英语讲义【67】分词和形容词的差别

在英语⾥,形容词可以修饰名词，分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）也可以修饰名词。

久⽽久之，很多分词已经转化为形容词。

这样的形容词和修饰名词的分词，在意义和⽤法上，有何不同呢？
㈠从现在分词转化的形容词只反映名词的特点，但现在分词则表⽰名词的动作。

例如：
① It is an interesting story.（有趣的）
② Tom spoke with trembling fingers.（颤抖的）
第⼀句的“interesting”表⽰名词“story”的特点，所以是形容词；第⼆句的“trembling”表⽰名词“fingers”的动作，所以是现在分词。

㈡现在分词转化的形容词可以冠以“very, extremely, so”等程度副词（adverbs of degree），⽽且还可以作⽐较。

例如：
③ That was a very illuminating example.
④ Jim is an extremely promising young man.
⑤ This story book is more interesting than that one.
⑥ The film we saw yesterday was the most moving one we have ever seen.
上述的程度副词和⽐较式不可加到现在分词去，因此⑦和⑧是错的：
⑦ He spoke with very trembling fingers.
⑧ Her right eye is more sparkling than her left eye.
㈢过去分词转化的形容词表⽰名词的特⾊，但过去分词修饰名词时则反映动作的结果。

例如：
⑨ Henry is an experienced teacher.
⑩ There are many talented people in China.
11 No one can enter through that locked door.
12 Is Ng Min a spoilt child?
⑨和⑩是转化形容词；╆和╇是过去分词。

㈣由过去分词转化的形容词可以冠以程度副词“too, so, very ”等，如：
13 Hawker centres in Singapore are very crowded places.
14 Samual was too upset to say anything.
15 The winner was so agitated that he could not utter a single word.
此外，有些转化形容词还可以变成状态副词，即有“-ly”的副词，如：
16 determinedly； confusedly； excitedly； expectedly； supposedly.
反之，过去分词既不可以冠以程度副词，也不可变成状态副词。

最后，有些转化形容词⾥的“-ed”语⾳和过去分词的不同，如：
17　a.blessed/blesid/“神圣的”
b.blessed/blest/“求神保佑”
18 a.crooked/krukid/“弯曲的”
b.crooked/krukt/“使弯曲”
19 a.learned/l3:nid/“博学的”
b.learned/l3:nd/“学习”
17a, 18a和19a属转化形容词；17b, 18b和19b则是过去分词。