Unit4SpaceExploration议论文写作导学案-高中英语人教版

B3 Unit 3议论文写作
议论文写作，是就有关问题进行分析，并针对这些问题提出自己的观点和建议的文章。

通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，从而表达出作者的观点，支持或否定某种主张。

议论文常由论点，论据和论证三部分构成，要求观点明确，论据充分，逻辑清晰。

一、命题分析
1. 议论文在高考中常以图表、提纲或图画的形式出现。

它要求语言必须简练，准确，要尽可能避免使用口语，多用书面语，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述，说明和描写等手法。

2. 写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论，即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。

根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两面来论述，可增强论证的力度。

最后，可得出结论，照应开头，形成一个有机的整体。

3. 写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。

二、常用连接词
all in all，in short, in conclusion，generally，on the other hand，on the contrary与此相反，as a result，definitely，surely，undoubtedly毫无疑问的是，obviously，clearly，also，furthermore，in addition，moreover，worse still，besides, as well，in my opinion，personally，to begin with，firstly，last but not least
三、常用句式
①We have had a discussion about...
②Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
③支持Some people are in favor of/support/are for the idea of doing...
④反对Some people are against/ disapprove of/don't support the idea of doing. ..
⑤On the one hand.. on the other hand..
⑥In my opinion/ As far as I'm concerned..
⑦There are some truths in both arguments. But I think the advantages of doing. .. overweigh the disadvantages.
⑧Besides the above mentioned, it might bring about...
四、写作任务
假设你是李华。

最近，你班学生就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开讨论。

请你根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一封信向你的好朋友汤姆介绍这一情况。

词数80左右。

30%的学生认为不值得探索：
（1)离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远；
(2)浪费金钱，这些金钱本可以用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题。

70%的学生认为值得探索：
(1）卫星已用来进行通信传播、天气预报，使我们的生活更加方便；
(2）有望解决地球能源短缺等问题。

五、写作构思(一审、二定、三明确、四分段）
1. 一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文
主题：探索太空讨论会
2. 二定：确定时态和人称（与体裁和主题息息相关）
时态：以一般现在时为主（介绍目前的情况）
人称：以第一、三人称为主
3. 三明确
明确写作要点：问候并引入主题→讨论会正反双方的观点→询问对方的看法，并期待回复4. 四分段（与写作要点息息相关)
结合写作要点分为三个段落
六、素材整理
1.短语
have a discussion on进行关于……讨论
on the one hand…on the other hand…一方面，另一方面
far away from离…遥远daily life日常生活
worthwhile值得的be worthy to be done值得被做sth be worth doing 某事值得
as well as也munication通信weather forecast 天气预报
resource 资源energy shortages能源短缺
2.单句写作
①最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索进行了一次讨论。

______________________________________________________________________________ ②一方面，我们有30%的学生认为，太空探索不值得。

______________________________________________________________________________ ③他们认为，太空离我们和我们的日常生活太遥远。

______________________________________________________________________________ ④而且太空探索会耗费大量的金钱，这些钱可以用来解决像饥饿和污染之类的问题。

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ⑤另一方面，70%的学生认为太空值得探索。

______________________________________________________________________________ ⑥我们都知道，卫星被用于通信，也被用于预报天气，这使得我们的生活更加便利。

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
⑦此外，如果在其他星球上发现资源，我们地球上能源短缺的问题就能得到解决。

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ 七、满分作文（连句成篇）
Dear Tom,
How’s everything going? Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring.
On the one hand, 30% of us think that space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life. And space exploration will waste a lot of money, which can be used to solve the problems such as starvation and pollution. On the other hand, 70% think space is worthy to be explored. As we all know, satellites have been used for weather forecasts as well as munication, which makes our life more convenient. Besides, if resources are found on other planets, the problem of energy shortages on our earth can be solved.
What about your opinion? Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua 八、写作练习二选一
写作任务1
暑假即将来临，你班同学就假期计划进行讨论，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右
2．短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述；
3．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
4．参考词汇：眼界horizon(view)
写作任务2
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。

某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。

请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。

内容要点如下：主要原因：考试偏多、偏难；不用功、懒惰；取悦父母、老师
个人看法：作弊不对，违反校规；要诚实，努力学习；……（其他看法）
注意：1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。

4．参考词汇：作弊cheat（v.）
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 范文1
The summer holiday is ing. Our class had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.
Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and fortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.
范文2
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don't work hard at our lessons. So when taking examinations, some students sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it break the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What's more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.。