的肥料是：（）A、有机肥B、氨肥C、氮肥（参考答案：C）【全民竞赛网】7、特大暴雨的标准是日降雨量达到：（）A、50毫米以上B、100毫米以上C、250毫米以上（参考答案：C）【全民竞赛网】8、下列哪种措施有助于减少赤潮的发生？（）A、控制河流入海的水量B、减少工业废弃物与城市污水的入海排放量C、限制沿海养殖业（参考答案：B）【全民竞赛网】9、“计算机要从娃娃抓起”，“足球要从娃娃抓起”，防灾减灾科普宣传也要从娃娃抓起。
（）A、正确B、错误（参考答案：A）【全民竞赛网】10、关于热对流与通风口的关系，下列说法正确的是（）。
A、通风口的面积愈大、高度愈低，热对流速度愈快；B、通风口的面积愈大、高度愈高，热对流速度愈快；C、通风口的面积愈小、高度愈高，热对流速度愈快；D、通风口的面积愈小、高度愈低，热对流速度愈快；（参考答案：B）【全民竞赛网】11、在易燃易爆场所作业的人员不能穿戴（）。
A、尼龙工作服B、棉布工作服C、防静电服D、耐高温鞋（参考答案：A）【全民竞赛网】12、消防安全工作的考评和奖惩是当地公安消防机构的工作。
香港警察英语试题及答案
香港警察英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does "police" mean in English?A. 警察B. 消防C. 军队D. 医生答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a type of police vehicle?A. Police carB. MotorcycleC. HelicopterD. Bicycle答案：D3. What is the English term for "交通警察"?A. Traffic policeB. Traffic lightC. Traffic jamD. Traffic rule答案：A4. Who is responsible for maintaining public order?A. DoctorsB. TeachersC. Police officersD. Lawyers答案：C5. What is the abbreviation for "Central Police Station"?A. CPSB. CPSUC. CPSDD. CPSC答案：A6. What does "patrol" mean?A. 巡逻B. 逮捕C. 审讯D. 报告答案：A7. What is the English term for "便衣警察"?A. Plainclothes policeB. Uniformed policeC. Undercover policeD. Both A and C答案：D8. Which of the following is a police rank?A. SergeantB. CaptainC. MajorD. General答案：A9. What is the English term for "刑事警察"?A. Criminal policeB. Civil policeC. Community policeD. Customs police答案：A10. What does "SWAT" stand for?A. Special Weapons and TacticsB. Special Water and TreatmentC. Special Work and TravelD. Special Writing and Teaching答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The Hong Kong Police Force is the main law enforcement agency in _______.答案：Hong Kong12. The motto of the Hong Kong Police is "To Serve with_______ and Professionalism."答案：Pride13. The Hong Kong Police Force is divided into three main areas: Operations, Administration, and _______.答案：Crime and Security14. The _______ is responsible for the overall management of the Hong Kong Police Force.答案：Commissioner of Police15. The Hong Kong Police Force uses _______ as their officiallanguage.答案：English三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. What are the main duties of the Hong Kong Police Force?答案：The main duties of the Hong Kong Police Force include maintaining law and order, preventing and detecting crime, protecting life and property, and ensuring the safety and security of the community.17. What is the role of the Police Tactical Unit (PTU) in the Hong Kong Police Force?答案：The role of the Police Tactical Unit (PTU) is to provide a rapid response to emergencies, conduct high-risk operations, and support other police units in maintaining public order and safety.18. How does the Hong Kong Police Force ensure community engagement and cooperation?答案：The Hong Kong Police Force ensures community engagement and cooperation through various initiatives such as community policing programs, public education campaigns, and partnerships with community organizations.19. What are the criteria for becoming a police officer in the Hong Kong Police Force?答案：The criteria for becoming a police officer in the Hong Kong Police Force include being a citizen of Hong Kong, meeting the age requirement, possessing the necessary educational qualifications, and passing physical and psychological assessments.四、阅读理解（每题3分，共10分）20. Read the following passage and answer the questions.The Hong Kong Police Force is committed to upholding the rule of law and maintaining a safe and orderly society. With a strong focus on community policing, the force works closely with the public to prevent crime and ensure the well-being of the community.What is the main objective of the Hong Kong Police Force?答案：The main objective of the Hong Kong Police Force is to uphold the rule of law and maintain a safe and orderly society.21. How does the Hong Kong Police Force approach community engagement?答案：The Hong Kong Police Force approaches community engagement with a strong focus on community policing, working closely with the public to prevent crime and ensure the well-being of the community.22. What is the significance of the rule of law in the context of the Hong Kong Police Force?答案：The significance of the rule of law in the context of the Hong Kong Police Force is that it forms the basis for their commitment to。
英语专业四级听写训练4：BritishandAmericanPoliceOfficers
听⼒原⽂：British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of fomp3s about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的。
联邦警察、州警察和地方警察根本分不清？美国警察第一弹
联邦警察、州警察和地方警察根本分不清？美国警察第一弹因为美国警察部门复杂且相对独立，美国警察单联邦警察就超过80种，各个州都有自己的州警察，各个地方政府也有独立的警察体系。
各系统警察系统都是互不隶属，相互独立的，所以相对也较为复杂。
（因为需要追捕逃犯法警署（U. S. Marshals Service）装备也相当精良，其背标有身份标识）美国的警察根据所属关系可分为联邦警察、州警察和地方警察，其中联邦警察主要属于两大部门：司法部和国土安全部。
这两个部门下属了许多重要的警察部门比如司法部下属联邦调查局（FBI）、法警署（U. S. Marshals Service）等。
国土安全部下属海岸警卫队（USCG）、特勤局（U.S. Secret Service）等。
（保护总统安全的特勤局（U.S. Secret Service））而地方上的州警察和地方警察也有许多类型。
但美国的行政分级同中国不同，中国一般是省、市、县，而美国是联邦、州（State）、县（也称郡County）、市（City）。
而市虽然在地理上位于县的境内，但是它与县政府没有法律上的相属关系，市实际上直属于州的领导。
（在西部片中经常会出现sheriff）最常见的sheriff（县治安官，或称警长）和police（警察局警察）就是分属于县和市的。
一个很大的区别就是县政府设警长，他手下的部门称为警局（Sheriff’s Department）或警长办公室（Sheriff’s Office），而市政府下设警察局，警察局的头儿一般称“局长”。
有些大学或港口等特殊机构也可以单独设警察局。
（在警察局工作的警察称为Police Officer或Officer，而在县警局工作的警察需称为Sheriff's Deputy或Deputy,不能称Officer）SHERIFF并非联邦政府和州政府的雇员，而是县的直接的雇员，一般由县选举出来，经费也由当地支付。
为什么美国大片里管警察叫cop，而不是police？
为什么美国大片里管警察叫cop，而不是police？喜欢看好莱坞大片的同事丸子，今天问了我这样的问题：“为什么美国大片里管警察叫'cop'，而不是'police'？”'cop'怎么翻译，“条子”吗？的确，我们很多人最开始认识“警察”这个英语单词就是'police'，那为什么口语中常用'cop'呢？cop'cop'这个说法，在美剧中确实有时候会被翻译成“条子”。
不过这种说法有点不尊重的意味，常常都是犯罪分子对警察的称呼，略带调侃的意味，更多时候还是翻译成“警察”。
至于为什么会有'cop'这个表达，主要有两种说法。
有一种说法是说，cop来源于18世纪初期古英语中的cap或古法语中的caper，这两个词均表示“arrest、seize”（抓，捕）等意思，而由此衍生出的名词copper，则表示one who arrests/seizes，（实施抓捕的人），也就是如今我们熟知的“警察”。
Copper这个词起初是英国的街头小混混、小流氓们对警察或执法人员的称呼，其实是有一些不尊重的意味的。
还有一种说法是因为以前警察都穿有铜扣 (copper) 的大衣，所以被戏称为 copper，后来简化成了 cop。
不过现在很多警察也互相调侃，称对方为'cop'，所以这个词变得越来越中性。
例句：If you were at a party and somebody was getting high, you didn't go running to a cop.如果参加聚会的时候有人喝醉了，可别向警察求助。
Cheney is everyone's image of a typical cop: a big white guy , six foot, 220 pounds切尼是每个人心目中典型的警察形象：大块头白人，6英尺高，220磅重。
英美警察文化及其研究_薛向君
第25卷第5期 江苏警官学院学报 Vol.25 No.5 2010年9月 JOURNAL OF JIANGSU POLICE OFFICER COLLEGE Sept.2010·警事学研究·英美警察文化及其研究薛向君摘 要：英美警察学者多年来采用参与者的直接观察、问卷调查、访谈、对数据和卷宗进行分析等社会科学研究方法，围绕警察职业特点，对警察在工作过程中形成的一些普遍的心理和行为方式、以及这些心理和行为方式所产生的原因加以分析，试图找出更为科学的警察培训及管理方法，其研究成果深化了人们对警察职业和警察文化的认识和了解，丰富了警察科学的内容，影响极为深远。
关键词：警察文化 英美警察文化 警察科学中图分类号：D035.31 文献标志码：B 文章编号：1672-1020(2010)05-0142-07作为法律的执行者、社会秩序的维护者和社会服务的提供者，警察这个特殊职业有着与生俱来的实践性和操作性，并在实践过程中逐渐形成了独具特色的警察职业文化。
这种文化以警察的自由裁量权为基础，以巡警文化①为核心，是基层警察在工作实践中后天习得并相互影响的产物，在警察执法过程中发挥了极大的作用和影响。
研究警察文化，其重要性不言而喻。
英美学术界对警察文化的研究始于20世纪50年代。
关于警察文化的研究，英美之间有着继承与融合的传统。
1950年，美国人威廉·韦斯特利首次提出“警察亚文化”概念，认为在“警察中存在着一个强调保密和暴力价值的亚文化群”，他试图用职业社会学的观点来“分析和鉴别制约警察行为的社会准则，并说明这些准则在特定情况下对警察行动的影响”②。
韦斯特利的观点对英国学者麦克·班顿产生了一定的影响，后者开创性的社会学著作《社区中的警察》③在很多方面成为英国警察研究传统的重要出发点，是当时及后来许多警察研究论著中研究方法与观点的起源。
班顿的研究建立在对英美警察工作进行比较的基础上，重在“阐明大多数时间普通警察在做什么和怎样做”，以便“更为系课题项目：江苏警官学院科研处课题“英美警察文化研究”收稿日期：2010-07-16作者简介：薛向君（1971-），女，安徽宿州人，汉族，江苏警官学院公安管理系讲师，主要研究警察管理，南京，210012。
高英课文thetrialthatrocktheworld背景及美国司法体制介绍
高英课文thetrialthatrocktheworld背景及美国司法体制介绍Good morning, ladies and gentimen .Thank you very much for your participation in this presentation .T oday’s presentation mainly deal with our text book ,lessonten__The trial that rocked the world .First, let us have a look at the author John Scopes.This article is written by John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970).John Scopes (1900~1970) came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton. In that year of 1925, he violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. 约翰斯各普斯(1900-1970)1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田纳西州代顿镇中学的生物老师和橄榄球队教练。
1925年他由于教授达尔文的进化论而受到指控The trial began on July 10, 1925 and ended with Scopes guilty and $100 fine 。
NYPD纽约市警察局（NewYorkPoliceDepartment）
NYPD纽约市警察局（NewYorkPoliceDepartment）NYPD标志纽约市警察局（NYPD，NewYork Police Department）是美国最大，同时也是世界上效率最高，设备最先进的警察局。
纽约市警察局成立于1845年，是目前美国最大的警察局，负责纽约市五个区的警力部署及案件调查。
它也是美国历史最悠久的警察局。
纽约警局的格言是“至死忠诚”(拉丁文原文：Fidelis ad Mortem；英文：Faithful till Death)。
1624年建立的纽约市是美国最大城市及第一大港，也是世界第一大城市。
一个多世纪以来，纽约市一直是世界上最重要的商业和金融中心。
纽约市是一座全球化的大都市，也是世界级城市，其重要地位不言而喻。
同时，纽约市是拥有全球最多移民与人种的城市，拥有超过180多个国家和地区的大量移民。
因此，其治安状况显得尤为重要。
现任局长为雷蒙德·W·凯利（Raymond W. Kelly），警长为约瑟夫·埃斯波西托（Joseph Esposito）。
其总部位于警察局广场（One Police Plaza）的纽约市警察局现有正式警官36,227人（2009年），协警人员4,500人（2008年），学校保安人员5,000人（2008年）,另有警车8,839辆，警用船只11艘，警用直升飞机8架，警马120匹。
纽约市警察局下辖多个特殊职能部门，包括战术行动小队、警犬培训（K-9）、港口巡逻、空中支援、拆弹小组、反恐、罪犯情报、打黑、缉毒、公共交通以及房屋管理。
纽约市警察局拥有丰富的犯罪现场调查及实验室分析资源，另外还有专门协助打击电脑犯罪的小组。
其总部设在警察局广场（One Police Plaza），这里拥有打击犯罪的计算机网络，实际上就是用来协助警探完成调查的巨大的搜索引擎和数据库。
根据警察局方面的说法，其任务是要“执法、维和、减少恐慌，并提供一个安全的环境”（enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear, and provide for a safe environment）。
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1. think much of 重视，尊重
2. in court 在法庭上
3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者
4. guilty 犯罪的，me is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.
Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them.
The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.
British and American Police Officers
Real policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.