学生讲义unit 6

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人教版新目标九年级英语Unit 6讲义及重点总结

新目标九年级Unit 6 When was it invented? 讲义一、词性转换Section A1. electricity → (adj.) electric2. pleasure → (adj.) pleased3. accidental → (n.) accident4. ruler → (v.) rule5. boil → (adj.) boiling/ boiled6. national → (n.) nation7. low → (反义词.) high8. translate → (n.) translation9. sudden → (adv.) suddenly10. musical → (n.) music 11. instrument → (n.) instrumental Section B12. salty → (n.) salt13. Canadian → (n.) Canada14. divide → (n.) division15. popularity → (adj.) popular16. hero → (adj.) heroic17. professional → (n.) profession二、短语归纳1. the style of……的样式2. such a great invention 如此伟大的一项发明3. be used for被用于…4. by accident 偶然；意外地5. think of/ about 想；考虑6. fall into 落入；陷入7. some time 一段时间8. less than少于；不到9. take place发生；出现10. the popularity of……的普及11. without doubt毫无疑问12. at a low price以低价13. translate…into…把…翻译成…14. all of a sudden突然；猛地15. by mistake错误地；无意中16. in the end最后17. a cook called George Crum一个名字叫乔治克拉姆的厨师18. more than多于；超过19. divide…into…把…分成…20. at the same time同时21. stop…from doing…阻止…做…22. dream of/ about梦想；向往23. not only…but also…不但…而且…24. the number of……的数量25. more and more越来越26. look up to钦佩；仰慕27. achieve one’s dreams实现某人的梦想28. take notes记笔记29. be used to do sth. 被用于做某事30. lead to导致；导向三、句型集萃1. It is said that + 从句据说…2. It is believed that + 从句人们认为…3. ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求某人（不要）做某事4. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事5. need to do sth. 需要做某事6. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事三、重点句子1. the style of the shoes 鞋的样式★style短语：in style 流行的；时髦的out of style 过时的a life style生活方式2. --- Can you help me think of an invention? 你能帮我想个发明吗？★★--- My pleasure! 乐意效劳！辨析：pleasure, pleased, pleasing, please与pleasantpleasure，名词，“愉快，高兴”，多用于口语：It’s my pleasure./ With pleasure.pleased，形容词，“高兴的，喜欢的”，修饰人；pleasing，形容词，“令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的；使人满意的，合意的”，修饰物；please，及物动词，“使高兴、满意、愉快”等；不及物动词，“高兴，愉快”等；pleasant，形容词，定语，“令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，修饰事物，不能修饰人。

人教版七年级上册英语讲义 Unit 6 Do you like bananas

Unit 6 Do you like bananas? 讲义一、【重点单词】banana /bə'nɑ:nə/香蕉hamburger /'hæmbɜ:(r)ɡə(r)/汉堡包tomato /tə'mɑ:təʊ/西红柿ice-cream /,aɪs'kri:m/冰激凌salad /'sæləd/沙拉strawberry /'strɔ:berɪ/草莓pear /peə(r)/梨milk /mɪlk/牛奶bread /bred/面包birthday /'bɜ:(r)θdeɪ/生日dinner /'dɪnə(r)/（中午或晚上吃的）正餐week /wi:k/周；星期food /fu:d/食物sure /ʃʊə(r)/当然；肯定；一定burger /'bɜ:(r)ɡə(r)/汉堡包= hamburgervegetable /'veʤtəbəl/蔬菜fruit /fru:t/水果right /raɪt/正确的；适当的apple /'æpl/苹果then /ðen/那么egg /eɡ/蛋；鸡蛋carrot /'kærət/胡萝卜rice /raɪs/大米；米饭chicken /'ʧɪkɪn/ji鸡肉so /səʊ/ (引出评论或问题)那么breakfast /'brekfəst/早餐；早饭lunch /lʌnʧ/午餐star /stɑ:(r)/明星；星星eat /i:t/吃well /wel/好；令人满意的habit /'hæbɪt/习惯healthy /'helθi/健康的really /'ri:əli/真正地question /'kwesʧən/问题want /wɒnt/需要；想要be /bi:/变成fat /fæt/肥的；肥胖的二、【重点短语】1. John ’s birthday dinner 约翰的生日宴会2. vegetable salad 蔬菜沙拉3. two tomatoes 两个西红柿4. eat well 吃得营养5. think about 考虑6. eat/have breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早/午/晚饭7. sports stars 体育明星8. the volleyball star 排球明星9. ask sb. about sth. 问某人某事10. like hamburgers/ice-cream 喜欢汉堡包/冰淇淋11. like eating eggs 喜欢吃鸡蛋12. her eating habits 她的饮食习惯13. be (not) healthy （不）健康14. one last question 最后一个问题15. healthy food 健康食物16. after breakfast/lunch/dinner 早/午/晚饭后17.one last question 最后一个问题18.some fruit 一些水果19.for dinner 作为晚餐20.how about 怎么样三、【重点句型】1.—Do you like salad? 你喜欢沙拉吗？一Yes，I do. /No, I don’t. 是的，我喜欢。

人教版四年级英语上册unit 6讲义(知识点归纳与练习)

人教版四年级英语上册unit 6讲义(知识点归纳与练习)一、单元词汇：family家庭；家人parents父母uncle叔叔；舅舅；伯父aunt姨,姑姑baby brother婴儿小弟弟baby sister 婴儿小妹妹football player 足球运动员cousin 堂兄弟妹；表兄弟妹（必须能写）sister姐妹兄弟driver doctor司机医生农民护士二、小知识点1、doctor(复数形式→doctors nurse (复数形式）→nursesdriver (复数形式）→ drivers farmer (复数形式）→farmerspuppy (复数形式）→puppies注意：people 的单复数一样2、driver 司机driver 是由drive（开车）+ r 变成的名词,类似的词还有：play(比赛）+er→player(运动员）farm（农场）+ er→farmer(农民）三、主要句型句型：1、How many people are there in your family?你家里有多少人？There are three .有3口人There be（is/are) 是“有”的意思There is pen on the deskHow many 后面可加可数名词复数；how much 后面加不可数名词例：How many books are there in your schoolbag? 你的书包里有几本书？How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？【询问“有多少……？”：】"How many ...?" 有多少？回答直接用数字。

你家有多少人？树上有多少个苹果？我家有六口人见见我的家人2、My family has three people. 我家有三口人。

Who are they ?他们是谁？They are my parents and me .他们是我的父母和我句中family 为 “家,家庭”,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式family 作 “家庭成员”讲时,谓语动词用复数形式例：All my family like fish. 我们全家人都喜欢鱼肉3、Meet my family!见见我的家人4、This is my uncle. 这是我的叔叔He’s tall and strong.他又高又壮5、What’s your aunt’s job ?你姨是干什么的？此句是由what引导的特殊疑问句,其结构为“What+be+sb’s+job(s)?”用来询问某（些）人的职业是什么,其同义句为“What+be+sb?”.例：What’s your mother’s job? = What’s your mother? 你妈妈是做什么工作的【询问别人爸爸妈妈的职业】她是干什么的？她是一个厨师6、Is this your uncle?这是你的叔叔吗？Yes, it is.(肯定)是的,他是。

人教新目标英语八年级下册讲义—Unit 6 An old man tried to move ……

新目标八年级下册Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.讲义一、词性转换Section A1. shoot →(pt.) shot2. remind →(pt.) reminded3. hide→(pt.) hid4.excite→(adj.) exciting/excited5.fit →(pt.) fit6.marry →(pt.) married Section B7.cheat →(n.) cheat8.wife →(pl.) wives9.shine →(pt.) shone10.lead →(pt.) led11.brave →(adv.) bravely二、短语归纳1. work on doing sth.致力于做某事2. as soon as ...一……就……3. once upon a time 从前4. continue to do sth.继续做某事5. make sth. happen使某事发生6.try to do sth. 试图做某事7. the journey to sp. ……之旅8. tell the/a story 讲故事9. put on 穿上10. a little bit 有点儿11. keep doing sth.坚持做某事12. give up 放弃13. instead of 代替;反而14. turn .. . into 变成15. get married 结婚16. the main character主要人物；主人公17. at other times在另外一些时候18. be able to 能;会19. come out (书/电影等)出版20. become interested in.对……感兴趣21. walk to the other side走到另一边去22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事23. the rest of the story故事的其余部分24. leave sb. to do sth.让某人做某事25. make a plan to do sth.筹划/计划做某事26. go to sleep 去睡觉27. lead sb. to sp.把某人领到某地28. get lost 迷路29. change one’s plan改变计划30. tell sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事31. in the moonlight 在月光下32. find one’ s way home找到某人回家的路33. the next day 第二天34. send sb. to sp.派某人去某地35. so... that如此……以至于……三、句型集萃1. try to do sth. 设法做某事2. finish doing sth. 完成做某事3. continue to do sth. 继续做某事4. keep doing sth. 一直做某事5. be able to do sth. 能够做某事6. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事7. instead of doing sth. 代替做某事8. become interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣9. can’t stop doing sth. 禁不住做某事10. hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事11. lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地12. leave sth. at/in sp. 把某物遗忘在某地13. have on time to do sth. 没有时间做某事14. show sb. sth. 向某人展示某物15. love doing sth. 喜欢做某事四、重点句子1. A man told yu Gong that he could never do it. 一个人告诉愚公他绝不可能把山移走。

Unit-6-Groundless-Beliefs上课讲义

Listen to the recording and answer
What is the theme of the passage? What do you think is the style of this passage? Find out the main factors influencing the forming of a belief.
He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. They waited, as it were, breathless for the result.
fit in with
If sth. fits in with other things, it is similar to them or goes well with them. 适合，符合，与……一致
加尔文宗[归正宗]
பைடு நூலகம்
Methodists 循道宗
Congregationalists 公理宗
sentiment
A cast of mind; general mental disposition n. 情操, 情感, 情绪, 观点, 多愁善感, 感情
as such
as the word is usually understood; in the exact sense of the word. 从字面意义看，严格来说 The new job is not a promotion as such, but it has good prospects.
improvident
Not providing for the future; thriftless. Rash; incautious.

Unit6 知识重点总结讲义 2022-2023学年高中英语外研版必修第一册

外研版高一英语必修一Unit6知识重点总结一．重点词用法：1.wrap--v.包，裹*1）wrap up--包裹2)be wrapped up in--专心于2.frost---n.霜frostly--adj. 结霜的3.region--n.地区regional--地区的3.prevent--v.阻挡n.--prevention预防preventable--adj.可预防的*1）prevent...from doing sth.---阻止...做某事=ban sb. from doing=prohibit sb. from doing sth.4.harmony-n.融洽相处*1)in harmony with sb./sth. ---与某人一致2）out of harmony--不一致3）live in harmony with...----与...和睦相处harmless---adj. 无害的5.design--v.设计*1）be designed for...----为...设计2）be designed to do sth.---目的做...3)by design 故意地6.harm--v.伤害，损害adj.--harmful有害的harmless--有害的*1) be harmful to...----对...有害2）do no/great /much harm---无/有很大的害处3）do sb. harm=do harm to sb.对某人有害4）mean no harm--没有5）there is no harm in doing sth.做什么没有什么害处7.replace--v.以...替换，更换replace 1)replace...with...---用...代替... 2）take one’s place --代替某人3）take the place of...----代替... 4)in one’s place---代替...8.mineral---n.矿物n.--mine矿9.consumer--n.消费者consumption--n.消耗consume--vt.消费*1）consumer demand 消费者要求10.beauty--n.美丽**a sense of beauty---美感10.barrier---n.障碍language barrier--语言障碍11.living---adj.活的*living creature--生物12.basin--n.盆地*river basin江河流域plain---平原12.grand--adj.宏伟的grandnesss--宏伟13.narrow--a narrow escape---死里逃生14.desert---n.沙漠deserted--荒芜的14.publish--v.出版publisher--n.出版社publication---n.发表15.expert--adj.内行的n.专家*1）be expert at /in/on doing sth.在某方面是专家，擅长做... 2）an expert at/in doing sth.---做某事的专家16.limited--adj.有限的limit--vt.限制n.限制limitless---adj.无限的*1）limit...to...把...限制在...范围内2)within limits---在...限制内3）without limits无限制的4）beyond the limit 超过限度5）set a limit to ---对...设限度17.benefit--n.好处v.受益beneficial---adj.有益的*1）be of great benefit--很有好处的3）get benefit from...----从...中获益3）for the benefit of sb.---为了某人的利益4）get benefit from...---从...中获益动词短语：*1）benefit from...----受益于...2)be beneficial to...---对...有益二．课文重点短语：1.at one with nature---与自然融为一体 2.shining in the spring sun--春天阳光明媚 3.be covered in...----被...盖住 4.sheets of white frost--层层白霜5.in the early Qing Dynasty--清初6.as far as the eye can see---极目远眺6.go to so much trouble---费尽周折8.turn...into..---把...变成...9.in harmony with...----与...协调一致10.along this waterways----沿着这条水路10.provide...for...----以...为食12.feed on...----以...为食13.traditions hold much value---传统很有价值14.pass down---传承15.ancient methods of agriculture---古代农业方法16.this great wonder---伟大奇迹17.green finger---高超的种植技能18.enter into--进入19.free-time activity 空闲时间活动20.in any doubt--没把握21.reflect on---仔细思考22.have a positive---有积极的影响23.immune system---免疫系统24.in a jungle---在丛林中三．重点句型：1.These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.----非限定从句。

初二下册英语第六单元讲义unit 6 语法篇

Unit 6 语法篇状语从句1.定义：用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

2.分类：时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的、让步状语从句。

1. 时间状语从句1.连词：when, as, while, before, after, since,till, until, as soon as。

2.在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

3.在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。

如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

2. 条件状语从句1.条件状语从句一般用if，unless引导。

2.在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来（即主将从现）。

3. 原因状语从句1.原因状语从句通常由because，since，as引导。

2.Because和so不能出现在一个句子里。

4. 结果状语从句1.结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。

2.So+adj+that, such+n+that5. 目的状语从句1.目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。

2.So that既可以引导结果状语从句，也可以引导目的状语从句。

区别在于目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。

从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。

6. 让步状语从句1.让步状语从句通常由although，though引导2.Although和but不能出现在同一个句子里。

7. 地点状语从句地点状语从句由where引导。

1. You will fail the exam again (unless/as soon as/so...that) you work harder than before.2. I will tell him the news (unless/as soon as/so...that) he comes back.3. The flowers are beautiful (unless/as soon as/so...that) I couldn't help picking them.4. I called her (unless/as soon as/so...that) I got the tickets to the football match yesterday.5. The sports meeting will continue (unless/as soon as/so...that) it rains this afternoon.一、单项选择1. I called the police I saw the car accident.A. even thoughB. as soon asC. so thatD. ever since2. --- Li Lin, is it OK for you to go to your grandpa's house alone?--- No problem. I you as soon as I there.A. call; getB. call; will getC. will call; getD. will call; will get3. The ice cream is delicious I want to eat a second one.A. too; toB. too; thatC. so; thatD. very; that4. The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her.A. so thatB. becauseC. sinceD. when5. Your dream will come true you put your heart and soul into it.A. ifB. unlessC. althoughD. until6. Father won't allow me to play outside I wash up the dishes.A. if notB. ifC. unlessD. because7. Some people won't realize the importance of their health they have lost it.A. afterB. whenC. untilD. as8. John fell asleep he was listening to the CD.A. afterB. beforeC. whileD. as soon as9. --- The young man looks so sleepy.--- That is he stayed up until 11:50 p.m.A. whichB. whatC. becauseD. why10. The little girl was excited about her birthday party she couldn't sleep last night.A. too; toB. so; thatC. enough; toD. quite; that二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子) 或按要求转换句型11. 除非你诚实友好，否则你是无法交朋友的。

沪教版五年级上册英语Unit 6 Family life讲义(学生版)

Unit 6 Family life一、重点词汇及拓展1. __________ n.生活（复数：__________）词汇拓展：__________ 家庭生活区分：__________ 居住e.g. _________________________ 我有幸福的生活。

2. __________ n.客厅e.g. _________________________ Kitty正在客厅画画。

3. __________ n.卧室e.g. _________________________ 在我的卧室有一张我的全家福。

4. __________ n.飞机模型e.g. _________________________ 这个飞机模型可以飞吗？5. __________ n.厨房e.g. _________________________ 我在厨房帮妈妈做晚饭。

6. __________ n.浴室卫生间词汇拓展：__________ v.洗澡n.浴盆e.g. _________________________ 我的爸爸正在浴室洗澡。

7. __________ adj.他们的她们的它们的词汇拓展：__________/__________ 他们他们它们（主格/宾格）e.g. _________________________ 他们的包是轻的。

我们不需要帮助他们。

8. __________ n.灯光adj.轻的词汇拓展：e.g. _________________________ 请打开灯。

我看不清楚黑板。

9. __________ v.观看观察短语：__________/__________ 观看比赛词汇区分：look（强调看的__________, look at）see（强调看的__________）watch（强调观看__________、__________）e.g. _________________________ 孩子们正在电视上看足球比赛。

八年级英语下册知识讲义(Unit 6 Enjoying Cycling Topic3 .)-仁爱版

知识梳理二、重点单词【单词学习】1. notice v.看（或听）到，注意到n. 注意，理会notice作感官动词时，可接不带to的不定式，也可接doing作宾语补足语。

（1）notice sb. do sth. 意为“注意到某人做了某事”。

I noticed them run every morning. 我注意到他们每天早上跑步。

（强调过程）（2）notice sb. doing sth. 意为“注意到某人正在做某事”。

I noticed the boy reading in the classroom.我注意到这个男孩正在教室里读书。

（强调状态）在中考中，重点考查notice作动词时的用法，即：notice sb. do sth. 和notice sb. doing sth.notice作名词，也可表示“通知，布告，启事”的意思。

The notice on the wall says “No Smoking”. 墙上的告示写着“请勿吸烟”。

Do you notice a girl _________ in the next room?A. singsB. singingC. to singD. sang答案：B思路分析：本题重点考查词组notice sb. doing sth.，表示“注意到某人正在做某事”的意思。

根据句意“你注意到那个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌吗？”故选B。

2. cover v. 包括，包含；涉及cover作动词时，意为“包括，包含；涉及”，后接名词或名词短语。

The survey covers all aspects of the business. 调查涉及这家企业的各个方面。

在中考中，重点考查cover的基本用法和固定搭配词组be covered with sth. 被……覆盖着。

（1）cover还可以表示距离，意为“行走(一段路程)”We covered thirty miles yesterday. 昨天我们走了三十英里。

Unit6DisasterandHope单词讲义高中英语

Unit6单词讲义disaster词性：名词中文意思：灾难，灾害英文释义：a sudden event, such as an accident or a natural phenomenon, that causes great damage or loss of life词源：来自拉丁语的dis（否定）和aster（星星），最初指天空中异常明亮的星星，后来引申为各种灾难。

例句：The earthquake was a terrible disaster for the people in that area.固定搭配：natural disaster（自然灾害）、manmade disaster（人为灾害）、disaster relief（救灾工作）近义词：calamity, catastrophe, tragedytube词性：名词中文意思：管子，管道；电子管；地铁英文释义：a hollow cylindrical object on which sound or pictures are carried; a long, narrow passage through which something can pass词源：来自古法语的tube，最初指一种用于输送液体或气体的空心圆柱形物体。

例句：I need to buy a new tube for my bike tire.固定搭配：subway tube（地铁隧道）、TV tube（电视显像管）、air tube（气管）近义词：pipe, conduit, channelplus词性：介词、连词、副词、形容词中文意思：加，加上；而且，另外；正数；优势英文释义：used to indicate addition or increase; used to connect clauses or sentences; used to show a positive quantity or value; having an advantage over others词源：来自拉丁语的plus，最初表示“更多”或“超过”。

Unit6 知识讲义-牛津译林版英语七年级下册

1、You complain too much.（P68）(1)complain 为动词，意为抱怨。

complain to sb. about sth/of sth. 向某人抱怨某事。

He complained to his mother about his old schoolbag.(2)too much放在动词或动词词组的后面，不可数名词的前面。

too many 后面跟可数名词的复数much too 后面跟形容词1、She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.（P70）(1)look up 此处意为抬头向上看；look up 还意为查阅，指在字典里查找。

You can look up this word in a dictionary.(2)in a coat意为穿着外套in+颜色表示穿着什么颜色的衣服She is always in black.(3)see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。

I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。

I often see her dance in the park.2、How amazing!（P70）由how引起的感叹句How +形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！How beautiful the girl is!How fast he runs！由what引起的感叹句：（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数名词（+主语+谓语）！What a nice girl!(2) what+形容词+可数名词的复数或不可数名词What cheap clothes!What delicious food!3、She found herself alone in a long, low hall.（P 70）(1)find oneself+形容词/介词短语意为发现自己处于某种状态。

外研新版初中英语七年级上册第六单元Unit 6 The power of plants 讲义

Unit 6 The power of plants一、单词解析1.Within (介词) 在(建筑物或地区)；在(某段时间/距离)之内Eg: within a plant 在植物工厂内部Within seven days 七天之内2.Quarter (名词) 一刻钟；十五分钟；四分之一常见搭配：a quarter of ... 四分之一的...Three quarters of ... 三分之一的...Eg: At lease a quarter of his spare money goes on books. 他的余款至少四分之一花在书上。

3.Past (介词) 晚于；在...之后；超过(形容词) 过去的；从前的(名词) 过去；昔日常见搭配：ten past nine 九点十分In the past 在过去Eg: He ran past me and went out of the door. 他从我身边跑过，夺门而出。

There were lots of tree here in the past. 过去这里有许多树。

4.No. (number的缩写) 第...号Eg: the No. 6 bus 六路公共汽车5.Collect (动词) 收集；采集；使集中派生词：collector (名词) 收藏家-- collection (名词) 收藏品常见搭配：collect stamps 集邮Eg: She likes collecting stamps very much. 她非常喜欢集邮。

6.Send (动词) 送出；发出知识拓展：send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 给某人寄某物Send sb. to + 地点名词把某人送到某地常见搭配：send out 发出(光亮等)Send up 发射；送上来Send off 派遣；给...送行Eg: Would you send up two bottles of milk to Room 303, please?请送两瓶牛奶到303房间好吗？7.Rise (动词) 升高；上升常见搭配：rise up to ... 上升到...知识拓展：rise, arise与raise区别：Rise (动词)“上升”表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。

Unit6讲义人教版九年级英语全册

Unit6 When was it invented?1.My pleasure.辨析: please,pleasure,pleased与pleasant①please(语气词) 请(v)取悦;使高兴②pleasure (n) 愉快常用短语:With pleasure.(表示乐于接受或同意某事) 我愿意It’s my pleasure.(My pleasure)不用谢It’s a pleasure.不用谢③pleased (adj)高兴的用法如下: be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事be pleased with 对...满意Eg: He is pleased with his job.④pleasant (adj)愉快的(作定语/表语,通常说明事物)Eg:We spent a pleasant vacation there.The music that is pleasant to the ear.2.For example,it mentioned that zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.mention(vt) 提到;提及Don’t mention it.不用谢,没关系(道谢;道歉)①mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事②mention doing sth./that从句提及...Eg: Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.Whenever I mention playing basketball,he always says he’s too busy.He mentioned that he met some problem,but nobody helped him.3.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.It is said that ... 据说... 有人说... (it为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语,be said是被动语态形式,其主动语态形式为:People/They say (that)...)“It is+过去分词+that...”结构的常用句型It is believed that...人们认为...It is known that...众所周知...It is reported that...据报道...It is supposed that...据估计...4.Even though many people now know about tea culture,the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.doubt(n)疑问;疑惑相关短语: without doubt毫无疑问;的确no doubt无疑;很可能be in doubt不确定beyond doubt 毫无疑问doubt(v)怀疑(后常接n/pron或that;if/whether引导的从句作宾语)There is no doubt that+句子毫无疑问的是...Eg：They doubt the truth of it.We doubt that you are right.I doubt if/whether he will come earlier this time.4.The number of foreign players,includingChinese players,in the NBA has increased.辨析: include,including与includedinclude(vt)包括;包含including(prep)包括;包含included(adj)包括在内的(后置定语)Eg:Breakfast includes egg,bread and milk.All the students,including me,had a nice day during the vacation.All of us,myself included,like our English teacher.5.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.辨析:achieve与come trueachieve(vt)实现(主语是人)come true(vi短语)实现(主语是事物)achieve one’s dream=one’s dream come true.6.At the same time,they need to stop competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.①stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事stop...from...的同义短语prevent...(from)doingkeep...from doing②get into 进入含有get的短语:get ready 准备好get angry 生气get on well 相处得好get well 恢复健康get in the way 挡道get a cold 感冒; 伤风get over 克服(困难等); 从(疾病、失望等)中恢复过来get along 融洽相处;前进,进展; (with)与…相处; 生活get through 通过; 拨通(电话)get in touch with 与…联系; 与…接触7.Today,the popularity of basketball has risen around the world,with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.“with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.”是“with+宾语+补足语”(补足语可以是: 现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词或不定式)Eg: She enjoys listening to music with her eyes closed.My mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.Don’t speak with your mouth full.With a lot of work to do,she felt very tired.8.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.look up to 钦佩;仰慕;尊敬含有look的短语：look forward to期待look down upon瞧不起;轻视look on ...as...把...看作look out for注意观察;留意look sb.up and down上下打量look sb.in the eye正视某人一般过去时的的被动语态①构成: was/were+动词过去分词②各种时态被动语态的结构归纳一般将来时: will/shall be done过去将来时:would/should be done现在进行时:am/is /are being done过去进行时:was/were being done现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：had been done③使用被动语态的误区(1)主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用作被动语态的主语Eg: The man introduced himself as Mr.White. Himself was introduced as Mr.White.(x)They help each other to study English.Each other is helped to study English.(x)(2)当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态.Eg: We will have a meeting.A meeting will be had by us.(3)主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用作被动语态中的主语Eg: My brother enjoys watching TV.Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.(x)He asked to have a try.To have a try was asked by him.(x)(4)主动结构表被动意义1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive 等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义.Eg：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.The clothes sell well in that store.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动Eg：The music sounds very beautiful. Hamburgers taste quite delicious.3.be worth doing值得....(用主动结构表示被动) Eg:The book is worth reading.4.require/want/need +doing (用主动结构表示被动) require/want/need to be doneEg: My bike needs repairing.My bike needs to be repaired.。

沪教版六年级上册英语Unit 6 E-friends讲义(学生版)

Unit6 E-friends一、重点词汇及拓展1. __________ n.网友拓展：_________ 电子邮件e.g. ________________________我的网友来自美国。

2. ____________ n. 国家乡村（复数：__________）拓展：_________ 城市__________ 城镇__________ 乡村_________ 村庄e.g. _____________________________他们来自不同的国家。

3. __________ adj. 其他的拓展：__________ 另一个_________ 两者中的另一个e.g. ___________________________ 你知道其他著名的作家么？4. __________ n. 队拓展：__________ 队友e.g. _______________________________ 足球队有11名队员。

5. ____________ n. 爱好（复数：__________）拓展：__________ 兴趣爱好___________________ 某人的爱好是做某事e.g. ______________________ 她的爱好是踢足球。

6. ____________n. 年级成绩拓展：_________________ 六年三班e.g. ______________________________. 我和皮特同一个年级。

7. _____________ pron.你自己拓展：__________ 我自己_________ 我们自己_________ 你们自己_________ 他自己_______________ 她自己_________ 它自己__________ 他们自己短语：_______________ 玩得开心_______________ 独自地，单独_______________ 自便，自取e.g. ______________________________ 你应当自己完成作业。

Unit6讲义人教版英语七年级上册

Unit 6 Do you like bananas?1.salad n. 沙拉当salad 为不可数名词时，通常指整体的食物概念，例如：He likes eating salad.“一盘沙拉”时，是可数名词，复数形式为salads。

当salad的含义为“一份色拉”、k n.牛奶a glass of milk 一杯牛奶two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶3.bread n.面包a piece of bread 一片面包4.birthday n. 生日Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐！5.dinner n.正餐have dinner 吃晚餐birthday dinner 生日晚宴6.week n. 周；星期（adj./adv.）weekly 每周的next week 下周7.★think about 思考；思索（强调思考的过程）★think of 认为；想起（强调思考的结果）Eg：Let’s think about the food.I like this song,but I can’t think of its name.8.food n. 食物指“食物，食品”时，是不可数名词；强调食物的种类时，是可数名词。

9.right adj. 正确的；—（反义词）wrong 错误的adj. 右边的；—（反义词）left 左边的★All right！用作对方建议或劝告的应答语。

Eg：—Let’s go and ask him.让我们去问他。

—All right. 好的。

10.star n. 星星；明星a volleyball star 一个排球明星11.eat v. 吃★eating habits 饮食习惯12.well adv. 好；令人满意地（adj.）good 好的Eg：Sports Star Eats Well.I have good eating habits.13.question n. 问题one last qusetion 最后一个问题14.healthy adj. 健康的（n.）health 健康★keep healthy 保持健康15.want v. 想要want sth. 想要某物want to do sth. 想要做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事Eg：I don’t want to be fat.16.—What do you like for breakfast?—I like ........【语法】名词的单复数有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但意义不同，要注意区分.①glass cn.杯子un.玻璃orange cn橘子un.橘汁①还有表示动物类的名词，表示动物时是可数名词，表示为菜肴时是不可数名词. chicken cn.小鸡un.鸡肉fish cn鱼un鱼肉①salad, icecream, food, fruit 作总称讲是不可数名词，作种类讲是可数名词【即学即练】一、请写出下列词的复数形式city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____mouse _________ boy____________ broom ___________car ____tree ______horse ______ bus______________ fox _____branch ____ baby _____ family _____ dish _____radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ _man _____woman _____ child ___ foot______this _____________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich__________ paper_________ juice__________ water____________ milk___________ rice__________people ______CD________ ox___________deer____________ fish___________二、选择填空.( )1. They e from different ______A. countryB. countriesC. a countryD. countrys( )2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?A. tomatosB. tomatoesC. tomatoD. the tomato( )3. They are______.A . woman teachers B. women teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher( )4. Would you like _______ ,please?A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waterC. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters( )5. Most of ______ live in _______.A. Germans, GermanB. German, GermenC. Germen, GermanyD. Germans, Germany( )6. There are some ______ in these _______.A. knifes pencilboxesB. knives pencilsboxC. knives pencilboxD. knives pencilsboxes( )7. ______ like ______ by air.A. Greens, travellingB. The Green, travelingC. The Greens, travelD. The Greens, traveling( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A. the peopleB. peopleC. peoplesD. the peoples( )9. There is no ______ in the plate.A. applesB. orangesC. riceD. eggs( )10.My uncle has three _______.A.childB.childsC.childrenD.childrens四.填入所给名词的正确形式。

2024新人教英语七上：Unit 6 单词讲义(学生版)

2024新教材七年级上册Unit6单词讲义1.make use of 使用…;利用…p59➢必备搭配: make good use of… 好好利用…We should make use of the book.我们应该利用这本书。

We should make good use of our time.我们应该好好利用我们的时间。

⏹汉译英：你如何能好好利用你的时间呢？(课文原句)⏹英译汉：We should make good use of time to study.2.shower [ˈʃaʊə(r)] n. 淋浴；淋浴器v.洗淋浴➢必备搭配：take a shower淋浴I take a shower every morning.我每天早上洗淋浴。

She likes to take a shower before going to bed.她喜欢睡觉前洗淋浴。

⏹汉译英：皮特通常在早上洗淋浴。

（课文原句）3.get dressed穿衣服⏹gets（第三人称单数形式）got（过去式）getting（现在分词）He quickly got dressed and went out. 他迅速穿好衣服出去了。

I always get dressed before breakfast. 我总是在早餐前穿好衣服。

4.brush [brʌʃ] v. (用刷子)刷n.刷子; 画笔⏹拓展：toothbrush牙刷She brushes her teeth every night. 她每晚刷牙。

I need a new hair brush. 我需要一把新的发刷。

5.tooth [tuːθ] n.牙齿复数形式为teeth [tiːθ]➢必备搭配：brush teeth刷牙You should brush your teeth every morning.你应该每天早上刷牙。

He has a problem with his teeth.他的牙齿有问题。

Unit6单词讲义高中英语选择性3

Unit6单词讲义crime (名词)中文意思：犯罪，罪行英文释义：an action that is prohibited by law and is considered to be morally wrong词源：来自拉丁语crimina，意为“过失，罪过”例句：The police are trying to solve the crime.固定搭配：mit a crime（犯罪），crime rate（犯罪率）近义词：offense, misdemeanor, wrongdoingseaside (名词)中文意思：海边，海滨英文释义：the area next to the sea词源：sea + side，意为“海的一侧”例句：We went to the seaside for our vacation.固定搭配：seaside resort（海滨度假胜地），seaside town（海滨小镇）近义词：beach, coast, shoresuburb (名词)中文意思：郊区，市郊英文释义：an area on the outskirts of a city or town where people live in houses rather than apartments词源：suburb源自拉丁语suburbs，意为“城墙外的土地”例句：I live in the suburbs of the city.固定搭配：suburban area（郊区地区），suburban life（郊区生活）近义词：outskirts, exurb, peripherygreedy (形容词)中文意思：贪婪的，贪心的英文释义：eager to obtain more of something, especially wealth or food, than one needs or deserves词源：来自古英语grēdan，意为“贪食”例句：He is too greedy to share his toys with his sister.固定搭配：greedy for（渴望得到），greedy person（贪婪的人）近义词：avaricious, covetous, graspingthief (名词)中文意思：小偷，窃贼英文释义：a person who steals things illegally词源：来自古英语þiof，意为“偷窃者”例句：The thief was caught by the police.固定搭配：thief stealer（窃贼），car thief（汽车窃贼）近义词：burglar, pilferer, robbermit (动词)中文意思：犯罪，做错事；承诺，履行；把…托付给；使承担义务英文释义：to do something illegal or wrong; to promise or undertake to do something; to entrust or give over (something) to someone else; to obligate or bind (someone) to something词源：来自拉丁语mittere，意为“托付，交付”例句：He mitted a serious crime. She mitted herself to finishing the project on time. They mitted their children to the care of their grandparents. The pany mitted itself to reducing its carbon footprint.urban：词性：形容词中文意思：城市的，都市的英文释义：of, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town词源：来自拉丁语urbanus，意为“城市的”例句：The urban population has been increasing rapidly in recent years.固定搭配：urban area（城市地区）、urban planning（城市规划）近义词：metropolitan, municipal, townshippredator：词性：名词中文意思：捕食者，掠夺者英文释义：an animal that preys on other animals for food词源：来自拉丁语predator，意为“掠夺者”例句：The lion is the top predator in the African savannah.固定搭配：natural predator（天敌）、predatory behavior（掠夺行为）近义词：hunter, killer, raidernewer：词性：名词中文意思：新来的人，新手英文释义：a person who has recently arrived in a place or started doing something new词源：来自中古英语neweere，意为“新来的人”例句：As a newer to the pany, I'm still learning the ropes.固定搭配：newer to the team（团队的新成员）、newer to the neighborhood（新搬来的邻居）近义词：novice, beginner, rookieflourish：词性：动词中文意思：繁荣，茂盛，兴旺发达英文释义：to grow well and be healthy; prosper; thrive词源：来自古英语flōrishian，意为“繁荣”例句：The economy is expected to flourish in the ing years.固定搭配：flourishing business（兴旺的生意）、flourishing garden（繁茂的花园）近义词：thrive, prosper, succeedracoon：词性：名词中文意思：浣熊，貉子英文释义：a nocturnal mammal with a long bushy tail and dark masked face, living in trees and eating fruit and small animals词源：来自印第安语racaon，意为“尾巴”或“水獭”例句：I saw a raccoon rummaging through the trash cans last night.container：词性：名词中文意思：容器，集装箱英文释义：a receptacle for holding or containing something词源：来自拉丁语的contenere，意为“包含”例句：The container is made of plastic.固定搭配：shipping container（海运集装箱）、trash container（垃圾箱）近义词：box, crate, vesselgarbage：词性：名词中文意思：垃圾，废物英文释义：refuse or waste material that is discarded as unwanted词源：来自中古英语gerbege，意为“残渣”或“残留物”例句：Please take out the garbage before you leave.固定搭配：garbage disposal（垃圾处理）、garbage collector（垃圾收集员）近义词：trash, refuse, wastelamb：词性：名词中文意思：羔羊，小羊肉英文释义：a young sheep that has not yet been castrated词源：来自古英语lambe，意为“小羊”例句：We had roasted lamb for dinner last night.固定搭配：lamb chops（羊排）、lamb stew（炖羊肉）近义词：sheep, ewe's offspringkebab：词性：名词中文意思：烤肉串，烤羊肉串英文释义：a dish consisting of pieces of meat or vegetables skewered and grilled over an open fire or barbecue词源：来自土耳其语kebab，意为“烤肉串”例句：I ordered a kebab from the street vendor.固定搭配：chicken kebab（鸡肉串）、shish kebab（什锦烤肉串）近义词：kabob, shish kabob, gyrogarlic：词性：名词中文意思：大蒜，蒜头英文释义：a bulbous plant with a strongsmelling white fleshy root used in cooking and medicine 词源：来自拉丁语garlic，意为“蒜”例句：I love adding garlic to my pasta dishes.固定搭配：garlic bread（蒜蓉面包）、garlic sauce（蒜泥酱）近义词：bulb, garlic clovesestimate：词性：动词/名词中文意思：估计，估价英文释义：to form an approximate opinion or calculation of (something)；a rough calculation or approximation词源：来自拉丁语estimare，意为“评估”例句：I estimated that it would take me two hours to finish the task.固定搭配：estimate cost（估算成本）、estimate time（估计时间）近义词：assess, evaluate, gaugemigratory：词性：形容词中文意思：迁移的，迁徙的英文释义：of or relating to migration词源：来自拉丁语migrare，意为“移动”例句：Many birds are migratory and travel long distances every year.固定搭配：migratory bird（候鸟）、migratory pattern（迁徙模式）近义词：nomadic, wandering, itinerantappreciate：词性：动词中文意思：欣赏，感激，增值英文释义：to recognize the quality, value, or significance of; to increase in value or price词源：来自拉丁语appretiare，意为“珍视”例句：I appreciate your help with this project.固定搭配：appreciate art（欣赏艺术）、appreciate music（欣赏音乐）近义词：value, admire, cherishcrucial：词性：形容词中文意思：关键的，重要的英文释义：extremely important, decisive, or critical词源：来自中古英语crucialen，意为“决定性的”例句：Your cooperation is crucial to the success of this project.固定搭配：crucial decision（关键决策）、crucial moment（关键时刻）近义词：critical, essential, vitalrestrict：词性：动词中文意思：限制，约束英文释义：to limit the freedom, movement, or activity of; to impose a restriction on词源：来自拉丁语restrictus，意为“被束缚的”例句：The new policy restricts access to certain areas of the building.固定搭配：restrict access（限制进入）、restrict movement（限制行动）近义词：limit, confine, restrainhiker：词性：名词中文意思：徒步旅行者，远足者英文释义：a person who hikes, especially one who hikes for pleasure or exercise词源：来自美国英语，由动词hike 衍生而来，意为“徒步旅行”例句：The hiker reached the summit after a long and strenuous climb.固定搭配：day hiker（日间徒步旅行者）、backpacker hiker（背包客徒步旅行者）optimistic：词性：形容词中文意思：乐观的，积极的英文释义：having or showing a belief that good things will happen in the future; hopeful 词源：来自拉丁语optimus，意为“最好的”例句：She is optimistic about her chances of getting the job.固定搭配：optimistic attitude（乐观的态度）、optimistic outlook（乐观的前景）近义词：hopeful, positive, confidentclay：词性：名词中文意思：黏土，泥土英文释义：a plastic earthy material that can be molded when wet and hardens when dry词源：来自古英语clǣg，意为“黏土”例句：The potter used clay to make a vase.固定搭配：clay soil（黏土土壤）、clay sculpture（黏土雕塑）近义词：earth, mud, dirtcave：词性：名词/动词中文意思：洞穴，坍塌英文释义：a natural underground chamber or space；to collapse or fall inward suddenly词源：来自拉丁语cavea，意为“洞穴”例句：They explored the dark cave with flashlights. (名词) The roof of the tunnel began to cave in. (动词)固定搭配：cave system（洞穴系统）、cave painting（岩画）近义词：cavern, grotto, holeindoors：词性：副词中文意思：在室内，进屋里英文释义：inside a building or room词源：来自中古英语indoures，意为“在室内”例句：It's too cold outside, let's stay indoors.固定搭配：indoor activities（室内活动）、indoor sports（室内运动）近义词：indoor, inside, internallyconsumption：词性：名词中文意思：消费，消耗英文释义：the act of using up or consuming something, especially food or fuel词源：来自拉丁语consumptio，意为“消耗”例句：The consumption of energy has increased in recent years.固定搭配：consumption pattern（消费模式）、consumption tax（消费税）近义词：use, expenditure, depletionsupplement：词性：名词/动词中文意思：补充，增补品，附录英文释义：something added to plete what is lacking；an addition to a book or magazine that provides extra information or details词源：来自拉丁语supplementum，意为“增加”或“补充”例句：I take a vitamin supplement every day. (名词) We need to supplement our ine with a parttime job. (动词)固定搭配：supplementary material（补充材料）、supplemental insurance（附加保险）eliminate：词性：动词中文意思：消除，消灭英文释义：to get rid of something or someone pletely词源：来自拉丁语eliminare，意为“清除”例句：We need to eliminate all the errors in this report.固定搭配：eliminate poverty（消除贫困）、eliminate petition（消除竞争）近义词：remove, eradicate, abolishfirefighter：词性：名词中文意思：消防员英文释义：a person whose job is to put out fires and save lives词源：由fire 和fighter 组成，意为“与火战斗的人”例句：The firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the flames.固定搭配：firefighting equipment（消防设备）、firefighting team（消防队）近义词：fireman, rescuer, emergency responderblaze：词性：名词/动词中文意思：火焰，烈火；燃烧，闪耀英文释义：a large bright flame；to burn fiercely or brightly词源：来自古英语blǣsan，意为“燃烧”例句：The blaze from the fireplace warmed the room. (名词) The forest was blazing with autumn colors. (动词)固定搭配：forest blaze（森林大火）、bonfire blaze（篝火熊熊燃烧）近义词：flame, conflagration, bustionfierce：词性：形容词中文意思：凶猛的，猛烈的，强烈的英文释义：extremely violent, harsh, or strong; showing extreme anger or determination词源：来自拉丁语ferus，意为“野生的”或“狂野的”例句：The lion attacked with a fierce roar.固定搭配：fierce petition（激烈的竞争）、fierce storm（猛烈的风暴）近义词：savage, violent, intensereact：词性：动词中文意思：反应，回应，作出反应英文释义：to behave in a particular way because of something that has happened or been said 词源：来自拉丁语re "back" + actus "action"，意为“向后行动”或“做出反应”例句：She reacted angrily to the news.固定搭配：react quickly（迅速反应）、react negatively（负面反应）近义词：respond, answer, engagemonthly：词性：形容词/副词/名词中文意思：每月的，按月的；每月一次的；月刊英文释义：happening once every month; relating to or occurring once a month; a magazinepublished once a month词源：来自拉丁语mensis，意为“月份”例句：I receive a monthly salary. (形容词) She visits her grandmother monthly. (副词) I subscribe to a monthly magazine. (名词)advanced：词性：形容词中文意思：先进的，高级的英文释义：having developed or improved beyond the usual or ordinary level词源：来自拉丁语advenire，意为“到达”或“出现”例句：The pany has invested heavily in advanced technology.固定搭配：advanced degree（高等学位）、advanced weaponry（先进武器）近义词：sophisticated, plex, superiorwipe：词性：动词中文意思：擦，抹，清除英文释义：to clean or dry something by rubbing it with a cloth or one's hand词源：来自古英语wīpan，意为“擦拭”例句：She wiped the tears from her eyes.固定搭配：wipe out（消灭），wipe down（擦拭干净）近义词：clean, erase, removenuclear：词性：形容词/名词中文意思：核能的，原子核的；核武器的英文释义：relating to or involving atoms that have nuclei containing neutrons and protons; relating to or involving nuclear energy or weapons词源：来自拉丁语nuculeus，意为“小果子”或“核心”例句：The country is developing its nuclear power industry. (形容词) The threat of nuclear war is very real. (名词)固定搭配：nuclear energy（核能），nuclear weapons（核武器）近义词：atomic, radioactive, hydrogen bombterrifying：词性：形容词中文意思：令人恐惧的，可怕的英文释义：causing great fear or terror; extremely frightening or shocking词源：来自拉丁语terrere，意为“使害怕”或“使惊吓”例句：The terrifying storm caused widespread damage.固定搭配：terrifying experience（可怕的经历），terrifying speed（惊人的速度）近义词：frightening, alarming, dreadfulhostile：词性：形容词/名词中文意思：敌对的，敌意的；敌人，敌军英文释义：showing or feeling strong dislike or opposition; an enemy or opposing force词源：来自拉丁语hostilis，意为“敌人的”或“敌人的”例句：The hostile crowd shouted insults at the speaker. (形容词) The army launched a surprise attack on the hostile forces. (名词)固定搭配：hostile takeover（敌意收购），hostile environment（敌对环境）近义词：unfriendly, aggressive, antagonisticunmanned：词性：形容词/动词过去分词形式中文意思：无人的，无人驾驶的；未被占据的，无人居住的英文释义：not operated by a person; not occupied by people; not manned by people词源：来自中古英语unmænden，意为“无人的”或“非人类的”例句：The unmanned spacecraft traveled through space for months. (形容词) The abandoned house stood unmanned for years. (动词过去分词形式)spacecraft词性：名词中文意思：宇宙飞船英文释义：a vehicle designed for traveling in outer space词源：space（空间）+ craft（船，飞行器）例句：The spacecraft is scheduled to launch next month.固定搭配：manned spacecraft（载人宇宙飞船），unmanned spacecraft（无人宇宙飞船）近义词：spaceship, satelliteorbit词性：动词、名词中文意思：绕轨道运行；轨道英文释义：to move around (a planet or star) in a curved path; the curved path that an object moves in around a planet or star词源：来自拉丁语orbita，意为“轨道”例句：The moon orbits around the earth.固定搭配：orbital mechanics（轨道力学），orbital debris（轨道碎片）近义词：circular motion, trajectorystunning词性：形容词中文意思：令人惊叹的；极好的英文释义：extremely impressive or beautiful; extremely good词源：来自古英语stundian，意为“使震惊”例句：The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely stunning.固定搭配：stunning performance（出色的表演），stunning victory（惊人的胜利）近义词：astonishing, amazing, incredibleagency词性：名词中文意思：代理；机构；中介英文释义：an organization that provides a particular service or performs a particular function词源：来自拉丁语agens，意为“行动”例句：The travel agency arranged our trip to Europe.固定搭配：agency agreement（代理协议），government agency（政府机构）近义词：organization, bureau, officeconsist词性：动词中文意思：由…组成；包含；存在于英文释义：to be made up of; include; exist in词源：来自拉丁语constare，意为“站立”或“保持不变”例句：The team consists of six players.固定搭配：consist of（由…组成），consist with（符合，与…一致）近义词：prise, include, involveinfer词性：动词中文意思：推断；推论；推知英文释义：to conclude or deduce something from evidence or reasoning词源：来自拉丁语inferre，意为“带出，引出”例句：From his behavior, I can infer that he's not happy.expose词性：动词中文意思：暴露，揭露英文释义：to uncover or make known (something that is hidden or secret)词源：来自拉丁语expositus，意为“被摆出来的”例句：The journalist was accused of exposing state secrets.固定搭配：expose oneself to（使自己暴露于），expose a fraud（揭穿骗局）近义词：uncover, reveal, discloseastronaut词性：名词中文意思：宇航员英文释义：a person who travels in a spacecraft词源：由希腊语astron（星星）和拉丁语nautes（船员）组成例句：He dreamed of being an astronaut since he was a child.固定搭配：bee an astronaut（成为一名宇航员），train astronauts（训练宇航员）近义词：cosmonaut, spaceman, spacewomandust词性：名词、动词中文意思：灰尘，尘土；掸去…的灰尘英文释义：a fine powder consisting of tiny particles of earth, stone, etc.; to remove dust from (something) by brushing or shaking it off词源：来自古英语dust，意为“灰尘”例句：She dusted the furniture with a cloth.固定搭配：dust storm（沙尘暴），dust off（清理，整理），dust bunny（灰尘球）近义词：dirt, grime, pollencapsule词性：名词中文意思：胶囊；太空舱；简要说明英文释义：a small cylindrical container for holding medicine or other substances; a small spacecraft designed for carrying one or more people into orbit around the Earth or for landing on or taking off from a planet's surface; a brief statement or account that presents the main points of something词源：来自拉丁语capsula，意为“小容器”例句：She took two capsules of medicine before going to bed.固定搭配：space capsule（太空舱），sleeping capsule（睡眠舱），audio capsule（音频胶囊）近义词：pod, module, briefcaseexposure词性：名词中文意思：暴露；曝光；曝光时间英文释义：the state of being exposed to something; the action of making something known publicly; the amount of time during which a camera shutter is open and light is allowed to reach the film or sensor in a camera词源：来自中古英语exposure，意为“暴露”例句：The patient's exposure to radiation was minimal.固定搭配：exposure therapy（暴露疗法），sun exposure（阳光暴露），light exposure（光线暴露）近义词：disclosure, revelation, illuminationtrunk词性：名词中文意思：树干；行李箱；象鼻英文释义：the main stem of a tree; a large strong box with a handle for carrying clothes or other things; the long nose of an elephant used for grasping things词源：来自古英语trunk，意为“树干”或“箱子”例句：She packed her clothes in a trunk before leaving for vacation.。

外研版-七年级上册讲义-学生版-Module6

Module 6 A trip to the Zoo【新手目标】通过本关，你能够学会动物的分布及生活习性。

★★☆☆☆☆关卡1 Unit 1 Does it eat meat?【过关笔记】1 Listen and readGuide:Wele to Beijing Zoo.The zoo has many kinds of animals,such as bears,zebras,giraffes andpandas.They e from many different countries and they eat different food.Here are the lions.Tony:Do lions eat meat?Guide:Yes,they do.They eat other animals.They're dangerous!Linging:Ugh!And what about bears?Do they eat meat?Guide:Yes,they do,but they also eat plants.Tony:Look at this elephant.It's very tall.Does it eat meat?Guide:No,it doesn't.It eats plants.Linging:Do pandas eat plants?Guide:Sure.They love bamboo.Linging:Are there pandas here?They're my favourite animals.They're cute.Shall we go and see t hem?Guide:Yes,let's go.Can you see Lingling?Tony:She's in front of you!Guide:No,Lingling the panda!Linging:Which is Lingling the panda?Guide:She's the black and white animal over there.Look!There she is!Linging:That's very funny.Her name is Lingling too!Tony:Is there a panda called Tony...?【成长例题】用所给词的适当形式填空例题1 Are there any _________（wolf）in the forest（森林）？例题2 The tiger _________ (eat) meat.例题3 Does the monkey _________ (live) in China?例题4 Do you like _________ (swim) with me?例题5 Five _________ (thousand) people visit the zoo every month.【成长例题】按要求完成下列句子例题1 Where are you from？（变同义句）Where _________ you _________ _________?例题2 Mike es from America．（变同义句）Mike is _________ _________boy.例题3 People like pandas best．（变同义句）Pandas are _________ _________ animals.例题4 Does Lucy like India？（根据题意回答问句）_________, she _________. She likes China.例题5 She likes English and maths．（改为否定句）She _________ _________ English _________ maths.例题6 Li Ming likes to help others．（对画线部分提问）_________ _________Li Ming _________ to _________.例题7 The girl has to do some washing on Sundays．（改为一般疑问句）_________the girl _________ to do _________ washing on Sundays?例题8 It’s a European wolf．（变同义句）The wolf _________ _________ _________ .【过关练习】完成句子练习1音乐会上大约有三千人。

人教新目标七年级上册英语Unit6讲义及习题

人教新目标七年级上册英语Unit6讲义及习题批注：通过四格漫画的方式，让学生了解本单元最重要的单词like的用法，以及水果食物的表达，再让学生比照漫画中的句子，自己造出几个相似的例句，引入本单元的重点。

（建议20-25分钟）一、词汇Words1，like 喜欢【巧记提示】like(喜欢)→bike(自行车【经典例句】我喜欢茶甚于咖啡。

【考点聚焦】1)like后面常跟动词ing形式，即like doing sth.表示经常喜欢做某事，表示习惯性的爱好。

而like to do sth.通常表示一次性或临时性的、具体的喜好。

2)like 还可作介词，意思是“像……一样”。

【口语练习】What do you like to do after school?【活学活用】选择JimA. doesn’t like eatB. likes to eatingC. like eatingD. likes to eatKeys：D批注：通过例句让学生掌握单词的用法，尤其是重点考点的讲解，通过口语练习以及活学活用，让学生进一步巩固2，tomato n. 西红柿【经典例句】他们把西红柿称为“爱情果”。

【考点聚焦】复数形式是在后面加es。

【归纳】在英语中，以o结尾的可数名变复数分为两类：1）表示有生命意义的名词，加-es：negro黑人，hero英雄，potato土豆，tomato西红柿【巧记】：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。

2）表示无生命意义的名词，加-s：photo相片，radio录音机，piano钢琴，zoo动物园等。

【口语练习】Do you like tomato?【活学活用】用tomato的适当形式填空I like eggs, but I don’t like these.Keys：tomato, tomatoes批注：通过例句让学生掌握单词的用法，尤其是重点考点的讲解，通过口语练习以及活学活用，让学生进一步巩固3，orange n.橘子，橙子【经典例句】Here is a 这儿有一箱橙子。

Unit-6-How-America-Lives-讲义

Unit 6 How America LivesLearning Objectives●Expositive writing developed by facts●Key language & grammar points●Writing strategies: deductive method, topic sentence●The survival of the American systemSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Picture ActivationCan you specify typical Americans?II. Pre- reading Questions1. With the ever-increasing contact between the Chinese and American peoples, we are getting to know each other better. Based on your communication with some Americans or your reading about that nation, what opinions do you hold about the American people?Open for discussion2. Chinese and Americans are two great peoples in the world. They have obvious similarities and differences. Make some comparison and contrast between them. Open for discussionSection Two Global ReadingI. Text IntroductionJames Albert Michener, in this text, shows readers changes of American society in: politics, courtship and marriage, feminist; and also the existence of three serious problems in: school education, jobs opportunities and welfare, and housing for the young.Despite these problems, the writer feels confident that America has good prospects. He feels proud of his motherland, of the great American people, and of the unique American democratic system.II. Culture Notes1. Puritanism (Paragraph 3)the practices and doctrines of the Puritans who were members of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship. The movement was an attempt to remove Roman Catholic influences from the Church of England.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure2. balanced system of government (Paragraph 8)The concept refers to the three branches of the United States government —the legislative, the executive, and the judicial — that restrain and stabilize one another through their separated functions. The legislative branch, represented by the Congress, must pass bills before they can become law. The executive branch —namely, the president —can veto bills passed by the Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law. In turn, by a two-thirds vote, the Congress can override the president's veto. The Supreme Court may invalidate acts of the Congress by declaring them contrary to the Constitution of the United States, but the Congress can change the Constitution through the amendment process.III. AuthorJames Albert Michener(1907-1997), American writer, became known for the voluminous research he incorporates and makes accessible and interesting in his writings. His books typically provide a detailed discussion of the history and geography of specific regions. His wide ranging writing career began when his experiences during World War II provided the material for a book of short stories, Tales of the South Pacific (1947); for which he received the 1984 Pulitzer Prize in fiction.His other works include Sayonara (1954); Hawaii (1959); Chesapeake (1978); The Covenant (1980); Poland (1982); Texas (1985); and Alaska (1988); The Novel (1991); Recessional (1994); A Miracle in Seville (1995); The Bridge at Andau (1957); Iberia: Spanish Travels and Reflections (1968); A Michener Miscellany: 1950-1970 (1973); Michener's memoir, The World Is My Home (1992).IV. Structural AnalysisPart I(1) reality: Americans still follow many of the old ways, similarities thandifferences.Part II(2-4) major changes in American societyPart III(5-7) main problems in American societyPart IV(8-9) explains why America has good prospects and why the American system has survived and should survive.Section Three Detailed ReadingHOW AMERICA LIVESJames Albert Michener1. Americans still follow many of the old ways. In a time of rapid change it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to. Young people still get married (2.41million couples last year as opposed to only 1.52 million in 1960). Of course, many do get divorced, but they remarry at astonishing rates. They have children, but fewer than before. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They are willing to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries. In fact, when you compare the America of today with that of 1950, the similarities are far greater than the differences.2. Americans seem to be growing conservative. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on, as cautious people often do after a binge. We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation.3. Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky young kids can survive almost anything, many in my generation suffered grievously. Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it's been difficult for some families to handle the changes.4. American women are changing the rules. Thirty years ago I could not have imagineda group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against. Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget. But they are doing this— and with the support of many men who recognize the justice of their claims. At work, at play, at all levels of living women are suggesting new rules.5. America is worried about its schools. If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements. But I would doubt that the child would get any better education than I did in my good public school. The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate.Detailed Reading6. Some Americans must live on welfare. Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs. When I think of a typical welfare recipient I think of a young neighbor woman whose husband was killed in a tragic accident, leaving her with three young children. In the bad old days she might have known destitution, but with family assistance she was able to hold her children together and produced three fine, tax-paying citizens. I like that kind of social assistance and am willing to support it. America is essentially a compassionate society.7. America cannot find housing for its young families. I consider this the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop. For more than a decade, travelers like me have been aware that in countries like Sweden, Denmark, Russia and India young people have found it almost impossible to acquire homes. In Sweden the customary wait was11 years of marriage, and we used to ask, "what went wrong?" It seemed to us thata major responsibility of any nation would be to provide homes for its young people starting their families. Well, this dreadful social sickness has now overtaken the United States, and for the same reasons. The builders in our society find it profitable to erect three-bathroom homes that sell for $220,000 with a mortgage at 19 percent but find it impossible to erect small homes for young marrieds. For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected.8. Our prospects are still good. I find our chances to be at least as good as those of any other nation and probably better. We have a physical setting of remarkable integrity, the world's best agriculture, a splendid wealth of minerals, great rivers for irrigation and an unsurpassed system of roads for transportation. We also have a magnificent mixture of peoples from all the continents with varied traditions and strengths. But most of all, we have a unique and balanced system of government.9. I think of America as having the oldest form of government on earth, because since we started our present democracy in 1789, every other nation has sufferedeither parliamentary change or revolutionary change. It is our system that has survived and should survive, giving the maximum number of people a maximum chance for happiness.I. AnalysisParagraph 1 AnalysisThe first paragraph is the introductory part of the essay. It mentions and illustrates the main idea that Americans still follow many of the old ways though differences are obvious in American life. The last sentence tells us that a comparison of the America of today with that of 1950 shows that there are more similarities than differences.Detailed ReadingParagraph 2-4 AnalysisThese three paragraphs, the second part of the essay, tell us about the major changes that have taken place and that are occurring in American life. From these paragraphs we get to know that Americans are growing conservative, that they have changed their patterns of courtship and marriage, enjoying much more freedom in these two aspects, and that American women are changing the old rules and suggesting new rules. After reading these three paragraphs, we can also have a clear idea of the writer's attitude towards these changes in American life. Obviously, he fully supports and welcomes them.Paragraph 5-7 Analys isThese three paragraphs, the third part of the essay, point out the main problems in American society: American schools are not as good as before; Americans who cannot find jobs do not get sufficient welfare; America shows itself impotent to house its young people. From these paragraphs, we can also see the writer's opinions of these problems.Paragraph 8-9 AnalysisThese two paragraphs, the concluding part of the essay, draw our attention to the writer's opinions of the nation's prospects and its system. It is worth noting that the writer provides good reasons for his opinions. From the conclusion, we can also get to know that the writer feels proud of his motherland and thinks highly of the American people and particularly the American system.II. Questions for ParagraphsParagraph 1: Questions1. Which sentences in this part show the main similarities and differences between American life in the present and that in the past?The following sentences show the main similarities and differences. "Young people still get married (2.41million couples last year as opposed to only 1.52 million in 1960). Of course, many do get divorced, but they remarry at astonishing rates. They have children, but fewer than before. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They are willing to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries."2. In what ways are Americans generous?They are always ready to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries.Paragraph 2-4: Questions1. According to this part, what major changes have taken place or are taking place in American society? Give an account of them.First of all, Americans are growing conservative in terms of their political and social attitudes. In the 1960s and 1970s, Americans broke out of old restraints. But the 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. Since the beginning of the 1980s, Americans have become more conservative.Secondly, patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. When the author was a child, there prevailed an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and many people in his generation suffered grievously.Now people enjoy much more freedom in terms of courtship and marriage. Thirdly, American women, who are no longer discriminated against, are changing the old rules. For example, they are bold enough to sue a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which has been denied them. And women in universities are courageous enough to go up to the men who run the athletic programs and demand a just share of the physical education budget. All this was unimaginable in the past. Nowadays, at work, at play, at all levels of life, women are suggesting new rules.2. Pick out the sentences that indicate the writer's positive attitude towards the changes.1) "We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation." This sentence implies that the writer welcomes changes towards the traditional values and beliefs. 2) "Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today" This sentence tells us that the writer warmly welcomes the freer patterns of courtship and marriage in contemporary American life. 3) “demanding a just share of the physical education budge t. But they are doing this —and with the support of many men who recognize the justice of their claims. From his use of "a just share" and "the justice of their claims", we can infer that the writer fully supports American women who are changing the rules.Paragraph 5: QuestionWhat does the writer think of American schools?James Albert Michener thinks that American schools are not as good as they once were. According to him, public schools are not very safe, they are not very strict with their pupils, and they do not set rigorous academic demands on them. In his opinion, good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and private schools do not provide satisfactory education, either, though they are better than public schools.Paragraph 6: QuestionDoes the writer applaud social assistance to the poor and the jobless? Support your answer by quoting the relevant sentences.Yes, he does. Clearly, he strongly advocates that social assistance be further promoted in America, which can be seen from the following sentences: "Some Americans must live on welfare. Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs? I like that kind of social assistance and am willing to support it."Paragraph 7: Questions1. Why cannot America find accommodation for its young married couples?Because the builders find it profitable to erect three-bathroom homes that sell for $220,000 with a mortgage at 19 percent, but they find it impossible to erect small homes for young married couples. In other words, the builders in American society do not want to build small homes for young married people because the building of small homes is less profitable.2. What is the writer's attitude towards the young people's housing problem in America?The writer considers the housing problem the young Americans are faced with to be the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and he is appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop. In his opinion, for a great nation like America to show itself impotent to house its young people means that it admits a failure that must be corrected.Paragraph 8: QuestionWhy does the writer say that America has good prospects despite its problems?He believes that America has chances that are at least as good as those of any other nation and probably better, and that Americans have a physical setting of remarkable integrity, the world's best agriculture, a splendid wealth of minerals, great rivers for irrigation and an unsurpassed system of roads for transportation. America boasts a magnificent blend of peoples from all the continents with varied traditions and strengths, and that most of all, America has a unique and balancedsystem of government.Paragraph 9: QuestionWhy has the American system survived and why should it survive?Because, according to the writer, the American system of government is a truly democratic system; it has not experienced either parliamentary change or revolutionary change; moreover, it offers the maximum number of people a maximum chance for happiness.III. Language Work of ParagraphsParagraph 1“In a time of rapid change it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to.”Paraphrase: In a time of quick transformation it is necessary for us to remember how many of the old ways we still adhere to.cling (on) to sb. or sth.: to hold on tightly to sb. or sth.; be unwilling to abandon it or refuse to give it up; become attached to it or stick to ite.g. The rescuers saw the survivors clinging to a raft.She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Don't cling to the curb when you are driving.“They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want thei r children to have religious instruction.”Paraphrase:They belong to particular groups of Christians, even though they attend religious services a bit less often, and they want their children to receive religious instruction.Paragraph 2“Americans seem to be growing conservative.”Paraphrase: Americans seem to be increasingly opposed to great or sudden changes. conservative adj. in favor of preserving the status quo and traditional values and customs, and against abrupt changese.g. He made a conservative guess of the floating population in Shanghai.Is it true that old people are usually more conservative than the young?“The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned.”Paraphrase: The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, indicated a definite change to the right in terms of the voters' political and social attitudes.the Senate: the upper house of the law-making assembly in some countries, e.g. France, the USA, and Australiathe House of Representatives: the assembly of elected representatives in the central government of the USA, Australia and New Zealand“It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on, as cautious people often do after a binge.”Paraphrase: It seems as though during the 1960s and 1970s we Americans made bold efforts to escape from old restrictions and now intend to put an end to it, just as cautious people often do after excessive indulgence.jealously adv. watchfully, carefullye.g. The publishing house is jealously protective of the copyright of all its books.restraint n. restriction, sth. that checks or controlse.g. I sharply feel the restraints of a limited income on the family budget.They imposed restraints on wage settlements.brake n. a device for reducing the speed of or stopping a car, bicycle, train, etc.; (fig.) restraint on sth.e.g. His brakes failed on a steep hill.The Government is determined to put a brake on public spending.Ignorance acts as a brake to progress.binge n. (infml) time of wild eating and drinking; excessive indulgence in anythinge.g. He went on a three-day binge.Business slowed down after a week-long shopping binge.“We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation.”Paraphrase: We hope and feel confident that traditional family values will be reaffirmed and pornography rigorously restricted, that those who have abandoned religion will come back to it, and that some kinds of social legislation will be turned down.reaffirmation n. an act of stating sth. positively againe.g. His reaffirmation of loyalty impressed the Queen.His reaffirmation that he was ready to help touched our hearts.The government's reaffirmation of its principles caused strong responsesfrom all the developing countries.pornography n. describing or showing sexual acts in order to arouse sexual desires; books, films, plays, etc. that do this.e.g. Many people strongly believe that pornography is dehumanizing.The government launched a prohibition campaign against pornography. legislation n. action of making laws; the laws made.e.g. Legislation will be difficult and take time.Legislation is essential in every country.The major function of Congress is legislation.Paragraph 3“Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically.”Paraphrase: People have thoroughly changed the ways in which they date and marry. pattern n. the way in which sth. happens, moves, develops or is arranged; excellent examplee.g. Such behavior patterns are not to be imitated.These sentences have the same grammatical pattern.The company's profit-sharing scheme set a pattern for others.courtship n. spending time together with a view to marriage; the period of romantic relationship before marriagee.g. They married after a brief courtship.Their long courtship ended in failure.“Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky young kids can survive almost anything, many in my generation suffered grievously.”Paraphrase: With regard to sex, I was brought up in an environment where suspicion, repression and Puritanism dominated. Although stoutly-built young people can endure almost anything, many people in my generation had awful experiences.repression n. restraining or suppressing; being restrained or suppressed; action of forcing desires and urges, esp. those in conflict with accepted standards of conduct, into the unconscious mind, often resulting in abnormal behaviore.g. His childhood was characterized by repression and solitude.They held a discussion about unhealthy sexual repression.Puritanism n. practices and beliefs of a Puritan, a person who is extremely strict in morals and who tends to regard pleasure as sinfule.g. Puritans strictly practice Puritanism.Puritanism is not very popular nowadays.husky adj. big and strong; dry in the throat, sounding slightly hoarsee.g. Those basketball players are all husky young men.Our teacher is still a bit husky after his bad cold.“Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it's being difficult for some families to hand le the changes.” Paraphrase: I fully praise or approve of the less rigid patterns of courtship and marriage today, despite the fact that, in my opinion, some families are finding it very hard to cope with these changes.Paragraph 3“Thirty years ago I could not have imagined a group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against.”Paraphrase:Thirty years ago, it would be simply unimaginable that a contingent of women employees should sue a major company for millions of dollars of salary which was their due but was denied them by the corporation just because they were the "weaker sex".sue vt. make a legal claim (against sb.)e.g. The boss was sued for breaching the contract.The man is suing for a divorce.allege vt. state sth. as a fact without proof; give sth. as an argument or excusee.g. The prisoner alleged that he was at home on the night of the crime.He alleged illness as the reason for his absence.“Nor could I have imagined women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget.” Paraphrase: Nor could I have accepted the fact that university women should go up to the men in charge of the sports plans, and ask for an equal share of the amount of money allotted for their physical education.athletic adj. of athletes or athletics; physically strong, healthy and activee.g. He often goes to an athletic club.He has an athletic figure.She looks very athletic.budget n. an estimate or plan of how money will be spent over a period of time, in relation to the amount of money available; amount of money needed or allotted for a specific purposee.g. I could not go to the restaurant with you because of my tight budget.She limits herself to a daily budget of ten pounds.A family on a budget cannot afford meat every day.“who recognize the justice of their claims”Paraphrase: who admit that their claims are justified.Paragraph 3“If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements.”Paraphrase: Should I have a child of school age today, I would have him or her receive education at a private school, where security for kids is guaranteed, discipline is enforced, and strict scholastic expectations are placed on them.Note:It is necessary to note that this sentence is in the subjunctive mood. The sentence tells us indirectly that American private schools are safe, they impose strict discipline on their pupils, and that they set rigorous academic demands on them. Therefore, we readers could naturally come to the conclusion that American public schools are not very safe, they do not impose strict discipline, and that they have no rigorous academic requirements.rigorous adj. very strict; strictly accurate or detailede.g. She did not receive any rigorous training in athletics, but she gota prize at the sports meet.You must make a rigorous analysis of the text before you can translate it well.“B ut I would doubt that the child would get any better education than I did in my good public school.”ExplanationThis sentence implies that the author is more than certain that even private schools in America today do not provide any better education than the good public school where he received education. In other words, the author believes that even private schools in America today cannot be compared with good public schools in the past in terms of the education quality.“The problem is that good publ ic schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate.” Paraphrase: The problem is that nowadays good public schools are becoming fewer and fewer, and I would not run the risk of sending my kids to one of them. inadequate adj. not sufficient or enough; not good enough for a particular purpose; not sufficiently able or confident to deal with a difficult situatione.g. These security precautions are totally inadequate in face of terrorism.The war refugees have inadequate supplies.She felt inadequate when faced with so tough a task.Paragraph 6“Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs.”Paraphrase: As it seems quite clear that only a certain proportion of all the available workers are needed to produce sufficient food and goods, etc. to meet the needs of all the American people, some kind of social welfare assistance must be provided for those who are not able to find any jobs.dole sth. out: distribute (esp. food, money, etc.) in small amountse.g. Allowances are grudgingly doled out to the elderly.The donated money was doled out to the tsunami-stricken victims.。