2009年在职申请硕士学位英语考试大纲
2009年版本
修订意见扉页：湖南、广东、安徽、云南等省学位英语考试命题研究专家联手打造主编：朱献珑付臻副主编：缪佳明皓郑召关曾成栋编者：（按姓氏笔画）付臻龙晓翔邓正君朱献珑刘慧云刘葭李永芳李巍李海军何佩兰阮丽飞杜鹃张益家明皓武俊辉郑召关赵艳赵红辉夏竟成夏令时曹志艳曾成栋彭娟彭先成谢宝霞熊静玲缪佳颜方明主审：范武邱吴迪龙Ronald Riley（美籍）前言1. 第2行：将“从2005年6月起在全国部分省份进行联考。
”改为“从2005年6月起陆续在湖南（2005年6月）、广东（2005年6月）、云南（2006年6月）、安徽（2006年11月）等省份进行联考。
2. 第3段“2005—2007”及倒数第2段“2005-2008”改为“2005-2009”3. 最后段：将“湖南机电职业技术学院”改为“云南师范大学、云南民族学院、山东省经济管理干部学院”；将“湖南文理学院”改为“华东师范大学”；去掉“华南农业大学”。
4. 将“2008年8月”改为“2009年8月”封底最后一段:将“湖南机电职业技术学院”改为“云南师范大学”下篇撤销全真模拟测试6、7两套试题及答案精解。
附录助考增补2008年11月及2009年6月两套试题及答案精解。
前言介绍做相应变动。
2008年11月成人高等教育学士学位外语水平考试试题Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D .Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Reese：Remember you have got to show them how easy-going you are.Kent: Thanks. _________A. You did me a favor.B. You say it.C. I will keep that in mind.D. I hope so.2. Terri:Derrick, don’t you think you should take a vacation? Even one or two days would befine.Derrick：____________________ There’s too much work.A .I think so. B. No way. C. Count on me. D. You don’t know.3. Speaker A :Hi John ,I’ve got a very good job offer.Speaker B: ____________________A. Congratulations!B. No wonder!C. Are you trying to impress me ?D. You care too much about it.4. Janet: It is the kind of day when you want to go outside.Bob: Janet, ________________ Do you want the afternoon off?A let’s get to the point. B. fine weather outside. C. let’s do it. D. if you say so.5. John : Would you like to go out to dinner or to a movie?Karen: Either one , ____ I just want to get out of the house.A. it’s a great idea. B it’s up to you. C. if you like it. D. if you wish.6. Roger：Hi, Kelly! What ‘s up ?Kelly : ______________ Same old thing.A. Nothing up.B. Nothing new.C. Everything’s OK.D. Everything’s the same.7. Mr. Cody: I was very sorry to hear about your father’s illness, please give my regards to him. Ms. Cobb: Thank you . ___________.A. He would be happy to meet you.B. He had a very bad cold.C. I’ll talk to him.D. I appreciate your concern.8. Bob: Henry, I’d like you to meet my friend, Lee Jones. Lee, this is Henry Fields, an old friend from college.Henry : Hi, Lee. ___________A. Nice seeing you.B. Good to be with you.C. Nice to meet you.D. Glad you are here.9. Receptionist: Colson Company.Jim: _________ May I speak to Tom Wang ,please ?A. Hi, there.B. Hello, Miss.C. Good afternoon.D. This is Jim Welch.10. Speaker A: I’m tired .Maybe we can finish it tomorrow.Speaker B: _________ We could do it first thing tomorrow morning.A. Why not !B. Can we ?C. You sure?D. Shall we ?11. Mary: I’m dying to see the game! Thanks for the invitation.Richard: ___________A. I’m glad you like it.B. I know it’ll be good.C. It’s my pleasure.D. It’s great .12. Curtis: Who do you think is the murderer in this story?Greg: I think it’s Mr. Johnson, because he was in the house at the time of the murder.Curtis: No,________A. you never know.B. but you may be mistaken.C. but you are on the right track.D. I don’t know either.13. Henry: Well, I arranged with Bob and Chris to meet me here for a drink, but ______Tom: They are probably held up by the traffic.A. I wonder what it isB. they came late.C. neither of them has turned up.D. you can never tell.14. Speaker A: Excuse me .Can you take pictures for us, please?Speaker B: Oh, I’m sorry. I have to go.Speaker A: ________A. That’s OK.B. Thank you.C. Yes, please.D. Don’t worry .15. Burt: I just had an interview yesterday.Raelene: ________Burt: I think I did well.A. Oh, it was alright.B. Well, so what ?C. Oh ,how did it go ?D. Well ,wish you good luck .PART II Reading Comprehension (40 points )Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneIn 1977 Irene Pepperberg, a recent graduate of Harvard University, did something very bold. She set out to find what was on another creature’s mind by talking to it .She brought a one- year-old African gray parrot(鹦鹉) she named Alex into her lab to teach him to reproduce the sounds of the English language. Pepperberg bought Alex in a Chicago pet store. She let the store’s assistant pick him out because she didn’t want other scientists saying later that she ‘d intentionally chosen an especially smart birds for her work .Given that Alex ‘s brain was the size a shelled walnut (胡桃) ,most researcher thought Pepperberg’s interspecies communication study would fail .When Pepperberg began her dialogue with Alex, who died last September at the age of 31, many scientists believed animals were incapable of any thought. But Pepperberg said: “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.” Of course she couldn’t ask him what he was thinking about, but she could ask him about his knowledge of numbers, shapes and colors. To demonstrate, Pepperberg took a green key and a small green cup .She held up the two items to Alex’s eye.“What’s same?” she asked.Without hesitation, Alex said: “ Co-lor.”“What’s different?” Pepperberg asked.“Shape,” Alex said .His voice had the digitized sound of a cartoon character .But the words -and what can only be called the thought-were entirely his.And, then, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his bird’s brain, Alex spoke up. “Talk clearly!”he commanded , when one of the younger birds Peeperberg was also teaching mis- pronounced the word “green”.“They need to be able to distinguish colors to know when a fruit is ripe or unripe,”Pepperberg noted. “They need to know the shapes of their enemies. And it helps to have a concept of numbers if they need to keep track of their flock. For a long-lived bird, it can’t do all of this instinct; cognition must be involved.”16. It can be learned from Paragraph I that Alex was ____.A. a smart bird B .an ordinary birdC. the size of a walnutD. good at imitation17. At the beginning, how did many scientists view Peppeberg’s work?A .It would reveal a creature’s mind.B. It would probably end in failure.C. It would be hard to judge its value.D. It would be a long-term project.18. Pepperberg’s work with Alex was intended to prove that animals ______.A. do have thoughtsB. can learn to speakC. can become man’s friendsD. do live long lives19. The word “cognition” in the last paragraph refers to ______.A. conceptB. thinkingC. instinctD. distinction20 .The passage focuses on ____________.A .why Pepperberg decided to carry out the experimentB. how Pepperberg proved her theory about animals thoughtsC .the new way of communication Pepperberg proposedD. the problems that Pepperberg faced in the experimentPassage TwoThink of the smile that appears on your child’s face when he’s enjoying an ice cream. It is the moment and feeling we all want to preserve. But once the last drip is licked, what happens to that happy feeling? Does it just go away? Or it is something deeper inside? Are we “born”happy? What is happiness anyway?The study of happiness is a growing field and it’s loaded with questions, especially for parents of young children. We all want our kids to grow up to be happy adults-that much is clear. W hat’s often not clear, however, is how to give our children the gift of lasting happiness. We show them with nice things, praise them to the hills, and let a hand when they struggle. Those external motivators are okay from time to time, but the results last about as long as an ice cream. To raise a child who knows how to maintain joy throughout his life takes a different approach-one that depends on the development of certain inner qualities, including optimism, trust, respect, joy, anda sense of playful enthusiasm.What is happiness? I have two favorite definitions. The first is the general feeling that life is going well. A happy person is cheerful and optimistic, and feels as if he is connected to those around him .The second definition is simple yet meaningful. Happiness is the capacity to enjoy what you have, rather than always wanting what you don’t have.So are we born happy? Or must we ‘pursue” happiness? It turns out to be a little of both .All children begin life with a tremendous potential to be happy through out their lives .But happiness, unlike eye color, is not something that is guaranteed to last, so as a parent you can and should playa role in helping your child create the habits that lead to joyful living .21. The example of the ice cream is used to ______A. illustrate why a child is happyB. show how happiness can lastC. introduce a discussion of happinessD. propose an approach to the study of happiness22. According to the author, most of the time we don’t know ___________.A. what happiness isB. how to take care of kidsC.what brings happiness to usD. how to give our kids lasting happiness23. Lending a hand to a child when he is struggling can make him feel __________.A. helpfulB. being lovedC. being respectedD. happy only for a while24. According to the passage , which of the following statement is true?A. People can know happiness at any age.B. A happy person lives a successful life.C. Enjoying what you have can make you happy.D. Parents want to pursue the study of happiness.25. Happiness is contrasted with eye color because happiness _________.A. does not have a colorB. is not physicalC. cannot be seenD. may not lastPassage ThreeThe Mayan(玛雅) Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s.The Maya were an intelligent, culturally rich people whose achievement were many .They had farms, beautiful palaces and cities with many buildings .the Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them .This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding. Knowledge about tools and farming, for instance, made their work easier and more productive.The Maya believed in many gods, including rain gods, sun gods, and corn gods. The people built large temples to honor them .Skillful workers built cities around these temples .It was difficult for them to construct these cities, because they had no horses to carry the heavy stones they used to build with .Workers had to carry all of the building materials themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.Usually, only the priests lived in the citied. The other people lived in small villages in the forests .Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate structures in the cities. They lived insmall huts with no windows .Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.Measuring time was important to the Maya, so the Mayan priests made a system to keep track of time, and they made a calendar in which the year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over. The Mayan calendar was far more accurate than the European calendars of the time.26. The Maya lived in Mexico __________.A. shortly before the Spanish arrivedB. long before the Spanish arrivedC. at the same time as the SpanishD. with the Spanish for thousands of years27. Many Mayan cities and temples _________.A. were constructed by the priestsB. were built with heavy stonesC. were rebuilt several timesD. were the miracles of god28. Most Mayan people lived in _____________.A. beautiful citiesB. simple hutsC. primitive cavesD. stone temples29. What can we learn about the Mayan calendar?A. It was based on the European calendars.B. It was better than European calendars.C. It was as accurate as European calendars.D. It was copied by European calendars.30. What is the main idea of this article?A. The Mayan calendar was excellent.B. The Maya were excellent farmers.C. The Maya were intelligent people.D. The MayaN cities were difficult to build.Passage FourPart-time jobs for American students are very popular but usually begin during their high school days .Besides working in fast food restaurants, a very popular job for a teenager is baby- sitting(临时照看小孩) .This has its greatest appeal among teenager girls and a good babysitter can earn quite a bit if she is reliable , responsible and mature.It is not necessarily an easy job and requires both social skills and general competence .A good babysitter should know how to how to change diapers（尿布）and earn the respect of the children she is watching .She must be able to get the children ready for bed and keep an eye on them even while they are sleeping. In addition, she should be able to handle any unexpected emergency with common sense and be calm at all times. She should know the emergency numbers of the hospital and police for situations which require assistance.Once the children are asleep the babysitter is free to watch TV or listen to music .If she really cares about her studies, she may well spend the time doing homework but should not tie up phone with personal calls just in case the parents want to be in contact with her.Another part-time job which is popular especially among young boys is managing a paperroute .The job also requires a sense of maturity and responsibility and can be a source of good income for a high school student .Young boys who run paper routes are required to get up early in the morning to deliver the daily news without considering the weather .This job has no holidays and require the newspaper to be delivered every day without exception.31. Babysitting has great attraction for teenager girls because __________.A. it is a popular part-time jobB. it is a respectable jobC. they can earn some moneyD. they can learn children skills32. According to the passage, a competent babysitter should be able to _______.A. amuse the babyB. calm down a crying childC. deal with unexpected situationsD. give the child assistance at any time33. While babysitting, a girl student should NOT _______.A. call the baby’s parentsB. make personal calls foe a long timeC. be allowed to watch TVD. think of her studies34. Concerning babysitting and managing a paper route, which of the following statement is true?A. Both call for daily service.B. Both call for a sense of responsibility.C. Neither is affected by bad weather.D. Neither is helpful to character development.35. This passage is intended to _________.A. discuss part-time jobs for students in generalB. encourage students to take up part-time jobsC. show the benefits of part-time jobs to students’ studiesD. praise boys and girls who work part timePART III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions : There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. The company can constantly monitor the level of heat and energy and adjust _____.A. accordinglyB. basicallyC. conventionallyD. subjectively37. To communicate ____________, both the content and the form of the message must be clear.A. ordinarilyB. pleasantlyC. relevantlyD. effectively38. I had to earn a lot of money ________ I could buy my children nice clothes and toys.A. more or lessB. so thatC. now thatD. sooner or later39. I want to________ my friendship with her even though I was hurt by her words.A. separateB. interruptC. maintainD. release40. The doctor recommends that those who have the illness take these pills to _______thesymptoms.A. combatB. worsenC. hideD. nurture41. We cannot ignore the ____of noise on people in the factories.A. effectB. resultC. volumeD. fact42. The lab ceased to exist as an independent drug research ______in January 2004.A. instanceB. insuranceC. instructionD. institution43. A ny applicant who had worked in this field would receive _______over those who had not.A. referenceB. inferenceC. preferenceD. conference44. Let’s stop shouting at each other and talk about this like two _____ people.A. sensitiveB. rationalC. exhaustedD. resourceful45. The process of learning is one of the most demanding and most ________ processes thateveryone can experience.A. revolvingB. rewardingC. respectfulD. resourceful46. They hope that a more practical solution can be ___.A. worked outB. dealt withC. cleared up C. left out47. As the newcomer did not follow the instructions properly, he ___ failure.A. ended up inB. came up withC. stood up toD. looked up to48.His decades of effort began to ___________, for his new breed of rice had become morepopular.A. pay offB. call offC. pull offD. lay off49. The one-year course is only to ________ the foundations of good technical training.A. lead toB. let downC. come toD. lay down50. The author assumes that his readers are________ the basic concepts.A. careful withB. careful toC. familiar withD. familiar to51. The man whose cart got __in the mud preyed to god for help instead of getting it out himself .A. engagedB. stuckC. markedD. plunged52.In 1986 the government announced it would ______the production of nuclear weaponsbecause of internal and external political pressure.A. boostB. beginC. resumeD. abandon53. The students become very _______to Minneapolis because they can buy a house after workingthere for several years.A. attractedB. attribute C attempted D. attended54. The instructor _____every member of the team to tough physical training.A. enduredB. experiencedC. submittedD. subjected55. The exciting work was good for me as it got my blood ________agreeably through my veins.A. circulating B floating C. hunting D. orbiting56. _____was reported yesterday, two buildings were caught on fire in the town.A. ItB. AsC. WhatD. That57. I expect _______some tough questions from both sidesA. there beB. there to beC .there being D. there been58. Judging from the fact that the other scouts haven’t arrived, they ______the bus.A might missB .could missC. must have missedD. should have missed59. I am reluctant to use the strategy ______ it serves a very clear purpose.A. whenB. unlessB. as long as D. as soon as60. If you ______a little longer at the party last night, you would have met the pop star.A. have stayedB. stayedC. had stayed D would have stayed61. Greenspan is aware of these problems, but he does n’t seem to believe there was any way hecould have done ______ about them.A .anything B. somethingC. nothingD. everything62. They cannot be brother, _______ they do not resemble each other at all.A . but B. stillC. forD. then63.__________you suspect something, I may as well tell you the whole truth.A. Since B UntilC AfterD While64._________ from the top of a mountain, the beautiful peak is a magic that captures his emotion.A. ViewingB. To viewC. ViewD. Viewed65. I am often asked whether I regret ________ my P.H.D. project.A no to finishB not have to finishC having not finishedD not having finishing66. I have never been to Italy, but that is the country _____________.A. where I most like to visitB. I’d most like to visitC. I like to visit it mostD. which I like to visit it67. The director ____ their representatives is to attend the conference.A. orB. andC. as well asD. rather than68. The statesman had a hard time _____his supporters to see the pointA. gettingB. gotC. having gotD. to get69. Little _____that I would one day take part in a war that would last for six years.A. I knewB. I knowC. would I knowD. did I know70. White smoke _______ 25-30 meters above the hill as they approached it.A. has been seen riseB. had been seen risingC. was seen riseD. was seen rising71. I remember _______the gloves on the sofa, but they are not there now.A. leaveB. to leaveC. leavingD. left72. He is determined to prove his innocence, _____________he has to go to the highest court ofthe country.A. even soB. even nowC. even asD. even if73. Jane said she would rather _______when she was working on the project.A. not to be disturbed B not being disturbedC. not be disturbedD. not been disturbed74. Using many symbols makes ___for us to take notes more quickly.A. possible it isB. it possibleC. it is possibleD. that possible75.The brain is capable of ignoring pain message if ______________to concentrate on otheractivities.A .allowing it B. it will allowC. allowed itD. it is allowedPart IV Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passag . For each numbered blank , there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Ok, say good-bye to the cables, plugs and chargers that mess up you room. Scientists have discovered a way of transmitting electric power 76________a room into a light bulb, mobile phone or computer-without wires or 77_________. The life changing invention from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is called “WiTricity”. In an experiment, researchers lit a 60-watt bulb from a power source more than two meters 78_______. The power transfer was more than enough to 79___a computer over a room-sized distance, they say. The invention 80___ coils of wire linked by a resonating(共振) magnetic field. The effect is 81_____ the transfer of energy that allows a singer to crack a wine glass. Magnetic fields interact only weakly with biological organisms, so transmitting electric power is safe for humans and 82_______. The concept 83__ WiTricity is not new .The American inventor Nikola Tesla conducted experiments more than a century 84______showing that he could use electromagnetic fields to transmit power. 85_____ this technique was inefficient and most of the power he tried to transmit leaked away.76. A .across B. along C. above D. about77. A. threads B. cables C. rope D. bunches78. A. off B. long C. far D. away79. A. serve B. view C. run D. carry80. A. lives on B. makes for C. relies on D. aims at81. A. prior to B. proportional to C. parallel to D. similar to82. A. children B. animals C. houses D. equipment83. A. on B. in C. around D. behind84. A. ago B.before C since D after85. A. but B so C. as D. andPart V Writing (15point)Directions: You are to write in 100-120 words about the title “let’s do more to save energy”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1在现在能源短缺的情况下，你认为我们应该采取哪些措施来节约能源？2请列举说明为什么。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题
2009年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题Paper OneDialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Man: Have you seen my glasses anywhere?Woman: No.________.Man: Yes. And I can't see a thing without them.A. Anything wrong?B. Can't you find them?C. Did you lose them?D. Can I help you?2. Speaker A: Hey, it's beautiful out today, isn't it?Speaker B: ________.A. Tomorrow will be the same as todayB. Yeah. I wish it would be like this everydayC. At least not as good as I expectedD. Really? It's different from the weather forecast3. Speaker A: I'm going home now. Do you need a ride?Speaker B: ________. I'm not done yet.A. No, thanksB. It's impossibleC. I'm glad toD. Thank you4. Woman: Concert or movie, what would you prefer?Man: ________. just want to get out of the house.A. That's OK with meB. That's a good ideaC. I really don't careD. There is no problem5. Speaker A: Could I speak to John, please?Speaker B: John? There's no one by that name here. I'm afraid you've got the wrong number.Speaker A: ________.A. Well, I'll try againB. OK, let me check againC. All fight, thank youD. Oh, sorry to have bothered youSection B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Man: Are you finished with school already?Woman: No. I have one more semester, but it would be great to have a job lined up.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She will line up to apply for a job.B. She hopes to get a job offer before graduation.C. She has already had a job offer.D. She'll look for a job soon after graduation.7. Man: Gosh! There seems to be no end to the work I have to do.Woman: I'm glad I'm not in your shoes.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She is unable to help the man.B. She is busier than the man.C. She is lucky not to work with the man.D. She is not as busy as the man. 8. Woman: Are you going to Hawaii on your vacation?Man: Not this year. I am broke.Woman: Oh! Come on.Question: How does the woman take the man's words?A. She thinks he's not serious.B. She feels sorry for the man.C. She is surprised.D. She is amused.9. Woman: Do you like the course we're taking?Man: It's beyond me.Question: What does the man mean?A. He doesn't want to answer the question.B. He doesn't like the course.C. He can't understand the course.D. He feels comfortable with the course.10. Man: Ben borrowed his father's car without permission, and then crashed it into the garage door.Woman: No wonder his father went up the wall.Question: What can we learn about Ben's father?A. He wouldn't forgive Ben.B. He was extremely angry.C. He was quite disappointed.D. He couldn't understand Ben.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes th e sentence. You’re your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Sunny Monday skies will _______ashield of clouds by sunset.A. give space toB. give place toC. give path toD. give way to12. Eating regular meals is________ important for health.A. vividlyB. vitallyC. visuallyD. visibly13. A new electronic announcement system has been introduced in the taxis to________passengers not to forget their luggage.A. informB. wareC. alertD. remind14. Consumer________ n food products has been shaken by several recent scandals.A. beliefB. trustC. confidenceD. assurance15. Such a proposal must have been put forward by people with limited________.A. overviewB. overlookC. outlineD. outlook16. Fighting corruption involves tackling those who offer__________ as well as those who take them.A. contributionsB. donationsC. bribesD. bonuses17. In a _________of inspiration, I decided to paint the whole house white.A. flameB. flightC. flavorD. flash18. Unlike other leaders who put all blames on others, he took responsibility and resigned __________.A. gracefullyB. faithfullyC. mysteriouslyD. reluctantly19. This report is ________ with an article written by the same author.A. similarB. sameC. identicalD. alike20. Traditional publishing will be _______ dramatically in the next 5 to 10 years.A. cut awayB. cut downC. cut backD. cut off21. I'll contact my office in London straight away and________ to you.A. have been faxing the contractB. have the contract faxC. have faxed the contractD. have the contract faxed22. Caroline has never ever broken her promise,_________.A. neither had IB. never will IC. not would ID. nor have I23. Weather________ , we'll go for a walk in the woods tomorrow.A. to permitB. permittedC. permittingD. permits24. If she _______ here next week, we would know her decision.A. will beB. were to beC. would have beenD. is to be25. The problem is that they are unable to communicate effectively in the language _______public services are offered.A. in whichB. for whichC. by whichD. of which26. Many dreams ________seem impossible, then improbable, and eventually inevitable.A. at firstB. firstC. firstlyD. first of all27. If you are going to interview someone you _______ know something about them.A. should as wellB. might as wellC. had ratherD. would rather28. Joe _______ away for the last two days but he is due back tomorrow.A. isB. has beenC. wentD. has gone29. __________ 40 years ago, the book continues to be marketed, mass -- produced, and challenged.A. Being writtenB. As writtenC. It was writtenD. Though written30. Born Sept. 11, 1907, in Boston, Alice Lillian Ellis was _______ of nine children.A. the third oldestB. the third oldC. the third olderD. the oldest thirdPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose th ebest one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the content.Passage OneIs the customer always right? The answer, it seems, depends on which country you are in.Shopping is very much a part of a country's culture, and attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or taste in food. From the air-conditioned American shopping centers to the street market of African towns, the way we shop shows the way we see ourselves and our relationships with other people.Business competition in Europe has given consumers increased power. This has meant falling prices, plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means.People often point to America as an example of excellent customer service. In restaurants in the south of the USA, for example, waiters compliment you on your clothes, ask about your day, compliment you on the wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction.Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in a restaurant might well dream of such attention, but do Europeans really want US style service? As a friend of mine once told me, "By the end of the evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife." It is a question of expectations. Different nationalities expect different types of service.A Chinese-American friend loves telling people about how her Chinese mother shops for clothes: "First of all she waits until they are on sale, then she bargains until she gets an even better price and then she finds some small fault with the product and demands a further reduction.She never buys anything at the regular price." Could you imagine trying such tricks in a department store in your country?Attitudes to service are, of course, affected by employers' attitudes to their workers. As American sales and service personnel are heavily reliant on commission and tips, they have more motives to provide more service. But is this fair? Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings, Sundays and 12 hour shifts? It might not be a case of "Is the customer always tight?" but a case of "How much service is it fair to expect?"31. The way people shop ________A. reflects the developmental stage of a countryB. carries social and cultural valuesC. determines the way they socializeD. reveals their social status32. The word "compliment" in Paragrap h 2 is closest in meaning to “_________”A. evaluateB. criticizeC. praiseD. laugh at33. The remarks of the author's friend in Paragraph 3 indicate that Europeans ________.A. think highly of the American serviceB. do not appreciate the American serviceC. find it impossible to accept the American serviceD. will gradually accept the American service34. Why does the author use the Chinese mother's shopping experience as an example?A. To warn shop assistants of tough customers.B. To teach people how to get better service as customers.C. To criticize some improper shopping behavior.D. To show how different people's expectations of service are.35. According to the last paragraph, the service quality of American service personnel may depend on _________.A. the customers 'attitude towards themB. their working experienceC. the length of their working hoursD. the amount of commission and tipsPassage TwoJack's friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo (文身), and Jack was so impressed by Tony‟s bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Why do a lot of young people in North America get tattoos today? Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons.The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one's friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large "Xs" tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special "uniform". Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person's friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings -- in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others' names over their hearts. A tattoo Can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life.36. Jack got a tattoo because ofA. a desire to express himselfB. the influence of the mediaC. the influence of friendsD. a desire to be fashionable37. Gang members wear the tattoo of "Xs" to show theirA. individualityB. sense of belongingC. sense of honorD. power38. Which of the following groups of people are seen wearing tattoos in the media?A. Sports Stars.B. Car sellers.C. Fashion designers.D. Movie stars.39. Which of the following tattoos shows one's belief?A. A picture of endangered species.B. A lover's name.C. A musical instrument.D. A brand name.40. The best title for this passage isA. Tattoos Tell Who You AreB. Tattoos' New TrendC. The Popularity of TattoosD. Why People Get Tattoos Passage ThreeAmericans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames (昵称、绰号). Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one's father's last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions.In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it's the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established.At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker's family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow.This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe. John F. Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy.Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames. Chicago is called the "Windy City" because of the strong winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the "Big Apple" for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers.Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way.Likewise a person's physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one's liking or choice.A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing someone or something for better or worse.41. Why do Americans prefer to use nicknames when addressing one another?A. Nicknames are easy to remember.B. Americans are a friendly people.C. Nicknames help build a closer relationship.D. Nicknames are convenient to use in daily life.42. Americans tend to use others' family names ________.A. on formal occasionsB. when writing lettersC. in the work placeD. when making phone calls43. Many traditional societies see the use of one's family name as a sign of_________.A. respectB. distanceC. importanceD. gratitude44. An American employer is likely to use a worker's family name when __________.A. the worker is to get a promotionB. the worker has done something wrongC. he speaks to the worker at a gatheringD. he is being friendly with the worker45. In Paragraph 5, the word "obscure" is closest in meaning to“__________”.A. funnyB. soundC. unclearD. popularPassage FourJob sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status.Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.46. "Employee commitment" in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee's ________.A. loyaltyB. qualificationC. experienceD. achievement47. Work sharing is different from job sharing in that __________.A. it requires more working hoursB. it depends on the employer's decisionC. it provides more work positionsD. it offers a more satisfactory salary48. Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because _________.A. they can take care of both work and familyB. they are over ideal working agesC. they seek equal opportunities with menD. they have difficulty finding full-time jobs49. In job sharing the partners should __________.A. be social equalsB. know each other very wellC. be intimate friendsD. have similar working experience50. The main purpose of the passage is to ___________.A. recommend job sharing to womenB. describe job sharing in generalC. criticize job sharing as inefficientD. discuss a way to tackle unemploymentPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.For years we have believed we were either healthy or sick. 51 , during the mid-90s,scientists developed a new concept called "sub-health", a status 52 health and illness. The concept of sub-health has become 53 because it has helped to explain many health problems. 54 one study, only 5. 6% of people in the overall population are actually sick, 55 the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the 56 population is considered healthy. 57 of one's sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and remain healthy. Sub-Health is a state in which the body is 58 turning from health to illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively 59 the conditions of health, sub-health and disease. Factors 60 aging, internal or external toxicity (毒性), and body or mind exhaustion may cause sub-health, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy status to a healthy one.51. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Meantime52. A. within B. between C. toward D. beyond53. A. controversial B. global C. popular D. common54. A. Thanks to B. Due to C. According to D. Prior to55. A. since B. though C. for D. whereas56. A. remaining B. retaining C. relating D. reserving57. A. Causes B. Awareness C. Doubts D. Treatment58. A. already B. still C. neither D. either59. A. choosing B. comparing C. improving D. balancing60. A. like B. as C. along with D. up topaper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The office desk, as we know it, may have had its day. A large study on the future of work in the UK predicts the rise of the "mobile worker" moving with notebook computer and mobile phone between office, home, hotel, airport or highway service station as the needs of a job demand. Today, more than five million people already spend some time working at home or on the move, according to a recent report. That number will rise dramatically over the coming decades, with mobile work becoming one of the fastest-growing types of employment.According to the study "Working in the Twenty-First Century ", individuals will not necessarily see themselves as working from home. They could equally be working from the office, but they will be on the move from place to place, working at various times of the day, for much of the week. For a large proportion of workers, work in twenty years' time will be more about movement than staying in one place.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of "A Threat (Threats) to Endangered Animals". You may base your composition on the clues given below:Many animals are now in danger of becoming extinct ....Among the threats to endangered animals is (are) ....The way to cope with the threat (threats) ....( Note: endangered —濒危)参考答案：Paper One1~5 CBACD 6~10 BDACB11~15 DBCCD 16~20 CDACB 21~25 DDCBA 26~30 ABBBA31~35 DCBDD 36~40 CBAAD 41~45 CAABC 46~50 BCABB51 ~ 55 ABCCD 56 ~ 60 ABDDAPaper Two PartV Translation(30minutes，10 points)参考译文：众所周知，办公桌办公的时代也许已经结束了。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲英语考试大纲一、考试性质在职攻读硕士学位入学考试全国英语联考是国务院学位办组织的选拔性考试，其目的是为了客观、科学、公正、规范地测试老先生的英语语言知识和使用语言的相关能力。
二、考试范围及要求在职攻读硕士学位入学考试全国英语联考要求考生能够较熟练地掌握英语的基本语法和常用词汇，具有较强的阅读能力和一定的听、写、译的语言运用能力。
与全国统招硕士研究生入学英语考试相比，在职硕士研究生入学英语考试充分考虑了该类考生的实际情况以及工作需要等方面的特点。
在职攻读硕士学位入学考试全国英语联考的考查范围包括考生的英语口语交际能力、词汇和基本语法的运用能力、完形填空和阅读理解能力、英译汉和写作能力。
考生在上述方面应分别达到以下具体要求：（一）口语交际能用英语进行日常会话。
对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语会话，能理解会话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义，并能恰当地进行口语交流。
能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。
（二）词汇考生应掌握本考试大纲词汇表中所规定的英语词汇量和需要达到的应用程度，即：1、领会式掌握4500个英语单词和500个常用词组；2、复用式掌握其中1800个左右的常用单词和200个常用词组；3、掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词。
（三）语法掌握基本的英语语法知识，能在阅读、写作等过程中正确运用这些知识，以达到获取有关信息和表达交流思想的目的。
具体需要掌握的内容如下：1、名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；2、动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法；3、形容词、副词的比较级和级的构成及其用法；4、常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法；5、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；6、虚拟语气的构成及其用法；7、各类从句的构成及其用法；8、强调句型的结构及其用法；9、常用倒装句的结构及其用法。
（四）阅读理解考生应能够综合运用英语语言知识和基本阅读技能，读懂难度适中的一般性题材（经济、社会、政法、历史、科普、管理等）和体裁（议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用文等）的英语文章。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语2009年十月真题 含答案.
绝密★启用前2009年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷一Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 pointsPart Vocabulary and Structure Ⅱ (20 minutes, 10 pointsPart Reading Comprehension Ⅲ (40 minutes, 40 pointsPart Cloze Test Ⅳ(15 minutes, 10 points考生须知1. 本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。
试卷一满分75分,考试时间为90分钟,14:30开始,16:00结束;试卷二满分25分,考试时间为60分钟,16:00开始,17:00结束。
2. 请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。
3. 本试卷一为A 型试卷,其答案必须用2B 铅笔填涂在A 型答题卡上,做在其它类型答题卡或试卷上的无效。
答题前,请核对答题卡是否为A 型卡,若不是,请要求监考员予以更换。
4.在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在代表答案的字母上划线,如[A ] [B] [C] [D]。
A5. 监考员宣布试卷一考试结束时,请立即停止答试卷一,将试卷一及其答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上,继续做试卷二。
监考员将到座位上收取试卷一及其答题卡。
6. 监考员收卷过程中,考生须配合监考员验收,并请监考员在准考证上签字(作为考生交卷的凭据,否则,若发生答卷遗失,责任由考生自负。
英语试卷一A 第 1 页共 13 页Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 pointsSection A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Woman: Concert or movie, what would you prefer?Man: ________. I just want to get out of the house.A.That’s a good ideaB.That’s OK with meC.I really don’t careD.There is no problem2.Speaker A: Could I speak to John, please?Speaker B: John? There’s no one by that name here. I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong number.Speaker A: ________.A.OK, let me check againB.Well, I’ll try againC.All right, thank youD.Oh, sorry to have bothered you3.Man: Have you seen my glasses anywhere?Woman: No. ________Man: Yes. And I can’t see a thing without them.A.Did you lose them?B.Can’t you find them?C.Anything wrong?D.Can I help you?4.Speaker A: Hey, it’s beautiful out today, isn’t it?Speaker B: ________.A.Tomorrow will be the same as todayB.Yeah. I wish it would be like this every dayC.Really? It’s different from the weather forecastD.At least not as good as I expected5.Speaker A: I’m going home now. Do you need a ride?Speaker B: ________. I’m not done yet.A.It’s impossibleB.Thank youC.I’m glad toD.No, thanks英语试卷一A 第 2 页共 13 页Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6.Woman: Are you going to Hawaii on your vacation?Man: Not this year. I am broke.Woman: Oh! Come on.Question: How does the woman take the man’s words?A.She is surprised.B.She thinks he’s not serious.C.She feels sorry for the man.D.She is amused.7.Woman: Do you like the course we’re taking?Man: It’s beyond me.Question: What does the man mean?A.He feels comfortable with the course.B.He doesn’t like the course.C.He can’t understand the course.D.He doesn’t want to answer the question.8.Man: Ben borrowed his father’s car without permission, and then crashed it into thegarage door.Woman: No wonder his father went up the wall.Question: What can we learn about Ben’s father?A.He was extremely angry.B.He wouldn’t forgive Ben.C.He was quite disappointed.D.He couldn’t understand Ben.9.Man: Are you finished with school already?Woman: No. I have one more semester, but it would be great to have a job lined up.Question: What does the woman mean?A.She will line up to apply for a job.B.She has already had a job offer.C.She hopes to get a job offer before graduation.D.She’ll look for a job soo n after graduation.英语试卷一A 第 3 页共 13 页10.Man: Gosh! There seems to be no end to the work I have to do.Woman: I’m glad I’m not in your shoes.Question: What does the woman mean?A.She is not as busy as the man.B.She is busier than the man.C.She is lucky not to work with the man.D.She is unable to help the man.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 pointsDirections:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11.Fighting corruption involves tackling those who offer ________ as well as those who take them.A.bribesB.donationsC.contributionsD.bonuses12.In a ________ of inspiration, I decided to paint the whole house white.A.flameB.flashC.flavorD.flight13.Unlike other leaders who put all blames on others, he took responsibility and resigned ________.A.reluctantlyB.faithfullyC.mysteriouslyD.gracefully14.This report is ________ with an article written by the same author.A.identicalB.sameC.similarD.alike15.Traditional publishing will be ________ dramatically in the next 5 to 10 years.A.cut awayB.cut backC.cut downD.cut off英语试卷一A 第 4 页共 13 页16.Sunny Monday skies will ________ a shield of clouds by sunset.A.give path toB.give place toC.give space toD.give way to17.Eating regular meals is ________ important for health.A.vividlyB.vitallyC.visiblyD.visually18.A new electronic announcement system has been introduced in the taxis to________ passengers not to forget their luggage.A.alertB.warnrmD.remind19.Consumer ________ in food products has been shaken by several recent scandals.A.confidenceB.trustC.beliefD.assurance20.Such a proposal must have been put forward by people with limited ________.A.outlookB.overlookC.outlineD.overview21.Many dreams ________ seem impossible, then improbable, and eventually inevitable.A.firstB.at firstC.firstlyD.first of all22.If you are going to interview someone you ________ know something about them.A.had ratherB.would ratherC.should as wellD.might as well23.Joe ________ away for the last two days but he is due back tomorrow.A.isB.wentC.has beenD.has gone24.________ 40 years ago, the book continues to be marketed, mass-produced, andchallenged.A.Being writtenB.As writtenC.Though writtenD.It was written英语试卷一A 第 5 页共 13 页25.Born Sept. 11, 1907, in Boston, Alice Lillian Ellis was ________ of nine children.A.the oldest thirdB.the third oldC.the third olderD.the third oldest26.I’ll contact my office in London straight away and ________ to you.A.have the contract faxedB.have the contract faxC.have faxed the contractD.have been faxing the contract27.Caroline has never ever broken her promise, ________.A.neither had IB.nor have IC.not would ID.never will I28.Weather ________, we’ll go for a walk in the woods tomorrow.A.to permitB.permittedC.permitsD.permitting29.If she ________ here next week, we would know her decision.A.were to beB.will beC.would have beenD.is to be30.The problem is that they are unable to communicate effectively in the language________ public services are offered.A.by whichB.for whichC.in whichD.of whichPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 pointsDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneJack’s friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo (文身, and Jack was so impressed by Tony’s bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Why do a lot of young people in North America get tattoos today? Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons.英语试卷一A 第 6 页共 13 页The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one’s friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large “Xs” tattooed on t heir arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special “uniform”. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person’s friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings—in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others’ names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person’s life.31.Jack got a tattoo because of ________.A.the influence of friendsB.the influence of the mediaC.a desire to express himselfD.a desire to be fashionable32.Gang members wear the tattoo of “Xs” to show their ________.A.individualityB.powerC.sense of honorD.sense of belonging33.Which of the following groups of people are seen wearing tattoos in the media?A.Car sellers.B.Sports stars.C.Fashion designers.D.Movie stars.英语试卷一A 第 7 页共 13 页34.Which of the following tattoos shows one’s belief?A.A musical instrument.B.A lover’s name.C.A picture of endangered species.D.A brand name.35.The best title for this passage is ________.A.Why People Get TattoosB.Tattoos’ New TrendC.The Popularity of TattoosD.Tattoos Tell Who You ArePassage TwoIs the customer always right? The answer, it seems, depends on which country you ar e in. Shopping is very much a part of a country’s culture, and attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or taste in food. From the air-conditioned American shopping centers to the street market of African towns, the way we shop shows the way we see ourselves and our relationships with other people.Business competition in Europe has given consumers increased power. This has meant falling prices, plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means. People often point to America as an example of excellent customerservice. In restaurants in the south of the USA, for example, waiters compliment you on your clothes, ask about your day, compliment you on the wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction.Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in a restaurant might well dream of such attention, but do Europeans really want US style service? As a friend of mine once told me, “By the end of the evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife.” It is a question of expectations. Different nationalities expect different types of service.A Chinese-American friend loves telling people about how her Chinese mother shops for clothes: “First of all she waits until they are on sale, then she bargains until she gets an even better price and then she finds some small fault with the product and demands a further reduction. She never buys any thing at the regular price.” Could you imagine trying such tricks in a department store in your country?英语试卷一A 第 8 页共 13 页Attitudes to service are, of course, affected by employers’ attitudes to their workers. As American sales and service personnel are heavily reliant on commission and tips, they have more motives to provide more service. But is this fair? Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings, Sundays and 12 hour shifts? It might not be a case of “Is the customer always right?” but a case of “How much service is it fair to expect?”36.The way people shop ________.A.carries social and cultural valuesB.reflects the developmental stage of a countryC.determines the way they socializeD.reveals their social status37.The word “compliment” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.A.evaluateB.criticizeugh atD.praise38.The remarks of the author’s friend in Paragraph 3 indicate that Europeans________.A.think highly of the American serviceB.find it impossible to accept the American serviceC.do not appreciate the American serviceD.will gradually accept the American service39.Why does the author use the Chinese mother’s shopping experience as an example?A.To warn shop assistants of tough customers.B.To teach people how to get better service as customers.C.To criticize some improper shopping behavior.D.To show how different people’s expectations of service are.40.According to the last paragraph, the service quality of American service personnelmay depend on ________.A.the customers’ attitude towards themB.the amount of commission and tipsC.the length of their working hoursD.their working experience英语试卷一A 第 9 页共 13 页Passage ThreeJob sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job’s wages, its holid ays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is toprovide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free timefor other activities.As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.41.“Employee commitment” in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee’s ________.A.qualificationB.loyaltyC.experienceD.achievement英语试卷一A 第 10 页共 13 页42.Work sharing is different from job sharing in that ________.A.it requires more working hoursB.it provides more work positionsC.it depends on the employer’s decisionD.it offers a more satisfactory salary43.Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because ________.A.they can take care of both work and familyB.they are over ideal working agesC.they seek equal opportunities with menD.they have difficulty finding full-time jobs44.In job sharing the partners should ________.A.be social equalsB.be intimate friendsC.know each other very wellD.have similar working experience45.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A.recommend job sharing to womenB.discuss a way to tackle unemploymentC.criticize job sharing as inefficientD.describe job sharing in generalPassage FourAmericans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames (昵称、绰号. Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions.In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established.英语试卷一A 第 11 页共 13 页At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow.This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe. John F. Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy.Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames. Chicago is called the “Windy City” because of the strong winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the “Big Apple” for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers.Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way.Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice. A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing someone or something for better or worse.46.Why do Americans prefer to use nicknames when addressing one another?A.Nicknames are easy to remember.B.Americans are a friendly people.C.Nicknames are convenient to use in daily life.D.Nicknames help build a closer relationship.47.Americans tend to u se others’ family names ________.A.in the work placeB.when writing lettersC.on formal occasionsD.when making phone calls48.Many traditional societies see the use of one’s family name as a sign of________.A.distanceB.respectC.importanceD.gratitude英语试卷一A 第 12 页共 13 页49.An American employer is likely to use a worker’s family name when ________.A.the worker is to get a promotionB.he speaks to the worker at a gatheringC.the worker has done something wrongD.he is being friendly with the worker50.In Paragraph 5, the word “obscure” is closest in meaning to “________”.A.unclearB.soundC.funnyD.popularPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 pointsDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.For years we have believed we were either healthy or sick. 51 , during the mid-90s, scientists developed a new concept called “sub-health”, a status 52 health and illness. The concept of sub-health has become 53 because it has helped to explain many healthproblems. 54 one study, only 5.6% of people in the overall population are actually sick, 55 the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the 56 population is considered healthy. 57 of one’s sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and remain healthy. Sub-Health is a state in which the body is 58 turning from health to illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively 59 the conditions of health, sub-health and disease. Factors 60 aging, internal or external toxicity (毒性, and body or mind exhaustion may cause sub-health, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy status to a healthy one.B.HoweverC.MeantimeD.Therefore51.A.BesidesD.toward52.A.between B.within C.beyond53.A.global B.controversial mon D.popularD.According toto54.A.DueB.Thanks toC.PriortoD.for55.A.thoughB.sinceC.whereas56.A.retaining B.remaining C.reserving D.relating57.A.Awareness B.Causes C.Treatment D.DoubtsC.eitherD.neither58.A.still B.alreadyparing B.choosing C.balancing D.improving to D.along with60.A.as B.likeC.up英语试卷一A 第 13 页共 13 页绝密★启用前2009年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷二Part Ⅴ Translation(30 minutes, 10 pointsPart ⅥWriting (30 minutes, 15 points考生须知1.试卷二满分25分,考试时间为60分钟,16:00开始,17:00结束。
英语二大纲
目录
考试说明 附录1 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）参考试题、参考答案及评分参考 附录2 词汇表 附录3 常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词
自考
基本内容
课程目的
学习方法
课程的目的：使学习者能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，做到具有较好的阅读能力、一定的英译 汉能力和初步的听、说、写及译的能力，为获取专业所需要的信息及进一步提高英语水平打下扎实的基础。
大纲变化
1、2010版英语大纲重新更换了英语知识运用\阅读理解PART A和翻译部分的样题，难度和选材上要求更加明 确，如英语知识运用更注重词汇的辨析和句际关系题,出题方式将更灵活，难度更大。阅读选材本身更注重英语语 言本身的材料，兼顾经济生活和社会热点，英译汉新换的样题则更注重翻译方法\技巧的考查，句子结构的理解和 掌握。
英语二大纲
2009年高等教育出版社出版的图书
01 内容介绍
03 自考
目录
02 目录 04 大纲变化
《英语二大纲》是2009年高等教育出版社出版的图书，作者是教育部考试中心。
内容介绍
为更好地适应国家经济建设和社会发展对高层次应用型人才的迫切需要，增强研究生教育服务经济社会发展 的能力，教育部提出，要加快研究生教育结构调整、优化的步伐，扩大专业学位研究生招生规模，加强应用型人 才的选拔和培养力度，促进人才培养与社会需求的有效衔接。
英语（二）包括较系统的英语语法知识，英语单词约3800个（其中中学阶段所学词汇约1600个）和词组约 750个，阅读量为50000余词。
英语（二）的重点是英语的基本词汇和语法，课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。
1.要了解英语学习的特点 2.要有明确的、合理的学习目标和学习计划 3.要学好教材 4.发展读、听、说、译、写五种语言技能和妥善处理它们之间的关系 5.正确处理学习词汇、语法和课文的关系
2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试真题及解析
同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语（英语）水平全国统一考试2009年真题Paper One 试卷一（90minutes）PartⅠDialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. A: Helen.You look great!You’remuch slimmer than last time I saw you.B: Actually,I’vebeenonadietandI’vebeendoingakeep-fitclass, too.A．No, thanks. B．Well, yes.C．You are flattering me. D．Are you kidding?2．A:I’msosorry.Ishouldn’thavethrownyourviolinaway.Whydidn’t youtell me it was a birthday present from your Dad?B: What is done is done.C．Forget it. D．That’s fine.3. A: It is really hard to maintain contact when people move around so much.B:A．You’re unlucky to have lost contact with your friends.B．That is right. I have been out of touch with my friends.C．Is it? People just drift apart indeed!D．I ask them to keep me informed about what they are doing.4. A: Hi, John, how are you? I heard you were sick.B: They must have confused me with somebody else.A．I was sick last week. B．I could not agree with you more.C．I’ve never felt better. D．So you are right.5. A: It is not like George to be late for an appointment.B: He’s always punctual.A．No way. B．Anyway he’s late.C．I don’t think so. D．You’re right.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Man:Thatwasanabsolutelydeliciousmeal.Yourcookingisalways superb but this time you have excelled yourself.Woman: I am glad you enjoyed it. It is a recipe I haven’t tried before.Question: What does the man think of the woman’s cooking?A．It is as good as always.B．It is good enough for something new.C．It is good, but not as good as before.D．It is better than usual.7. Man: Do you think that Bob is serious about Sally?Woman:Well,Iknowthis.I’veneverseenhimgooutsooftenwiththesame girl.Question: What conclusion can we draw from the woman’s statement?A．Bob is serious about Sally.B．Bob never goes steady with a girl.C．Bob will soon change his girlfriend.D．Bob is not serious about Sally.8. Man: Everybody’s helping out with the dinner. Would you make the salad?Woman:Anything but that.Question: What does the woman mean?A．She does not want any salad.B．She will make the salad.C．She wants some salad.D．She’d rather do some other jobs.9. Man:You know what?You should invest the money yourself.Woman: That had crossed my mind.Question: What does the woman mean?A．The idea had bothered her. B．She had invested the money.C．The idea had occurred to her. D．She wouldn’t give it a try.10. Woman: Where do you plan to go for dinner?Man:IwasthinkingofgoingtoJoe’s.It’sastone’sthrowaway.Besides, the environment is good. Question: What can we learn about Joe’s?A. It is not far from hereB. It is not expensive.C. It is an interesting place.D. It is known for its specialty.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11．Likeflowersthathavebeenwaiting allwinterto blossom,touristsareeagerto burst forth with their cameras.A．survive B．breeze C．revive D．bloom12．The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A. sufficientB. plentifulC. adequateD. countable13．The newly elected president has pledged $13 million to the automobile industry for its survival.A．promised B．prepared C．disposed D．delivered14．TheAmericans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity. A．place B．medium C．resort D．tunnel15．Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatternallowsmorewomento take advantage of job opportunities.A．make use of B. catch up withC．cast light on D. get rid of 16．Nobodycanhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythe science fiction. A．impressed B．amused C．attracted D．puzzled17．Senator James Meeks has called off a boycott of Chicago Public Schools, organized to protest Illinois’education funding system.A．reclaimed B．proposed C．indulged D．canceled18．The new book focuses on the concept that to achieve and maintain total health, people need physical, social and emotional well-being.A．gain B．attainC．acquire D．gather19．The16percentfareincreasewouldbringChicagofaresinlinewiththoseof other big cities.A．in cooperation with B．in agreement withC．in connection with D．in association with 20．ItistruethatLondonisoftensunless,dampandraw,thoughtheoccasional sunny days seem all the more attractive by contrast.A．mild B．chilly C．moist D．cloudySection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21．Researchshowsheavycoffeedrinkingis asmallincreaseinblood pressure, but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.A. associated with B．compared withC. attributed toD．referred to22．Alarge ofthesunlightneverreachestheearthwhile infra-redheat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.A．proportion B．ratioC．rate D．fraction23．It is amusing that she her father’s bad temper as well as her mother’s good looks.A．retained B．inherited C．preserved D．maintained24．the few who have failed in their examination, all the other students in the hall are in very high spirits.A．In spite thatB．But forC．For the sake of D．Apart from25．The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last the attention of averageAmericans.A．clarified B．cultivated C．captured D．characterized26．Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man. Needless to say, we tried to make him change his mind.A．in short B．in secret C．in danger D．in vain27．The western media was astonished to see that China’s GDPby almost 40% just in two years’time.A．flourished B．floated C．roared D．soared 28．Unemploymentseemstobethe socialprobleminthisareaandmay undermine social stability.A．primitive B．prevalentC．previous D．premature29．Manypeople,whenill,seetheirdoctorsandaskthemto something that will make them feel better.A．prescribe B．describe C．revise D．devise30．Facing growing costs and shrinking tax , the government is now threatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A．budget B．collection C．revenue D．profitPart ⅢReading Comprehension(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline (蹦床). I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here, I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all, I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood, there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. But crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner l ike they’re driving in a car race. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps, too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my area alone.I honestly don’t think my mom worried about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmet(头盔)when I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day…31．What did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?A．Meet his friend.B．Play video games.C．Ride his bike on streets.D．Jump on the trampoline.32. What does the author mean when she says, “but my son is eleven years old now”?A. He is a bit too young to go out alone.B. He is old enough to be given some freedom now.C. He has reached the legal age for riding a bike.D. He can’t protect himself from road hazards.33. Given her husband’s attitude towards bringing up kids, he would most probably_______.A. drive his son to school to ensure safety.B. follow his son all the way to school and back.C. ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over here.D. give his son more freedom in deciding what to do.34. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat to kids?A. The drugstore.B. Teenager bullies.C. Child abusers.D. Cars racing by.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today.B. Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in the 1970s.C. Children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.D. Children today are more obedient to their parents.36. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood.B. To compare today’s social environment with that of the 1970s.C. To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son.D. To express her worry about both safety and security in her area.Passage TwoYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things. In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside，the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guiltyabout reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.Traditionally retailers measure “footfall”, as the number of people entering a st ore is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth--not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1% sales rose 1.3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.37. In Paragraph2, “decompression zone” is the area meant to_____.A. prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingB. offer shoppers a place to have a restC. encourage shoppers to try new productsD. provide shoppers with discount information38. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’ ______.A. common senseB. shopping habitsC. shopping psychologyD. concerns with time39. Path Intelligence uses a technology to ______.A. measure how long people stay at a storeB. count how many people enter a storeC. find out what people buy in a storeD. monitor what people say and do in a store40. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales______.A. was reversely linked to dwell timeB. was in direct proportion to dwell timeC. was affected more by footfall than by dwell timeD. was affected more by dwell time than by footfall41. The author argues that shoppers______.A. exert more influence on stores than they imagineB. are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC. have more control over what they buy than they assumeD. tend to make more emotional decisions than they think42. The best title for the passage is _______.A. New Technology Boosts Stores’ SalesB. How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC. The Science behind Stores’ ArrangementsD. Rational and Irrational Ways of ShoppingPassage ThreeAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today. Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was a major obstacle to learning foreign languages, a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles. Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their languages alone will suffice the need to survive. Language skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT, vocational or professional skills. Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression.All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutions and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race, sex, color and religion and the world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens and hundreds of businesses world wide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin. The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country. Language can also ease race and border barriers. You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.43. One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is _______.A. it was too difficultB. it was not allowedC. it was taught by foreign rulersD. it was seen as disloyalty44. According to the article, which of the following is true?A. Foreign language skills are of vital importance.B. People’s language skills are better than in the past.C. It’s easier nowadays to learn a foreign language.D. People today are not proud of their native language.45. What does “to make an impression” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?A. To remember things.B. To express ideas.C. To be liked by others.D. To show respect.46. The world has become smaller because of _________.A. business expressionB. the growth of the InternetC. the learning of foreign languagesD. a globalized economy47. According to the article, the growth of the Internet requires_______.A. more bilingual websitesB. more foreign language skillsC. better command of EnglishD. more commercial establishments48. People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak their languagebecause ___________.A. they think you understand their cultureB. they think you love their countryC. it’s easier for them to communicate with youD. they believe you are a good language learnerPassage FourAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s non-controversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. Th ey’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.49. In Paragraph2, “these deep patterns” refers to all of the following EXCEPT_______. .A. genesB. social dynamicsC. neutral reactionsD. instantaneous perceptions50. According to the author, Gladwell’s new book Outliers is mainly______.A. about the importance of social arrangements to personal successB. a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsC. to discuss why some people have more opportunities than othersD. to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others51. It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwell’s book________.A. is beginning to influence Obama’s policiesB. has become quite influentialC. has received severe criticismsD. assumes that people just pursue maximum profits52. According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is ________.A. control of attentionB. individual willC. a good characterD. exceptional creativity53. The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to_________.A. social forces and genesB. good luck and educationC. individual genes and good educationD. individual character and creativity54. This passage is probably a ________.A. book reportB. book reviewC. political essayD. news reportPassage FiveA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food. Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”--its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true, the actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.55. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?A. Birth explosion.B. Birth Control.C. Technological innovations.D. Death Control.56. The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means________.A. commonB. epidemicC. unknownD. untreatable57. There isn’t enough land to support human beings because_________.A. mo st of the world’s land is unusableB. there are more seas than land in the worldC. the world’s land has already been taken upD. the world’s land is not distributed equally58. In Paragraph 4 the winter implies that fertile soils are________.A. limitedB. renewableC. nonrenewableD. productive59. What does “to limit their reproduction” in the last paragraph mean?A. To control death.B. To produce less goods.C. To practice birth control.D. To increase production.60. What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A. Long life spans.B. Population increase.C. The success of “Death Control”D. Ove ruse of resources.PartIV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Nuclear energy is an efficient and convenient substitute for conventional forms of energy which were found in special geographical locations. Large amounts of ___61___ and effort are required to ___62___ these locations. Once the sites are found, men and equipment must be brought to tap and use these sources of energy. However, a large proportion of such sites are found only in far and ___63__ places. This increases the difficulties of ___64___ these forms of energy. With nuclear energy, such difficulties are at present. Nuclear reactors can easily be built anywhere, and man does not have to compete with the___65___ of nature in order to obtain the energy. For equal amounts of energy, nuclear energy is much more convenient and inexpensive to obtain than conventional sources of energy.With nuclear energy, the amount of pollution is greatly reduced. ___66___ the production of nuclear energy is based on the fission (裂变) of atoms, pollution is kept to a very low level. The energy produced in the reactors is converted into heat and electricity, and these have___67___ or no pollution at all. Conventional forms of fuel, ___68___, produce large amounts of pollution. Production of nuclear energy uses the___69___ of the fission of atoms; thus, ___70___ amounts of energy can be obtained from it. The world’s reserves of oil, coal and natural gas are running ___71___ at a tremendous rate and current estimates predict that___72___of the 21st century, most of these conventional fuels will be used up. Nuclear energy is the exception___73___ this gloomy prediction. Through splitting and fusing atoms, large amounts of energy can be produced,and ___74___ this process can go on and on until all our energy needs are satisfied. The___75___ of nuclear energy as boundless source of energy is indeed great, and we must harness it whenever possible as conventional fuels will not be around much longer.61. A. capitalB. incentiveC. interestD. currency62. A. pointB. recognizeC. labelD. identify63. A. singleB. isolatedC. soleD. solitary64. A. concentratingB. detectingC. selectingD. harnessing65. A. potentialsB. powersC. forcesD. strengths66. A. IfB. WhileC. SinceD. Though67. A. muchB. littleC. moreD. less68. A. as a resultB. in generalC. in effectD.on the other hand69. A. ruleB. processC. principleD. function70. A. incompleteB. definiteC. definedD. infinite71. A. up。
CIA大纲2009年英文版本
Part 1 - The Internal Audit Activity's Role in Governance, Risk, and ControlA. Comply with The IIA's Attribute Standards (15-25%) (P)1. Define purpose, authority, and responsibility of the internal audit activitya. Determine if the purpose, authority, and responsibility of the internal auditactivity are clearly documented and approvedb. Determine if the purpose, authority, and responsibility of the internal auditactivity are communicated to the engagement clientsc. Demonstrate an understanding of the purpose, authority, and responsibilityof the internal audit activity2. Maintain independence and objectivitya. Foster independence1) Understand organizational independence2) Recognize the importance of organizational independence3) Determine if the internal audit activity is properly aligned to achieve organizational independenceb. Foster objectivity1) Establish policies to promote objectivity2) Assess individual objectivity3) Maintain individual objectivity4) Recognize and mitigate impairments to independence and objectivity3. Determine if the required knowledge, skills, and competencies are availablea. Understand the knowledge, skills, and competencies that an internalauditor needs to possessb. Identify the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to fulfill theresponsibilities of the internal audit activity4. Develop and/or procure necessary knowledge, skills and competenciescollectively required by the internal audit activity5. Exercise due professional care6. Promote continuing professional developmenta. Develop and implement a plan for continuing professionaldevelopment for internal audit staffb. Enhance individual competency through continuing professionaldevelopment7. Promote quality assurance and improvement of the internal audit activitya. Establish and maintain a quality assurance and improvement programb. Monitor the effectiveness of the quality assurance and improvementprogramc. Report the results of the quality assurance and improvement programto the board or other governing bodyd. Conduct quality assurance procedures and recommend improvementsto the performance of the internal audit activity8. Abide by and promote compliance with The IIA Code of EthicsB. Establish a Risk-based Plan to Determine the Priorities of the Internal Audit Activity (15-25%) (P)1. Establish a framework for assessing risk2. Use the framework to:a. Identify sources of potential engagements (e.g., audit universe,management request, regulatory mandate)b. Assess organization-wide riskc. Solicit potential engagement topics from various sourcesd. Collect and analyze data on proposed engagementse. Rank and validate risk priorities3. Identify internal audit resource requirements4. Coordinate the internal audit activity's efforts with:a. External auditorb. Regulatory oversight bodiesc. Other internal assurance functions (e.g., health and safety department)5. Select engagements.a. Participate in the engagement selection processb. Select engagementsc. Communicate and obtain approval of the engagement plan from boardC. Understand the Internal Audit Activity's Role in Organizational Governance (10-20%) (P)1. Obtain board's approval of audit charter2. Communicate plan of engagements3. Report significant audit issues4. Communicate key performance indicators to board on a regular basis5. Discuss areas of significant risk6. Support board in enterprise-wide risk assessment7. Review positioning of the internal audit function within the risk management framework within the organization8. Monitor compliance with the corporate code of conduct/business practices9. Report on the effectiveness of the control framework10. Assist board in assessing the independence of the external auditor11. Assess ethical climate of the board12. Assess ethical climate of the organization13. Assess compliance with policies in specific areas (e.g., derivatives)14. Assess organization's reporting mechanism to the board15. Conduct follow-up and report on management response to regulatory body reviews16. Conduct follow-up and report on management response to external audit17. Assess the adequacy of the performance measurement system, achievement of corporate objective18. Support a culture of fraud awareness and encourage the reporting of improprietiesD. Perform Other Internal Audit Roles and Responsibilities (0-10%) (P)1. Ethics/Compliancea. Investigate and recommend resolution for ethics/compliance complaintsb. Determine disposition of ethics violationsc. Foster healthy ethical climated. Maintain and administer business conduct policy (e.g., conflict of interest)e. Report on compliance2. Risk Managementa. Develop and implement an organization-wide risk and control frameworkb. Coordinate enterprise-wide risk assessmentc. Report corporate risk assessment to boardd. Review business continuity planning process3. Privacya. Determine privacy vulnerabilitiesb. Report on compliance4. Information or physical securitya. Determine security vulnerabilitiesb. Determine disposition of security violationsc. Report on complianceE. Governance, Risk, and Control Knowledge Elements (15-25%)1. Corporate governance principles (A)2. Alternative control frameworks (A)3. Risk vocabulary and concepts (P)4. Risk management techniques (P)5. Risk/control implications of different organizational structures (P)6. Risk/control implications of different leadership styles (A)7. Change management (A)8. Conflict management (A)9. Management control techniques (P)10. Types of control (e.g., preventive, detective, input, output) (P)F. Plan Engagements (15-25%) (P)1. Initiate preliminary communication with engagement client2. Conduct a preliminary survey of the area of engagementa. Obtain input from engagement clientb. Perform analytical reviewsc. Perform benchmarkingd. Conduct interviewse. Review prior audit reports and other relevant documentationf. Map processesg. Develop checklists3. Complete a detailed risk assessment of the area (prioritize or evaluate risk/control factors)4. Coordinate audit engagement efforts witha. External auditorb. Regulatory oversight bodies5. Establish/refine engagement objectives and identify/finalize the scope of engagement6. Identify or develop criteria for assurance engagements (criteria against which to audit)7. Consider the potential for fraud when planning an engagementa. Be knowledgeable of the risk factors and red flags of fraudb. Identify common types of fraud associated with the engagement areac. Determine if risk of fraud requires special consideration whenconducting an engagement8. Determine engagement procedures9. Determine the level of staff and resources needed for the engagement10. Establish adequate planning and supervision of the engagement11. Prepare engagement work programPart 2 - Conducting the Internal Audit EngagementA. Conduct Engagements (25-35%) (P)1. Research and apply appropriate standards:a. IIA Professional Practices Framework (Code of Ethics, Standards,Practice Advisories)b. Other professional, legal, and regulatory standards2. Maintain an awareness of the potential for fraud when conducting an engagementa. Notice indicators or symptoms of fraudb. Design appropriate engagement steps to address significant riskof fraudc. Employ audit tests to detect fraudd. Determine if any suspected fraud merits investigation3. Collect data4. Evaluate the relevance, sufficiency, and competence of evidence5. Analyze and interpret data6. Develop work papers7. Review work papers8. Communicate interim progress9. Draw conclusions10. Develop recommendations when appropriate11. Report engagement resultsa. Conduct exit conferenceb. Prepare report or other communicationc. Approve engagement reportd. Determine distribution of reporte. Obtain management response to report12. Conduct client satisfaction survey13. Complete performance appraisals of engagement staffB. Conduct Specific Engagements (25-35%) (P)1. Conduct assurance engagementsa. Fraud investigation1) Determine appropriate parties to be involved with investigation2) Establish facts and extent of fraud (e.g., interviews, interrogationsand data analysis)3) Report outcomes to appropriate parties4) Complete a process review to improve controls to prevent fraudand recommend changesb. Risk and control self-assessment1) Facilitated approach(a) Client-facilitated(b) Audit-facilitated2) Questionnaire approach3) Self-certification approachc. Audits of third parties and contract auditingd. Quality audit engagementse. Due diligence audit engagementsf. Security audit engagementsg. Privacy audit engagementsh. Performance (key performance indicators) audit engagementsi. Operational (efficiency and effectiveness) audit engagementsj. Financial audit engagementsk. Information technology (IT) audit engagements1) Operating systems(a) Mainframe(b) Workstations(c) Server2) Application development(a) Application authentication(b) Systems development methodology(c) Change control(d) End user computing3) Data and network communications/connections (e.g., LAN, VAN,and WAN)4) Voice communications5) System security (e.g., firewalls, access control)6) Contingency planning7) Databases8) Functional areas of IT operations (e.g., data center operations)9) Web infrastructure10) Software licensing11) Electronic funds transfer (EFT)/Electronic data interchange (EDI)12) e-Commerce13) Information protection (e.g., viruses, privacy)14) Encryption15) Enterprise-wide resource planning (ERP) software (e.g., SAP R/3)l. Compliance audit engagements2. Conduct consulting engagementsa. Internal control trainingb. Business process reviewc. Benchmarkingd. Information technology (IT) and systems developmente. Design of performance measurement systemsC. Monitor Engagement Outcomes (5-15%) (P)1. Determine appropriate follow-up activity by the internal audit activity2. Identify appropriate method to monitor engagement outcomes3. Conduct follow-up activity4. Communicate monitoring plan and resultsD. Fraud Knowledge Elements (5-15%)1. Discovery sampling (A)2. Interrogation techniques (A)3. Forensic auditing (A)4. Use of computers in analyzing data (P)5. Red flag (P)6. Types of fraud (P)E. Engagement Tools (15-25%)1. Sampling (A)a. Nonstatistical (judgmental)b. Statistical2. Statistical analyses (process control techniques) (A)3. Data gathering tools (P)a. Interviewingb. Questionnairesc. Checklists4. Analytical review techniques (P)a. Ratio estimationb. Variance analysis (e.g., budget vs. actual)c. Other reasonableness tests5. Observation (P)6. Problem solving (P)7. Risk and control self-assessment (CSA) (A)8. Computerized audit tools and techniques (P)a. Embedded audit modulesb. Data extraction techniquesc. Generalized audit software (e.g., ACL, IDEA)d. Spreadsheet analysise. Automated work papers (e.g., Lotus Notes, Auditor Assistant)9. Process mapping including flowcharting (P)Part 3 - Business Analysis and Information TechnologyA. Business Processes (15-25%)1. Quality management (e.g., TQM) (A)2. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) framework (A)3. Forecasting (A)4. Project management techniques (P)5. Business process analysis (e.g., workflow analysis and bottleneck management, theory of constraints) (P)6. Inventory management techniques and concepts (P)7. Marketing - pricing objectives and policies (A)8. Marketing - supply chain management (A)9. Human Resources (Individual performance management and measurement; supervision; environmental factors that affectperformance; facilitation techniques; personnel sourcing/staffing; training and development; safety) (P)10. Balanced scorecard (A)B. Financial Accounting and Finance (15-25%)1. Basic concepts and underlying principles of financial accounting (e.g., statements, terminology, relationships) (P)2. Intermediate concepts of financial accounting (e.g., bonds, leases, pensions, intangible assets, R&D) (A)3. Advanced concepts of financial accounting (e.g., consolidation, partnerships, foreign currency transactions) (A)4. Financial statement analysis (P)5. Cost of capital evaluation (A)6. Types of debt and equity (A)7. Financial instruments (e.g., derivatives) (A)8. Cash management (treasury functions) (A)9. Valuation models (A)a. Inventory valuationb. Business valuation10. Business development life cycles (A)C. Managerial Accounting (10-20%)1. Cost concepts (e.g., absorption, variable, fixed) (P)2. Capital budgeting (A)3. Operating budget (P)4. Transfer pricing (A)5. Cost-volume-profit analysis (A)6. Relevant cost (A)7. Costing systems (e.g., activity-based, standard) (A)8. Responsibility accounting (A)D. Regulatory, Legal, and Economics (5-15%) (A)1. Impact of government legislation and regulation on business2. Trade legislation and regulations3. Taxation schemes4. Contracts5. Nature and rules of legal evidence6. Key economic indicatorsE. Information Technology - IT (30-40%) (A)1. Control frameworks (e.g., COBIT)2. Data and network communications/connections (e.g., LAN, VAN, and WAN)3. Electronic funds transfer (EFT)4. e-Commerce5. Electronic data interchange (EDI)6. Functional areas of IT operations (e.g., data center operations)7. Encryption8. Information protection (e.g. viruses, privacy)9. Evaluate investment in IT (cost of ownership)10. Enterprise-wide resource planning (ERP) software (e.g., SAP R/3)11. Operating systems12. Application development13. Voice communications14. Contingency planning15. Systems security (e.g. firewalls, access control)16. Databases17. Software licensing18. Web infrastructureP=Candidates must exhibit proficiency (thorough understanding and ability to apply concepts) in these topic areas. A=Candidates must exhibit awareness (knowledge of terminology and fundamentals) in these topic areas.Part 4 - Business Management SkillsA. Strategic Management (20-30%) (A)1. Global analytical techniquesa. Structural analysis of industriesb. Competitive strategies (e.g., Porter's model)c. Competitive analysisd. Market signalse. Industry evolution2. Industry environmentsa. Competitive strategies related to:1) Fragmented industries2) Emerging industries3) Declining industriesb. Competition in global industries1) Sources/impediments2) Evolution of global markets3) Strategic alternatives4) Trends affecting competition3. Strategic decisionsa. Analysis of integration strategiesb. Capacity expansionc. Entry into new businesses4. Portfolio techniques of competitive analysis5. Product life cyclesB. Global Business Environments (15-25%) (A)1. Cultural/legal/political environmentsa. Balancing global requirements and local imperativesb. Global mindsets (personal characteristics/competencies)c. Sources and methods for managing complexities and contradictionsd. Managing multicultural teams2. Economic/financial environmentsa. Global, multinational, international, and multilocal compared and contrastedb. Requirements for entering the global market placec. Creating organizational adaptabilityd. Managing training and developmentC. Organizational Behavior (15-25%) (A)1. Motivationa. Relevance and implication of various theoriesb. Impact of job design, rewards, work schedules, etc.2. Communicationa. The processb. Organizational dynamicsc. Impact of computerization3. Performancea. Productivityb. Effectiveness4. Structurea. Centralized/decentralizedb. Departmentalizationc. New configurations (e.g., hourglass, cluster, network)D. Management Skills (20-30%) (A)1. Group dynamicsa. Traits (e.g., cohesiveness, roles, norms, groupthink)b. Stages of group developmentc. Organizational politicsd. Criteria and determinants of effectiveness2. Team buildinga. Methods used in team buildingb. Assessing team performance3. Leadership skillsa. Theories compared and contrastedb. Leadership grid (topology of leadership styles)c. Mentoring4. Personal time managementE. Negotiating (5-15%) (A)1. Conflict resolutiona. Competitive/cooperativeb. Compromise, forcing, smoothing, etc.2. Added-value negotiatinga. Descriptionb. Specific stepsP=Candidates must exhibit proficiency (thorough understanding and ability to apply concepts) in these topic areas. A=Candidates must exhibit awareness (knowledge of terminology and fundamentals) in these topic areas.。
阅读如何复习 名师解读2009考研英语大纲
阅读如何复习名师解读2009考研英语大纲万学海文名师墨东博解读2009英语大纲之阅读、新题型复习策略 主持人：墨老师，您好，早就久仰您的大名，我听说您独创的英语作文四位一体定位法，让芸芸学子在考研英语测试中如提醐灌顶。
您独特的教法、独特的模式、独特的风格深受考研学子欢迎。
能够邀请到您，我们真是倍感荣幸。
墨东博：我很高兴来到新浪教育频道进行09英语新大纲的解读。
主持人：墨老师，您能简单介绍一下2009考研英语大纲的要求吗？ 墨东博：同08相比，09的大纲没有变化。
考研英语作为一项高水准的语言测试，按照国际标准来说，在一定时间内应该保持稳定的态势，即使有变化也只是在原有大纲基础上做的一些小小的调整。
今的大纲也不例外，这是我们国家英语水平测试不断走向成熟的一个标志。
所以，同学们可以基本上按照往的计划进行系统和深刻的复习。
主持人：我们知道墨老师最擅长的是阅读，这也是考研英语的重头戏，大家也知道，得阅读者得天下，那幺考研英语阅读命题有哪些命题形式呢？ 墨东博：考研英语和其他任何英语考试都不同，有它自己的规律。
根据大纲和历考题形式，我们把阅读题型分为7种：句子理解题、例证题、指代题、主旨题、词汇题、态度题、推理题。
句子理解题是最常见的，此类题要求考生能够做到：1，理解文中的具体信息；2，理解文中的概念性含义；例证题主要是考查考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、支持的观点等，要求考生：1、区分论点和论据；2、理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；指代题主要考查考生整体理解文章的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。
主旨题通过一篇文章的阅读，考察考生对于这篇文章基本内容与作者写作意图及感情色彩的把握与理解。
即主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力和理解主旨要义的程度。
这些都是很常见的题型。
主持人：嗯，考研题型还是很鲜明的，这样我们复习起来更有针对性了。
那墨老师，其他几种题型呢？ 墨东博：词汇题主要测试考生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力；态度观点题主要考查考生理解作者的意图、观点或态度的能力。
2009年考研英语真题及详解
2009年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are _____ the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit files who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly ______ to live shorter lives. This suggests that ____ bulbs bum longer, that there is an _____ in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it _____ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep. Bums more fuel and is slow _____ the starting line because it depends on learning – a gradual ____ - instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to _____.Is there an adaptive value to ______ intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance _____ at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ____ of our own intelligence might be. This is ______ the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would _____ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, _____ , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that ____ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ______ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain, They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ______, not merely how much of it there is. ______. They would hope to study a _____ question; Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?_____ the result are inconclusive.1. [A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2. [A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3. [A] thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4. [A]tendency [B]advantage [C]inclination [D]priority5. [A]insists on [B]sums up [C]turns out [D]puts forward6. [A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7. [A]incredible [B]spontaneous [C]inevitable [D]gradual8. [A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think9. [A]invisible [B]limit [C]indefinite [D]different10. [A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward [D]backward11．[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12．[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13．[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14．[A]by chance [B] in contrast [C]as usual [D]for instance15．[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16．[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17．[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18．[A]Above all [B]After all [C]However [D]Otherwise19．[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive [C]equivalent [D]hostile20．[A]By accident [B]In time [C]So far [D]Better stillSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habit are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,‖ William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says, Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways; analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought .―Thi s breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,‖ explains M.J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book ―This Year I Will…‖ and Ms. Markova’s business partner. ―That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness Know ing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.‖ This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being_______.A. usualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be________.A. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23. ―ruts‖ (in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to__________.A. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms, Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing _______?A. prevents new habits form being formedB. no longer emphasizes commonnessC. maintains the inherent American thinking modeD. complies with the American belief system25. Ryn most probably agree that_______.A. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 forpaternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing. Which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists- and supports businesses that offe r to search for a family’s geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing, All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, ―There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing.‖ Says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers, This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s ________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C]successful promotion[D]popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A] locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C]identify parent-child kinship[D]choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to ________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B]rebuild reliable bloodlines[C]fully use genetic information[D]achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _________.[A] disorganized data collection[B]overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be _______.[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counter e pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, Non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance, Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only wi th broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph I that the important of education in poor countries _______.[A]is subject groundless doubts[B]has fallen victim of bias[C]is conventional downgraded[D]has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system _________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C]demands priority from the government[D]requires sufficient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _________.[A]the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B]the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _______.[A]when people had enough time[B]prior to better ways of finding food[C]when people on longer went hung[D]as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph, development of education _____________.[A]results directly from competitive environments[B]does not depend on economic performance[C]follows improved productivity[D]cannot afford political changesThe most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England, According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was ―So much important attached to intellectual pursuits‖ According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding. Dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puri tans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely under stood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629. There were political leaders like john Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston, There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated, While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words. ―come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.‖ One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermonsexplaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while, many settles had slighter religio us commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. ―Our main end was to catch fish.‖36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England _________.[A]Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B]intellectual interests were encouraged.[C]Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D]intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders _________.[A]experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B]brought with them the culture of the Old World[C]paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D]were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay __________.[A]were famous in the New World for their writing[B]gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C]abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D]created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often ____.[A]influenced by superstitions[B]troubled with religious beliefs[C]puzzled by church sermons[D]frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England _________.[A]were mostly engaged in political activities[B]were motivated by an illusory prospect[C]came from different backgrounds.[D]left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45),choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank, There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection . 41._________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s, Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 42._________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boasdeveloped a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, Which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43. ___________.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44. ____________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.___________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture-known as functionalism-became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A]Other anthropologist believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the ―survival of the fittest,‖ in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adult hood.[E]Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property. forms of government, technology. And systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G]For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J.Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese, Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points) There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. 46 It may be said that association under which the word’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared withphysical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education –that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. ―White pollution‖ is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly and2)make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead, You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay. You should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)2009年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are _____ the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies that were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly ______ to live shorter lives. This suggests that ____ bulbs burn longer, that there is an _____ in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it _____ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep. Burns more fuel and is slow _____ the starting line because it depends on learning – a ____ process - instead of instinct. Ple nty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to _____.Is there an adaptive value to ______ intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance _____ at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ____ of our own intelligence might be. This is ______ the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.—Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would _____ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, _____ , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that ____ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ______ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain, They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ______, not merely how much of it there is. ______. They would hope to study a _____ question; Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?_____ the result are inconclusive.1. [A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2. [A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3. [A] thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4. [A]tendency [B]advantage [C]inclination [D]priority5. [A]insists on [B]sums up [C]turns out [D]puts forward6. [A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7. [A]incredible [B]spontaneous [C]inevitable [D]gradual8. [A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think9. [A]invisible [B]limit [C]indefinite [D]different10. [A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward [D]backward11．[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12．[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13．[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14．[A]by chance [B] in contrast [C]as usual [D]for instance15．[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16．[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17．[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18．[A]Above all [B]After all [C]However [D]Otherwise19．[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive [C]equivalent [D]hostile20．[A]By accident [B]In time [C]So far [D]Better still1. B 本题考查动词，后面的宾语是―the fruit-fly experiments described…‖，suppose假设，observe观察，imagine想象，consider考虑，代入文中表示―考虑已经被描述出来的实验‖，符合语境。
在职攻读硕士专业学位全国联考英语考试大纲《词汇表》
AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的 able to inf. 能,会aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abortionn.流产，夭折aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂；陋习，弊端V 滥用，虐待，辱骂academica.学院的;学术的acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplish v.完成according to按照,根据accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得achievementn. 完成;达到, ,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acquirev.取得,获得;学到acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activistn.积极分子，活动分子actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ActuallyAd.事实上ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写addv.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的v.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正)administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇advertisev.做广告advertisementn.广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知v.提倡,鼓吹aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对 n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还alterv.改变,变更althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹amazinga.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的,ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣)analysisn.分析,分解analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物)anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apartad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具appliantn.申请者applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月Arabn.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的archaeologyn.考古学architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrangementn.安排，准备工作；整理，布置arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assessv.估价,评价assetn. （pl.）资产，财产；有用的资源，宝贵的人/物；优点，益处assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等)assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位)atomn.原子;微粒,微量atomica.原子的，原子能的attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等) attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为auctionn.拍卖vt.拍卖audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见audio n./a.声音（的），听觉(的)；音频（的），音响（的）Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automobilen.汽车autumnn.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenuen.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankern. 银行家bankrupta.破产的barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的Basicallyad.基本地，根本地basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis of根据,在...的基础上basketn.篮(子),篓basketballn.篮球bathn.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡batteryn.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组battlen.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bev.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生beachn.海滩,湖滩,河滩beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑;发光beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bearn.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女beardn.胡须beastn.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beatn.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动beautifula.美(好)的beautyn.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西becauseconj.因为becomev.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称bedn.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底been.(蜜)蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeprep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面conj.在...之前ad.前面,从前,早些时候begv.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求beggarn.乞丐，穷人beginv.开始beginningn.开始,开端behalfn.利益on behalf of代表,为了behavev.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior/behaviourn.行为,举止;(机器的)特性behindprep.在…后面,落后于ad.在后,向后,落后beingn.生物,人;存在,生存beliefn.信仰,信条;相信,信念believev.(in)相信,信仰;认为belln.钟,铃belongv.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统birthdayn. 生日biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板bladen. 刀刃，刀片；叶片；翼blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破bleedv.出血,流血blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事boringa.令人厌烦的n. 钻孔borna. 出生的；天生的，生来的n.(心)胸borrowvt. 借，借用bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boxingn. 拳击boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印bravea.勇敢的breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额browsev./n.浏览brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budgetn.预算v.做预算buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulletn.子弹,枪弹bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley bus无轨电车bushn.灌木(从)businessn.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责on business因公,因事busya.忙的,繁忙的;(with)忙于...的v.使忙于butconj.可是,但是,而;除...外prep.除...外ad.只,仅仅,不过but for除...以外,倘没有,除非butchern.屠夫,卖肉者buttern.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上butterflyn.蝴蝶buttonn.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣buyv.(购)买n.购买,买卖byprep.在...旁,靠近;被,由;经,沿,通过;不迟于,到...时为止;根据,按照;[表示方法,手段]靠,用,通过ad.在近旁,经过byeint. 再见CCabn.出租车cabbagen.洋白菜,卷心菜cabinn.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋cabinetn.橱柜;内阁cablen.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报cagen.鸟笼caken.饼,(蛋)糕calciumn. 钙calculatevt. 计算，推算；估计，推测；计划，打算calculatorn. 计算器calendarn.日历,月历calln.叫喊,呼声;(电话)通话v.叫(喊),招呼;把...叫做,称...为;(on,at)访问,拜访;打电话calma.(天气,海洋等)静的,平静的;镇静的,沉着的n.平静,风平浪静v.(使)平静;(使)镇定cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机,摄影机campn.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营campaignn.战役;运动campusn.(大学)校园canaux.v.能,会;可以;可能n.罐头v.装罐头Canadiana.加拿大的n.加拿大人canaln.运河;(沟)渠cancelv.取消,把...作废;删去,划掉cancern.癌candidaten.候选人,候补者;报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果n.帆布;油画布,油画capn.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于...顶端capabilityn. 能力，才能；性能，容量capablea.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以...的,能...的capacityn.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力capitaln.首都,首府;大写字母;资本,资金a.首位的,最重要的,基本的captainn.首领,队长;船长;上尉v.做...的首领,指挥capturev./n.捕获,俘虏v.夺得,攻占carn.车(辆),汽车;(火车)车厢carbonn.碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳cardn.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片ID card身份证credit card信用卡caren.小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,操心,照料v.(about)关心,介意,计较careern.生涯,经历;专业,职业carefula.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的cargon.船货,货物carpetn.地毯carriagen.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢carriern.搬运人;载体carrotn.胡罗卜carryv.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带cartoonn.漫画,幽默画;动画片casen.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件in any case无论如何,总之in case假如,以防(万一),免得in case of假使,万一in no case决不cashn.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款castv.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造n.演员表castlen.城堡casuala.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的catn.猫catalog/cataloguen.目录(册)v.编目(录)catchv.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到categoryn.种类,类目catchvt.捕，捉；赶上；感染，染上病；听清楚cattlen.牛;牲口,家畜causen.原因,理由;事业,事件,奋斗目标v.使产生,引起caven.洞,穴ceilingn.天花板celebratev.庆祝celln.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池Celsiusa.摄氏的cementn.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强centn.分(币);百per cent百分之center/centren.中心(区),中央v.集中centigraden./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的)centimetre/centimetren.厘米centrala.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的centuryn.世纪,(一)百年ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪certaina.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的certificaten.证(明)书,执照chainn.链(条);[pl.]镣铐;一连串,一系列,连锁v.用链条拴住chairn.椅子;主席(职位)chairmann.主席,议长,会长,董事长challengen.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题v.向...挑战chambern.房间,室championn.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士chancen.机会;可能性,或然性;偶然性,运气v.碰巧,偶然发生changen.改变,变化;零钱,找头v.更换,调换,交换,互换;改变,变化channeln.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径chaptern.章(节),回charactern.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字characteristica.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize/characterisev.表示...的特性;描述...特性chargev.索(价),要(人)支付,收费;控告,指控;充电n.[pl.]费用,代价;电荷,负荷in charge (of)负责,主管take charge of担任,负责chartn.图,图表chasev./n.追逐,追求chatv./n.闲谈,聊天cheapa.便宜的;低劣的,不值钱的cheatv.欺骗;作弊n.骗子;欺诈,欺骗行为checkv.检查,核对;制止,控制;(凭票)托运或寄存n.(=cheque)检查,核对;方格图案,格子织物check/chequen.支票cheekn.面颊,脸cheerv.(使)振奋,(使)高兴v./n.喝彩,欢呼cheerfula.愉快的,高兴的cheesen.干酪,乳酪chemicala.化学的n.[pl.]化学制品,化学药品chemistn.化学家;药剂师chemistryn.化学cheque/checkn.支票,空白支票;总收入chessn.棋chestn.胸腔,胸膛;箱,柜chewv.咀嚼;思量chickenn.小鸡,小鸟;鸡(肉)chiefa.主要的,首要的n.首领,领袖child([pl.]children)n.小孩,儿童,儿女childhoodn.幼年,童年chilln.寒冷,寒气,寒战v.使寒冷chillya.寒冷的chimneyn.烟囱chinn.下巴,颏chinan.瓷器Chinan.中国Chinesen.中国人;中国话;中文,汉语a.中国(人)的,中国话的,汉语的chipn.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块chocolaten.巧克力(糖),赭色choicen.选择(机会),抉择;供选择的种类,选择项;入选者,精华a.精选的,上等的,优等的choosev.选择,挑选;甘愿chopv.砍,劈,斩n.排骨,肉块Christiann.基督教徒a.基督教徒的Christmasn.圣诞节churchn.教堂;[C-]教会cigarette/cigaretn.香烟,纸烟,卷烟cineman.电影院;电影,影片circlen.圆,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环v.环绕,旋转circuitn.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路circulara.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报circulatev.(使)循环,(使)流通circumstancen.[pl.]情况,形势,环境;经济情形,境况citizenn.公民;市民,居民cityn.城市,都市civila.公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;民用的;有礼貌的,文明的;文职的civilization/civilisationn.文明,文化civilize/civilisev.使文明,开化claimv.要求;声称,主张;索赔n.要求;主张,断言;索赔;权利,要求权,所有权clarifyv.澄清,阐明clarityn.清晰,明晰classn.班级,年级;(一节)课;阶级,阶层;等级,类别v.把...分类(或分等)classicn.[pl.]杰作,名著a.第一流的,不朽的,古典的classicala.经典的,古典(文学)的classificationn.分类,分级classifyv.分类,分等(级)classmaten.同班同学classroomn.教室,课堂clausen.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款;从句,分句clawn.爪,脚爪clayn.粘土,泥土cleana.清洁的,干净的;洁白的v.打扫,使干净cleara.清晰的,明白的;清朗的;清澈的,明亮的;畅通的,无阻的ad.清楚地,清晰地,明白地v.澄清,清除,扫清;使清澈,使清楚变晴clerkn.职员,办事员;店员clevera.聪明的,伶俐的,机敏的,精巧的Clickn. 一击clientn.顾客;(诉讼)委托人cliffn.悬崖;峭壁climaten.气候;风气,社会思潮climbv./n.攀登,爬clingv.(to)粘住;依附;坚持clinicn.诊所clinicala. 门诊的，临床的clockn.钟clonen.克隆v.克隆coden.代码，代号，密码，编码closev.关,闭;结束,了结n.结束,了结a.(to)近的,接近的;关闭着的;秘密的,不公开的;严密的,紧密的ad.接近地,紧密地clothn.(一块)布,织物,衣料clothev.(给…)穿衣,供给...衣服clothesn.衣服clothingn.服装,被褥cloudn.云(状物);遮暗物,阴影;一大群cloudya.多云的,阴(天)的;混浊的,模糊的clubn.俱乐部,夜总会;社团;棍棒,球棒cluen.线索,暗示coachn.(铁路)客车,长途汽车,大客车;辅导员,教练,私人教师v.教练,辅导,指导coaln.煤,煤块coarsea.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的coastn.海岸,海滨coatn.外套,上衣;皮毛,表皮,涂层v.涂上,盖上,包上cockn.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关coden.代码,代号,密码;法典,法规,规划coffeen.咖啡(色)coilv.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组coinn.硬币,货币v.铸造(硬币),创造(新词)colda.寒冷的;冷淡的n.感冒;寒冷collapsev./n.倒坍,崩溃,垮台collarn.衣领;环状物colleaguen.同事,同僚collectv.收集,搜集;领取,接走;收(税等);聚集,堆积collectionn.收藏(品),收集(物)collectiven.集体a.集体的,共同的collegen.学院,高等专科学校,大学collidev.碰撞,冲突;(with)抵触collisionn.碰撞,冲突colonyn.殖民地color/colourn.颜色,彩色;颜料;肤色v.给...着色,染colorfula. 多彩；丰富多彩的columnn.圆柱,柱状物;列;(报刊中的)专栏combinationn.结合,联合,合并;化合(物) combinev.(with)(使)结合,联合;(使)化合comev.来,来到;出现于,产生;是,成为;开始,终于come off实现,成功,奏效come on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原come true实现,达到come up走近,上来;发生,被提出come up to达到,符合come up with提出,提供comfortn.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问v.安慰,使舒适comfortablea.舒适的,自在的commandn.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力v.命令;指挥,统帅commandern.司令官，指挥官commentn.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论commercen.商业,贸易commerciala.商业的,商务的,贸易的commissionn.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费commitv.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)committeen.委员会,全体委员commodityn.商品,物品commona.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的in common共用,共有,共同communicatev.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话communicationn.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通(工具)communismn.共产主义communista.共产主义的communityn.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体companionn.同伴,共事者;伴侣companyn.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一)群,(一)队,(一)伙keep company with与...交往,与...结伴comparablea.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的comparativea.比较的,相当的comparev.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作compare...to把...比作comparisonn.比较,对比,比喻,比拟by comparison比较起来compelv.强迫,迫使compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿competev.比赛;竞争competenta.有能力的,胜任的competitionn.比赛;竞争competitorn.竞争者,敌手complainv.(about,of)抱怨;申诉complaintn.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病completea.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满complexa.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体complicateda.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的complicationn.复杂,纠纷;并发症componentn.组成部分,成分,元件,部件a.组成的,合成的composev.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等)composern.作曲家;创作者compositionn.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分compoundn.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的,复合的comprehensiona.理解(力),领悟computern.计算机,电脑;计算者concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物concentrationn.专注，专心；集中；浓度conceptn.概念,观念,思想concernv.涉及,关系到v./n.关心,挂念n.(利害)关系as/so far as...be concerned就...来说be concened with关心,挂念,从事于concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定conclusionn.结束,终结;结论,推论in conclusion最后,总之concretea.具体的,有形的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪conditionn.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件on condition that在...条件下conditionern.调节装置，空调conductn.行为,举动,品行v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)conductionn.传导conductorn.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导体,导线conferencen.会议,讨论会confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密confidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突confusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词congratulationn.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词congressn.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会connectv.(with)连接,连结connection/connexionn.联系,连接conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)consciencen.良心,良知consciousa.(of)意识到的,自觉的;有意识的,神志清醒的conservevt..保存,保护,节约;守恒,不灭considerv.认为,把...看作;考虑,细想;体谅,照顾considerablea.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的consideratea.考虑周到的,体谅的considerationn.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾consistv.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由…组成,由...构成consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的constanta.经常的,不断的;坚定的,永恒的,忠实的n.常数,恒量n.成分,要素constructv.建设,建造,构造;创立consultv.与...商量,请教;查阅;(with)商量,商议consultantn.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问consumev.消费,消费,耗尽consumern.消费者,用户contactv./n.(使)接触,联系,交往containv.包含,容纳,装有;等于,相等于containern.容器;集装箱contentn.容量,含量,内容,[pl.]目录;满足,愿意a.(with)满足的,愿意的contestn.竞争,竞赛,比赛v.竞争,比赛,争论continentn.大陆,洲continuala.不断的,连续的,频繁的continuev.继续,连续,延伸continuousa.连续的,持续的contractn.契约,合同,包工v.缩小,缩短;订(约)contradictictionn.反驳;同...矛盾,contrarya.(to)相反的,矛盾的,对抗的n.反对,矛盾;相反,反面;[pl.]对立物on the contrary反之,正相反contrastv.(with)使与...对比,使与...对照,和...形成对照n.对照,对比,差异in contrast with/to与...成反比contributev.(to)贡献,捐助,捐献;投稿contributionn.贡献;捐献(物)controln.(over)控制,支配v.控制,支配controversiala.引起争论的,有争议的conveniencen.便利,方便;[pl.]便利设备convenienta.(to)便利的,方便的conventionn.大会,会议;惯例,常规,习俗;公约,协定conventionala.惯例的,常规的conversationn.会话,谈话convertv.变换,转化convincev.(of)使信服,使确信cookn.炊事员,厨师v.烹调,煮,烧coola.凉的,凉爽的;冷静的,沉着的,冷淡的v.(使)冷却,(使)镇静cooperatev.(with)合作,协作,相配合coordinatev.使协调，调整；使互相配合copev.(with)竞争,对抗;(with)对付,应付,妥善处理coppern.铜;铜币,铜制器copyn.抄本,副本,拷贝,复制品;(一)本,(一)册v.誊写,临摹,复制coren.果核;中心,核心cornn.谷物,庄稼,玉米cornern.角(落),(街道)拐角corporationn.公司,企业,团体correcta.正确的,恰当的,合适的,端正的v.改正,纠正,矫正correspondv.通信,(with)符合,一致;(to)相当于,对应correspondentn.记者,通讯员;通信者correspondinga.符合的,相应的,对应的corridorn.走廊,通路corruptv.贿赂,收买a.腐败的,贪污的cosmeticn.化妆品adj.化妆品的costn.成本,费用,代价v.值值为,花费at all costs不惜任何代价,无论如何at the cost of以...为代价costlya.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的cottonn.棉花;棉线,棉纱;棉制品coughv./n.咳嗽couldaux.v.can的过去式;[用于语气婉。
关于2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试报名工作的通知
关于2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试报名工作的通知各有关学院：根据国务院学位办[2009]1号文件和陕学位办[2009]3号文件要求，现将2009年外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试工作的有关事项通知如下：一．外国语水平考试的语种和学科综合水平考试的学科范围1．外国语水平考试的主要语种为：英语、俄语、法语、德语和日语。
以同等学力申请硕士学位人员参加外国语考试的语种，必须与接受其申请硕士学位相应学科全日制在校硕士研究生培养方案规定的语种相同。
申请外国语专业硕士学位的同等学力人员须参加外国语水平考试。
对于获学士学位时为外国语专业的同等学力人员申请外国语专业的硕士学位，参加外国语考试的语种，须与申请硕士学位的外国语专业全日制在校硕士研究生培养方案中规定的第二外国语语种相同。
全国统一组织的外国语水平考试不含听力测试。
2．学科综合水平考试的学科范围：全国进行学科综合水平考试的学科有：哲学、经济学（含理论经济学、应用经济学）、法学、政治学、社会学、教育学、心理学、中国语言文学、新闻传播学、生物学、历史学、地理学、机械工程、动力工程及工程热物理、电气工程、电子科学与技术、信息与通信工程、控制科学与工程、计算机科学与技术、建筑学、作物学、临床医学、管理科学与工程、工商管理、农林经济管理、公共管理和图书馆、情报与档案管理。
凡申请上述学科硕士学位的同等学力人员必须参加相应学科综合水平考试。
二．考试时间: 2009年5月31日（星期日）外国语上午9：00至11：30 学科综合下午2：30至5：30三．考试地点：西安交通大学西校区（西安市雁塔西路74号）四．报名程序：1.报考资格:(1)参加外国语水平考试或学科综合水平考试的考生，必须是学士学位获得者，并在获得学士学位后工作三年（即2006年3月底以前获学士学位）以上，且已通过我校的考试资格审查。
(2)参加外国语考试或学科综合水平考试的考生，应是我校2005级～2008级的在职同等学力人员，并且必须在我校参加报名和考试。
学位英语考试大纲
学位英语考试大纲学位英语考试是全国范围内广泛认可的英语水平测试，涵盖了听力、阅读、写作和口语等多个方面。
本文将详细介绍学位英语考试的大纲，旨在帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和要求，为备考提供指导。
一、考试概述学位英语考试的主要目的是测试考生的英语综合能力，包括英语听说读写四个方面。
考试内容涵盖了常用的英语词汇、语法结构、语言表达能力等。
考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，笔试主要包括听力、阅读和写作，口试则考察考生的口语表达能力和交际技巧。
二、考试科目1. 听力听力测试主要考察考生从录音材料中获取信息的能力。
考试形式多样，包括听短对话回答问题、听长对话选答案、听短文填空等。
题目难度逐渐增加，测试考生的听力理解能力和听写准确度。
2. 阅读阅读测试主要考察考生对英文文章的理解和阅读能力。
题目形式包括阅读短文选择答案、阅读长文回答问题、阅读短文填空等。
要求考生根据文章内容进行推理和归纳，掌握文章的主旨和细节信息。
3. 写作写作测试要求考生根据所给的提示或问题，撰写一篇完整的英文篇章。
题目通常包括作文、翻译和改写等多种形式，旨在考察考生的写作能力和语言运用能力。
考生需要合理组织文章结构，运用丰富的词汇和语法结构，表达清晰准确的观点和论述。
4. 口语口语测试主要考察考生的口语表达能力和对话交际能力。
题目形式包括个人陈述、对话、听力理解和口头交际等。
考生需要正确运用英语语音语调、流利地表达自己的观点，能够应对各种口语交际情境。
三、考试要求1. 语言准确性考生需要正确运用英语词汇、语法和语言表达，避免拼写错误和语法错误，注意句子结构和时态的准确性。
2. 文章连贯性写作和口语表达要求考生组织清晰、条理清楚，句子间的衔接流畅自然，文章或对话的结构层次分明。
3. 观点明确写作和口语表达时要表达明确的观点和观点支持，通过例子和论据来阐述自己的观点，让读者或听者能够清楚地理解你的意思。
4. 适应能力考试中的听力和阅读材料涉及各种话题和学术领域，考生需要具备一定的背景知识和灵活的语言运用能力，能够理解并回答与话题相关的问题。
在职攻读硕士学位英语考试大纲
为学生引路，为学员服务
第 1 页 共 1 页 在职攻读硕士学位英语考试大纲
自2002年起，国务院学位委员会办公室规定，全国在职攻读硕士学位入学外语考试(英、日、俄、德)不分学位种类，按照各语种统一的考试大纲，实行统一命题、统一考试、统一阅卷，择优录取。
该规定实施以来，在职攻读硕士学位入学考试工作得以规范和改进，并提高了入学外语考试的科学性、权威性和公正性。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考大纲(英、日、俄、德)由国务院学位委员会办公室聘请全国十余所高等院校的专家和学者组织编写。
该大纲充分考虑了在职攻读硕士学位的特点，在考试内容和考试项目等方面加强了对考生外语应用能力的考核。
多年来，国务院学位委员会办公室一直密切关注统一考试的举办情况，及时与考生举行座谈，．并与有关专家进行商讨。
在总结过去统一考试经验的基础上，我们决定组织有关方面专家对考试大纲进行补充修订。
经过修订的新大纲(第二版)将是今后几年全国在职攻读硕士学位(非英语专业)入学外语考试统一命题的依据，是各院校进行有关教学和辅导的参考，也可作为应试者复习和备考的参考资料。
目录
编写说明
英语考试大纲
英语考试样卷
样卷参考答案
附录一 词汇表
附录二 词组表
附录三 常用词缀表
附录四 常用缩略语表
附录五 世界主要国家、地区及其首都(首府)和主要城市名称英中文对照表。
2009年考研英语真题答案及解析
C 满足这一条件，故答案为 C。
17.[A] at 在……
[B] for 为了…… [C] after 在……之后 [D] with 与……
【答案】 B
【考点】固定搭配
【解析】what…is for。是一种常用的固定用法，表示对 what 后面事物的一种说明。本句句意为：它们会尽力
2
去搞清楚人类智慧的用途。故本题答案为 B。
思考。
二、试题具体解析
1.[A] Suppose 假设 猜想 [B] Consider 考虑 [C] Observe 观察
[D] Imagine 设想
【答案】 B
【考点】固定搭配
【解析】本题考查的是“consider+名词性词组”的用法，表示“以……为例”，显然与后面的试验搭配表示以该试
验为例引出下文。选项 A、D 同义，故排除。选项 C 代入文中与上下文不合，故答案为 B。
【补充】 consider 在这里等同于 take…(as an example)。
2.[A] tended (to) 倾向于…… [B] feared 害怕 [C] happened(to)碰巧…… [D] threatened (to) 威胁要去做……
【答案】A
【考点】动词搭配
【解析】从空格后面的 to 可首先排除 B，因为 fear 不与 to 连用。再结合文章题材看，文章是科技类，而科技类文章
10.[A] upward 向上
[B] forward 向前 [C] afterward 后来 [D] backward 向后
【答案】 D
【考点】逻辑关系
【解析】空所在的语境为：往 看一眼已经灭绝的物种。应经死亡的物种当然已经成为历史，常识告诉我们，看
2009年全国考试大纲英语卷
2009年全国考试大纲（英语卷）Ⅰ．考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。
高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。
因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。
英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。
Ⅱ．考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照教育部2000年颁发的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》，并考虑中学教学实际，制订本学科考试内容。
一、语言知识要求考生能够适当运用基本的语法知识（见附录），掌握2000左右的词汇及相关词组（见《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇；（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
Ⅲ．考试形式与试卷结构1．答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。
2．考试时间：120分钟。
试卷满分为150分。
3．题型：试卷一般包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错和书面表达等题型。
4．试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。
Ⅳ．题型示例一、多项选择题（一）考查听力M：Well, I wonder why the office is still not open .W：But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.1．At what time does the office open ?A．7:45. B．8:15. C．8:00.M：It's Alice's birthday tomorrow.W：Are you sure ? I think it should be the day after tomorrow.M：Well, let me see. Oh, I'm sorry. You're right. It is the day after tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?W：Yes, of course. Shall we give her some flowers?M：Flowers are lovely. But I think it's better to buy her a nice box of chocolates.W：Alice doesn't like sweet things. Didn't you know that?M：You're right. Er…I know. We can give her a record. She loves music.W：That's a good idea. Let's go to the music shop and choose one for her.2．When is Alice's birthday?A．The next day. B．The day after next. C．The day they had the talk.3．What will the man and the woman buy for Alice ?A．A record. B．Some flowers. C．A box of chocolates.（二）考查语法和词汇知识1．Paul doesn't have to be made_______.He always works hard.A．study B．to study C．studied D．studying2．I first met Lisa three years ago when we ______ at a radio station together.A．have worked B．had been working C．were working D．had worked3．She thought I was talking about her daughter,_________,in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A．whom B．where C．which D．while4．—When shall we meet again?—Make it ________ day you like; it's all the same to me.A．one B．any C．another D．some（三）考查阅读理解We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift here eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop(拖把). She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, "Very dirty floors.""Yes. I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them," the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?"until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you."Outside, Mum told me, "Dagmar is fine. No fever.""You saw her, Mum?""Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush."1．When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was______.A．to clean the floor B．to please the nurseC．to see a patient D．to surprise the story-teller2．When the nurse talked to Mum, she thought Mum was a_______.A．nurse B．visitor C．patient D．cleaner3．After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A．It is a children's hospital.B．It has strict rules about visiting hours.C．The nurses and doctors there don't work hard.D．A lot of patients come to this hospital every day. 4．Why did Mum go to see Dagmar in the hospital?A．To give her some messages about Dad.B．To make sure her room was clean.C．To check that she was still there.D．To find out how she was.5．Which of the following words best describes Mum?A．polite B．patient C．changeable D．clever二、完形填空题Washoe is a young chimpanzee（黑猩猩）. She is no（1）chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research （2）her. They want to see how civilized （驯化）she can（3）. Already she can do many things a human being does.For example, she has been learning how to exchange（4）with people. The scientists are teaching her（5）（7）she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.Washoe has also been（8）to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a（9）with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to（10）. After she considered the（11）, she got a tall box to（12）. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a（13）pole. Then she climbed onto the（14）, grasped（抓取）the pole, and（15）down the food with the pole.Washoe（16）like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard（17）in the lab, she goes home.（18）she plays with her toys. She（19）enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to（20）more about people by studying our closest relative-the chimpanzee.1．A．foolish B．simple C．special D．ordinary2．A．for B．on C．to D．by3．A．experience B．change C．develop D．become4．A．actions B．views C．messages D．feelings5．A．human B．sign C．spoken D．foreign6．A．out B．at C．on D．up7．A．when B．until C．since D．while8．A．trained B．raised C．ordered D．led9．A．hole B．zoo C．room D．museum10．A．pull B．see C．eat D．reach11．A．problem B．position C．food D．ceiling12．A．stand by B．stand on C．stand up D．stand with13．A．straight B．strong C．long D．heavy14．A．wall B．box C．ceiling D．pole15．A．knocked B．picked C．took D．pulled16．A．lives B．works C．thinks D．plays17．A．task B．lesson C．time D．day18．A．But B．There C．So D．Besides19．A．quite B．already C．even D．still20．A．see B．answer C．learn D．gain三、听力填空题Man:…and lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or to groups. They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. There are three courses that you might like to join: fishing, hill-walking, and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. All these courses are really enjoyable.BURNSIDE COUNTRY COLLEGECountry Sports WeekendsCOURSE AGEFishing 12+1.____________2.____________Rock-climbing 16+四、短文改错题Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit 1. _______to a American family. They live in a small 2. _______town. It was very kind for them to meet me 3. _______at the railway station and drove me to their home. 4. _______The Smiths did his best to make me feel 5. _______at home. They offered me coffee and other 6. _______drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing7. _______together. They were eager know everything about 8. _______China and asked me lots of question. In fact, 9. _______they are planning to visit China in next year. 10. _______五、书面表达题假定你是李华。
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2009年在职申请硕士学位英语考试大纲
一、指导思想
为了客观地测试以同等学力申请硕士学位人员(以下简称同等学力人员)的英语水平,保证学位授予的质量,根据《国务院学位委员会关于授予具有研究生毕业同等学力人员硕士、博士学位的规定》(1998年6月18日通过)和国务院学位委员会办公室1994年下达的《关于在职人员以同等学力申请硕士学位外国语课程水平统一考试的通知》的精神和要求,结合具有同等学力的在职人员学习英语的特点，在总结近几年来同等学力人员英语水平统一考试工作的基础上,特制订本大纲(第三次修订稿)。
研究生英语教学的目的，是使学生具有较好的用英语获取信息的能力和一定的用英语传递信息的能力，这就要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力和一定的听说能力，同时也必须具有一定的英语写作能力和翻译能力。
本考试旨在测试考生是否达到研究生英语教学大纲所规定的各项要求，具有研究生英语教学大纲所规定的各项语言运用能力。
二、评价目标
本考试重点考查考生的口语交际、阅读、写作和翻译的能力(由于技术上的原因,本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际的测试采用书面形式进行。
考生听力能力的测试由各院校在考生学习期间进行)。
考生应在词汇量、语法知识、阅读理解、口语交际、翻译能力和英语写作等方面分别达到以下要求：
（一）词汇
掌握约5500个英语词汇和约550个常用词组。
对其中的2500个词汇要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际、写作和翻译中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读中识别和理解。
（二）语法知识
掌握英语的全部基本语法结构和常用句型，能正确理解包含这些句型和结构的句子，能识别和改正一般的语法错误。
（三）口语交际
能用英语进行日常会话。
对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语会话，能理解会话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义。
能恰当进行交际。
能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。
（四）阅读理解
能综合运用英语言知识和阅读技能读懂一般性题材的文章及科技文献。
要求能抓住大意，读懂细节，能理解上下文的逻辑关系，并领会作者的意图和态度。
阅读速度应达到每分钟100~120个词。
（五）翻译能力
能在不借助词典的情况下，把一般性题材的文章及科普文章中的句子或段落从英语译成汉语或从汉语译成英语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语言错误。
英译汉的速度为每小时400个英语单词，汉译英的速度为每小时250~300个汉字。
（六）英语写作
考生应具有用英语书面表达思想的基本能力。
所写文章应切合主题，能正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。
每小时应能写出不少于300个词的短文。
三、题型、题量、分值
本考试分试卷一和试卷二。
试卷一以客观试题为主；试卷二为主观试题。
两卷满分为100分。
试卷一占总分的65%，试卷二占总分的35%；达到总分的60%为及格。
试卷二得分低于18者，不论试卷一得分多少，均为不及格。
在基本题型相对稳定的前提下（本考试大纲列举的题型不一定在每次考试中全部出现），每次考试可能是不同题型的组合，每种题型的题量也可能有所变化，但这种变化将限于一定的范围之内，而不致使某一种题型的权重过大或过小。
试卷一包括口语交际、词汇、阅读理解、综合填空和辨识错误五个部分，考试时间为90分钟。
试卷二包括翻译（包括英译汉和汉译英两节）和英语写作两个部分，考试时间为60分钟。
试卷一和试卷二考试时间共计150分钟。
第一部分口语交际
本部分共设10题，每题1分。
考试时间为10~15分钟。
本部分包括一节或两节，每次考试设以下一种或两种题型。
A节为完成对话，包括5~10题。
每一题中，考生将在试卷上读到一段不完整的对话和用以完成这段对话的4个备选答案。
要求考生针对对话的内容从4个备选答案中先出一个最符合对话情景和口语交际习惯用法的答案，使整个对话能顺利完成。
B节为对话理解，包括5~10题。
在每一题中，考生将在试卷上读到一段对话和对话之后的问题，以及针对问题的4个备选答案。
要求考生能理解对话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含意，从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案。
第二部分词汇
本部分共设20~30题，每题0.5分。
考试时间为10~15分钟。
本部分包括两节。
A节包括10~15题，形式为单句选择替换。
要求考生对单句中带下划线的一个词或词组进行替换选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳替换词或词组。
B节包括10~15题，形式为单句选择填空。
要求考生根据句意从所给的4个备选答中选出最佳答案，填入空白处，使句子完整。
词汇命题范围为本大纲所规定的约5500个单词和约550个词组。
第三部分阅读理解
本部分共设25~30题，每题1分。
考试时间为40~50分钟。
阅读理解的短文为5~6篇，每篇300~400个单词，要求考生在理解短文的基础上从每题所给的4个备选取答案中选出一个最佳答案。
第四部分综合填空
本部分共设10~15题，每题1分。
考试时间为10~15分钟。
本部分设两种题型，每次考试设其中一种题型。
题型一：在一篇难度适中的短文中设置10~15个空白（设置10个空白的短文长度为200~250个词，设置15个空白的短文长度为250~300个词），每个空白为一题，要求考生从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案。
备选答案可以是单词，也可以是短语。
题型二：在一篇与题型一同样难度和长度的短文中设置10~15个空白，在短文前所设的方框中给出同等数量的备选答案。
考生从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案。
备选答案可以是单词，也可以是短语。
第五部分辨识错误
本部分共设10题，每题0.5分。
考试时间为10~15分钟。
题型为识别单句或短文中的错误。
每次考试设其中一种题型。
题型一：单句辨错，每题标出4个词语或词组，要求考生找出其中有错误的一个。
题型二：短文辨错，要求考生根据上下文找出短文中的错误，并将有错误的部分填入答题卡相应的位置。
第六部分翻译
本部分包括英译汉和汉译英两节，共20分，每节10分。
考试时间为30分钟。
要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。
A节为英译汉。
本节设三种题型，每次考试设其中的一种题型。
题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为80——100个英文单词。
题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为80——100个英文单词。
题型三：在一个较长的段落中，有5个带有下划线的句子，要求考生翻译这5个句子。
5个句子的总长度为80——100个英文单词。
B节为汉译英。
本节设两种题型，每次考试设其中一种题型。
题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为100——120个汉字。
题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为100——120个汉字。
第七部分英语写作
本部分设1题，15分。
考试时间为30分钟。
要求考生在规定的时间内，按照题目要求用英语写出一篇不少于150个词的短文。
考试形式为根据提纲作文、看图作文、描述图表或根据一篇所给的文章写出内容提要或读后感等。