Robert_Hasson_Accenture_Mobility

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NPS_客户驱动企业未来_下_贝恩全球资深合伙人访谈记录

还有一点我非常想强调，那就是应该把NPS净推荐值和净推荐体系分开来看，这是完全不同的两个东西。对于获得一个NPS来说，它旨在帮助你了解自己在整个市场环境中所处的地位，与竞争对手的差距在什么地方，你的客户群差异性的优势，你的转型优势在哪里。这个NPS值和传统市场调查做法获得的结果类似。但是，净推荐体系是
因此，通过对NPS的分析，我们建议企业有这样的变化：对加盟商和最终消费者，要把经营理念从单纯销售重新回到以客户为中心的发展上来。
罗伯·马奇：我想补充几句， GE在应用NPS的时候做得非常成功，这个概念最早由两家公司实施，但GE的成功被大家所知道后，很快有上千个公司使用 NPS。这么多公司运用这个工具之后开始出现各种问题，有的公司跑来找我们问为什么。这就说明只有真正碰到问题，碰到失败的时候，才知道你对NPS了解的还很不够。
主持人：NPS在实施过程中有哪些经验可以分享给中国企业，让大家在以后学习和运用的过程中少走一些弯路。
罗伯·马奇：第一个最常见的问题就是公司管理层“过早”把 NPS实施与员工的薪酬挂钩。我说的“过早”，是因为NPS是一个新的工具、是一个过程，它的指标要稳定下来。如果早期指标测量有很多不利的因素在里面影
一种不断学习、快速调整的企业的机制，从这个角度来说，对于中小企业来说，他们实施NPS具有特别优势。因为一个中小企业很多东西还不完善，要实施新的东西，改变新的方向，相对比较容易。而对于大企业来说，要装新的东西还要改造旧的东西，确实难度比较大。
韩微文：我也补充几句。通用电气是第一个运用NPS系统的，但并不表示只有销售额几千亿美金的大企业才能用。在中国，很多销售额大概几亿、十几亿人民币的企业都在实施这个 NPS系统。回归到NPS概念的核心，要倾听客户反馈，要有一个非常灵活快速的闭环机制去做自身调整。怎么更好满足客户，这

艾莫先生成功演讲

艾莫先生成功演讲全球最具国际化经验的华人培训大师营销企划大师系统创富教练国际企管顾问鼎智汇海特邀讲师赢在系统总裁特训营创始人香港保险精英培训中心主任香港互动集团董事长加拿大互动成功加拿大集团总裁中旭商学院中旭文化网高级讲师[1]美国互动企管顾问公司首席执行官荣任吉林省大学生演讲协会首届理事会秘书长广州淘众福信息科技有限公司系统顾问荣任中国第一家演讲协会：长春市演讲协会首届理事会秘书长，同年开始中国成功学的研究，开始举办演讲、交际、公共关系、推销及成功学培训班。

美商婕斯环球有限公司培训顾问拥有26年企管顾问经验，其服务的企业遍及美国、加拿大、俄罗斯、乌克兰、新加坡、马来西亚、台湾等16个国家和地区。

他曾考察40多个发达国家，访问了五百多位全球最成功的企业家，终于发掘出从普通人成为亿万富翁的共同秘密，设计出了被海外媒体誉为全球年收入百万以上人士的必修课——《赢在系统--总裁特训营》。

资深的企管顾问，服务的企业遍及中国大陆、台湾、美国、加拿大等16个国家和地区，在中国创维集团、奥康集团、茅台集团、大庆石油、康基集团、永业集团等国内知名企业均接受过艾莫老师的咨询指导以及培训服务,是华人咨询及教育培训领域最有影响力的人之一。

[2]《艾莫最新讲座大全集》--潜龙控股出品相关数据统计显示，消费者好评率达99.96%的是--潜龙控股推出的《艾莫最新讲座大全集》，CEO学院-潜龙控股始终追求产品的卓越品质，连续多年总销量排名第一，以资料齐全、高清完整、质优价廉为特色，非常给力。

已出版光盘：《成功演讲秘诀》VCD《成功推销秘诀》VCD《成功交际秘诀》VCD《成功激励故事》VCD《自我突破--保龄球成功学八项法则》《控股人生》《让新员工更好工作》DVD《做最有用的好员工》DVD《一桶金--系统创富》DVD《赢在系统》已出版书籍：《生涯规划》《互动行销》《控股人生》《一桶金》1、物质、时间、空间是宇宙的三要素，也是生意大法。

信条,强生的DNA

前沿访谈企业文化采访者：王晓虹信条，强生的DNA——专访强生全球首席传播官、企业事务执行副总裁施铭康在强生公司位于美国新泽西州新布仑兹维克的总部大楼的大厅中，耸立的大理石上刻着罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊（General RobertWood Johnson ）在1943年写下的“Our Credo ”（我们的信条）。

在强生经营逾百年的历史中，一直坚持信条中的原则与理念，也正因为如此，才获得了持续成功。

代表强生企业精神的信条被译成近50种语言和方言，广泛传播于世界各地。

翻译成中文的信条用精炼的语句来概括，就是“首先要关注我们的客户：对病人、医生、护士、父母亲以及所有使用我们的产品和接受我们服务的人负责；关注我们的员工，尊重他们的尊严和价插图：强生公司值；关注我们的社会和世界，积极支持社会发展，促进人类健康；最后，如果我们依照这些原则进行经营，股东们就会获得合理的回报”。

自创立以来，强生公司以信条为基石，追求卓越，开拓创新，始终致力于推进健康事业，让人们在每个年龄段和人生阶段都保持健康。

如今，强生已成为全球领先的综合性、业务分布广泛的医疗健康企业，业务涉及消费品、制药、医疗器材三大领域。

2018年全球营收达816亿美元，员工超过13万人，连续10多年入选《财富》杂志全球最受赞赏企业排行榜。

强生坚信，健康是活力人生、繁荣社区和不断进步的基础，因此致力于努力提高医药可及性和可负担性，创造更健康的社区，让世界各地的人都能拥有健康身心，享受健康环境。

强生始终融合关爱、科学与智慧，为人类健康事业的发展带来意义深远的改变。

强生同时高度重视人才发展和培养，积极致力于为员工成长提供更好的支持。

强生的女性领导力项目成果显著，通过为女性提供多种教育资源和发展机会等，为其更好地把握职场和生活目标提供支持。

公司设立之初的14名员工中，就有8名女性。

目前公司全球近14万名员工中，女性员工占比将近一半。

2017年，强生设立了“全球女性科学家专项奖学金”（WiSTEM 2D ）项目，旨在激励及促进科研领域女性领袖的发展，计划通过奖励和资助科学、技术、工程、数学、制造和设计等学科领域中处在职业生涯关键时期的女性，为上述学科领域培养更多优秀人才。

2013年考研英语一真题及答案

选择题答案：1-5 ABCDB6-10 DAADC11-15 ACBCB15-20 CDDBA21-25 BAADC26-30 BDCAD31-35 BADCC36-40 CCDAB41-45 EFBGC2013年全国研究生入学考试英语一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This mightsound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.1. A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers（A）2. A minor B external C crucial D objective（B）3. A issue B vision C picture D moment（C）4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example（D）5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless（B）6. A in B for C to D on（D）7. A if B until C though D unless（A）8. A. test B.emphasize C.share D.promote（A）9. A.decision B.quality C.status D.success（D）10. A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified（C）11. A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional（A）12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured（C）13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged（B）14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave（C）15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather（B）16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced（C）17. A below B after C above D before（D）18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop（D）19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard（B）20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful（A）Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（B）[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to（A）[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to（A）[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? （D）[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text? （C）[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to（B）[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: （D）[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default（C）[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? （A）[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: （D）[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by（B）[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are（A）[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? （D）[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to（C）[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? （C）[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field " and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they（C）[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? （C）[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts（D）[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement（A）[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? （B）[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.Thisyear,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.41.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior .all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development .Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.42.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .43.[B] However, the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.44.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.45.[C] the idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doingthey give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.然而,令人震惊的是,当人们看到又无家可归者建造的花园照片时,由于风格的多样性,所有这些花园显示了超越了装饰与创造性表现的其它各种各样的基本诉求.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.尽管可能有点简陋,但这一神圣和平之地明显象征着人类需求,就好比外壳明显象征着动物需求.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such那些无家可归者的花园实际上是"无家可归"的家园,同花园被引入了城市,在那儿,它们之前即不存在也未曾像这样可以被辨识.49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic我们中的大部分人屈服于道德败坏,在某些心理状态下我们通常归咎于道德败坏,直到有一天我们发现自己身处花园,压迫感奇迹般地消失了.50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.尽管在某种被解放的意义上,但正是这种含蓄或明显的对大自然的引用认可了使用“花园”一词来描述这些被合成的建筑。

美国博通的人才三步曲

那么，是什么让站在IT产业浪潮顶端的美国博通公司永葆竞争优势，在短短15年中就有如此神速发展的呢？原因在于以下三点：
拥有高学历的员工队伍。在5200名员工中，大部分都获得了高级学位，有439位是博士；
整体研发技能强大。在占员工总数73%的研发人员中，有50%的是芯片设计师，20%的是系统和硬件设计师，30％的是软件设计师；
同时，在管理方面的培训也必不可少。中国博通就为本土中高层人员开发了一套管理培训课程。该课程不但包括通用的管理技能，还涉及到在博通公司必须掌握的管理技能。比如，设定绩效期望，给员工公平、公正、准确的反馈，为员工提供与博通顶尖人才接触和工作的机会，等等一些举措不仅对新人，同时对有经验员工的发展成长也大有帮助。博通的绩效管理课程为经理参与和主导员工发展的讨论提供了一个理想的平台。因此2007年第一季度，中国区的经理们都接受了“绩效评估和反馈技巧”的培训。
这就是它现在的样子，而这些足以让一个历史悠久的企业引以为豪的荣耀，却是由处于创业期的美国博通（Broadcom）公司创造的。它主要为运算与网络设备、数字娱乐与宽带网络产品以及移动设备的制造商提供多元化系统单芯片与软件解决方案，在DSL、有线电视、卫星通讯、数字电视、移动通讯等领域均占有一席之地。
15岁的生命，对一个人来说还很稚嫩，而一个新新企业，在经历了15年之后又会有什么样的发展呢？
业界最大的无线网络芯片供应商；
全球第二大IC设计公司；
通信应用半导体市场中绝对的领导地位；
专利总数居世界综合排名第五、半导体产业第三；
2006年收入超过36。7亿美元，比去年增长了37%；
猎头合作。面对部分高端的人才空缺，博通多会通过和专业猎头公司合作，利用他们的招聘优势，连同博通的招聘专员，更快更好地寻找人才。

职场黑科技：情绪感知技术

SMR专刊交易员在亢奋状态之下，容易高价买入资产，低估潜在风险，这种情况通常被称为“拍卖躁狂症”或“竞价狂热症”。

针对这一现象，皇家飞利浦电子与荷兰银行共同研发了一款名为“理性稳定器”的设备，它由两部分组成——手环和显示器：前者佩戴在交易员的手腕上，通过监测皮肤电活动来衡量交易员的情绪波动（工作原理和测谎仪类似）；后者则通过不同类型和颜色的指示灯来反映情绪强度。

研究人员发现，当交易员意识到自己情绪亢奋时，他们会重新思考自己的决策。

这类工具不仅可以帮助个人提高绩效，还可以通过汇总类似情况下采集的数据，帮助管理人员更好地理解影响群体风险行为的内外环境因素。

人在注意力不集中的时候很容易出错。

尽管在许多工作中，同时处理多个任务已经是司空见惯，但对于像空中交通管制、高频交易等工作，注意力高度集中是非常关键的。

2005年发生了一桩很出名的乌龙事件，日本瑞穗证券公司（Mizuho Securities）有个交易员计划以61万日元的价格卖出公司持仓的1股股票，但他不小心把交易指令写成了以1日元的价格出售61万股。

由于交易指令无法撤销，公司损失了约2.24亿美元。

尽管这类匪夷所思的失误出现概率很低，但也说明，员工在执行高风险任务时，保持注意力集中非常重要。

情绪感知技术能够帮助人们提高注意力，相比风险，技术上的投资通常微不足道。

比方说，最近有研究发现，如果显示屏上光标移动变得缓慢或轨迹不够平滑，这很可能是操作人注意力涣散或有负面情绪。

发现这类异常现象并不需要安装昂贵的硬件设备，只要在计算机或智能手机上多写几行代码或多装个软件就可以了。

职业运动员很早就开始使用一些工具来帮助他们提高注意力，从而在比赛中胜人一筹。

全美棒球联盟全明星队的卡洛斯·昆廷（Carlos Quentin），全美篮球联盟全明星队的凯尔·科尔沃（Kyle Korver），以及奥运会游泳金牌得主埃里克·尚托（Eric Shanteau）等，都使用了SenseLabs公司所研发的头部穿戴设备，用于检测认知表现，检测结果可以帮助他们进行针对性训练，弥补个人短板。

CS5381-KZZ;CS5381-KSZ;CS5381-KZZR;CS5381-KSZR;中文规格书,Datasheet资料

3.1 Operational Mode/Sample Rate Range Select.............................................................................. 15 3.2 System Clocking ............................................................................................................................ 15
192 kHz ! 260 mW Power Consumption ! High-Pass Filter or DC Offset Calibration ! Supports Logic Levels between 5 and 2.5 V ! Differential Analog Architecture ! Low-Latency Digital Filtering ! Overflow Detection ! Pin-Compatible with the CS5361
Analog Supply 5V
Digital Supply 3.3 V to 5 V
Interface Supply 2.5 V to 5 V
Differential Inputs
Differential Inputs
Internal Voltage Reference
Switch-Cap ADC
Switch-Biblioteka ap ADCDigital Filters
Digital Filters
Level Translator

创业创新领导力答案_陆向谦

创业创新领导力课后作业参考答案陆向谦非常规自我实现方法与“Disruptive Theory”（上）1华谊兄弟创始人是（）。

A、王长田B、王中军C、周成建D、义红我的答案：B2以下华人中未获得诺贝尔奖的是（）。

A、莫言B、振宁C、钱学森D、政道我的答案：C3被称为“现代山寨机之父”，的联发科技创始人是（）。

A、兰B、庄辰超C、蔡明介D、国军我的答案：C4中国文化中有非常大的“趋同”效应。

（）我的答案：√5相比较而言，在学习和工作方面犹太人用的时间比中国人更多。

（）我的答案：×陆向谦非常规自我实现方法与“Disruptive Theory”（下）1根据Disruptive theory，创新有（）。

A、DisruptiveB、non DisruptiveC、A和B都不对D、A和B都选我的答案：D2“对真理的追求比对真理的占有更重要。

”出自哪位名人（）A、马克思B、恩格斯C、霍金D、爱因斯坦我的答案：D3按照时间，以下计算机出现的顺序正确的是（）。

A、中型机、mainframe、SGI、PCB、PC、中型机、mainframe、SGI C、mainframe、中型机、SGI、PCD、SGI、mainframe、中型机、PC我的答案：C4Disruptive往往是在边缘上，而不在中心。

我的答案：√5任何一个大的成功，其背后创业的founder实际上都是一个常规自我实现的案例。

我的答案：×胡波与慈铭体检（一）1据相关数据统计，每隔4年，人的平均寿命就增加（）年。

A、.0B、1.0C、2.0D、3.0我的答案：B2胡波董事长所学的专业是（）。

A、营销学B、心理学C、管理学D、医疗影像学我的答案：D3慈铭体检的董事长是（）。

A、郭建新B、宋志平C、胡波D、修涞贵我的答案：C4胡波董事长是在清华读的硕士。

（）我的答案：×5创业有好的合作伙伴是非常重要的。

我的答案：√胡波与慈铭体检（二）已完成1慈铭第一家启动是在（)年。

盛名难副到底谁发明了快速换型

盛名难副到底谁发明了快速换型快速换型—SMED—是新乡重夫发明的还是丰田公司发明的？新乡重夫在他的书中强调是他自己发明了，然而丰田公司却认为是丰田自己创立的。

在精益思想的发源地，美国，尽管做了很多研究，但那里的精益专家也是意见不一致。

总的来说，人们对该问题的看法意见不一20世纪50年代，新乡重夫受雇于丰田公司，做基础工业工程技能培训，即“P课程”。

他自己并没有开发这门课程，但他是第一批接受这门课程培训的人之一，以便培训其他人(培训教练)。

这是丰田努力更新其行业内培训(TWI)课程的一部分。

TWI是美国的一个培训工人和提高质量的项目。

在二战期间非常成功，战争结束后，它在美国逐渐被遗忘，但在日本开始流行起来。

新乡重夫签约更新TWI的“工作方法”部分(后来被称为P课程)。

他还教授有关时间与动作分析的课程，这是一种由美国泰勒和吉尔布雷斯发明的著名方法。

在1950年到1970年之间，丰田开发了一种减少更换时间的方法。

包括大野耐一在内的许多丰田员工都参与了这件事。

新乡重夫在1970年左右的项目结束时才参与进来，当时他签约做一个关于快速换型方法的培训。

这个培训旨在帮助丰田对最后一台未改进的设备进行改善。

总之，他在丰田只参加过一次快速换装研讨会。

1980年，新乡重夫出版了一本关于丰田生产系统的书。

据说，这篇文章的发表没有得到丰田的同意，之后他也不再在丰田接受任何培训。

他确实参观了丰田的工厂，也在丰田集团的其他公司工作过，但总体而言，双方的关系似乎已经降温。

新乡重夫并没有发明丰田生产系统，他也没有发明SMED的方法。

他所做的就是把它的知识带到美国并在那里普及。

他为美国提供了丰田生产系统的第一手经验(他在欧洲也不太出名)，成千上万的人从他那里学到了精益生产。

他创造了用于精益生产的关键术语(例如，用于快速转换的SMED或用于防错的Poka Yoke)。

新乡制造业卓越奖是业界最负盛名的奖项之一，被誉为制造业的诺贝尔奖。

人工发展历程人物

人工发展历程人物人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，简称AI）的发展历程中涌现出了许多重要人物，他们为人工智能的进步和应用做出了杰出的贡献。

阿兰·图灵（Alan Turing）被公认为人工智能之父，他在二战期间破解了纳粹的密码机恩尼格玛，为盟军取得了决定性的胜利。

图灵不仅是一个出色的数学家和逻辑学家，他还提出了著名的“图灵测试”，用于判断一个机器是否具备智能。

他的研究奠定了人工智能的基础，并为今后的研究者提供了重要的思路。

约翰·麦卡锡（John McCarthy）被誉为人工智能计算机科学的奠基人之一。

他是Dartmouth会议的组织者之一，该会议被认为是人工智能领域的开端。

麦卡锡提出了“LISP”编程语言，该语言成为了人工智能研究的主要语言之一。

马文·闵斯基（Marvin Minsky）是人工智能领域的开创者之一。

他提出了“连接主义”学派，认为人工智能可以通过构建复杂的神经网络来模拟人类的智能。

闵斯基还研究了机器视觉和机器学习等领域，为人工智能的发展做出了重要贡献。

杰弗里·辛顿（Geoffrey Hinton）是深度学习领域的重要人物。

他是神经网络和深度学习领域的先驱，他的研究为深度学习在计算机视觉、自然语言处理等方面的应用提供了关键技术。

辛顿的“反向传播”算法是训练深度神经网络的重要方法之一。

安德鲁·恩（Andrew Ng）是机器学习和人工智能领域的重要人物。

他是谷歌大脑（Google Brain）的创始人之一，也是斯坦福大学人工智能实验室（Stanford AI Lab）的创始人。

恩对于推动人工智能的教育普及起到了重要作用，他创建了在线学习平台Coursera，使更多人能够接触和学习人工智能。

以上只是人工智能发展历程中的一些重要人物，他们各自在不同的领域和时期做出了重要的贡献，推动了人工智能技术的不断进步和创新。

柯达的没落PPT

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转型战略失误频出
更加致命的是柯达仍对其老本行依依不舍，费尽周折擒获中国最后一个胶卷自主品牌乐凯。2003年10月，乐凯与柯达达成一项为期20年的合作协议，柯达将以总额约为1亿美元的现金和其他资产换取乐凯胶片20% 股份。但胶卷行业已日薄西山，强强联手并未能实现预期效果，随着无需胶卷的数码相机走进千家万户，柯达也开始了艰难的转型， 2007年，柯达中断了与乐凯原本该有20年的姻缘。
2012年1月3日，柯达公司宣布已收到来自纽交所的警告，因为其平均收盘价已连续30日跌破1美元。如果股价在未来6个月内仍无起色，柯达将面临摘牌。
2012年1月19日，美国伊士曼柯达公司宣布已在纽约申请破产保护，以争取渡过流动性危机，确保业务继续运营。
2012年4月20日，美国伊士曼柯达公司正式宣布破产，正在进行资产评估和拍卖！
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Eastman Kodak Company
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2004年1月13日，柯达宣布将停止在美国、加拿大和西欧生产传统胶片相机。
2011年10月1日凌晨，美国当地时间周五，拥有131年历史的相机制造商伊斯曼-柯达公司（EK）可能提交破产保护申请。受此消息影响，美国股市盘中柯达股票一度暴跌 68%，创下该公司自1974年以来最大的单日跌幅。
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1. 曾占全球2/3市场份额 2. 1997年市值达310亿美元 3. 全球员工最多达14.5万人(在巅峰时期，柯达的球员工达到14.5万。它吸引了全球各地的工程师、博士和科学家。) 4. 1975年发明首台数码相机(1975年,美国柯达实验室研发出了世界上第一台数码相机。) 5. 感光界当之无愧的霸主(1966年，柯达海外销售额达21.5亿美元，当时位于感光界第2的爱克发销量仅及它的l／6。) 6. 130年攒1万多项专利

机器人发展史

（1）电气驱动
➢步进电机 ➢直流电机 ➢交流电机
机器人技术
机器人驱动系统
（2）液压驱动 ➢液压源 ➢驱动器 ➢伺服阀 ➢传感器
机器人技术
机器人驱动系统
（3）气压驱动
➢气压源 ➢驱动器 ➢控制阀 ➢传感器
机器人技术
机器人驱动系统
（4）新型驱动器 (智能材料：具有仿生功能,即材料能根据感受到的信息而自动判断、控制和调整以适应外界条件变化) ➢静电驱动器 ➢压电驱动器 ➢记忆合金驱动器
现代机器人
1962年美国AMF公司生产出“VERSTRAN” (意思是万能搬运), 与Unimation公司生产的 Unimate 一样成为真正商业化的工业机器人，并出口到世界各国，掀起了全世界对机器人和机器人研究的热潮。
现代机器人
1962年-1963年传感器的应用提高了机器人的可操作性。人们试着在机器人上安装各种各样的传感器，包括1961年恩斯特采用的触觉传感器，托莫维奇和博尼1962年在世界上最早的“灵巧手”上用到了压力传感器，而麦卡锡 1963年则开始在机器人中加入视觉传感系统，并在1965年，帮助MIT推出了世界上第一个带有视觉传感器，能识别并定位积木的机器人系统。
◆中国科学家定义
机器人是一种具有高度灵活性的自动化机器，这种机器除能动作外，还具备了一些与人或生物相似的智能，如感知、规划、动作和协同能力。
机器人的发展阶段
第一代机器人
第一代机器人是“可编程机器人”：这种机器人一般可以根据操作人员所编的程序, 完成一些简单的重复性操作。这一代机器人是从 60 年代后半叶开始投入实际使用的, 目前在工业界已得到广泛应用。这种机器人不具有外界信息的反馈能力，不能适应环境的变化。

视觉识别的两次飞跃产品经理职场进产品运营用户分析操作指南

视觉识别的两次飞跃1.ConvNets是当今计算机视觉领域深度学习革命的驱动力，被广泛誉为人工智能领域的下一个大事件大卫·胡贝尔（David Hubel）和托尔斯滕·威塞尔（Torsten Wiesel），发现了猫和灵长类动物（包括人类）视觉系统中的层次化结构（hierarchical organization），以及解释了视觉系统如何将视网膜上的光线转换为人脑可辨识的信息。

福岛·邦彦在20世纪70年代开发了被称为认知机（Cognitron）的最早的DNN之一，之后又在认知机的基础上进行了改良，开发了神经认知机。

（Neocognitron）；20世纪80年代，法国计算机科学家杨立昆，提出卷积神经网络（ConvNets）理解ConvNets对于了解当前计算机视觉，以及人工智能的其他方面的发展进程及其局限性是至关重要的。

由于深度学习领域的进展，机器对图像和视频中物体的识别能力在21世纪第一个10年经历了一次质的飞跃。

深度学习简单来说是指用于训练DNN的算法，这里的DNN就是深度神经网络，指的是具有不止一个隐藏层的神经网络。

深度学习中的“深度”并不是指神经网络所学习内容的复杂性，而仅仅是指网络本身的层数。

大脑识别模式：当人的眼睛聚焦于一个场景时，眼睛接收到的是由场景中的物体发出或其表面反射的不同波长的光，这些光线激活了视网膜上的细胞，本质上说是激活了眼睛后面的一个神经元网格。

这些神经元通过位于眼睛后面的纤长的视觉神经来交流彼此的激活信息并将其传入大脑，最终激活位于大脑后部视皮层的神经元。

视皮层大致是由一系列按层排列的神经元组成，就像婚礼蛋糕那样一层一层堆在一起，每一层的神经元都将其激活信息传递给下一层的神经元。

ConvNets 识别模式：ConvNets 由一系列模拟神经元层组成，在这里，我还是将这些模拟神经元称为单元。

每层中的单元为下一层的单元提供输入，当一个ConvNets处理一张图像时，每个单元都有一个特定的激活值－根据单元的输入及其连接权重计算所得的真实的数值。

人工智能原理名人文献

人工智能原理名人文献
以下是一些与人工智能原理相关的重要文献和名人：
1. "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" - 艾伦·图灵（Alan Turing）- 发表于1950年，提出了著名的图灵测试和思考机器智能的问题。

2. "A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence" - 约翰·麦卡锡（John McCarthy）等合著- 1956年提出了人工智能领域的名称，标志着人工智能正式成为一个独立学科。

3. "Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry" - 弗兰克·罗森布拉特（Frank Rosenblatt）- 发表于1958年，引入了感知机模型，这是神经网络的早期形式。

4. "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach" - 斯图尔特·拉塞尔（Stuart Russell）和彼得·诺维格（Peter Norvig）- 这本教材出版于1995年，并成为人工智能领域的经典参考书之一。

5. "Deep Learning" - 亚历山大·库兹涅佐夫（Alexey Kuznetsov）等合著- 该书于2015年发表，详细介绍了深度学习的基本原理和算法。

沈童：美国跨国公司最年轻的中国籍准精算师

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
己的职业位置。” 一天沈童浏览一家美
沈童如约来到华信惠悦管理咨询公司芝加哥分公司，六位部门经理级的考官一起对他进行了面试。沈童礼貌的问候和做过自我介绍后，几位 “ 官”便开考
国金融网站，到美国华信惠悦管理咨看
询公司芝加哥分公司招聘精算专业本
学习，母亲发现他虽然学习成绩排在前三名，但因为年龄小，自
主意识很差，常常是同学的 “ 屁虫 ”，家说什么他附和什跟人么。亲觉得这样不行，母要让他休学。父亲不同意：儿子学习挺 “ 好的，的哪门子学呀？” 休母亲认真地说：现在都是独生子女， “ 以后社会竞争非常激烈，光学习好，点自主意识都没有，事一凡人云亦云，怎么能行！父亲一听有道理，那 ” 也表示赞成。沈童重新上学后，年龄中间偏上，这下不仅学习很好，很有主见，还被选为班干部，以后又挂上了 “ 三道杠 ” 评上了市优秀少先队、
学教育已开始由 “ 精英教育 ”向 “ 普及教育 ” 过渡，他认为，随
着扩招的进行，几年后大学生的就业竞争必定非常激烈，是于
产生了出国留学的想法。他认为：在未来竞争激烈的职场中，用人单位看重的不仅是你的文凭，更重要的是你的综合素质。同时，随着国家的改革开放，向世界，走今后将越来越需要具有全
高中的快班，还当选为学生会的体育部长。按照他的情况，一考所国内的名牌大学一点没问题。眼间到了２０年，转００沈童迎来了高考，这是中国大学扩招的第二年，而且有消息表明，今后几

汽车轻量化工程师：阿尔伯特·吕德维格·冯·波尔舍(Albert Ludwig Porsche)人物简

• 肯定他在汽车轻量化技术方面的研究成果
• 为他的事业树立了丰碑
阿尔伯特·吕德维格·冯·波尔舍对汽车行业的持续影响与贡献
为汽车行业的发展提供了宝贵经验
• 波尔舍的研究成果和设计思想对汽车轻量化产生了
深远影响
• 为汽车行业的可持续发展做出了重要贡献
树立了汽车设计的典范
• 波尔舍的简约设计风格成为汽车设计的经典
• 对后世汽车设计师产生了深远的影响
推动了汽车技术的革新
• 波尔舍的创新成果推动了汽车行业的发展
• 为汽车行业的技术进步做出了重要贡献
谢谢观看.
Thank you for watching.
Docs
在汽车轻量化领域的成就更为突出
• 波尔舍专注于汽车轻量化技术的研究与实践
• 他的成果和设计思想对汽车轻量化产生了深远影响
更注重汽车设计的实用性和功能性
• 波尔舍倡导以功能性为导向的简约设计
• 他的设计思想更注重汽车的实用性和性能
对汽车行业的发展产生了更深远的影响
• 波尔舍的研究成果和设计思想推动了汽车行业的发展
• 通过汽车轻量化技术，提高了燃油经济性，降低了
排放
• 为汽车行业的可持续发展做出了重要贡献
树立了汽车设计的典范
• 他的简约设计风格成为汽车设计的经典
• 对后世汽车设计师产生了深远的影响
03
阿尔伯特·吕德维格·冯·波尔舍与其他汽车工程师的比较
阿尔伯特·吕德维格·冯·波尔舍与同时代其他汽车工程师的比较
树立了汽车设计的典范
• 波尔舍的简约设计风格成为汽车设计的经典
• 对后世汽车设计师产生了深远的影响
推动了汽车行业的可持续发展
• 波尔舍的研究成果和设计思想推动了汽车行业的发展

环球速览

环球速览作者：暂无来源：《东方女性》 2016年第6期美国：机器人授课5个月，竞无人发现图灵测试由英国科学家艾伦·图灵( Alan Turing)发明，测试的目的是分辨出回答某个问题的人到底是人还是计算机。

如果一个机器人授课5个月都被当成人的话，通过图灵测试没有太大问题吧。

美国佐治亚理工大学研制出一款新型机器人，名为吉尔·沃特森。

它的工作就是代替助教为学生们授课。

没想到，它连续工作了5个月，竟然没有任何一个学生发现它是一款机器人。

沃特森是IBM超级电脑沃特森的分析系统，从今年1月份以来，它就开始帮助佐治亚理工大学的毕业生们解决毕业论文中遇到的各种问题。

在与学生互通邮件的时候沃特森更多的是使用口语，语气随意，让人无法分辨出其是否是机器人。

这项人工智能系统的所有反馈系统都是来自于人脑。

在正式上岗之前，它曾经参与过专门的培训。

有些学生也怀疑他为什么会反应那么迅速，不过这也是在人类的正常范围之内就没再多想。

在被告知之后，学生们才意识到他们的助教是机器人，并对此表示非常惊讶。

学生表示，她们之间的交流完全就像两个普通人一样，还有人建议把沃特森提名为最佳助教。

德国：含矿物油化妆护肤品可能致癌女为悦己者容，爱美是女人天性，化妆打扮更是女人的终身事业。

不过，德国有研究发现，不少含矿物油的化妆品及护肤品有机会致癌，呼吁消费者尽量避免使用含有石蜡及凡士林等成分的化妆品。

曾有研究指出，女人一生中会吃下3公斤分量的唇膏。

德国北莱茵一威斯特伐利亚消费者保护部(NRW)，抽查市面上31款含矿物油成分的化妆品及护肤品，当中发现有25项产品，包括5款唇膏、2款护肤品及1款脱毛蜡纸含有怀疑会致癌的矿物油芳香烃(MOAH)。

北莱茵一威斯特伐利亚消费者保护部部长雷梅尔(Johannes Remmel)，对研究结果表示担忧，指护肤品或化妆品内不应存有这类物质，呼吁在国际层面立法规管，以防止化妆用品内含这些有问题的成分。

Java开发史上10位牛人

Java开发史上10位牛人Java开发史上10位牛人Java是一种简单的，面向对象的，分布式的，解释型的，健壮安全的，结构中立的，可移植的，性能优异、多线程的动态语言。

下文将为大家介绍Java开发史上10位牛人，一起来认识一下他们吧!James Gosling1983年，Gosling获得了卡尔加里大学的计算机科学学士学位。

1990年，他获得了卡内基梅隆大学的计算机科学博士学位，师从Bob Sproull。

在攻读博士期间，他自己开发了一款emacs，叫Gosling Emacs(Gosmacs)，在大学的这段时间，他还开发了一个多处理器版本的Unix，以及数个编译器和邮件系统，之后才加入Sun公司。

1984到2010年间，Gosling一直在Sun公司工作。

他被公认为Java之父。

Oracle刚收购了Sun之后，在2010年4月2日，Gosling离开了Sun公司。

当问及为何要离开时，Gosling认为，他的待遇，职级和决策权都受到了削减，同时角色也发生了转变，并面临道德上的压力。

此后他在采访中一直对Oracle公司持批评态度，并指出”在Sun 和Oracle的合并会议上，当我们正为Sun和Google的专利问题发愁，却看到Oracle的律师眼睛里都放着光"。

随后，在Oracle和Google关于Andriod的诉讼中，他澄清了自己的立场："Sun公司虽然没有专利诉讼的基因，这不意味着我们会任人宰割。

虽然我与Oracle公司存在分歧，但在这个问题上我认为他们做的很对。

Google 把Sun压榨得太不像话了，我们大家都被惹怒了。

这也包括Jonathan [Schwartz]，他想唱红脸让这事就这么过去，这让原Sun公司的员工都很不爽。

"2011年3月28日,James Gosling在博客上宣布加入Google公司。

但5个月后，他又加入了一家叫Liquid Robotics的初创公司。